L17-03

a [conjunction for nouns] — and/or

ei mi tavla la alis a la kevin — I need to speak to Alice or Kevin (or to both of them).

Related words: ja, a, e, ji, o, u"

a bu [pronoun] — a (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like a bu is for the last la alis used."

a'a [interjection] — attention, a'a cu'i — inattentiveness, a'a nai — avoiding

a'a ko ca'o skicu — I'm listening, go on talking!

a'a cu'i ko denpa lo nu mi jai gau mulno fai ti — Eh, just a second, let me finish this.

do tavla da a'a nai — La, la, la, I'm not listening what you are talking about.

Related words: jundi, rivbi"

a'e [interjection] — alertness, a'e nai — exhaustion

a'e ba vlile tcima — It's going to be a storm.

a'e nai mi ba klama lo ckana — Yaaaawn, I'm going to bed.

Related words: sanji, cikna, tatpi"

a'i [interjection] — Oomph! (effort, endeavor), a'i cu'i — no special effort, a'i nai — repose

a'i mi ca'o ralte — I'm trying to hold it!

a'i cu'i ti frili — Ah, this is easy.

a'i nai cikre ta — Nah, why bother fixing it.

Related words: snada, fliba, gunka, nandu, troci"

a'o [interjection] — hope, a'o nai — Gah! (despair)

a'o vamji fa lo nu zukte — I hope, it's worth doing it.

a'o nai mi co'u ponse da — Gah, I lost all my property.

Related words: pacna"

a'oi [vocative] — Ahoy! (greeting in a piratic manner)

a'oi la kevin ma nuzba — Ahoy, Kevin! What's up?

Related words: coi, co'oi"

a'u [interjection] — Hmm... I wonder ... (interest), a'u cu'i — Ho-hum (disinterest), a'u nai — Eww! Yuck! (repulsion)

a'u ro jbopre cu stati prenu — Interesting, all Lojbanists are smart people.

a'u ma krinu — Hm, what is the reason?

a'u cu'i do ne ka'ai lo nanla cu se zdani — It's none of my business that you live with a boy.

a'u nai do co'a speni lo fange — You married a stranger, it's none of my business, I'd avoid this topic.

a'u nai iu nai panci fa lo kalci i ai nai mi citka ti — Yuck, that smells like shit! I'm not going to eat this.

Related words: lo se cinri"

aftobuso — x_1(entity) is a bus, coach carrying x_2(entity)

lo aftobuso — bus, coach.

ma se stuzi lo tcana pe lo aftobuso pe li mu — Where is the stop of bus number 5?

lo aftobuso pe li xo cu klama le muzga — What's the number of the bus that goes to the museum?

le aftobuso be lo litru cu clani — Tourists' bus is long.

Related words: karce, taksi, trene, marce, tcadu"

ai [interjection] — I'm gonna ... (intent), ai cu'i — indecision, ai nai — unintentionally, accidentally

ai mi vitke do — I'm going to visit you.

a'i cu'i mi klama lo zarci — I'm indecisive to whether I should go to a shop.

ai nai mi pu darxi do — I didn't mean to hit you.

Related words: te mukti, zukte, cuxna"

aidji — x_1(entity) intends to do x_{2(property of x1)}

lo se aidji — intended action.

mi aidji lo ka klama la nipon — I am going to go to Japan.

Related words: lo te mukti"

akti — x_1(entity) is running service x_{2(property of x1)}

lo akti — active, in action, working, in operation. lo se akti — active operation.

gau ko ta to'e akti — Turn that off.

gau ko ta akti — Turn it on.

mi jai gau ba akti fai le minji — I will get the machine running.

le zarci ca akti — The shop is open.

le minji ca akti lo ka cupra lo purmo — The machine is now in operation producing flour.

Related words: zukcfu, spofu"

anka — x_1(entity) is a thigh, hip of x_2(entity)

le verba pu jai gau spofu lo anka be lo no'a — The child broke his thigh.

Related words: tornozelo"

ankabuta — x_1(entity) is a spider of species x_2(taxon)

lo ankabuta — spider.

xu do terpa tu'a lo ankabuta — Are you afraid of spiders?

Related words: insekto, cinki, danlu"

arte — x_1(entity) is a piece of artwork

lo arte — piece of artwork.

le vi arte pu jai rinka so'i nu darlu — There've been a lot of debates caused by this artwork.

Related words: larcu, finti, pixra"

arxokuna — x_1(entity) is a raccoon of species x_2(taxon)

lo arxokuna — raccoon.

pa arxokuna cu zvati le mi kumfa co nu jukpa — There's a raccoon in my kitchen.

Related words: danlu, mabru"

asna — x_{1(property of x2)} is a posture, stance, asana of body x_2(entity)

lo asna — posture (of body), body position, stance (of body), asana.

ra co'a se asna pa ckape ne'a le barda fenra — He took a dangerous pose near the abyss.

Related words: morna"

au [interjection] — Wish ... (desire), au cu'i — meh (indifference), au nai — Nuh-uh! (disinclination, reluctance)

au e'o tcati — I'd like some tea, please.

au cu'i do jai gau bredi fai lo cidja — You prepare the food or not ... I don't have any preferences.

au nai do cliva — I don't want you to leave.

au mi stali bu'u lo zdani gi'e nai kansa le nakni — I'd rather stay at home than come with him.

Related words: djica"

ba [preposition of tense] — after ... (in time), adverb: in future (expresses future tense)

mi ba bevri — I will bring it."

ba'a [interjection] — I expect, ba'a cu'i — I experience, ba'a nai — I remember

ba'a lo mi mamta ca zvati le zdani — I expect my mother to be at home now.

ba'a le mi pendo pu jinga — I expect my friend to have won.

ba'a cu'i lo se klani be lo sovda cu lacri lo tcika lo nu lo jipci cu jai gau cfari — In my experience, the number of eggs depends on when a hen starts.

ba'a nai do na nelci lo laldo prenu — As I remember, you don't like old people.

Comment: ba'a might refer to past events, which you simply don't have information about yet. ba'a marks not yet known, ba'a cu'i marks knowledge being acquired at the moment of speaking, ba'a nai marks already acquired knowledge.

Related words: lifri, vedli, kanpe"

ba'e [left interjection] — puts an emphasis on the following construct

mi djuno lo du'u ma kau darxi ba'e la alis — I know who hit ALICE (not someone else).

vajni ba'e mi — It's important for ME.

Related words: ba'e, za'e"

ba'o [preposition of aspect] — in the aftermath (retrospective aspect)

mi ba'o citka lo plise — I have eaten an apple.

mi'o ba'o tavla — We are done talking.

mi ba'o xagji — I'm no longer hungry."

ba'u [interjection] — exaggeration, ba'u cu'i — to be precise, literally, ba'u nai — to put it mildly (understatement)

do no ba'u roi jimpe fi mi — You never understand me.

le pa tadni pu no ba'u cu'i roi jimpe lo ve ciksi be fo mi — The student literally never understood my explanations.

le terdi cu barda ba'u nai — The Earth is big, to put it mildly.

Related words: satci, zildukse"

bacru — x_1(entity) utters x_{2(sound, text)}

lo se bacru — uttered text or sound.

ko na cladu bacru — Don't talk loud.

le nakni pu bacru lu pa no li'u — He said "Ten".

Comment: bacru is to vocally utter an actual sound, cusku is to say some text (which can be in any form including vocal)

Related words: krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, pinka"

badna — x_1(entity) is a banana fruit or plant of species x_2(taxon)

lo badna — banana.

ma jdima lo badna poi kilto lo grake — How much is the kilo of bananas?

Related words: grute"

badri — x_1(entity) is sad about x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

lo badri — sad. lo se badri — sad event.

mi pu badri lo nu mi pu permite le fetsi lo ka zukte ma kau — I was sad of what I had allowed her to do.

Related words: klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri"

bai [preposition from bapli] — compelled by force ...

mi pu stali bu'u lo zdani bai lo ka bilma — I stayed at home forced by my illness."

bajra — x_1(entity) runs on surface x_2(entity) using limbs x_3(entity)

lo bajra — runner.

mi bajra vi'i lo mitre be li ci ki'o — I ran three thousands meters.

xu do su'o roi senva lo ka bajra lo jdika grana loi xance be do — Have you ever dreamt of running on your hands on a narrow rod?

Related words: cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare"

bakfu — x_1(entity) is a pack or bundle containing x_{2(entity group)} held together by x_3(entity)

lo bakfu — pack, bundle. lo se bakfu — content of a pack.

ti bakfu lo se dunda lo dasri — This is a gift packed with a ribbon into a bundle.

Related words: daski, dakli, tanxe"

bakni — x_1(entity) is a cow or bovine of species x_2(taxon)

lo bakni — cow.

mu bakni cu zvati le purdi — There are five cows in the garden.

Related words: danlu"

bakri — x_1(entity) is some chalk

lo bakri — chalk.

mi xebni lo bakri i ki'u bo ri punji lo purmo lo xance — I hate chalk. It leaves powder on hands.

Related words: pinsi, blabi, jilka"

baktu — x_1(entity) is a pail, bucket containing x_2(entity)

lo baktu — bucket, pail. lo se baktu — contents of a bucket.

ko bevri le baktu be lo festi fo le dinju — Take the pail of bucket out of the house.

Related words: botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka"

balji — x_1(entity) is a bulb of plant x_2(taxon)

lo balji — bulb (of a plant).

ra pu sombo pa balji be lo flora le purdi — She planted a flower bulb in the garden.

Related words: spati"

balnema — x_1(entity) is a baleen whale of species x_2(taxon)

lo balnema — baleen whale.

lei litru ca'o zgana lo melbi nu muvdu fa le balnema — The tourists are watching the graceful movement of a baleen whale."

balni — x_1(entity) is a balcony or shelf of structure x_2(entity)

lo balni — balcony. lo se balni — building with a balcony.

mi cpana lo balni be le mi zdani — I am on the balcony of my home.

i lo jvinu be fi le balni cu melbi — The view from the balcony is beautiful.

Related words: kajna"

balre — x_1(entity) is a blade of tool or weapon x_2(entity)

lo balre — blade. lo se balre — tool with a blade, weapon with a blade.

le balre be le dakfu cu kinli — The blade of the knife is sharp.

Related words: dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna"

balvi — x_1(clause) is in the future of x_2(clause) ; x₁ is later than x₂

lo balvi — later event, future event. lo se balvi — earlier event, past event.

lo nu la kevin cu cliva pu balvi lo nu mi tsuku le xotli — Kevin left, and that happened after my arrival to the hotel.

Related words: lidne, cabna, purci, farna"

bambola — x_1(entity) is a doll

lo bambola — doll.

le nixli cu nelci ta noi bambola — The girl likes that doll.

Related words: keltci, kelci"

bambu — x_1(entity) is a bamboo of variety x_2(taxon)

lo bambu — bamboo.

le bambu cu torni lo brife — Bamboo bends before the wind.

Related words: spati, tricu"

bancu — x_1(entity) is beyond boundary x_{2(same type as x1)} from x_{3(same type as x1)} in x_{4(property of x1)}

da lalxu gi'e bancu le tcadu — There is a lake beyond the city.

lo tai fasnu cu bancu lo se kakne be mi — Such things are beyond my powers.

le zdani cu bancu le vu tricu ti lo ka darno ti — The house is beyond those trees from here in how far it is from here.

Related words: zildukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe"

bandu — x_1(entity) defends x_2(entity) from threat x_{3(property of x2)}

lo brife e lo carvi cu bandu le dinju lo ka jelca — Wind and rain protect the house from burning.

Related words: ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji"

banfi — x_1(entity) is an amphibian of species x_2(taxon)

lo banfi — amphibian.

lo remna cu simsa lo banfi lo ka se tarmi — Humans look like amphibians.

Related words: danlu, respa"

bangu — x_1(entity) is a language used in x_2(entity) to express x_{3(proposition)}

lo bangu — language.

xu do pilno la lojban lo ka tavla — Do you speak Lojban?

zoi ry.привет.ry. se bangu lo rusko — "привет" is a Russian text.

le nanmu pu pilno lo bangu be fi lo mabla — The man used dirty language.

Related words: tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka"

banli — x_1(entity) is great, magnificent in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo banli — great (superior).

le xamsi cu banli lo ka se jvinu ma kau le kumfa be le xotli — The sea looks magnificent from the hotel room.

Related words: barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, marvele"

banro — x_1(entity) grows to size or into form x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

i le spati ca'o banro lo tricu lo se katna jimca — The plant is growing into a tree from a cut off branch.

Related words: farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti"

banxa — x_1(entity) is a bank owned by x_2(entity) for banking functions x_3(clause)

lo banxa — bank. lo se banxa — bank owner, bank system. lo te banxa — function of bank.

ti banxa le gugde lo ka canja fo lo kagni i je to'u ti banxa fi lo kagni — This bank owned by stated works with companies, in short, this is a commercial bank.

Comment: x₂ can be a banking system.

Related words: sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni"

banzu — x_1(clause) is enough for purpose x_2(clause) to take place

lo nu mi tavla fo la lojban na banzu lo nu mi jimpe do — My level of speaking Lojban isn't enough to understand you.

lo nu do ca klama cu da'i banzu lo nu do tsuku ca le se tcika — Leaving now would be enough for you to arrive on time.

banzu lo se djica be mi — It's enough for me.

Related words: zildukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, permite"

bapli — x_1(clause) forces, convinces x_2(clause) to occur

lo bapli — force.

le tcima pu bapli lo nu le nakni cu stali lo zdani — The violent weather forced him to stay at home.

le snuti pu bapli lo nu le prenu cu zenba co jundi — The accident convinced him to be more careful.

Related words: fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, zukte, tolpro, danre, bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu"

barda — x_1(entity) is big, large in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)}

lo barda — large, big.

le tanxe pu barda lo ka se canlu — The box occupied large space.

le nu penmi pu barda lo ka se ditcu — The meeting lasted for a large amount of time.

Related words: banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto"

bargu — x_1(entity) is an arch over or around x_2(entity)

lo bargu — arch.

lei tricu cu bargu le dargu — The trees form an arch over the road.

Related words: cripu, korcu, condi"

barja — x_1(entity) is a bar serving x_2(entity) to customers x_3(entity)

lo barja — bar.

ti barja lo ckafi lo litru — This is a bar serving coffee to tourists.

Related words: gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se pinxe"

barna — x_1(entity) is a mark, spot on x_2(entity)

lo barna — mark, spot.

le barna be le kamju cu flalu barna le dargu — The mark on the pillar is a road sign.

Related words: sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina"

bartu — x_1(entity) is outside of x_2(entity)

lo bartu — something outside. lo se bartu — something inside.

ei mi klama lo bartu be lo zdani — I should go out.

Related words: jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru"

basna — x_1(entity) emphasizes x_2(entity) by action x_{3(property of x1)}

lo se basna — emphasis (something emphasized).

mi pu basna lo nu lo nu ca'o gunka cu vajni vau lo ka cladu cusku — I emphasized the importance of continuing to work by saying it aloud."

basti — x_1(entity) is a replacement for x_2(entity) ; x₁ is instead of x₂

lo basti — replacement (object). lo se basti — something replaced.

ma ba basti do — Who will replace you?

Related words: se ba'i, binra"

batci — x_1(entity) bites or pinches x_2(entity)

lo se batci — bitten.

pa gerku pu batci mi re'o lo tuple — A dog bit me in the leg.

Related words: denci, jgalu, guska, citka"

batke — x_1(entity) is a button or knob on x_2(entity)

lo batke — button.

ra pu ru'e jgari pa batke be pa kosta pe vo'a — He was holding a button of his coat.

Related words: jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna"

bau [preposition] — in language ...

mi tavla bau la lojban — I talk in Lojban language.

Comment: in the clause where bau is used x₁ is user of the language, the clause itself describes what is expressed in this language."

bavlamdei — x_1(clause) is tomorrow, the day that follows the day x_2(clause)

lo bavlamdei — tomorrow, the day that follows.

ko klama ca lo bavlamdei — Come tomorrow!

ca lo bavlamdei be lo nu mi tsuku vau mi co'a ganse lo cizra — On the day following my arrival I started feeling something strange.

Related words: djedi, cabdei, prulamdei, cedra, ditcu"

bavmi — x_1(entity) is some barley of species x_2(taxon)

lo bavmi — barley.

lo bavmi cu ralju se cupra bu'u — Barley is the main product here.

Related words: gurni"

be — continues the verb by adding more nouns to it (by default starting from x₂) and prepositions

lo tixnu be mi cu melbi — My daughter is pretty.

Related words: bei"

be'e [vocative] — request to send/speak

be'e lo nobli do mulno xu — Pardon, Sir/Madam, are you finished?

be'e pendo — Hello, are you still there, friend?"

be'i [preposition from benji] — sent by ...

ti me lo se dunda ne be'i la kevin — This a present sent by Kevin."

be'o [terminator] — ends a construct started with: be, bei"

be'u [interjection suffix] — lack/need, be'u cu'i — presence/satisfaction, be'u nai — satiation

u'i be'u ko skicu lo drata lisri — Hehe, not that funny, tell me another story.

ui be'u cu'i do bevri re verba mlatu noi mi pu djica — Yay, you brought the two kittens whom I wanted.

u'i be'u nai ba'a mi ca farlu lo loldi — Ha-ha-ha, so funny, I can't laugh anymore, I might fall down to the floor now.

Related words: claxu, nitcu, mansa"

bebna — x_1(entity) is foolish, stupid in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo bebna — fool, stupid. lo se bebna — foolish action.

ko na bebna lo ka fe da ca'o cusku — Don't be silly in repeating the same.

Related words: fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba"

bei [middle separator] — separates nouns attached to verb with be — ends a construct started with: be"

bekpi — x_1(entity) is the back, dorsum, 'posterior' body-part of x_2(entity)

lo bekpi — back (of body).

lo bekpi be mi za'o se cortu — My back still hurts.

Comment: not necessarily at the back of body (determined by bilateral symmetry of the body).

Related words: trixe, cutne"

bemro — x_1(entity) is North American in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo bemro — North American.

mi nelci lo bemro tumla — I like North American lands.

Related words: merko, ketco"

bende — x_1(entity) is a team or crew of persons x_{2(entity group)} led by x_3(entity)

lo bende — team (crew). lo se bende — member of a team. lo te bende — leader of a team.

mi cmima pa bende be lo stati prenu bei la robin bei te fi'e lo ka tadni la lojban — I am a member of a team of smart people led by Robin and learning Lojban.

Related words: gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva"

benji — x_1(entity) transmits x_2(entity) to receiver x_3(entity) from origin x_4(entity) via x_5(entity)

lo benji — transmitter. lo te benji — transmission receiver. lo ve benji — origin of a transmission. lo xe benji — medium of transmission.

mi ba benji lo xatra do fu la internet fo lo skami pe lo mi zdani — I will send you a letter via the internet from my home computer.

pa gunka pu benji pa sinxa pa drata gunka lo galtu lo sance — A worker sent a sound signal to another worker from the above.

Comment: transmitter in English can denote both lo benji and lo xe benji.

Related words: muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, volta, cradi, tivni, preja, be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana"

bersa — x_1(entity) is a son of x_2(entity)

lo bersa — son. lo se bersa — parent of a son.

mi se bersa re da — I have two sons.

Related words: tixni, se rirni, verba, nanla, nakni, patfu, bruna"

berti — x_1(entity) is to the northern side of x_2(entity)

lo berti — northern.

za'u pa purdi be fi lo grute cu berti le tcadu — Fruit gardens are to the north of the city.

Related words: snanu, stici, stuna, farna"

besna — x_1(entity) is a brain of x_2(entity)

lo besna — brain.

ro remna da se besna — All humans have brains.

Related words: menli, stedu, rango, pensi"

betfu — x_1(entity) is a belly, abdomen, lower trunk of body x_2(entity)

lo betfu — abdomen, belly.

lo betfu be mi cu se cortu — My belly hurts.

Related words: cutne, livga, canti"

betka — x_1(entity) is a beet of variety x_2(taxon)

lo betka — beet.

ti na ciblu gi'e ja'a betka — It's not blood. It's beet.

Related words: stagi"

betri — x_{1(property of x2)} is a tragedy for x_2(entity)

lo betri — tragedy.

pu betri le nakni fa lo ka co'u se bersa pa da — It was a tragedy for him to lose his only son.

Related words: badri, xlali, morsi, binra"

bevri — x_1(entity) brings, transports, carries x_2(entity) to x_3(entity) from x_4(entity) by path x_5(entity)

lo bevri — carrier. lo se bevri — cargo.

mi pu bevri pa patxu be lo nudle fu'e ta'o fi pa purdi fo pa nu jukpa vau kumfa fu pa rokci dargu fu'o — I carried a bowl of noodles (to the garden from the kitchen via a rocky road).

la kevin pu bevri pa gerku lo zdani — Kevin brought a dog home.

mi pu bevri pa fonxa fo pa daski — I took the phone out of the pocket.

Comment: alternatively se ka'a can be used to specify where the thing is brought, te ka'a - from where it is brought, ve ka'a - via what path it is brought.

Related words: bevri, marce, muvdu, benji, klama"

bi [digit/number] — 8, eight

bi flora ca zvati le purdi — There are 9 pencils that I use."

bi'i [conjunction] — between ... and ...

mi sanli lo dinju bi'i lo rirxe — I am standing between a house and a river."

bi'o [conjunction] — between ... and ... (ordered)

mi gunka de'i li cy bi bi'o li cy pa ze — I work from 8 to 17 o'clock."

bi'u [interjection] — newly introduced information, bi'u nai — previously introduced information

lo bi'u nai nixli pu klama lo panka i bi'u le nixli ca tavla lo nanla bu'u le panka — That girl (mentioned earlier), she went to a park. What is new is that she is talking to a boy there.

Comment: the situation may be not new but that the noun marked with bi'u appears in it is new. bi'u introduces new objects, events facts, not just rephrases earlier facts.

Related words: cnino"

bidju — x_1(entity) is a bead, pebble

lo bidju — pebble, bead.

mu bidju pu zvati ti — There were five pebbles here.

Related words: bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo"

bifce — x_1(entity) is a bee or wasp of species x_2(taxon)

lo bifce — bee, wasp.

lo bifce cu vofli ne'a lo flora — Bees are flying near the flowers.

Related words: cinki, sfani, lakse"

bikla — x_1(entity) whips, lashes

lo bikla — whip.

lo carvi pu bikla ta'i lo ka janli pa canko — The rain whipped against the window.

Related words: skori, darxi"

bilga — x_1(entity) is obligated to do x_{2(property of x1)} by agreement x_{3(proposition)}

lo se bilga — obligation, duty.

mi bilga lo ka jai gau volta fai ti noi cukta vau ca lo cabdei vau pa pu se nupre be mi — I must return this book today fulfilling my earlier promise.

Related words: zifre, fuzme"

bilma — x_1(entity) is ill, sick with symptoms x_{2(property of x1)} from disease x_3(clause)

lo bilma — ill. lo se bilma — symptom of an illness. lo te bilma — disease.

ra pu terpa lo ka co'a bilma fi la zukam — She was afraid to catch a cold.

mi bilma lo ka cortu lo denci vau lo influ'enza — I've got the flu and my teeth hurt.

Related words: kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra"

binra — x_1(entity) insures x_2(entity) against threat x_3(clause) with benefit x_4(entity)

lo binra — insurer, underwriter. lo se binra — insured thing or person. lo ve binra — insurance compensation.

le kagni cu binra lo se esporte lo xrani lo ka pleji lo jdini — The company insures the sportsman against injuries by paying money as an insurance.

Related words: bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma"

binxo — x_1(entity) transforms into x_2(entity)

ba zi ku mi binxo lo gleki — Soon I will become happy.

do pu binxo lo lazni — You became lazy.

Comment: binxo describes that entity turns into another entity, galfi is to turn one entity into another one. cenba describes how entity changes its state while remaining the same entity, stika is to make entity change its state.

Related words: cenba, galfi, stika, zasni"

birje — x_1(entity) some beer brewed from x_2(entity)

lo birje — beer, ale.

ti birje lo badna — This is banana beer.

Related words: pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra"

birka — x_1(entity) is an arm of body x_2(entity)

lo birka — arm.

ra jai se torni pa birka be mi — She twisted my arm.

Related words: jimca, janco, xance, rebla"

birti — x_1(entity) is convinced that x_{2(proposition)} is true

lo birti — convinced, sure.

mi birti lo du'u do ba snada — I am sure you will succeed.

xu do mo'u jai gau birti fai loi rirni lo nu le nu litru na ckape — Have you persuaded your parents that the journey wouldn't be dangerous?

Related words: jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma"

bisli — x_1(entity) is some ice

lo bisli — ice.

au mi viska lo bisli cmana — I'd like to see ice mountains.

Related words: kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi"

bitmu — x_1(entity) is a wall of construct x_2(entity)

lo bitmu — fence, wall. lo se bitmu — building with walls.

lo bitmu be le purdi e le foldi cu rotsu — The fence between the garden and the field is thick.

pa me ti noi bitmu le malsi cu sinxa lo pu nu le gugde cu vlipa — One of these walls of the temple is a sign of the past power of the country.

Related words: jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme"

bitni — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) bits in size

lo se bitni — bit (data).

le vreji cu bitni lo kilto — The file is 1000 bit.

Related words: datni"

blabi — x_1(entity) is white

lo blabi — white.

lo denci be le fetsi pu blabi — Her teeth were white.

Related words: skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bakri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu"

blaci — x_1(entity) is some glass

lo blaci — glass (substance).

le kabri cu blaci — The cup is made of glass.

Related words: kabri"

blanu — x_1(entity) is blue

lo blanu — blue.

lo tsani cu blanu ca lo cabdei — The sky is blue today.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna"

blato — x_1(entity) is a cockroach, termite of species x_2(taxon)

lo blato — cockroach.

lo blato cu mipri lo nei ca lo donri — Cockroaches hide themselves during daytime.

Related words: cinki, civla, manti"

bliku — x_1(entity) is a block

lo bliku — block.

le dinju cu te zbasu lo rokci bliku — The house is built of stone blocks.

Related words: tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi"

blondine — x_1(entity) is blond, fair-haired

lo blondine — blond.

pa blondine nixli pu tsuku te zu'e lo ka penmi do — A girl with blond hair arrived to meet you.

Comment: blond is a color special to mammal and human hair.

Related words: brunete, kerfa"

bloti — x_1(entity) is a boat or ship for carrying x_2(entity)

lo bloti — boat. lo se bloti — cargo of a boat, passenger of a boat.

mi pu ca'o se bloti pa te falnu — I was a passenger on a sailboat.

Related words: falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu"

bo [1st meaning] — more tightly binds two parts inside a compound verb

mi pu penmi lo drata merko bo jbopre — I met another American Lojbanist.

ko catlu lo cmalu ractu kevna — Look at a hole of small rabbits.

ko catlu lo cmalu ractu bo kevna — Look at a rabbit hole that it small.

Related words: ke"

bo [2nd meaning] — placed after preposition to bind the sentence to the previous sentence

mi pu plipe i ja'e bo mi pu kuspe lo drudi — I jumped so that I reached the roof.

Related words: i"

bo [3rd meaning] — placed after preposition to bind constructs from both sides of a conjunction

la tom pu bilma gi'e ja'e bo pu na kakne lo ka klama — Tom was ill and that's why couldn't come.

mi e ba bo do klama lo nenri — First I, then you enter.

Related words: i"

boi — ends a string of numbers

mi pu citka ci boi ro moi jbari — I ate three last berries.

Comment: usually used to separate a number from the next number belonging to another construct."

bolci — x_1(entity) is a ball

lo bolci — ball, sphere.

le bolci pu gunro fe'e mo'u lo flu'ente — The ball rolled into the stream.

Related words: bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro"

bombila — x_1(entity) is a light bulb

lo bombila — light bulb.

le bombila cu spofu — The light bulb is broken.

Related words: minji, cabra, matra, tutci"

bongu — x_1(entity) is a bone of body part or body x_2(entity)

lo bongu — bone.

mi pu darxi lo mi bongu be lo tuple se pi'o pa grana — I hit my leg bone with a stick.

Related words: greku, denci, jirna, sarji"

boske — x_1(entity) is a forest with components x_2(taxon)

lo boske — forest, selva, jungles.

ti boske lo clani tricu jo'u lo kliti dertu — This is a forest of long trees and clay loams.

Related words: foldi, tricu, mudri, gumri, danlu"

botpi — x_1(entity) is a bottle for x_2(entity)

lo botpi — bottle, jar, flask. lo se botpi — contents of a bottle.

le botpi be lo birje cu blaci — Bottles of beer are made of glass.

Related words: baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri"

boxfo — x_1(entity) is a sheet

lo boxfo — sheet, blanket.

mi ba bevri pa boxfo do — I will bring you a blanket.

Related words: plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci"

boxna — x_1(entity) is a wave in x_2(entity)

lo boxna — wave.

da pu barda boxna le xamsi — There was a big wave in the sea.

Related words: slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, canre"

bradi — x_1(entity) is an enemy of x_2(entity) in struggle x_{3(property of x1 and x2)}

lo bradi — enemy. lo se bradi — someone who has an enemy. lo te bradi — struggle between enemies.

lo tance be mi mi bradi lo nu mi troci lo ka pilno le tance lo ka bacru lo lojbo valsi — My tongue is my enemy when I'm trying to use it to utter Lojban words.

Related words: damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga"

bramlatu — x_1(entity) is a big cat of species x_2(taxon)

lo bramlatu — tiger, lion, panther, leopard, cheetah.

ju'o cu'i lo bramlatu cu se zdani le tutra — Big cats may inhabit this area.

Related words: cinfo, mlatu"

bratu — x_1(entity) is hail

lo bratu — hail, sleet.

le bratu pu vlile — The hailstorm was violent.

Related words: carvi, snime, bisli, tcima"

brazo — x_1(entity) is Brazilian in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo brazo — Brazilian.

le finti cu brazo — The author is Brazilian.

Related words: porto, ketco"

bredi — x_1(entity) is ready for x_2(clause)

lo bredi — ready.

mi bredi lo ka cadzu ka'ai do — I am ready to walk with you.

Related words: spaji, jukpa"

bridi — x_1(text) is a clause with the main verb x_{2(property of nonce place, has places for ce'u referring to x3)} and having places x_{3(ordered entity group)}

lo bridi — grammatical clause. lo se bridi — main verb of a clause. lo te bridi — places of a grammatical clause.

lu ma nuzba li'u bridi — "What's up?" is a clause.

lu mi dunda ti do li'u bridi lo ka dunda vau mi ce'o ti ce'o do — "I give this to you" is a clause with the main verb "give" and sequential places "I","this","you".

lu mi prami do li'u bridi lo ka ce'u prami ce'u vau mi ce'o do — "I love you" is a clause with the main verb "someone loves someone" and sequential places "I","you".

Related words: sumti, fancu"

brife — x_1(entity) is wind from direction x_2(entity)

lo brife — wind. lo se brife — direction of a wind.

oi le brife be lo berti se la'u li du'e carmi — Oh, the northern wind is too strong.

Related words: tcima"

briju — x_1(entity) is an office or bureau of workers x_2(entity)

lo briju — office (bureau).

ti briju le mikce — This is the doctor's office.

Related words: jibri, gunka"

broda [verb] — predicate variable 1

mi pu klama cei broda le zarci i ba bo mi ze'a sipna i xu do ba broda — I went to the market, and then I slept. Will you go to the market?

Comment: can have any place structure.

Related words: bu'a"

brode [verb] — predicate variable 2

la alis mo'u citka cei brode pa plise i je la kevin cu brode — Alice has eaten up an apple. And Kevin ate an apple too.

Comment: can have any place structure.

Related words: bu'a, broda"

brodi [verb] — predicate variable 3

la alis cu zbasu cei brodi lo pixra i mi na brodi — Alice draw pictures. I don't.

Comment: can have any place structure.

Related words: bu'a, broda"

brodo [verb] — predicate variable 4

ma pu renro cei brodo le rokci i mu'a mi pu na brodo — Who threw the rock? For example, I didn't.

Comment: can have any place structure.

Related words: bu'a, broda"

brodu [verb] — predicate variable 5

ti gusta lo se nelci be mi cei brodu i ku'i lo mamta be mi ku ji'a cu zbasu lo brodu — This restaurant serves the food that I like. However, my mother as well makes the food that I like.

Comment: can have any place structure.

Related words: bu'a, broda"

bruna — x_1(entity) is a brother of x_2(entity) bonded by x_{3(property of x1 and x2)}

lo bruna — brother. lo se bruna — sibling of a brother.

do bruna mi lo ka se mamta — You are my brother since we are born from the same mother.

Related words: mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa"

brunete — x_1(entity) is a brunet/brunette, having brown or black hair

lo brunete — brunet.

doi la alis do te rai nelci lo blondine ji lo brunete — Alice, whom do you like more, blondes or brunets?

Related words: blondine, kerfa"

bu — turn noun or verb into letter pronoun

mi pilno la'e me'o vy bu vy bu vy bu — I use WWW.

la alis pu klama lo zarci i je ku'i mi na djuno lo du'u la alis pu te vecnu ma kau — Alice went to a store, but I don't know what A (Alice) bought there.

Comment: converts one word into a letter pronoun. From verbs: xy zei kantu bu (lujvo formed with zei). From nouns: vy. bu (it denotes the letter "w" and thus isn't the same as vy.), zo a bu, zoi ly.klama.ly. bu, lo'u klam le'u bu. The following sequences are not grammatical: bu bu, si bu, sa bu, su bu, zei bu, fa'o bu, zo bu, zoi bu, lo'u bu."

bu'a [verb] — there exists some relation: 1st verb of bu'a, bu'e, bu'i series

fau lo nu do djica lo nu bu'a cu bu'a gau ko — If there is something you want to happen, make it happen."

bu'e [verb] — there exists some relation: 2nd verb of bu'a, bu'e, bu'i series

pa bu'a pa bu'e pa bu'i zo'u lo nu bu'a ka'e se jalge lo nu bu'e ca lo nu bu'i — There is an event X, an event Y and event Z such that X can lead to Y during Z."

bu'i [verb] — there exists some relation: 3rd verb of bu'a, bu'e, bu'i series

pa bu'a pa bu'e pa bu'i zo'u lo nu bu'a ka'e se jalge lo nu bu'e ca lo nu bu'i — There is an event X, an event Y and event Z such that X can lead to Y during Z."

bu'o [interjection suffix] — shows the start of emotion, bu'o cu'i — shows the continuation of emotion, bu'o nai — shows the end of emotion

za'o ku do tsuku ui bu'o — At last you arrived, and I'm happy now!

ua nai bu'o cu'i la alis cu simsa fi lo ka na zvati — What's going on, Alice is also not present.

u'i bu'o nai mi di'a gunka — Enough laughing, I'm back to work."

bu'u [preposition of place] — at ... (some place)

mi xabju ze'a lo nanca be li ci lo bu'u dinju — I've been living for three years in this house.

le verba ca sipna bu'u le kumfa — The child is now sleeping in the room."

budjo — x_1(entity) is Buddhist in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo budjo — Buddhist.

xu do budjo — Are you a Buddhist?

Related words: latna, lijda"

bukpu — x_1(entity) is some cloth

lo bukpu — cloth.

le bukpu cu cpana le jubme — The cloth is on the table.

Related words: mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka"

bumru — x_1(entity) is covered by a fog or mist of liquid x_2(entity)

lo bumru — foggy. lo se bumru — fog, mist.

le xamsi cu bumru lo lenku dirgo — The sea is covered by a fog of cold drops.

Related words: djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci"

bunda — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) weight units in standard x_{3(property of x1)}

ti noi tanxe cu bunda li pa no lo ka ki'ogra — This box is 10 kilograms in weight.

Related words: grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu"

bunre — x_1(entity) is brown

lo bunre — brown.

le bunre gerku pu tolcri pa blabi ractu — The brown dog found a white rabbit.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi"

burcu — x_1(entity) is a brush for doing x_2(clause) with bristles x_3(entity)

lo burcu — brush. lo se burcu — purpose for a brush. lo te burcu — bristle of a brush.

ti burcu lo nu punji lo cinta vau lo cmalu — This is a brush for painting with small bristles.

Related words: kombitu, pinsi"

burna — x_1(entity) is flustered, disconcerted by x_2(clause)

lo burna — flustered. lo se burna — befuddling event.

xu do burna lo ka pilno la lojban — Are you disconcerted of using Lojban?

Related words: cinmo"

by [pronoun] — b (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like by is for the last lo bredi used."

ca [preposition of tense] — during ..., at ... (at time), simultaneousely with ... (in time), adverb: meanwhile, now, currently (expresses present tense)

loi rirni pu zvati lo barja i ca bo loi verba cu kansa no da bu'u lo zdani — The parents were in the bar; meanwhile the children were alone at home.

ko smaji ca lo nu mi tavla — Be quite while I'm talking.

ca lo ka cinmo lo ka kansa no da vau do ko'oi morji lo se gleki be mi'o mokca — When you feel lonely, remember the happy moments we had together."

ca'a [preposition of potential] — actually is ..., actually does ...

mi ca'a limna — I'm actually swimming.

la kevin ca ca'a jatna — Kevin is now acting as a captain.

Comment: describes demonstrated activity.

Related words: jarco, pu'i, fau"

ca'e [interjection] — I define

ca'e do zutse va — You sit there!

ca'e do klama ka'ai mi — You go with me!

ca'e lo se gunka cu mulno — The work is hereby done.

ca'e gusni — Let there be light!

Related words: jetnu"

ca'o [preposition of aspect] — progress of the event. be doing ... (someone or something), being ... (someone or something), already

le verba ca'o citka — The child is eating.

Comment: describes an event as progressing whether or not it is continuous (for which ru'i is to be used); progressive aspect."

ca'u [preposition of cardinal direction] — to the front of ..., between me and ...

lo snime cu mitre li pa ca'u lo do vorme — There is snow one meter thick in front of your door."

cabdei — x_1(clause) is today, the same day as x_2(clause)

lo cabdei — today.

lo cabdei cu detri li jy dy ze — Today is Sunday.

Related words: djedi, prulamdei, bavlamdei, cedra, ditcu"

cabna — x_1(clause) is current with x_2(clause) in time

lo cabna — current, concurrent, simultaneous.

lo xamgu fasnu cu cabna lo xlali fasnu — Good and bad events happen at the same time.

Related words: zvati, balvi, purci, ca, ca'a"

cabra — x_1(entity) is apparatus for function x_2(clause) controlled by agent x_3(entity)

lo cabra — apparatus. lo se cabra — function of an apparatus.

ti cabra lo ka zalvi lo gurni vau lo xance — This is a hand-controlled machine for grinding grain.

Comment: cabra is for devices controlled by external force, minji is for machines working automatically, zmiku is for robots in general.

Related words: tutci, minji, finti, girzu, ganzu, pilno"

cacra — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) hours in duration

lo cacra — hour-long event.

ca ku lo nicte cu cacra li mu — At this time, night is 5 hours long.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one hour in duration

Related words: junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci"

cadzu — x_1(entity) walks on surface x_2(entity) with limbs x₃

lo cadzu — walker.

mi pu ru'i cadzu lo srasu lo jamfu ca lo nu do tsuku — I was walking on the grass on foot when you arrived.

Related words: stapa, bajra, klama, litru"

cafne — x_1(clause) occurs frequently

lo cafne — frequent event.

banzu cafne fa lo nu mi vitke lo patfu be mi — It's quite often that I visit my father.

Related words: rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, so'i roi"

cagna — x_1(entity) is a wound on body x_2(entity) at locus x_3(entity) caused by x_4(clause)

lo cagna — wound.

ti cagna lo moklu be le nakni lo pu se zvati be pa denci lo nu lo mikce mo'u vimcu le denci — This is a wound in his mouth at the place where there was a tooth removed by a doctor.

Related words: xrani, bilma"

cai [right scaler] — critical, extreme intensity

oi cai — Ah, pain, I'm going to lose consciousness now!!!"

cakla — x_1(entity) is some chocolate or cocoa

lo cakla — chocolate.

mi nelci lo blabi cakla ne se mau lo manku cakla — I prefer white chocolate to dark chocolate.

Related words: ckafi"

calku — x_1(entity) is a shell or husk around x_2(entity)

lo calku — shell.

mi nitcu lo calku be lo stedu — I need a head helmet.

Related words: pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu"

canci — x_1(entity) vanishes from location x_2(entity)

do canci lo jvinu be fi mi — You disappeared from my view.

Related words: cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu"

cange — x_1(entity) is a farm or ranch at x_2(entity) farmed by x_3(entity) that raises or produces x_4(entity)

lo cange — farm. lo te cange — farmer. lo ve cange — farm production.

ti cange lo barda tumla lo mensi be mi lo vanjba — This is a farm covering a large parcel of land; it's kept by my sister and produces grapes.

Related words: purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju"

canja — x_1(entity) trades commodity x_{2(entity, property of x1)} for x_{3(entity, property of x4)} with x_4(entity)

lo canja — trader. lo se canja — commodity.

e'u mi canja lo bidju lo ka jarco lo tatru be do mi vau do — Let me give you these beads in exchange that you show me your breast.

Comment: jdima is for cost/price/value distinction.

Related words: dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle"

canko — x_1(entity) is a window or portal in wall or building x_2(entity)

lo canko — window. lo se canko — building with a window.

le canko be le karce cu kalri — The window in the car is open.

Related words: vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe"

canlu — x_1(entity) is a space or room occupied by x_2(entity)

lo canlu — space.

lo canlu be le purdi cu barda — The garden occupies a large space.

Related words: kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu"

canpa — x_1(entity) is a shovel or spade for doing x_2(clause)

lo canpa — shovel.

ti canpa lo nu kakpa lo dertu vau ji lo nu katna lo genja — Is this spade for digging ground or for cutting roots?

Related words: kakpa, guska, tutci"

canre — x_1(entity) is some sand or grit

lo canre — sand.

mi pu tolcri lo jamfu prina be lo canre — I found some footprints in the sand.

mi pu se nandu lo ka cadzu lo canre poi gunma lo cmalu rokci — It was hard for me to walk on the sand made of small stones.

Related words: bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna"

canti — x_1(entity) is the intestines or guts of x_2(entity)

lo canti — intestine, gut.

lo jurme co'a xabju lo canti be lo cifnu ba zi lo nu ri jbena — Bacteria colonize the intestines of a child soon after it is born.

Related words: betfu"

carce — x_1(entity) is a carriage or wagon with wheels for carrying x_2(entity)

lo carce — carriage. lo se carce — cargo of a carriage.

mi sazri pa carce be lo karce — I am driving a car transporter.

Comment: carce is designed to be with wheels, marce isn't and is more generic.

Related words: karce, xislu, marce, matra"

carmi — x_1(entity) is bright or intense in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo carmi — bright, intense.

ei do carmi lo ka tadni — You should study hard.

ti noi bombila cu carmi lo ka te gusni — This light bulb gives a bright light.

Related words: denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu"

carna — x_1(entity) turns or rotates around axis x_2(entity) in direction x_3(entity)

lo carna — rotating. lo se carna — axis of rotation. lo te carna — direction of rotation.

ko carna fe'e mo'u lo pritu — Turn right.

ko pritu carna — Turn right.

le xislu pu carna lo grana lo zunle ma'i lo galtu — The wheel was rotating around the rod counterclockwise when viewed from above.

Comment: in x₃ use lo pritu for clockwise movement and zunle for counterclockwise movement.

Related words: gunro, jendu"

cartu — x_1(entity) is a chart or diagram of x_2(entity) showing information x_{3(proposition)}

lo cartu — chart. lo se cartu — picture on a chart.

ti cartu pa fange tcadu lo dargu — This is a map showing roads of an alien city.

gau ko zgana fa mi lo cartu be lo nu'o se zvati be mi'o — Show me a map of a place where you and I haven't been.

Related words: platu"

carvi — x_1(entity) rains or showers to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo carvi — rain. lo te carvi — rain cloud.

ca ca'o carvi — It's raining.

lo snime pu carmi carvi le lalxu lo barda dilnu — It was snowing hard onto the lake from a large cloud.

Related words: bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru"

casnu — x_{1(entity group)} discuss x_2(entity)

lo casnu — debaters. lo se casnu — topic of a discussion.

le fetsi jo'u mi pu casnu pa arte — She and I discussed a piece of art.

Comment: do jo'u mi casnu means You and I discuss with each other, la alis jo'u do jo'u bo mi casnu means Alices discusses with us (you and me) (not necessarily that you and I discuss it), do e mi casnu means You discuss, I discuss (not necessarily with each other, each of us might be discussing with different people).

Related words: bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla"

catke — x_1(entity) shoves or pushes x_2(entity)

ko catke la'e me'o so pa pa — Dial 911!

le nixli pu catke le nanla re'o lo stedu be ri — The girl pushed the boy on his head.

Comment: danre is for non-agentive force.

Related words: danre, darxi, lacpu"

catlu — x_1(entity) looks at x_2(entity)

ko catlu mi — Look at me.

Related words: jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska"

catni — x_1(entity) has authority over matter x_{2(property of x1)} on the basis of x_{3(property of x2)}

lo catni — someone with authority.

mi co'a catni lo ka te cange ti vau lo ka te permite mi lo patfu be mi — The authority to be a farmer on this land has been given to me by my father.

Related words: turni, tutra, krati, jaspu, pulji"

catra — x_1(entity) kills x_2(entity)

lo catra — killer. lo se catra — killed.

le nakni cu kakne lo ka se pi'o pa rokci catra re cipni — He can kill two birds with one stone.

Related words: morsi, xarci"

cau [preposition from claxu] — lacked by ..."

caucni — x_1(entity) misses, feels the lack of x_2(entity)

mi caucni do — I miss you.

Related words: claxu, cinmo, badri, klaku, gleki, betri"

caxno — x_1(entity) is shallow in direction x_2(entity) away from reference point x_3(entity)

lo caxno — shallow.

ti noi lalxu cu caxno lo ka tsuku lo loldi be ce'u vau lo sefta — This lake is shallow in reaching the bottom from the surface.

Related words: condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa"

ce'i [digit/number] — '%' (percentage symbol), hundredths

ji'i mu no ce'i lo remna cu ninmu — Approximately 50% of humans are women."

ce'o [conjunction] — and then ... (forms ordered sequence)

li pa ce'o li re ce'o li ci cu porsi — 1,2,3 is a sequence.

Comment: joins nouns to create a new noun of ordered group type.

Related words: ce, je, e"

ce'u [pronoun] — inside an abstraction of a verb ce'u refers to another place of that verb

mi nitcu lo ka da tavla ce'u — I need someone to talk to me.

Comment: definitions of verbs show which place ce'u refers to. If not explicitly stated then ce'u refers to the first place of the verb. To refer to the head of a relative clause use ke'a."

cecla — x_1(entity) launches projectile or missile x_2(entity) ; x₁ is a gun

lo cecla — gun. lo se cecla — missile.

ti cecla lo fagri — This is a fire gun.

Related words: renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja"

cecmu — x_1(entity) is a community or colony of organisms x_{2(entity group)}

lo cecmu — community. lo se cecmu — member of a community.

pa cecmu be lo cipni mo'u muvdu lo bu'u tcadu — A colony of birds moved to this city.

Related words: bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu"

cedra — x_1(clause) is an era or age characterized by x_2(clause)

lo cedra — era.

lo cabna cu cedra lo nu pilno lo skami — These days are the era of using computers.

Related words: ranji, temci, citsi"

cei — that will from now on be called ... (main verb follows)

mi ba klama cei broda lo zarci i au do broda — I will go to the store. I'd like you go there too.

Comment: cei copies the whole main verb with all its places that can later be filled with another nouns."

cenba — x_1(entity) varies in x_{2(property of x1)} in amount x_3(entity)

lo cenba — variable.

do cenba lo ka ma kau se cpedu vau lo barda — Your demands vary to much degree.

Comment: binxo describes that entity turns into another entity, galfi is to turn one entity into another one. cenba describes how entity changes its state while remaining the same entity, stika is to make entity change its state.

Related words: cenba, galfi, stika, stodi, zasni, binxo"

censa — x_1(entity) is holy or sacred to x_2(entity)

lo censa — holy.

lo bu'u tcadu cu censa ro prenu pe vi — This city is holy to all people here.

Related words: cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma"

centero — x_1(entity) is in the center of x_2(entity)

lo centero — center.

ti noi tcadu cu centero le gugde — This city is in the center of the country.

Comment: lo midju is center point, lo centero is central subset (of a set or territory), lo kernelo is core.

Related words: xadba"

centi — x_1(entity) is a hundredth of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo centi — 1/100_.

le insekto cu centi be lo mitre lo ka clani — The insect is 1 centimeter long.

Related words: grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu, litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro"

cerda — x_1(entity) inherits x_{2(property of x1 and x3)} from x_3(entity) according to rule x_{4(proposition)}

lo cerda — inheritor, heir. lo se cerda — inherited, heritage.

mi cerda le dinju lo patfu be mi lo se djica be ri — I inherited the house from my father according to his will.

Related words: jgina"

cermurse — x_1(entity) happens at the dawn of day x_2(entity)

lo cermurse — dawn.

mi ba klama lo boske ca lo cermurse be lo bavlamdei — I will go to forest tomorrow at dawn.

Related words: cerni, kandi, vanci"

cerni — x_1(entity) happens in the morning of day x_2(entity)

lo cerni — morning.

cerni coi — Good morning!

ti cerni pa cnino djedi — It is the morning of a new day.

Related words: vanci, cermurse, vacmurse, tcika"

certu — x_1(entity) is skilled at x_{2(property of x1)}

lo certu — expert. lo se certu — field of expertise.

fau ei ro da mi se zu'e se marvele lo nu le prenu se la'u li xo kau certu lo ka limna — I cannot but wonder at his skill in swimming.

Related words: djuno, stati, kakne"

cevni — x_1(entity) is a god of people or religion x_2(entity) with dominion over x_{3(property of x1)}

lo cevni — god.

do cevni mi lo nu carvi — You are a god of rain for me.

Related words: censa, krici, lijda, malsi"

cfari — x_1(clause) commences, begins, or starts

lo cfari — beginning, start.

de'i li cy xo lo se tigni cu cfari — At what time does the performance begin?

Related words: sisti, krasi, fanmo, incipe, ultime, mulno"

cfika — x_1(entity) is a work of fiction about plot or theme x_2(entity)

lo cfika — work of fiction. lo se cfika — plot of a work of fiction.

la'e lu la lunra cu kusru turni li'u cfika lo logji bangu — 'The Moon is a harsh mistress' is a fiction about logical languages.

Related words: cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri"

cfila — x_{1(property of x2)} is a flaw or defect in x_2(entity) causing x_3(clause)

lo cfila — flaw. lo se cfila — flawed.

mi se cfila lo nu lo drata cu xanka — I have my faults making other nervous.

Related words: cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane"

cfine — x_1(entity) is a wedge

lo cfine — wedge.

mi pu setca pa cfine lo loldi te zu'e lo nu le vorme co'a kalri — I drove a wedge into the floor so that the door was open.

Related words: tutci"

cfipu — x_1(clause) confuses, baffles observer x_2(entity)

lo cfipu — confusing. lo se cfipu — confused, baffled.

zo zabna jai cfipu mi fai lo ka se smuni — To me zabna is confusing in meaning.

do je'a xu se cfipu lo ka cuxna lo ka zukte ma kau — Are you really confused of deciding what to do?

Related words: pluja, senpi, zunti"

ci [digit/number] — 3, three

ci delfinu ca limna ne'a lo korbi — There are three dolphins swimming near the shore."

ci'angulo — x_1(entity) is a triangle

lo ci'angulo — triangle.

ma se sinxa ti noi ci'angulo — What does this triangle signify?"

ci'e [preposition from ciste] — in system/context ...

ci'e la internet lo vrici prenu ka'e jikca zu'ai — In the system of the internet, various people can socialize with each other."

ci'i [digit/number] — infinite number

ci'i da te cuxna — There is an infinite number of possibilities.

ci'i da te cuxna fi pa prenu i je ci'i re da te cuxna fi re prenu — There is an infinite number of possibilities for one man, and twice as many for two men.

Comment: when followed by digits denotes aleph cardinality."

ciblu — x_1(entity) is blood of organism x_2(entity)

lo ciblu — blood.

lo ciblu be mi cu klesi li a bu ma'u bu — My blood type is A positive.

Related words: risna, flu'ente"

cicna — x_1(entity) is torquoise or cyan

lo cicna — cyan (color).

lo vanci tsani co'a cicna — The evening sky became turquoise.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu"

cidja — x_1(entity) is food or nutriment for x_2(entity)

lo cidja — food.

lo rectu na cidja lo xirma — Meat is not a food for horses.

mi nelci lo jungo cidja — I like Chinese food.

Related words: citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina"

cidni — x_1(entity) is a knee, elbow, or other hinged joint of limb x_2(entity)

lo cidni — knee, elbow.

lo cidni be lo tuple be mi cu se xrani — My knee is injured.

Related words: korcu, jarco, jganu"

cidro — x_1(entity) is a quantity of hydrogen

lo cidro — hydrogen.

lo cidro cu traji linto se ratni — Hydrogen is the lightest element.

Related words: gapci, xukmi"

cifnu — x_1(entity) is a baby, young living being of species x_2(taxon)

lo cifnu — baby, young living being, infant.

xu le cifnu xa'o jimpe lo lojbo se smusku — Does the infant understand Lojban yet?

Related words: makcu, verba, citno, panzi"

cigla — x_1(entity) is a gland secreting x_2(entity) in body x_3(entity)

lo cigla — gland. lo se cigla — secretion of a gland.

ti cigla lo xasne lo remna — This human gland secrets sweat.

Related words: vikmi, xasne"

cikna — x_1(entity) is awake

lo cikna — someone awake.

xu su'o do cikna — Is any of you awake?

mi pu co'a clira cikna — I got up early.

ko jai gau cikna fai mi de'i li cy bi — Wake me up at 8.

Related words: sanji, sipna, tatpi"

cikre — x_1(entity) repairs or mends x_2(entity) for use x_{3(property of x2)}

lo cikre — repairer. lo se cikre — repaired.

mi cikre le spofu stizu lo ka ka'e se zutse — I repair the chair so that one can sit on it.

Related words: cfila, spofu"

ciksi — x_1(entity) explains x_{2(proposition)} to x_3(entity) with explanation x_{4(proposition)}

lo ciksi — expounder. lo ve ciksi — explanation.

mi pu ciksi fi le ctuca fe lo nu mi na zvati le nu penmi vau fo lo nu mi na pu djuno lo du'u sarcu fa lo nu mi zvati nu bu — I explained to the teacher my absence at the meeting that I didn't know that I should've been there.

Related words: cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, mukti, nabmi, retsku, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla"

cilce — x_1(entity) is wild or untamed

lo cilce — wild.

ti noi foldi cu cilce — This field is untamed.

ra sazri pa cilce xirma — He rides an untamed horse.

Related words: pinfu, panpi, tarti"

cilmo — x_1(entity) is moist or damp with liquid x_2(entity)

lo cilmo — damp, moist, wet.

ko lumci le canko se pi'o lo cilmo bukpu — Clean the window with a damp cloth.

Related words: litki, lunsa, sudga"

cilre — x_1(entity) learns some fact or information x_{2(proposition)} about x_3(entity)

lo cilre — learner. lo se cilre — learned.

mi cilre fi la lojban — I learn Lojban.

mi pu cilre lo du'u lo remna na smani — I learnt that humans are not monkeys.

mi tcidu mu'i lo ka cilre — I read in order to learn.

Related words: ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule"

cilta — x_1(entity) is a thread, wire, filament

lo cilta — thread (cord), cord.

mi pu katna le cilta ci da — I cut the wire into three pieces.

Comment: unlike skori doesnt describe the object as consisting of more than one filament.

Related words: fenso, nivji, skori, silka"

cimde — x_1(entity) is a dimension of space or object x_2(entity) according to rule or model x_{3(property of x2)}

lo cimde — dimension.

lo mitre be li re cu cimde le kumfa lo ka clani — Two meters is the dimension of the room in length.

Related words: morna, ckilu, merli, manri"

cimni — x_1(entity) in infinite in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo cimni — infinite.

si'au le nu penmi cu cimni lo ka se ditcu — It seems to me, the meeting will never end.

le munje cu cimni lo ka se canlu — The world is infinite in space.

Related words: vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti"

cinba — x_1(entity) kisses x_2(entity)

lo se cinba — kissed.

mi pu cinba le fetsi re'o pa kerlo — I kissed her in the ear.

Related words: ctebi"

cindu — x_1(entity) is an oak of species x_2(taxon)

lo cindu — oak.

xu da cindu bu'u le cmana — Are there oak trees on the mountain?

Related words: tricu"

cinfo — x_1(entity) is a lion of species x_2(taxon)

lo cinfo — lion.

mi pu se spaji lo ka viska lo cinfo — I was surprised to see a lion.

Related words: bramlatu, mlatu"

cinje — x_1(entity) is a wrinkle in x_2(entity)

lo cinje — wrinkle. lo se cinje — wrinkled.

da cinje lo bukpu — There are creases in the cloth.

gau ko ri xutla — Smooth out it.

Related words: korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna"

cinki — x_1(entity) is an arthropod of species x_2(taxon)

lo cinki — arthropod.

lo insekto cu cinki — Insects are arthropods.

Related words: insekto, civla, danlu, blato, ankabuta, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce"

cinla — x_1(entity) is thin in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)}

lo cinla — thin.

le ninmu cu cinla lo ka se tuple — The woman has thin legs.

Comment: the third largest dimension. tordu, jarki and cinla specify the three dimensions of objects.

Related words: rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki"

cinmo — x_1(entity) feels emotion x_{2(property of x1)} about x_3(entity)

lo cinmo — emotional (live being). lo se cinmo — emotion, feeling (impression).

mi cinmo lo ka gleki vau lo nu mi'o simxu tavla bau la lojban — I feel happy that we talk in Lojban.

Related words: cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, marvele, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki"

cinri — x_1(clause) interests observer x_2(entity)

lo cinri — interesting. lo se cinri — interested.

ma se cinri lo nu ca ma kau le fetsi co'a speni — Who cares when she gets married?

mi se cinri lo nu xu kau sarcu fa lo nu mi cusku fi la alis fe lo se du'u mi pu zi zukte ma kau — I wonder if I should tell Alice what I just did.

Related words: zdile, kucli, marvele, kurji"

cinta — x_1(entity) is some paint of substance x_2(entity) in a base of x_3(entity)

lo cinta — paint (coloring substance). lo se cinta — pigment of a paint. lo te cinta — paint base.

mi pu punji lo cinta be lo kliti bei lo sovda le bitmu — I put an oil paint (with clay as a pigment) on to the wall.

Comment: lo te cinta (paint base) is the part of the paint that is not a lo se cinta (pigment).

Related words: pixra, skari"

cintura — x_1(entity) is a waist of body x_2(entity)

lo cintura — waist (of body).

lo cintura be do cu klani ma lo ka clani — What is the length of your waist?

Related words: xadni, cutne, midju, cinla, rotsu"

cinza — x_1(entity) is a pincer, pair of chopsticks, tongs, pliers for doing x_{2(property of x3)} to x_3(entity)

lo cinza — tongs.

ko jgari lo cinza be lo nu jukpa bei lo glare — Take chopsticks for cooking hot food.

Related words: tutci"

cipni — x_1(entity) is a bird of species x_2(taxon)

lo cipni — bird.

le pa cipni ca'o vofli — The bird is flying.

Related words: datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu"

cipra — x_1(clause) is a test, act of examination, study of x_2(entity)

lo cipra — study, test (act of examination). lo se cipra — tested.

lo nu catlu lo kanla be do cu cipra lo nu do stace se la'u li xo kau — To look into your eyes is a test of your sincerity.

mi pu gasnu lo cipra be tu'a le karce — I tested the car.

ba zi ku mi jai se cipra — I will have a test soon.

Related words: ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske"

cirko — x_1(entity) loses x_{2(property of x1)} at x_{3(entity, property of x1)}

lo cirko — loser. lo se cirko — lost, not in possesion.

mi cirko lo ka kakne lo ka sazri lo xirma vau lo ka xabju lo tcadu — I lost my ability to ride a horse while living in the city.

Related words: facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri"

cirkulo — x_1(entity) is a circle

lo cirkulo — circle.

mi pu ciska pa cirkulo — I drew a circle.

Related words: cukla, djine"

cirla — x_1(entity) is some cheese

lo cirla — cheese.

xu do djica tu'a lo cirla — Would you like cheese?

Related words: ladru"

ciska — x_1(entity) writes x_2(text) on medium x_3(entity)

lo ciska — writer. lo se ciska — written text. lo te ciska — writing medium.

mi ba ciska lu coi munje li'u lo pelji — I will write "Hello, world!" on the paper.

Comment: for 'author' or specific authorial works use finti.

Related words: papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, pixra, prina, finti, barna, pinka"

cisma — x_1(entity) smiles

se ja'e ma do cisma — Why are you smiling?

Related words: xajmi, cmila, frumu"

ciste — x_1(entity) is a system with structure x_2(entity)

lo ciste — system. lo se ciste — structure of a system.

lo kibro cu ciste lo se tcana be lo skami poi se pi'o ce'u lo prenu cu jikca — The internet is a system with computer nodes, using which people communicate.

Related words: ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana"

citka — x_1(entity) eats x_2(entity)

lo citka — eater. lo se citka — eaten.

mi mo'u citka pa badna e re mango — I've eaten a banana and two mangoes.

Related words: cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, kabri"

citno — x_1(entity) is young in that it has x_{2(property of x1)}

lo citno — young.

le nixli cu citno lo ka lifri lo xo kau mei — The girl is young in how much she experienced.

Related words: laldo, cnino, slabu, verba"

citri — x_1(entity) is a history of x_2(entity) according to x_3(entity)

lo citri — history. lo se citri — having a history.

mi tadni lo citri be le kagni bei lo cnino lanli — I'm studying the history of the company according to new analysts.

Related words: muzga, purci"

citsi — x_1(entity) is a season defined by x_2(clause) of year x_{3(entity, number)}

lo citsi — season.

ca citsi lo nu carvi vau lo pa no no mu moi — Now it's the season of rains of year 2005.

vi ku lo dunra cu citsi lo nu lenku — Here, winter is a cold season.

Related words: cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena"

civla — x_1(entity) is a flea or louse of species x_2(taxon) parasitic on x_3(entity)

lo civla — flea, louse.

xu lo civla be fi lo gerku cu ckape lo remna — Are dog louses dangerous to humans?

Related words: insekto, cinki, blato"

cizra — x_1(entity) is strange to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo cizra — strange.

le valsi cu cizra mi lo ka se smuni — The word is strange to me in meaning.

cizra fa lo nu la tom na zvati — It's strange that Tom is not present.

Related words: ranxi, rirci, fange, banli"

ckabu — x_1(entity) is some rubber

lo ckabu — rubber.

lo bolci poi ckabu cu plipe ri'a lo ka pruni — A rubber ball jumps because it is elastic.

Related words: pruni"

ckafi — x_1(entity) is some coffee

lo ckafi — coffee.

do pinxe lo ckafi ji lo tcati — Will you drink coffee or tea?

Related words: tcati, barja, cakla"

ckaji — x_1(entity) is characterized by x_{2(property of x1)}

lo se ckaji — property.

le prenu na simlu gi'e ku'i ja'a ckaji vau lo ka ninmu — The person doesn't look like a woman but she is.

lo ka masno bacru cu se ckaji ta noi nanmu — Slow speech is the characteristic of that man.

Related words: kai, tcaci, tcini"

ckana — x_1(entity) is a bed

lo ckana — bed.

au mi vreta lo ckana — I want to lie down in bed.

Related words: kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji"

ckape — x_1(clause) is dangerous to x_2(clause)

lo ckape — dangerous. lo se ckape — threatened.

ka'e ckape lo nu do kanro vau fa lo nu do zukte lo se stidi be la kevin — It can be dangerous for your health to do what Kevin suggested.

do jai se ckape fai lo ka co'a bilma — You are at risk of getting ill.

Related words: te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, se snura, se xalni"

ckasu — x_1(entity) mocks at x_2(entity) about x_{3(property of x2)} by doing x_{4(property of x1)}

pa pendo pu ckasu mi lo ka cadzu tai ma kau vau lo ka cusku lo mabla — A friend mocked at the manner I walk by saying bad words.

Related words: cmila"

ckeji — x_1(entity) feels ashamed, mortified about x_2(clause) before audience x_3(entity)

lo ckeji — ashamed. lo se ckeji — shameful event.

lo mamta be mi pu ckeji lo nu mi tarti ma kau vau loi prenu — My mother was ashamed in front of the crowd of my conduct.

Related words: cinmo"

ckiku — x_1(entity) is a key fitting lock x_2(entity)

lo ckiku — key (of a lock). lo se ckiku — lock (of a key).

i ti ckiku lo xunre vorme i ma ckiku lo jaspu be do — What is the password to your account?

mi mo'u cirko lo pe mi ckiku — I lost my keys.

Comment: x₂ can describe doors in the sense of entities that lock access.

Related words: stela"

ckilu — x_{1(property of nonce place with kau)} is a scale of units for measuring x_{2(property of nonce place with kau)}

lo ckilu — scale.

lo ka mitre ma kau cu ckilu lo ka te sepli ma kau ma kau — Metric scale measures the distance between two points.

Related words: gradu, merli, cimde, manri"

ckini — x_1(entity) is related to x_2(entity) by relationship x_{3(relation between x1 and x2, contains two places for ce'u)}

lo ckini — related. lo te ckini — relationship.

mi na jimpe lo te ckini be le panci bei lo se vecnu be fi do — I don't understand the relation between the smell and your purchases.

ti'e le sance cu ckini lo barda mabru lo ka ce'u cupra ce'u fau lo nu ri pagre ti — They say the sound is related to a large mammal that produces it while passing here.

lo nu da'i mi pu zvati la nipon cu ckini fi no da — The fact that I was in Japan is totally irrelevant.

Related words: ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe, fange"

ckire — x_1(entity) is grateful or thankful to x_2(entity) for x_{3(property of x2)}

lo ckire — thankful. lo te ckire — reason for gratitude.

mi ckire do le ka sidju mi — Thank you for helping me.

ckire fi lo balvi — Thanks in advance.

Related words: cinmo, friti, pluka"

ckule — x_1(entity) is a school serving at area x_2(entity), teaching x_{3(proposition)} to x_4(entity)

lo ckule — school. lo te ckule — subject taught in a school. lo ve ckule — pupil of a school.

ti ckule lo bu'u gugde lo ve mikce lo citno tadni — This is a medical school serving in this area teaching therapy methods to young students.

mi ve ckule fi lo ralju — I'm in primary school.

Related words: cilre, ctuca, tadni"

ckunu — x_1(entity) is a conifer of species x_2(taxon)

lo ckunu — conifer.

xu lo tsiju be ti noi ckunu cu kukte — Are pine nuts of this conifer tasty?

Related words: tricu"

cladu — x_1(entity) is loud at observation point x_2(entity)

lo cladu — loud (producing loud sound). lo se cladu — loud place.

lo zgike cu cladu lo bu'u kumfa ku ji'a — The music is loud even when you are in this room.

Related words: tolycladu, sance, savru"

clani — x_1(entity) is long in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)}

lo clani — long.

i la tom cu clani lo ka sraji — Tom is tall.

le cmana cu clani — The mountain is high.

le nu penmi pu clani lo ka se ditcu — The meeting was long.

clani lo ka mitre li re — The length is two meters.

Comment: the first largest dimension. ganra, rotsu and clani specify the three dimensions of objects. clani can be used to describe 'tall' or 'high' (in the sense of vertical length). For lengthy time intervals barda is also used (choice depends on personal philosophy of the speaker).

Related words: slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu"

claxu — x_1(entity) lacks x_{2(entity, property of x1)}

lo claxu — deficient.

mi claxu lo ka djica lo ka citka — I lack the desire to eat.

si'au do claxu lo ka cinmo da — Looks like you lack any emotions.

mi claxu su'o penbi — I don't have a pen.

Related words: cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu"

clika — x_1(entity) is lichen or moss of species x_2(taxon) growing on x_3(entity)

lo clika — moss.

ti clika fi lo rokci — This is moss growing on rocks.

Related words: mledi"

clira — x_1(clause) is early by standard x_{2(proposition)}

lo clira — early event.

lo nu la alis pu cliva le briju cu clira lo sruma be mi — Alice leaving the office was early according to my assumption.

Related words: lerci"

clite — x_1(entity) is polite in matter x_{2(property of x1) (clause)}

lo clite — polite. lo se clite — polite behaviour.

do pu na clite lo ka cusku lo se du'u le ctuca na drani — You wasn't polite in saying that the teacher isn't right.

Related words: ritli"

cliva — x_1(entity) leaves x_{2(entity, property of x1)} via x_3(entity)

ra pu cliva le kumfa pa canko — He left the room via a window.

Related words: litru, canci, vimcu, lebna, muvdu"

clupa — x_1(entity) is a loop of material x_2(entity)

lo clupa — loop.

ko jai se torni le skori ja'e lo nu ri clupa — Twist the rope into a loop.

Related words: djine"

cmaci — x_{1(proposition)} is mathematics describing x_2(entity)

lo cmaci — mathematics. lo se cmaci — field of mathematics.

mi tadni lo cmaci be lo klani — I study arithmetic (mathematics of quantity).

Related words: mekso"

cmalu — x_1(entity) is small in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)}

lo cmalu — small.

lo nu penmi ba cmalu lo ka ditcu — The meeting will be short in duration.

le cukta cu cmalu lo ka jai vajni — The book is of little importance.

Related words: caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda"

cmana — x_1(entity) is a mountain projecting from land-mass x_2(entity)

lo cmana — mountain. lo se cmana — land mass with a mountain.

so'i da cmana lo bu'u tumla — This land has a lot of mountains.

Related words: punli, derxi"

cmavo — x_1(text) is a grammatical particle of class x_2(text)

lo cmavo — grammatical particle. lo se cmavo — selma'o.

zo ka cmavo ma'oi nu — ka is a grammatical particle of class "NU" (clause prefix)

Comment: Usually ma'oi is used in x₂ to quote the name of selma'o (class of particles).

Related words: gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi"

cmene — x_1(text) is the name for x_2(entity) used by x_3(entity)

lo cmene — name. lo te cmene — namegiver.

ma jetnu cmene do — What is your real name?

mi se cmene zo gleki — My name is Gleki.

lo bruna be mi cu te cmene mi zo ractu — My brother calls me "Rabbit"

Comment: the first place of cmene requires a quote using e.g. zo or lu ... li'u.

Related words: gismu, tcita, valsi, judri"

cmevla — x_1(text) is a cmevla (Lojban word ending in a consonant)

lo cmevla — cmevla.

zo lojban cmevla — "Lojban" is cmevla.

Related words: selbrivla, gismu, zi'evla, cmavo, cmene"

cmila — x_1(entity) laughs

ra pu co'a cmila — She started laughing.

Related words: ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma"

cmima — x_1(entity) is a member of set x_2(entity)

lo cmima — member. lo se cmima — set.

mi cmima pa kamni pe le gugde — I am a member of a state committee.

Comment: x₁ describes members of a set. To specify all members of a set use gunma.

Related words: ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, mei, kampu, lanzu, liste"

cmoni — x_1(entity) howls, utters, moans x_2(sound) expressing x_{3(property of x1)}

lo cmoni — moaner.

i le prenu pu cmoni zo a lo ka gleki — The person uttered "A!" expressing his happiness.

Comment: cmoni describes emotional utterances. For uttering text use bacru, for shouting text use krixa.

Related words: krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu"

cnano — x_1(entity) is normal in x_{2(property of x1)} among x_{3(same type as x1)}

lo cnano — norm.

lo ki'ogra be li ci cu cnano lo ka se junta vau lo ca zi jbena — 3 kilograms is a normal weight of newborns.

Comment: cnano is the generalized opposite to any/all of these concepts: cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu.

Related words: tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci"

cnebo — x_1(entity) is a neck of body x_2(entity)

lo cnebo — neck.

lo cnebo be lo za'u vi ninmu cu clani — These women have long necks.

Related words: galxe, cutne"

cnemu — x_1(entity) rewards x_2(entity) for atypical x_{3(property of x2)} with x_{4(entity, property of x1)}

lo cnemu — rewarder. lo se cnemu — rewardee. lo te cnemu — reason for a reward. lo ve cnemu — reward.

mi pu cnemu le gerku lo ka bevri lo grana lo ka dunda lo sakta le gerku — I rewarded the dog for bringing the stick by giving it sugar.

Related words: dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma"

cnici — x_1(entity) is neat or orderly in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo cnici — neat.

le kerfa cu cnici lo ka se ganzu fi lo carmi — The hair is neat in being organized into a shining part.

Related words: cunso, kalsa"

cnino — x_1(entity) is new to observer x_2(entity) in property x_{3(property of x1)}

lo cnino — new.

lo pendo be mi co'a cnino mi lo ka kakne lo ka zgipli lo pipno — My friend appeared new to me in being able to play the piano.

cnino fa no cnita be le lunra — Nothing is new under the Moon (saying).

Related words: nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno"

cnisa — x_1(entity) is some quantity of lead metal

lo cnisa — lead (metal).

ra pu troci lo ka zbasu lo solji lo cnisa — He tried to make gold out of lead.

Related words: jinme, tinci"

cnita — x_1(entity) is directly beneath, directly below x_2(entity)

lo cnita — what is beneath. lo se cnita — what is above.

le pelji cu cnita le cukta — The paper is below the book.

Related words: dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi"

co — inverts the order of parts of compound verb

lu lo ractu co melbi li'u du lu lo melbi ractu li'u — "The pretty bunny" is the same as "bunny, the pretty"."

co'a [preposition of aspect] — at the start of the event (inchoative aspect)

pu co'a ru'i carvi — It started raining.

le plise co'a fusra — The apple has begun to decay.

co'a pelxu — It's turning yellow."

co'e [verb] — main verb unspecified or known from context

mu'i ma do co'e mi — Why are you doing this to me?

za'o co'e — It's going on for too long.

ei do troci lo ka co'e bu'u lo drata — You should try it somewhere else."

co'i [preposition of aspect] — aspect treating the whole event without internal structure (perfective aspect), co'i nai — aspect treating the whole event as having internal structure (imperfective aspect)

mi pu co'i nai citka lo mango ca lo nu ra co'i klama lo nenri — I was eating a mango when she entered."

co'o [vocative] — Goodbye! Bye!

co'o lo mi tumla — Goodbye, my land!

co'o ro do — Goodbye to all of you!"

co'oi [vocative] — Ciao! (hello! or goodbye! depending on context)

co'oi lo mi pendo — Ciao, my friend!

Related words: a'oi, coi, co'o, rinsa"

co'u [preposition of aspect] — quitting, stopping even if before the expected end (cessative aspect)

u'a nai mi pu co'u pinxe lo stasu — I haven't eaten up soup."

coi [vocative] — Hello! Hi!

coi le munje — Hello, world!"

cokcu — x_1(entity) soaks up x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) into x_4(entity)

lo cokcu — absorber. lo se cokcu — absorbed.

le verba cu cokcu lo ladru lo tatru lo moklu — Children suck up milk from breast into the mouth.

Related words: panje, sakci, lacpu"

condi — x_1(entity) is deep in x_{2(property of x1)} away from reference point x_3(entity)

lo condi — deep.

ti noi xamsi cu condi lo ka tsuku lo loldi be ce'u vau lo sefta — This sea is deep in reaching the bottom from the surface.

e'o do bevri pa condi kabri — Please, bring a deep glass.

Related words: clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, minli"

cortu — x_1(entity) feels pain at x_2(entity)

lo cortu — who feels pain. lo se cortu — location of pain.

mi cortu lo xance — My hand hurts.

mi cortu lo galxe be mi — I have a sore throat.

Comment: often the second place of x₂ is the same as x₁.

Related words: cinmo, xrani"

cpacu — x_1(entity) acquires or gets x_{2(entity, property of x1)} from x_3(entity)

lo se cpacu — acquired.

mi ba cpacu lo grute mi — I'll get fruits for myself.

mi ne lo xance pu te cpacu fi la kevin fe lo dakfu — I handed Kevin a knife.

Related words: punji, lebna, vimcu"

cpana — x_1(entity) is on top of x_2(entity)

lo cpana — what is on top. lo se cpana — what is below.

su'o bisli cu se cpana lo cmana — There is ice on top of the mountain.

Comment: to lay upon is punji.

Related words: se vasru, jbini, zvati, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji, sarji, zbepi"

cpare — x_1(entity) climbs on x_2(entity) ; x₁ wades through x₂

ra pu mo'u cpare le cmana — She has climbed on the mountain.

Related words: klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe"

cpedu — x_1(entity) requests or asks for x_{2(clause, property of x3)} from x_3(entity)

lo se cpedu — something requested.

le nanmu pu cpedu lo ka jai gau kalri fai le vorme vau mi ta'i lo ka jai gau muvdu fai lo xance — The man asked me to open the door by moving his hand.

Comment: a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may be indicated by an action or even demeanor).

Related words: cusku, pikci, retsku, se spuda, danfu"

cpina — x_1(entity) is pungent or irritating to observer x_2(entity)

lo cpina — pungent, irritating.

le sanso cu cpina — The sauce is hot.

le panci cu cpina — The smell is irritating.

Related words: vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, sumne"

cradi — x_1(entity) broadcasts or transmits x_2(entity) via station or frequency x_3(entity) to receiver x_4(entity)

lo cradi — broadcaster. lo se cradi — broadcasted. lo te cradi — broadcasting station. lo ve cradi — broadcast receiver.

ti cradi lo vajni notci lo tordu boxna lo se bevri — This is a radio transmitter sending important messages on short waves to portable receivers.

Related words: tivni, benji, tcana"

crane — x_1(entity) is in front of x_2(entity) facing x_3(entity)

lo crane — something in front.

pa tricu cu crane la alis la kevin — A tree is before (in front of) Alice from Kevin's position.

pa tricu cu crane mi — A tree is in front of me.

lo citno cu pagre bu'u lo crane be le lunra — A shadow passed before the moon.

Related words: sefta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle"

creka — x_1(entity) is a shirt

lo creka — shirt.

do poi dasni lo creka cu simlu lo ka stati — You look smart in the shirt.

Related words: taxfu"

crepu — x_1(entity) harvests, plucks x_{2(property of x3)} from x_3(entity)

lo crepu — harvester. lo se crepu — harvested crop. lo te crepu — crop field.

ra crepu lo vanjba le purdi — She is harvesting grapes from the garden.

Related words: lebna, vimcu, katna, critu, sombo, jmaji"

cribe — x_1(entity) is a bear of species x_2(taxon)

lo cribe — bear (animal).

lo cribe cu se zdani lo vi boske — Bears live in this forest.

Related words: danlu, mabru"

crida — x_1(entity) is a fairy, elf, or other mythical humanoid

lo crida — fairy, elf.

mi pu cusku pa lisri be lo za'u crida — I told a story about fairies.

Related words: ranmi, lijda"

crino — x_1(entity) is green

lo crino — green.

ca lo crisa lo pezli poi crino co'a xunre — In the fall leaves that are green, turn red.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna"

cripu — x_1(entity) is a bridge across x_2(entity) between points x_{3(entity group)}

lo cripu — bridge.

mi'ai muvdu fo lo cripu be pa rirxe bei pa tcadu jo'u lo nurma — We are moving over the bridge across a river that connects a city and the rural zone.

Related words: bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe"

crisa — x_1(entity) is summer of year x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo crisa — summer.

ca crisa lo re no no mu moi be lo nanca ti — Now it's summer of year 2005 at my place.

Related words: citsi, critu, dunra, vensa"

critu — x_1(entity) is autumn of year x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo critu — autumn.

xu ca critu lo re no no mu moi be lo nanca do — Is it now autumn of year 2005 at your place?

Related words: citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu"

ctaru — x_1(entity) is a tide in x_2(entity)

lo ctaru — tide.

lo ctaru be lo xamsi cu barda — The tide in the sea is high.

Related words: xamsi"

ctebi — x_1(entity) is a lip of orifice x_2(entity)

lo ctebi — lip. lo se ctebi — orifice with a lip.

lo se dekpu be lo ctebi be le vlagi cu banzu lo nu lo panzi cu pagre — The size of the hole of the vagina is enough for the child to pass.

Related words: moklu, korbi, cinba"

cteki — x_{1(property of x3)} is a tax on x_{2(property of x3)} levied against x_3(entity) by authority or collector x_4(entity)

lo cteki — tax. lo se cteki — taxable property. lo te cteki — taxpayer. lo ve cteki — collector of a tax.

lo prenu pu na nelci lo noi cnino vau cteki be lo ka ralte lo bakni bei ro lo xabju bei loi turni — People didn't like the new tax on keeping cows levied against everyone by the government.

lo rupnu be li re mu cu cteki lo ka ralte lo bakni — 25 dollars is the tax for keeping cows.

Related words: pleji, flalu, turni"

ctile — x_1(entity) is some petroleum

lo ctile — petroleum.

ti minji lo nu cokcu lo ctile — This is a machine for pumping out oil.

Related words: grasu"

ctino — x_1(entity) is a shadow of x_2(entity) made by light source x_3(entity)

lo ctino — shadow.

mi pu terpa tu'a lo ctino be lo tricu bei le lunra — I was afraid of shadows of trees in moonlight.

Related words: manku, gusni"

ctuca — x_1(entity) teaches to x_2(entity) ideas or method x_{3(property of x2)}

lo ctuca — teacher. lo se ctuca — taught audience. lo te ctuca — subject taught.

le prenu pu ctuca mi'a lo traji tasmi be lo nu tavla fo la lojban — The person taught us the best style of speaking Lojban.

le mamta cu ctuca le verba lo du'u lo nu cladu tavla na se clite — The mother taught the child that talking loud isn't polite.

le laldo pu ctuca mi lo tadji be lo nu na ganse lo ka cortu — The old man taught me the method of not feeling the pain.

Related words: ckule, cilre, tadni"

cu — shows the beginning of the clause tail

lei rirni cu zvati ti ca — The parents are here now.

Comment: can be omitted if the previous word is a pronoun of the same clause, can also be replaced with prepositions."

cu'e [preposition] — asks for an appropriate preposition or a combination of them

lu do cu'e vitke la nipon li'u lu pu'o li'u — "Have you been to Japan?" "I'm about to."

lu le penbi cu'e zvati li'u lu pu vu li'u — "Where is the pen?" "It was over there.""

cu'i [right scaler] — neutral intensity (on the scale)

au cu'i le bruna mo'u tsuku — The brother arrived, meh."

cu'o [verb] — turn number into verb denoting probability

le nu casnu cu su'o cu'o lo nu le jatna cu klama — The discussion is possible if the boss comes.

lo nu mi ricfu cu ro cu'o lo nu mi ponse lo rupnu poi megdo — Had I a million dollars I'd be rich.

Comment: x_1(entity) has probability (n) of occurring under conditions x_2(entity). The number (n) is put in front of cu'o."

cu'u [preposition from cusku] — as said by ...

cu'u la gleki la lojban cu vlipa bangu — As said by La Gleki, Lojban is a powerful language.

Comment: used for quotations."

cukla — x_1(entity) is round

lo cukla — round.

le lunra noi pelxu gi'e cukla gi'e carmi cu zvati lo tsani — The Moon, yellow, round and bright, is in the sky.

Related words: djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi"

cukta — x_1(entity) is a book with work x_2(entity)

lo cukta — book. lo se cukta — work in a book.

mi tcidu pa cukta be lo cinri — I read a book with an interesting content (an interesting book).

Related words: cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri"

culno — x_1(entity) is full of x_2(entity)

lo culno — full.

le lanka cu culno lo pelji — The basket is full of paper.

Related words: tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna"

cumki — x_1(clause) is possible

lo cumki — possible.

cumki fa lo nu la alis ba jai lerci — It's possible that Alice will be late.

Related words: lakne"

cumla — x_1(entity) is modest or humble about x_{2(property of x1)}

lo cumla — modest.

mi'ai pu cumla lo ka kanpe ma kau — We were modest in our expectations.

Related words: cinmo, jgira"

cunmi — x_1(entity) is some millet or grain of species x_2(taxon)

lo cunmi — millet.

lo jipci cu citka lo cunmi — Hens eat millet.

Related words: gurni"

cunso — x_1(clause) is random, unpredictable

lo cunso — random.

lo nu ca ma kau le prenu cu tsuku pu cunso — When would he come was unpredictable.

Related words: cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti"

cuntu — x_1(clause) is an affair or organized activity involving persons x_2(entity)

lo cuntu — affair, business (activity).

ra pu se cuntu lo zekri — He was involved in a crime.

Related words: jikca, srana"

cupra — x_1(entity) produces product x_2(entity) by process x_{3(property of x1)}

lo cupra — producer. lo se cupra — product. lo te cupra — process of production.

lo karce cu cupra lo nejni lo ka jai gau jelca lo livla — Car produces energy by burning fuel.

Related words: zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa"

curmi — x_1(entity) lets x_2(clause) happen; x₁ makes x₂ possible

lo saske cu curmi lo nu jimpe lo munje — Science allows understanding the world.

le canko cu curmi lo nu lo vifne vacri cu pagre — The window permits the passage of the fresh air.

Related words: permite, rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre"

curnu — x_1(entity) is a worm of species x_2(taxon)

lo curnu — worm.

le cipni mo'u kavbu lo curnu — The bird caught a worm.

Related words: since, silka"

curve — x_1(entity) is pure in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo curve — pure.

i ti noi djine cu curve lo ka solji — This ring is of pure gold.

Related words: prane, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi"

cusku — x_1(entity) says x_2(text) for audience x_3(entity)

lo cusku — who says. lo se cusku — what is said. lo te cusku — audience.

i ba bo mi pu cusku fi le ninmu fe lu do mutce xendo li'u — And then I said to the woman "You are very kind."

do pu cusku lo se du'u do ba katna lo nanba — You said that you would cut the bread.

Comment: skicu is to tell, cusku is to say, tavla is to talk, cusku lo notci is to notify.

Related words: retsku, spusku, spuda, cu'u, bacru, tavla, casnu, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka"

cutci — x_1(entity) is a shoe for covering x_2(entity)

lo cutci — shoe.

ti noi prenu cu zbasu lo cutci be lo sufti — This person makes horseshoes.

Related words: smoka, taxfu, skiji"

cutne — x_1(entity) is the chest of body x_2(entity)

lo cutne — chest.

le nanla pu ca'o jgari lo gerku re'o lo cutne — The boy was holding the dog near the chest.

Related words: cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe"

cuxna — x_1(entity) chooses, decides on x_{2(property of x1)} from complete set x_{3(group of same type as x2)}

lo se cuxna — what is chosen. lo te cuxna — set of choices, menu of choices.

mi nu'o mo'u cuxna lo ka zukte ma kau — I haven't yet decided what to do.

nandu fa lo ka cuxna — It's hard to choose.

mi pu cuxna la alis lo nixli — I chose Alice from the girls.

la alis pu cuxna lo blanu lo taxfu — Alice chose the blue dress out of all.

mi pensi cuxna lo nu mi citka ma kau — I'm thinking about what to eat.

Comment: pajni is for judging matters, jdice is for actual decisions, cuxna is for deciding (choosing) on something out of options.

Related words: jdice, pajni, nelci"

cy [pronoun] — c (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like cy is for the last lo carvi used."

da [pronoun] — there exists something or someone: 1st pronoun of da, de, di series

mi se bruna da — I have a brother.

mi nelci ro da — I like everything."

da'a [digit/number] — all except ..., all but ... (number follows; by default 1)

da'a re lo prenu pu zvati va — All but two people were present there."

da'i [interjection] — supposing, da'i nai — in fact

da'i mi ricfu — I could be rich.

da'i nai mi se zdani lo daplu — I do live on an island.

Related words: se xanri, sruma"

dacru — x_1(entity) is a drawer in x_2(entity)

lo dacru — drawer.

pa junla ca cpana lo se dacru be lo barda — A clock stands on a chest of big drawers.

Related words: nilce, tanxe"

dacti — x_1(entity) is a thing, a material object enduring in space-time

lo dacti — material object.

tu noi dacti cu mo — What is that object over there?

Related words: marji, xanri"

dadjo — x_1(entity) is Taoist in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo dadjo — Taoist.

le tcaci cu dadjo — The tradition is Taoist.

Related words: lijda, jegvo"

dai [interjection suffix] — marks empathetic use of interjection, shows another's feelings

oi ro'o dai tuple doi le cifnu — I know it hurts, baby!

do jinga ui dai — You won, yay you!

ui nai dai lo do gerku co'a morsi — You must be sad, your dog died.

Related words: kansa"

dakfu — x_1(entity) is a knife for cutting x_2(entity)

lo dakfu — knife.

ti dakfu lo nanba — This is a knife for cutting bread.

Related words: denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli"

dakli — x_1(entity) is a bag or sack containing x_2(entity)

lo dakli — bag. lo se dakli — contents of a bag.

mi ba bevri pa dakli be lo tamca lo nenri — I will take a bag of tomatoes inside.

Comment: pouch is lo daski.

Related words: daski, bakfu"

damba — x_1(entity) fights or struggles with x_2(entity) over issue x_3(clause)

lo damba — fighter.

mi pu damba lo mensi be mi lo du'u ma kau klama ka'ai loi rirni — I fought with my sister of who would go with parents.

Comment: war (lo nu jamna) usually consists of battles (lo nu damba).

Related words: bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci"

damri — x_1(entity) is a drum, gong or other percussion instrument with beater x_2(entity)

lo damri — drum. lo se damri — beater of a drum.

le nakni pu zgipli pa damri be lo xance — He was playing a hand struck drum.

Related words: rilti, zgike"

damva'u — x_1(entity) smokes, inhales smoke x_2(entity)

lo damva'u — smoker.

le prenu cu damva'u lo se panci be lo mabla — The person smokes something that has a shitty smell.

Related words: danmo, vasxu"

dandu — x_1(entity) is suspended, hangs from x_2(entity) at joint x_3(entity)

le smani pu dandu lo galtu jimca lo rebla — The monkey was hanging its tail from a high branch.

Related words: lasna, jorne"

danfu — x_1(entity) is the answer or solution to question or problem x_2(clause)

lo danfu — solution to a problem. lo se danfu — problem.

lo ka pilno lo drata ckiku cu danfu lo tadji be lo ka jai gau karli fai le vorme — Using another key is the answer to the problem of opening the door.

Comment: spuda is for agentive response/reply.

Related words: ciksi, retsku, nabmi, spuda, cpedu"

danlu — x_1(entity) is an animal of species x_2(taxon)

lo danlu — animal, creature.

mi pu viska pa danlu bu'u le boske i le danlu cu jutsi ma — I saw an animal in the forest. What species does it belong to?

Related words: banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, ankabuta, respa, since, mabru, bakni"

danmo — x_1(entity) is smoke from source x_2(entity)

lo danmo — smoke.

lo danmo be lo noi ca'o jelca vau tricu co'a denmi — The smoke from the burning trees is becoming dense.

Related words: pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru"

danre — x_1(entity) puts pressure on or applies force to x_2(entity)

lo danre — pressure.

lo brife cu danre le falnu — Wind puts pressure on the sail.

Related words: catke, bapli, prina, tinsa"

dansu — x_1(entity) dances to accompaniment or rhythm x_2(entity)

lo dansu — dancer.

e'u mi'o dansu lo ca zgike — Let's dance to this music.

Related words: bende, zgike, zajba"

danti — x_1(entity) is a bullet, missile, or other ballistic projectile for firing by x_2(entity)

lo danti — bullet. lo se danti — gun.

pa danti be lo cecla cu tsuku le dinju — A bullet from a gun reached the house.

Related words: cecla, renro, jakne"

daplu — x_1(entity) is an island

lo daplu — island.

fe'e ro roi le daplu lo remna cu xabju — People live all over the island.

Related words: lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo"

dapma — x_1(entity) wishes to x_2(entity) luck or fate x_{3(property of x2)}

lo se dapma — condemned.

mi pu dapma le fetsi lo ka se funca lo zabna — I wished her good luck.

le monsuta pu dapma le virnu lo ka ba zi morsi — The monster cursed the brave person to die soon.

Comment: can describe any type of fate: good luck or bad luck (to condemn, to curse).

Related words: mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima, di'ai"

dargu — x_1(entity) is a road or highway

lo dargu — road.

da bisli vi'a le dargu — There is ice on the road.

Related words: flu'ente, naxle, pluta, klaji, tcana"

darlu — x_1(entity) argues for stance x_{2(proposition)} against stance x_{3(proposition)}

lo se darlu — stance (in a discussion).

loi enge pu darlu lo nu le dargu cu se stuzi lo berti vau lo nu le dinju cu se zbasu fi lo rokci — Engineers argued for the road to be located to the north and against the house to be built of rock.

Comment: opponent is not necessary.

Related words: fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla"

darno — x_1(entity) is distant from x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo darno — distant.

le muzga cu darno ti — The museum is far from here.

lo jungo bangu cu darno lo glico bangu lo ka va'o ce'u ma kau tarmi lo nu bacru — Chinese language is far from English in the manner of pronunciation.

Related words: jibni"

darsi — x_1(entity) shows audacity in behavior x_{2(property of x1)}

lo darsi — cheeky. lo se darsi — audacious behaviour.

la edvard ca darsi lo ka na cusku lo jetnu la tom — Eduard dares not tell Tom the truth.

Related words: virnu"

darxi — x_1(entity) hits or strikes x_2(entity)

lo darxi — who strikes. lo se darxi — struck, stricken.

mi pu darxi lo xedja be le nakni se pi'o lo xance — I hit his jaw with hand.

mi pu darxi la alis se pi'o lo zunle jamfu be mi re'o lo betfu — I kicked Alice with my left foot in the belly.

Related words: bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, janli, jgari, pencu"

daski — x_1(entity) is a pocket or pouch in x_2(entity)

lo daski — pocket.

mi pu punji lo xance be mi lo daski be lo kosta pe mi — I put my hand into the pocket of my coat.

Related words: dakli, taxfu, bakfu"

dasni — x_1(entity) wears x_2(entity) as garment of type x_{3(property of x1)}

lo dasni — who wears a garment. lo se dasni — garment worn.

e'o do co'a dasni lo cutci — Please put on your shoes.

le nixli cu dasni lo creka lo skaci — The girl wears a shirt as a skirt.

Related words: taxfu"

daspo — x_1(entity) destroys x_{2(entity, property of x1)}

lo daspo — destroyer. lo se daspo — destroyed.

ra pu daspo lo ka kanro — He ruined his health.

lo fagri pu daspo ci me lo dinju — The fire destroyed three of the buildings.

Related words: spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu"

dasri — x_1(entity) is a ribbon

lo dasri — ribbon, strip.

le se dunda pu se bakfu fi lo dasri — The gift was tied with a ribbon.

Related words: djine"

datka — x_1(entity) is a duck of species x_2(taxon)

lo datka — duck.

so'o datka ru'i limna le lalxu — Several ducks are swimming in the lake.

Related words: cipni"

datni — x_{1(property of x2)} is information about x_2(entity) gathered by method x_{3(property of x2)}

lo datni — information. lo te datni — method of getting information.

lo ka gasnu lo zekri cu datni le nanmu lo ka zgana lo se zukte be ce'u — Being a criminal are the data about the man collected by monitoring his actions.

ai mi tavla do lo datni be fi lo cipra — I'm going to talk to you about experimental data.

Comment: synonym of info.

Related words: fatci, saske, vreji"

dau [digit/number] — hex digit A (decimal 10), ten

ei mi'o denpa ze'a lo djedi be li dau — We should wait for 10 days."

dau'i [right scaler] — equal intensity

ju'o la alis ba tsuku — I'm sure Alice will arrive.

ju'o dau'i ji'a la kevin ba vitke mi'a — And I'm equally sure that Kevin will visit us.

Comment: usually specifies an intensity of an interjection equal to the intensity of the same interjection earlier used.

Related words: dau'i, mau'i, me'ai, cu'i, sai, ru'e"

de [pronoun] — there exists something or someone: 2nd pronoun of da, de, di series

ro da poi ke'a sinma ke'a cu se sinma ro de poi ke'a sinma di — Everyone who respects oneself is respected by everyone who respects someone."

de'a [preposition of aspect] — pause (pausative aspect)

mi pu de'a citka lo plise — I stopped eating apples for a while.

mi de'a jundi — I won't be paying attention for a while.

Related words: di'a"

de'e [pronoun] — a near future utterance

de'e cinri jufra — The following sentence is interesting.

au do tirna mi — I'd like you to listen to me.

lo xunre cu srana lo nu fengu — Red is related to the state of being angry."

de'i [preposition from detri] — on date/time ... (date stamp follows)

de'i li ly ci dy pa mu mi pu zvati la nipon — On March 15 I was in Japan.

de'i li cy pa ci mi'a cliva — We leave at 1 pm.

mi'a cliva de'i li cy so my ci no — We leave at 9:30

Comment: ny is put before years, ly is put before months, dy is put before days, cy is put before hours, my is put before minutes, sy is put before seconds."

de'u [pronoun] — a recent utterance

i fi'o suksa co'a gusni bu'u lo darno i ba bo le gusni cu canci — Suddenly a light appeared far away and then the light disappeared.

le re mei pu troci lo ka ganse le gusni vau za'u re'u i ku'i le re mei na pu djuno lo du'u xu kau la'e de'e cu du lo sinxa poi le re mei ze'u kanpe tu'a ke'a — They both tried to observe it once again. But they didn't know whether that was the sign they had been expecting for so long."

decti — x_1(entity) is a tenth of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo decti — 1/10_.

le bitmu cu decti be lo mitre lo ka rotsu — The fence is 10 centimeters thick.

Related words: centi"

degji — x_1(entity) is a finger, toe, or digit on limb x_2(entity)

lo degji — finger, toe, digit (of body). lo se degji — limb with fingers or toes.

lo degji be lo pritu xance be mi cu cortu — The fingers of my right hand hurt.

Related words: nazbi, tamji, tance, xance"

dei [pronoun] — this utterance

i lo se casnu pe dei ca zenba lo ka cinri — This discussion is getting more interesting."

dejni — x_1(entity) owes debt x_{2(entity, property of x1)} to creditor x_3(entity) in return for service x_{4(entity, property of x1)}

lo dejni — debtor. lo se dejni — debt. lo te dejni — creditor of debt.

mi dejni lo ka sidju vau do lo ka se sidju do — I am obliged to help you in return for your help.

mi dejni fi lo patfu be mi fo lo ka snada — I owe my success to my father.

Related words: jbera, janta, zivle"

dekpu — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) volume units in standard x_{3(property of x1)}

ti noi botpi cu dekpu li pa lo ka litce — This bottle is one liter in volume.

Related words: canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu"

dekto — x_1(entity) is ten of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo dekto — 10_.

le dinju cu dekto be lo mitre lo ka clani — The house is 10 meters high.

Related words: centi"

delfinu — x_1(entity) is a dolphin of species/breed x_2(taxon)

lo delfinu — dolphin.

lo'e delfinu cu stati — Dolphins are generally smart.

Comment: see mabru, xamsi, flu'ente.

Related words: mabru, xamsi, rirxe"

delno — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) candela in luminosity

ti noi bombila cu delno li ji'i pa re no — This light bulb has a luminous intensity of around 120 candela.

Related words: centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, centi"

dembi — x_1(entity) is a legume, bean, or pea from plant x_2(entity)

lo dembi — legume seed. lo se dembi — plant with legumes.

mi ca ca'o citka lo stasu be lo dembi — I am eating a bean stew.

Related words: grute, sobde, tsiju"

denci — x_1(entity) is a tooth of x_2(entity)

lo denci — tooth.

lo denci be mi cu cortu — I have a toothache.

Related words: dakfu, pagre, jgalu, moklu, dakfu, pagre, jgalu, batci, bongu"

denmi — x_1(entity) is dense in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo denmi — dense.

lo karce flu'ente cu denmi lo ka se pagbu lo xo kau karce bu'u lo klaji — The car traffic is intense in the streets.

Related words: carmi, midju, viknu"

denpa — x_1(entity) waits or pauses for x_2(clause) at state x_{3(property of x1)} before doing x_{4(property of x1)}

ko ze'i denpa — Wait a bit. Just a moment!

xu do pu denpa — Did you wait?

mi denpa lo nu lo patfu cu volta vau lo ka kelci vau lo ka cliva — I am waiting for my father to arrive playing before leaving.

Related words: dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, basna"

denpa bu [pronoun] — ., full stop, period, dot"

dertu — x_1(entity) is some soil or dirt

lo dertu — soil, dirt, ground (soil), earth (soil).

pu ze'a ku le karce cu muvdu bu'u lo dertu — For a while, the car moved on the soil.

Related words: kliti, terdi, loldi"

derxi — x_1(entity) is a heap or stack of x_2(entity)

lo derxi — heap.

mi pu cupra pa derxi be lo mudri — I chopped a pile of wood.

Related words: gunma, cmana"

desku — x_1(entity) is shakes or vibrates from force x_2(clause)

lo desku — something vibrating.

ra pu desku lo ka terpa — She was shaking with fear.

Related words: slilu, janbe"

detri — x_1(number) is the date of x_2(clause)

lo detri — datestamp.

li my pa dy pa ze ny re no pa mu detri lo nu mi co'a tadni la lojban — January 17, 2015 is the date when I started studying Lojban.

Comment: in x₁ ny is put before years, ly is put before months, dy is put before days, cy is put before hours, my is put before minutes, sy is put before seconds.

Related words: de'i, djedi, jeftu, masti, nanca, tcika, judri"

di [pronoun] — there exists something or someone: 3rd pronoun of da, de, di series

i ku'i la'a nai su'o da cizra ro de ro di — But it is unlikely that something is strange to everyone in every way."

di'a [preposition of aspect] — resuming (resumptive aspect)

mi na ba di'a zgipli lo pipno — I won't play the piano again.

mi di'a jundi — I'm listening again.

Related words: de'a"

di'ai [vocative] — expression of well-wish, di'ai nai — expression of curse

pluka nicte di'ai — Good night!

di'ai do — Good luck to you.

do i ko na raktu mi di'ai nai do — Don't disturb me, damn you!

Comment: used to express well-wishes/curses.

Related words: dimna, dapma, ki'e, doi, fu'au"

di'anzi — x_1(entity) is an electronic device

lo di'anzi — electronic.

gau do e'i to'e akti fa lo do di'anzi — Turn off your electronic devices.

Related words: letri"

di'e [pronoun] — the next utterance

di'e na drani i la djon cu cmene mi i lu zo djon cmene mi li'u drani ku'i — The following sentence isn't correct. Someone called John is my name. "John is my name" is correct, though."

di'i [preposition of aspect] — regularly (iterative aspect), di'i nai — irregularly

mi di'i cadzu bu'u lo panka — I regularly walk in the park.

pa cukta di'i se tcidu mi — I read the same book again and again.

mi di'i nai citka lo kokso — I eat coconuts here and there."

di'u [pronoun] — the last utterance

ma xamgu traji tadji lo nu tadni la lojban i di'u xamgu se retsku — What is the best method of learning Lojban? That is a good question.

la alis ze'a lo djedi be li za'u re na zvati i la'e di'u cizra — Alice isn't present for more than two days. That is strange."

dicra — x_1(entity) interrupts or disrupts x_2(entity) due to quality x_{3(property of x1)}

lo sance pu dicra lo nu mi sipna vau lo ka cladu — The sound woke me up since it was loud.

Related words: zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa"

diklo — x_1(entity) is confined to location x_2(entity) within range x_3(entity)

lo diklo — local.

lo ca carvi cu diklo lo stuna lo bu'u tcadu — Within the borders of this city, the rain is in the south.

Related words: bu'u, zvati, jibni, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila"

dikni — x_1(entity) is regular or periodic in x_{2(property of x1)} with interval x_3(entity)

lo dikni — regular.

mi dikni lo ka lumci lo kumfa pe mi vau lo jeftu — I am regular in cleaning my room every week.

Related words: slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, boxna"

dilcu — x_1(number) is a quotient of x_2(number) divided by x_3(number), leaving remainder x_4(number)

lo dilcu — quotient. lo se dilcu — dividend of a quotient. lo te dilcu — divisor of a quotient. lo ve dilcu — remainder of a quotient.

li re dilcu li pa ci li mu li ci — 2 is the quotient of 13 divided by 5 with the remainder 3.

Related words: frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso"

dilnu — x_1(entity) is a cloud of material x_2(entity)

lo dilnu — cloud.

le cmana cu cupra lo dilnu be lo danmo — The mountain produces clouds of smoke.

Related words: carvi, tcima"

dimna — x_{1(property of x2)} is a fate or destiny of x_2(entity)

lo dimna — destiny.

lo ka xabju ti cu dimna mi — To live here is my fate.

Related words: dapma"

dinju — x_1(entity) is a house, building for purpose x_{2(property of x1)}

lo dinju — house, building.

ti dinju lo nu lumci — This is a bathhouse.

Related words: ginka, zdani, zarci"

dinko — x_1(entity) is a nail or tack for purpose x_2(entity)

lo dinko — nail (tack).

mi pu lasna le pixra le bitmu pa dinko se pi'o pa mruli — I nailed the picture to the wall using a hammer.

ti dinko lo ka lasna lo cutci lo xirma ce'u — This is a nail for fastening horseshoes.

Related words: pijne, lasna"

dirba — x_{1(entity, property of x2)} is dear, precious to x_2(entity)

lo dirba — precious, dear (of great value).

do pu zvati ma doi lo dirba — Where have you been, dear?

lo nu jmive cu dirba ro da — Life is dear to everybody.

Related words: tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna"

dirce — x_1(entity) radiates, emits x_{2(property of x1)}

lo dirce — emitter. lo se dirce — radiation.

le jinto cu dirce lo djacu — The spring of fluid emits water.

Related words: gusni"

dirgo — x_1(entity) is a drop of x_2(entity)

lo dirgo — drop.

sa'u ti dirgo lo djacu — It's just a drop of water.

Related words: daplu, bidju"

ditcu — x_1(clause) is the time-duration/period of x_2(clause)

lo ditcu — period.

ma ditcu lo nu do limna le rirxe — How long have you been swimming in the river?

Related words: cedra, ranji, tcika, renvi, temci, canlu, kuspe"

dizlo — x_1(entity) is low compared to x_{2(entity) (entity)} ; x₁ is a lower part of x₂

lo dizlo — low, bottom.

i le gerku cu dizlo le mlatu poi cpare le tricu — The dog stands low compared to the cat climbing the tree.

mi mo'u farlu lo dizlo be le bitmu — I fell down to the foot of the fence.

Related words: cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi"

djacu — x_1(entity) is some water

lo djacu — water.

le nakni pu pinxe lo djacu pa kabri — He drank some water from a cup.

Related words: lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, lumci, bumru, jinto"

djedi — x_1(clause) happens during x_2(number) full days

lo djedi — day (full day). lo se djedi — number of full days.

mi volta ba zi lo djedi be li pa no — I will return in 10 days.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one full day in duration

Related words: donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika"

djica — x_1(entity) desires or wants x_{2(clause, property of x1)} for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo se djica — something desired.

mi djica lo nu mi cusku lo xajmi vau lo nu do cisma — I want to tell something funny to make you smile.

mi djica tu'a lo plise — I want an apple.

Related words: taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura"

djine — x_1(entity) is a ring

lo djine — ring.

ti solji djine — This is a golden ring.

Related words: cukla"

djuno — x_1(entity) knows fact x_{2(proposition)} about x_3(entity) on grounds x_{4(proposition)}

lo se djuno — known fact. lo ve djuno — grounds of knowledge.

mi djuno lo du'u mi zasti vau fo lo du'u mi pensi — I know that I exist since I think.

mi djuno so'i da la lojban — I know a lot about Lojban.

mi djuno mo'a da lo cmaci — I know too little about math.

Comment: to be familiar with is se slabu, na'e se cnino, na'e se fange.

Related words: krici, jinvi, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska"

do [pronoun] — you (the listener)

coi ro do — Hello, everyone!

xu do djica lo nu mi sidju do — Do you want me to help you?"

do'a [interjection] — generously, broadly construed, do'a nai — at least (parsimoniously)

do'a mi do ka'e ctuca lo se jmina — I could teach you some additional things.

do'a nai do no da zekri lebna — At least you didn't steal anything.

a'o mi te dunda lo kargu karce a ke do'a nai lo karce poi na spofu — Hopefully, I'll be given an expensive car or at least one that isn't broken.

Related words: sa'e nai"

do'e [preposition from co'e] — preposition with the meaning unspecified or known from context

ti karda do'e lo valsi — It's a card with a word.

Comment: used in speech when it's hard to find an appropriate preposition on the fly."

do'i [pronoun] — an utterance unspecified or known from context

do'i cu me lo jufra pe lo se cukta poi mi pu tcidu — That sentence is from a book that I had read."

do'o [pronoun] — you and others (the listener + other persons not in the dialog)

lu mi'a pu casnu lo nu litru li'u lu do'o pu cuxna ma li'u — "We discussed travelling." "What did you choose?""

do'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: be'e, co'o, co'oi, coi, di'ai, fe'o, fi'i, je'e, ju'i, ke'o, ki'e, mi'e, mu'o, nu'e, a'oi, pe'u, re'i, ta'a, vi'o, ki'ai, cu, cu'e, nau, do'u, doi"

doi [vocative] — general vocative, identifies intended listener.

doi nobli do co'u morji fi lo do ckiku — Oh, sir! You forgot your keys."

donri — x_1(entity) happens during daytime of day x_2(entity)

lo donri — day (daylight time), daytime.

ca lo donri be lo prulamdei ra pu stali lo zdani — Yesterday in the daytime, he stayed at home.

Related words: nicte, djedi, tcika"

draci — x_1(entity) is a drama or play about x_2(entity)

lo draci — play (drama). lo se draci — plot of a drama.

pa pendo be mi cu finti pa draci be lo nabmi pe lo te seksi — My friend is the author of a drama about the problem of sexes.

Related words: finti, cukta, lisri, cfika"

drani — x_1(entity) is correct in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo drani — correct.

do drani lo ka pilno ma kau noi valsi — You are correct in what words you use.

Related words: srera, mapti"

drata — x_1(entity) is not the same as x_2(entity)

lo drata — different, another, other.

lo drata be mi ka'e sidju — Someone else but me can help.

Related words: mintu, frica, dunli"

drudi — x_1(entity) is a roof or lid of structure x_2(entity)

lo drudi — lid. lo se drudi — something with a lid.

lo drudi be le dinju cu ei se cikre — The roof of the building needs fixing.

Comment: lo drudi is designed to be over, above lo se drudi and shelters it from other things above lo drudi.

Related words: bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku"

du — x_1(entity), x_2(entity), x₃ are the same thing

lo du — identically equal.

li pa su'i pa du li re li pa no fe'i mu — 1 + 1 = 2 = 10 / 5.

xu du lo prenu poi mitysisku mi ca lo prulamdei — Are you the same person who searched for me yesterday?

Comment: corresponds to the operator = in math, can have any number of places.

Related words: bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku"

du'e [digit/number] — too many

le vacri ca se la'u li du'e glare — It's too hot.

du'e prenu cu zvati le klaji — There are too many people in the street.

Comment: subjective estimate."

du'i [preposition from dunli] — as much as ..., adverb: equally

mi'a du'i casnu lo mintu — We equally discussed the same.

xu do zukcfu du'i mi — Are you as busy as I am?

Comment: noun after du'i is compared with x₁ of the clause, the clause itself describes the comparison."

du'u [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

mi djuno lo du'u do na fuzme — I know that you are not responsible.

Comment: x_{1 (clause)} is the clause (that follows) expressed in sentence x_2(text)."

dugri — x_1(number) is the logarithm of x_2(number) to base x_3(number)

lo dugri — logarithm. lo te dugri — base of a logarithm.

li ci dugri li pa no no no li pa no — 3 is the logarithm of 1000 to base 10.

Related words: tenfa"

dukti — x_1(entity) is opposite or contrary to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)}

lo dukti — opposite.

la alis la kevin pu dukti lo ka catlu ma kau — Alice and Kevin looked in the opposite directions.

Related words: ranxi, ragve"

dunda — x_1(entity) gives or donates x_{2(entity, property of x1)} to x_3(entity)

lo dunda — giver. lo se dunda — gift, present. lo te dunda — receiver of a gift.

mi pu dunda pa plise do — I gave you an apple.

Comment: lo se dunda doesn't need to be only special present.

Related words: benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali"

dunja — x_1(entity) freezes

ra na ru'e dunja — He almost froze.

Related words: febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu"

dunku — x_1(entity) is distressed or anguished by x_2(clause)

lo dunku — distressed. lo se dunku — distressing event.

mi pu dunku lo ka kansa no da — I was distressed at being alone.

xu do dunku lo nu lo mensi be do cu bilma — Are you distressed at your sister being ill?

Related words: fengu, surla"

dunli — x_1(entity) is equal to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)}

lo dunli — equal.

mi dunli lo mensi be mi lo ka clani i ku'i mi na mintu le mensi — I am as long as my sister is. But I'm not her.

mi dunli do lo ka jinvi ma kau lo se zukte be le prenu — I am in concord with you in what we think about his actions.

Related words: du'i, satci, frica, simsa, mintu"

dunra — x_1(entity) is winter of year x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo dunra — winter.

ca lo dunra be lo re no no mu moi bei la australi'as mi pu zvati ti — During Australian winter of year 2005 I was here.

Related words: citsi, crisa, critu, vensa"

dy [pronoun] — d (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like dy is for the last lo drudi used."

dzena — x_1(entity) is an elder or ancestor of x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(property of x1 and x2)}

lo dzena — ancestor. lo se dzena — descendant.

do dzena mi lo ka ce'u ce'u lidne lo ka jbena ca ma kau — You are my ancestor since you were born before me.

Related words: patfu, rirni, tamne"

dzipo — x_1(entity) is Antarctican in x_{2(property of x1)}

au mi vitke lo dzipo tumla — I want to visit the Antarctica.

Related words: ketco, friko, sralo, terdi"

e [conjunction for nouns] — and

mi e do pu casnu lo za'u bangu — I discussed languages, and you discussed languages (maybe not with each other, maybe in different discussions).

Related words: ce, je, a, e, ji, o, u"

e bu [pronoun] — e (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like e bu is for the last la edvard used."

e'a [interjection] — you may, I allow, e'a nai — prohibiting

e'a do klama lo nenri — You may come in.

zu'e e'a nai fagri — No fire allowed!

e'a nai crepu lo flora — You may not pick the flowers.

Related words: permite"

e'e [interjection] — Come on! (encouragement, instigation, provokation), e'e nai — discouragement, demoralization

e'e klama lo zdani — Let's go home.

do e'e co'u denpa — C'mon, what are you waiting for?

e'e do jarco lo ka vlipa — Show your strength, go for it!

e'e mi kuspe do — I'll reach you.

e'e nai mi claxu lo se ditcu — Sorry, I lack time.

Related words: kakne, certu"

e'i [interjection] — command, instruction, imposing obligation (imperative interjection)

e'i mi cliva — I have to leave.

do sanga e'i — Sing!

e'i do carmi gunka — You ought to work hard.

Related words: bapli, rinju"

e'o [interjection] — please (request), e'o nai — offer, grant

e'o mi zgana — Let me see.

e'o do dunda le jisra mi — Will you pass the juice, please?

e'o nai ko lebna lo titla — Here, take some candies.

Related words: cpedu, pikci"

e'u [interjection] — Let's (suggestion), e'u nai — warning, disadvise

e'u mi'o troci — Let's try.

e'u klama — Let's go.

e'u nai do stapa lo crepu — You'd better not step onto the bridge.

e'u do dasni lo kosta — You ought to wear a coat.

Related words: stidi, kajde"

ei [interjection] — I should ..., one should ... (obligation), ei nai — freedom, how things need not be

ei do ca sipna — You should be sleeping now.

ei do djuno — You ought to know.

ei nai do mipri lo nei — You needn't hide yourself.

Related words: bilga, zifre"

enge — x_1(entity) is an architect/designer/engineer of x_2(entity)

lo enge — designer.

lo patfu be mi pu enge ti noi dinju — My father was an architect of this building.

Related words: zbasu, platu"

entuzi — x_1(entity) is enthusiastic, excited about x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

lo entuzi — enthusiastic.

la kevin cu mutce lo ka entuzi lo ka co'a se jibri lo cnino — Kevin is very enthusiastic about getting a new job.

Comment: carmi akti is for the meaning excited (in high energy state).

Related words: xanka, carmi, akti"

esporte — x_1(entity) is a type of sports practiced by x_2(entity)

lo esporte — sports. lo se esporte — sportsperson, sportsman, sportswoman.

mi se esporte la tenis — I practice tennis.

Related words: zajba, sluji, dansu"

fa [case tag] — prefix for the 1st place of the current clause

fe zo coi cusku fa mi — Hello, said I.

fe ma fa mi zukte ei — What should I do?

sarcu fa lo nu do zvati — It's required that you are present."

fa'a [preposition of place] — directly towards ...

ko catlu fa'a le canko — Look in the direction of the window.

xu le cipni ca'o vofli fa'a lo solri — Is the bird flying towards the Sun?"

fa'u [conjunction] — and respectively ... (forms unmixed set)

zmadu fa'u mleca fi lo ka sampu fa'u lo ka drani — It's more easy and less correct, respectively."

facki — x_1(entity) discovers fact x_{2(proposition)} about x_3(entity)

lo facki — discoverer. lo se facki — discovery.

mi facki lo jitfa lo pu se cusku be la alis — I discovered false statements in what Alice said.

mi facki lo du'u le tcadu cu jibni — I found that the city is near.

mi pu facki lo du'u le lisri cu xajmi — I found the story funny.

Comment: for searching for objects and finding them use mitysisku and tolcri.

Related words: cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku"

fadni — x_1(entity) is ordinary in x_{2(property of x1)} among x_3(entity)

lo fadni — typical, ordinary.

fi lo pendo be mi cu fadni fa la kevin lo ka cusku lo simsa ne mi — Among my friends, it's common for Kevin to say such things about me.

Comment: ???wrong usage.

Related words: cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano"

fagri — x_1(entity) is a fire in fuel x_2(entity) burning in x_{3(entity: 'oxygen' by default)}

lo fagri — fire. lo se fagri — fuel for fire. lo te fagri — oxidizer of fire.

lo fagri be le boske bei lo brife co'a carmi — The fire in the forest burning in the wind becomes intense.

le mudri cu se fagri — The wood is burning.

Related words: jelca, sacki"

fai [case tag] — restores the part of a clause omitted using jai

lo nu jimpe ti cu nandu — Understanding this is hard.

ti jai nandu fai lo ka se jimpe — This is hard to understand."

falnu — x_1(entity) is a sail for gathering wind x_2(entity) on vehicle x_3(entity)

lo falnu — sail. lo se falnu — wind for a sail. lo te falnu — sailboat.

ti noi bloti cu te falnu — This is a sailboat.

ti noi molki cu te falnu lo djacu pa xislu — This mill operates on a water wheel.

Comment: x₂ can be wind, water or other forces enabling the sail to work.

Related words: bloti"

famti — x_1(entity) is an aunt or uncle of x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(property of x1 and x2)}

lo famti — aunt, uncle. lo se famti — niece, nephew.

do famti mi lo ka ce'u mensi lo mamta be ce'u — You are my aunt since you are a sister of my mother.

Related words: bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne"

fancu — x_1(entity) is a function mapping argument domain x_2(entity) to function range x_3(entity) defined by rule x_4(text) ; x₁ is a function of x₂

lo fancu — function. lo se fancu — domain of function arguments. lo te fancu — range of function.

lo ni mi'o snada cu te fancu lo ni mi'o troci — Our success depends on how hard we try.

lo jdima be lo broda cu te fancu lo ni le broda cu se sabji jo'u lo ni le broda cu se cpedu — The price of a good is a function of its supply and demand.

lo nu mi jimpe ti na te fancu tu'a do — I don't depend on you to understand this.

li fy pe li xy cu fancu li ma'u li ma'u no me'o vei xy su'i pa ve'o pi'i vei xy vu'u pa ve'o — f(x) = (x + 1) (x − 1), where x>1, f(x)>0.

Related words: mekso, bridi"

fange — x_1(entity) is alien or unfamiliar to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo fange — alien, unfamiliar.

ra fange mi lo ka zukte ma kau — He is alien to me in what he does.

Related words: cizra, jbena, ckini"

fanmo — x_1(clause) is the end, finish of x_2(clause)

lo fanmo — finish, end (ending). lo se fanmo — process being finished.

do te mukti lo ka mo ca lo fanmo lo ca jeftu — What are you going to do on weekend?

Comment: can refer to place.

Related words: krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi"

fanri — x_1(entity) is a factory or mill producing x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo fanri — factory, mill. lo se fanri — product of a factory. lo te fanri — raw material for a factory.

ti fanri lo nanba lo gurni — This is a mill producing bread from grain.

Related words: molki, gundi"

fanta — x_1(entity) prevents x_2(clause) from occurring

lo se fanta — event being prevented.

lo bumru pu fanta lo nu mi'a viska da — Fog prevented us from seeing anything.

Related words: pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi"

fanva — x_1(entity) translates x_2(text) to language x_3(entity) from language x_4(entity) with result x_5(text)

lo fanva — translator. lo se fanva — text to be translated. lo te fanva — target language for translation. lo ve fanva — source language for translation. lo xe fanva — translation (text).

mi pu fanva lu coi ui li'u lo glico lo lojbo zoi gy.yay, hello!.gy. — I translated coi ui to English from Lojban as "Yay, hello!"

Comment: traduki is a preferred alternative to fanva.

Related words: cusku, bangu, traduki"

fanza — x_1(clause) annoys x_2(entity)

lo fanza — annoying event. lo se fanza — annoyed person.

lo nu lo verba cu klaku cu fanza lo mamta be le verba — Baby crying annoys his mother.

do fanza mi — You annoy me.

Related words: fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla"

fapro — x_1(entity) opposes, doesn't surrender to x_2(entity) about x_{3(entity, property of x1)} ; x₁ refuses to do x₃

mi pu fliba lo ka fapro lo nu do cisma — I couldn't resist your smile.

xu do fapro fi lo ka sidju mi — Do you refuse to help me?

Related words: bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu"

farlu — x_1(entity) falls to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

mi pu farlu fi pa skalera fe lo dertu — I fell down from the stairs onto the ground.

la alis pu jai gau farlu fai le dakli le jubme — Alice dropped the bag on the table.

Related words: lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu"

farna — x_1(entity) is the direction of x_2(entity) from origin x_3(entity)

lo farna — direction, trend.

le canko cu farna lo nu la alis pu catlu vau mi — From my viewpoint, Alice was looking at the direction of the window.

Related words: zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne"

farvi — x_1(entity) evolves or develops into x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) through stages x_{4(ordered entity group)}

lo ve farvi — stage of development, version in development.

lo'e nanba cu farvi lo bredi lo te zbasu lo nu co'a mixre lo purmo jo'u lo matne jo'u lo sovda jo'u lo sakta vau ce'o lo nu glare ce'o lo nu satre vo'a lo matne — One makes a standard cake from raw materials by mixing flour, butter, eggs and sugar together, then heating, then greasing the cake with butter, and after that, it is ready.

Related words: pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti"

fasnu — x_1(clause) occurs or happens

lo fasnu — occurrence, case (occurrence).

lo cizra pu va fasnu — There were strange things happening there.

lo ei ba fasnu ba fasnu — Whatever shall be will be.

Related words: fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli, gasnu, zukte, banli"

fatci — x_{1(proposition)} is a fact

lo fatci — fact, factual.

i mi se la'u li me'i ro birti lo du'u ro se djuno be mi bei le munje cu fatci — I'm not completely sure that all that I know about the world are actual facts.

Related words: datni, jitfa, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cfika, saske"

fatri — x_1(entity) is distributed among x_2(entity) with portions x_3(entity)

lo fatri — distributed. lo te fatri — portion of a distributed thing.

gau mi fatri fa lo titla lo verba lo pa mei — I handed out candies to children one candy to each of them.

Related words: fa'u, fendi, preja, katna, tcana"

fau [preposition] — with the event of ...

fau lo nu do djica vau ko cpedu fi mi — If you want, ask me.

fau ro nu do nitcu da vau ko da lebna — Whenever you need something, take it.

fau da'i ro da mi snada — I would succeed anyway.

da'i ma fasnu fau lo nu ro remna no roi sipna — What would happen if humans never slept?"

fe [case tag] — prefix for the 2nd place of the current clause

fe ma zvati fa la alis — Where is Alice?"

fe'e [prefix for a preposition] — explicitly marks the following preposition as referring to space, not time

ko vi'i fe'e di'i sombo le gurni — Sow the grain in a line and evenly!"

fe'i — division operator (symbol / or : in math)

mi pu te vecnu lo pa re fe'i re sovda — I bought half a dozen eggs."

fe'o [vocative] — over and out (at the end of discussion)

i ca ti mi cliva e'i fe'o — Now I have to leave, have a nice day!"

fe'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: fi'o"

febvi — x_1(entity) evaporates, boils

lo febvi — something boiling.

le djacu za'o febvi — The water is already boiling.

Related words: dunja, lunsa, runme"

fegli — x_1(entity) is ugly to observer x_2(entity) in aspect x_{3(property of x1)}

lo fegli — something ugly.

le djacu cu fegli lo ka se panci ma kau — The water has an ugly smell.

Related words: rigni, melbi, pluka"

fei [digit/number] — hex digit B (decimal 11), eleven

mi ba volta de'i li cy fei — I will return at 11 o'clock."

femti — x_1(entity) is 10^-15 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo pa protoni cu femti lo mitre be li ji'i pa pi xa boi lo ka klani ma kau — A proton has a size of about 1.6 femtometres.

Related words: centi"

fendi — x_1(entity) divides x_2(entity) into x_3(entity)

lo fendi — divider. lo se fendi — divided.

mi fendi le najnimre ci spisa — I divide the orange into three pieces.

Related words: sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, frinu"

fengu — x_1(entity) is angry with x_2(entity) for x_{3(property of x2)}

lo fengu — angry.

ra pu fengu mi lo ka pu na klama — She was angry with me for not coming.

Related words: fanza, dunku"

fenki — x_1(clause) is crazy

lo fenki — crazy action.

le tcini cu fenki — The situation is crazy.

lo ka fengu cu klesi lo ka jai fenki — Anger is a form of madness.

Related words: bebna, racli, xajmi"

fenra — x_1(entity) is a crack in x_2(entity)

lo fenra — crack.

da fenra le bitmu — There is a crack in the wall.

Related words: kevna, cfila, jinto"

fenso — x_1(entity) sews or stitches x_{2(entity group)} together with tool x_3(entity) using filament x_4(entity)

le nixli pu fenso pa bukpu pa jesni pa cilta — The girl sewed pieces of cloth using a needle and a thread.

Related words: cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna"

fepni — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) cents/copecks in value in monetary system x_3(entity)

le penbi cu fepni li mu no lo ropno — The pen costs 50 eurocents.

Comment: describes money subunits like cents, kopecks.

Related words: sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu"

fepri — x_1(entity) is the lung of x_2(entity)

lo fepri — lung.

ro da pu sanga se rai lo ka pilno lo fepri be vo'a — Everybody sang at the top of their lungs.

Related words: pambe, vasxu"

ferti — x_1(entity) is fertile for growing x_{2(entity, property of x1)}

lo ferti — fertile.

lo vi tumla cu ferti lo ka te crepu lo vanjba — This land is fertile for reaping grapes.

ti noi fetsi cu ferti lo ka se tarbi — This female is fertile for conception.

Comment: covers both potential and actual/realized fertility.

Related words: vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange"

festi — x_1(entity) is waste from x_2(entity)

lo festi — waste.

ko bevri lo festi be lo grute lo klaji — Take the fruit scraps to the street.

Related words: xaksu, kalci, pinca"

fetsi — x_1(entity) is a female of species x_2(taxon) with feminine traits x_{3(property of x1)}

lo fetsi — female. lo te fetsi — feminine trait.

ti fetsi lo finpe lo ka se ganti ma kau — This fish is female in having a certain kind of gonads.

Related words: nakni"

fi [case tag] — prefix for the 3rd place of the current clause

mi dunda fe ti fi do — I give this to you.

mi mo'u klama fi le tsani — I came from the sky."

fi'a [case tag] — asks for the case tag like fa, fe, fi, fo, fu (that should go into the place to which fi'a is put)

lu do klama fi'a le zdani li'u lu fi li'u — "Are you going home, from home or?" "From home.""

fi'i [vocative] — you are welcome, make yourself at home (expression of hospitality), fi'i nai — expression of inhospitality

fi'i lo vitke be lo mi'a zdani — Welcome to our house.

do le'o co'e vi lo mi zdani fi'i nai — How dare you show up near my house, go away!

Comment: je'e is you are welcome for replies to thanks."

fi'o — turn clause into preposition/adverb

le mlatu pu plipe fi'o suksa — The cat jumped quickly.

le nabmi cu nandu fi'o jinvi so'i prenu — The problem is difficult according to many people."

fi'u [digit/number] — fraction slash; if no number to the left then '1' is assumed; when used alone equals to golden ratio (approximately '1.618')

re fi'u ci lo prenu na kakne lo ka limna — Two thirds of people can't swim.

fi'u re lo mlatu cu zabna — Half of the cats are nice.

lo ni clani fe'i lo ni ganra cu du li fi'u — The length is in golden ratio to the length."

figre — x_1(entity) is a fig of species x_2(taxon)

lo figre — fig.

mi nelci ti noi crino figre — I like these green figs.

Related words: grute"

finpe — x_1(entity) is a fish of species x_2(taxon)

lo finpe — fish.

mi nelci lo ka kalte lo finpe — I like fishing.

Related words: danlu"

finti — x_1(entity) invents or creates x_2(entity) for purpose x_3(entity) from existing elements or ideas x_4(entity)

lo finti — creator. lo se finti — creation (object created), creature. lo te finti — purpose of creation. lo ve finti — raw materials for creation.

mi pu finti pa lisri lo ka jai gau zdile le verba vau lo se vedli be mi — I created a story out of my real experience to amuse the child.

Related words: ciska, pemci, zbasu, larcu, prosa, skina"

firca — x_1(entity) flirts with x_2(entity) by doing x_{3(property of x1)}

ko sisti lo ka firca lo mensi be mi lo ka benji lo se dunda ri — Stop flirting with my sister by sending her gifts.

Related words: seksi, prami, jikca, melbi, tirna, tarti, gletu"

flalu — x_1(entity) is a law specifying x_{2(property of x3)} for community x_3(entity)

lo flalu — law.

lo flalu be lo ka na ralte lo gerku bei ro se zdani cu cizra — The law specifying that no citizen should keep a dog is crazy.

Comment: x₁ is the name of the law.

Related words: javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe"

flani — x_1(entity) is a flute, fife

lo flani — flute.

lo sance be le flani cu jai pluka — The flute has a pleasant sound.

Related words: zgike"

flaume — x_1(entity) is a plum of species x_2(taxon)

lo flaume — plum.

lo spisa be lo flaume torta ije uo mi ba'o xagji — A piece of a plum cake, and, voilà, I'm no longer hungry.

Comment: lo flaume poi grute is @@plum (fruit), lo flaume poi tricu is @@plum tree. flaume alone can denote either of them.

Related words: jbari, titla, grute, tricu"

flecu — x_1(entity) is a current in x_2(entity) flowing towards x_3(entity) from x_4(entity)

lo flecu — current (flow), flow (current).

ti flecu lo condi pa lalxu pa galtu krasi pe bu'u loi cmana — This is a current in a deep bed running towards a lake from high springheads in the mountains.

Comment: this word is dispreferred to flu'ente that has a place structure identical to muvdu."

fliba — x_1(entity) fails at doing x_{2(property of x1)}

mi za'u re'u fliba le cipra — I failed the test again.

le se troci pu se fliba — The attempt failed.

mi fliba lo ka tolcri le penbi — I can't find the pen.

Related words: cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, denpa, bebna, zunti"

flira — x_1(entity) is a face of body x_2(entity)

lo flira — face.

u'e melbi flira ra — What a nice face she has!

ra pu minde mi lo ka lumci lo flira be mi — He told me to wash my face.

Related words: sefta, stedu, crane, mebri"

flora — x_1(entity) is a flower of plant or species x_2(taxon) ; x₂ is in the bloom

lo flora — flower. lo se flora — blooming.

lo se flora poi do viska cu rozgu — This flower is a rose.

Related words: spati, panci, sumne"

flu'ente — x_1(entity) is a fluid flowing to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) via the route x_4(entity)

lo flu'ente — fluent, fluid, flow.

ti flu'ente pa lalxu pa galtu krasi pe bu'u loi cmana lo condi — This is a current in a deep bed running towards a lake from high springheads in the mountains.

lo flu'ente pe lo bu'u tcadu cu carmi — The traffic in this city is intense.

lo nazbi be mi cu ve flu'ente — I have a runny nose.

le cmana mo'u se flu'ente lo glare — The mountain erupted jetting hot matter.

Comment: muvdu is a more general term. senta is for where no directionality is implied.

Related words: rirxe, naxle, senta, rinci, xampo, letri, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu"

fo [case tag] — prefix for the 4th place of the current clause

mi pu ciksi fe lo nu mi pu na zvati vau fo lo nu mi pu bilma — I explained that I was absent because I was ill."

foldi — x_1(entity) is a field made of material x_2(entity)

lo foldi — field.

mi vreta bu'u pa foldi be lo flora — I'm lying on a flower field.

Related words: purdi, cange"

fonmo — x_1(entity) is some foam or froth of material x_2(entity) with bubbles of material x_3(entity)

lo fonmo — foam. lo te fonmo — bubble in foam.

le glare pu ru'i cupra lo fonmo be lo djacu bei lo gapci — The heat was producing bubbles of gas in the water.

Related words: zbabu"

fonxa — x_1(entity) is a phone or modem in network x_2(entity)

lo fonxa — telephone, phone. lo se fonxa — phone network.

ti fonxa lo skori e nai lo te cradi — This is a landline phone, not a radiophone.

Related words: tcana"

forca — x_1(entity) is a fork for x_2(clause) with tines x_3(entity) on base x_4(entity)

lo forca — fork.

ti forca lo nu jukpa vau lo ci mei lo mudri — This is a wooden fork for cooking with three tines.

Related words: dakfu, smuci, kombitu, tutci"

fragari — x_1(entity) is a strawberry of species/breed x_2(taxon)

lo fragari — strawberry.

lo fragari cu je'a titla — Strawberries are really sweet.

Related words: jbari, grute, rozgu"

fraso — x_1(entity) is French in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo fraso — French.

xu do tavla fo lo fraso — Do you speak French?

Related words: ropno"

fraxu — x_1(entity) forgives x_2(entity) for x_{3(property of x2)}

lo te fraxu — action forgiven.

ko fraxu mi lo ka jai lerci — Forgive me for being late.

Related words: dunda, permite, zungi"

frica — x_1(entity) differs from x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)}

lo frica — something different.

mi frica do lo ka nelci ma kau — You and I differ from each other in what we like.

Related words: ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici"

friko — x_1(entity) is African in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo friko — African.

au mi viska lo friko xanto — I want to see African elephants.

Related words: ropno, xazdo"

frili — x_{1(property of x2)} is easy for x_2(entity)

lo frili — easy.

ti noi karce cu jai frili fai lo ka se sazri — This car is easy to handle.

na pu frili mi fa lo ka tolcri lei ckiku — It wasn't easy for me to find the keys.

Related words: nandu, sampu, zifre"

frinu — x_1(entity) is a fraction of x_2(entity) divided by x_3(entity)

lo frinu — fraction. lo se frinu — numerator of a fraction. lo te frinu — denominator of a fraction.

li re frinu li bi li vo — 2 = 8 / 2.

Related words: parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi"

friti — x_1(entity) offers x_{2(entity, property of x1)} to x_3(entity)

lo se friti — offering.

mi pu friti fi le mamta fe lo ka sidju le verba lo ka klama lo cnita — I offered the mother to help the child to go down.

Related words: canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke"

frumu — x_1(entity) frowns

ra pu frumu ca lo ka catlu mi — He frowned looking at me.

Related words: cmila, cisma"

fu [case tag] — prefix for the 5th place of the current clause

mi ba benji lo xatra fu lo kibro — I will send the letter via the internet."

fu'au [interjection] — luckily, fu'au nai — unluckily

fu'au mi se permite fi lo ka dasni lo tordu skaci — Luckily, I'm allowed to wear a short skirt.

do ca zvati lo zdani fu'au dai — You are now at home, lucky you.

fu'au nai lo vi dacti na mutce da'i lo ka plixau — Unluckily, this thing wouldn't be of big help.

fu'au nai no da pu ganse lo nu le ninmu ba'o kansa mi'a — Unluckily, no one noticed that she was no longer with us.

Related words: zabna, funca, ui, di'ai"

fu'e — creates a scope (brackets) of influence for an interjection

mi viska lo fu'e ia cizra zdani fu'o ponse — I can see an owner of what I believe is a strange house.

mi ca klama lo drata tcadu fu'e ta'o de'i li jy dy re te zu'e lo ka viska loi mi rirni fu'o — I am going to another city (on Tuesday, by the way, to visit my parents)."

fu'i [interjection suffix] — the state has been achieved easily, fu'i nai — state has been achieved hard

e'e fu'i mi cpare le cmana — I can easily climb the mountain, I can go for it!

ui fu'i nai mi tsuku lo korbi be le tcadu — Yay, that was hard but now I'm at the edge of the city.

Related words: frili"

fu'o [terminator] — ends a construct started with: fu'e"

fukpi — x_1(entity) is a copy of x_2(entity) in form x_3(entity) made by method x_4(clause)

lo fukpi — copy, replica.

mi ralte pa fukpi be ti noi pixra bei pa bukpu pe lo jubme bei lo nu prina — I have a printed copy of this picture made as a tablecloth.

Related words: krefu, rapli, gidva, zi'evla"

fulta — x_1(entity) floats in or on gas or fluid x_2(entity)

lo morsi pezli xu fulta lo sefta be le djacu — Dead leaves float on the surface of the water.

Related words: limna, bloti, sakli"

funca — x_1(clause) is determined by the good or bad luck of x_2(entity)

lo funca — luck (good or bad).

mi se funca lo ka se jundi ro da — I'm lucky in that everybody listens to me.

Related words: cunso, mabla, zabna"

fusra — x_1(entity) rots or decays

lo fusra — rotting.

pa perli mo'u fusra — There is one pear and it is rotten.

Related words: birje, vanju, vifne"

fuzme — x_1(entity) is responsible for x_2(clause) to authority x_3(entity)

lo fuzme — responsible for, accountable for.

la alis pu jai se facki fai lo ka na fuzme le zekri vau le kamni — Alice was found not responsible for the crime by the committee.

Related words: bilga"

fy [pronoun] — f (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like fy is for the last lo frumu used."

ga [forethought conjunction] — and/or

ga mi citka gi mi kelci — I either eat or play, or do both.

Comment: used to connect nouns, adverbs, verbs, clauses. Shows that at least one of the constructs inside ga ... gi is true."

ga'a [preposition from zgana] — to observer ..., observed by ..., adverb: being observed

ga'a mi ca cerni — To me it's morning now.

Comment: not limited to vision. When used as a preposition (with a noun after it) the clause itself describes what is being observed. When used after ne the clause itself describes sense via one observes."

ga'i [interjection] — expressing hauteur, ga'i cu'i — expressing equal rank, ga'i nai — meekness (used with one of lower rank)

do nitcu ma doi pikci ga'i — What do you need, you beggar?

mi ro do ga'i cu'i tavla — I'm talking to you, my peers.

e'o doi turni ko sidju mi'a ga'i nai sai — Please, governor, help us, worthless people.

Related words: gapru, cnita"

ga'u [preposition of cardinal direction] — up from ..., adverb: above

pu bumru ga'u lo lalxu — There was mist over the river."

gacri — x_1(entity) is a lid for covering x_2(entity)

lo gacri — lid. lo se gacri — something with a lid.

lo snime cu gacri le dertu — Snow covers the ground.

Related words: pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, botpi, bitmu, calku"

gadri — x_1(text) is a gadri, a grammatical particle producing noun out of verb x_2(text)

lo gadri — gadri (grammatical particle).

zo le gadri lu nu dansu li'u — le is a gadri.

Comment: lo, le, la, lai, loi, lei, lo'e, le'e are the most common gadri.

Related words: valsi, cmavo"

gai [digit/number] — hex digit C (decimal 12), twelve, dozen

mi citka de'i li cy gai — I eat at noon (12 o'clock)."

galfi — x_1(entity) transforms, modifies, changes x_2(entity) into x_3(entity)

lo galfi — modifier, transformer.

le mamta pu galfi le rectu jo'u le nanba lo pluka snuji — Mother turned the meat and the bread into lovely sandwiches.

ju'o le ninmu ba galfi la kevin lo speni be vo'a — I'm sure she will make Kevin her spouse.

lo lenku brife pu galfi le pezli lo bunre — The cold wind turned the leaves brown.

Comment: binxo describes that entity turns into another entity, galfi is to turn one entity into another one. cenba describes how entity changes its state while remaining the same entity, stika is to make entity change its state.

Related words: stika, binxo, cenba, zasni"

galtu — x_1(entity) is high in reference frame x_2(entity) ; x₁ is an upper part of x₂

lo galtu — high.

le cipni cu galtu mi — The bird is high compared to me.

Related words: gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna"

galxe — x_1(entity) is a throat of x_2(entity)

lo galxe — throat.

da'i lo djacu cu xamgu lo galxe be do — Water would be fine for your throat.

Related words: cnebo, kevna, tunlo"

ganlo — portal x_1(entity) is closed, preventing access to place x_2(entity) for object x_3(entity)

lo ganlo — closed.

le vorme cu ganlo lo nenri lo fange — The door is closed not letting the strangers in.

Related words: kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti"

ganra — x_1(entity) is broad or wide in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ganra — broad, wide.

le tricu cu ganra lo ka se midju — The tree is thick in the middle.

Comment: the second largest dimension. ganra, rotsu and clani specify the three dimensions of objects.

Related words: clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, gutci, minli"

ganse — x_1(entity) detects or senses x_2(entity) by means x_{3(property of x1)}

lo se ganse — feeling (sensation).

mi ganse lo nu ti cpina vau lo ka smaka ri — I sense it being irritating by tasting it.

Related words: pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, zgana, canci, simlu"

ganti — x_1(entity) is a gonad/ovary of x_2(entity) of sex x_3(entity)

lo ganti — gonad. lo te ganti — sex (biological).

lo xanto cu se ganti lo barda lo nakni — Male elephants have large testicles.

Related words: plibu, sovda, nakpinji, gutra, mabla"

ganxo — x_1(entity) is the anus of x_2(entity)

lo ganxo — anus.

le mikce pu kucli tu'a lo nabmi pe lo ganxo be le nanmu — The doctor was curious about the problem with the anus of the man.

Related words: zargu, kalci, mabla, rinci"

ganzu — x_1(entity) organizes chaos x_2(entity) into order x_3(entity) by principle x_{4(proposition)}

lo ganzu — organizer. lo se ganzu — chaotic, not organized. lo te ganzu — organized.

le turni pu ganzu lo ruble prenu lo vlipa jenmi lo ka bapli lo nu le jenmi cu zukte lo te minde — He turned weak people into a powerful army by making them execute orders.

Related words: ciste, morna, stura, cabra"

gapci — x_1(entity) is a gas

lo gapci — gas.

ti noi karce cu se livla lo gapci — This car is powered by gas.

Related words: pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, danmo, bumru, cidro, flu'ente"

gapru — x_1(entity) is directly above x_2(entity)

lo gapru — something above.

le solri ca gapru mi — The Sun is now above me.

Related words: tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna"

garna — x_1(entity) is a railing or bar supporting or restraining x_2(entity)

lo garna — rail.

ti garna lo xance — This is a handrail.

Related words: kamju, grana, tutci"

gasnu — x_1(entity) causes x_2(clause) to happen

lo gasnu — agent.

do pu gasnu lo nu mi klaku — You made me cry.

Comment: lo zukte is who do something themselves, lo gasnu is agent who causes something, lo se jalge is event that causes something.

Related words: gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu, jibri, kakne, pilno"

gasta — x_1(entity) is some steel

lo gasta — steel.

lo balre be ti noi dakfu cu gasta — The blade of this knife is made of steel.

Related words: jinme, molki, tirse"

gau [preposition from gasnu] — with active agent ...

ba gau mi do cliva — I will make you leave.

mi pu jai gau citka fai lo verba — I fed the child.

Comment: the clause describes the event cause by the agent; agent/ergative case tag."

ge [forethought conjunction] — and

mi ge citka lo torta gi pinxe lo jisra — I both eat the cake and drink some juice.

Comment: used to connect nouns, adverbs, verbs, clauses. Shows that both constructs inside ge ... gi are true."

ge'e [interjection] — attitude unspecified or known from context

ge'e lo mi mlatu mo'u se jbena pa no da — Well, my cat has given birth to ten kittens."

ge'i [forethought conjunction] — question

lu do ge'i citka lo torta gi pinxe lo jisra li'u lu ge li'u — "What connective of GA series matches your situation: you eat a cake, you drink some juice?" "I do both."

Comment: used to connect nouns, adverbs, verbs, clauses."

ge'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: goi, ne, pe, po'e"

genja — x_1(entity) is a root of x_2(entity)

lo genja — root.

ti noi spati cu se genja lo clani — This plant has long roots.

Related words: jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi"

genxu — x_1(entity) is a hook

lo genxu — hook.

mi pu kavbu pa finpe pa genxu — I caught a fish with a hook.

Related words: korcu"

gerku — x_1(entity) is a dog of species x_2(taxon)

lo gerku — dog.

mi jai gau citka fa lo gerku pe mi re roi ro djedi — I feed my dog twice a day.

Related words: lorxu, labno, mlatu"

gerna — x_{1(proposition)} is the grammar of language x_2(entity) for structure x_3(text)

lo gerna — grammar. lo te gerna — text.

lo du'u lo gadri cu lidne lo selbri cu gerna la lojban lo sumti — That gadri precede selbri is the grammar of Lojban for sumti.

Related words: bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra"

gi [middle separator] — separator of the two parts in the forethought connection

ge do gi mi nelci lo perli — Both you and I like pears."

gi'a [connective for clause tail] — and/or

mi citka gi'a sanga — I do at least one of the following: I drink and I sing. I drink or I sing."

gi'e [connective for clause tail] — and

ai mi lumci lo kumfa gi'e jukpa lo torta — I'm going to clean the room and cook a cake."

gi'e nai [connective for clause tail] — and not

mi tavla bau la lojban gi'e nai certu — I speak Lojban but I'm not an expert."

gi'i [connective for clause tail] — question

do klama gi'i stali — Are you going or staying?"

gi'o [connective for clause tail] — both or none

i ro da ka'e prenu gi'o ka'e tavla — Everyone either can be a person and can talk, or have none of that.

Comment: describes event requiring both connected main verbs to be true in respect to their shared nouns."

gi'u [connective for clause tail] — whether or not

mi citka gi'u sanga — I eat (whether or not I sing)."

gidva — x_1(entity) guides or leads x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x2)}

lo gidva — guide (conductor).

ra gidva mi lo ka tadni la lojban — He guides me in studying Lojban.

Related words: jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, fukpi, morna"

gigdo — x_1(entity) is a billion, 10⁹ of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo vi tcana cu gigdo lo bitni lo ka benji ca ro snidu — This network station sends 1 gigabit of data per second.

Related words: centi"

ginka — x_1(entity) is a camp of inhabitants x_2(entity)

lo ginka — camp. lo se ginka — camper.

mi'ai pu zbasu pa ginka pe bu'u le lalxu — We made camp near the lake.

mi'ai pu se ginka ze'a lo jeftu — We camped there for a week.

Comment: temporary residence.

Related words: dinju, xabju, zdani"

girzu — x_1(entity) is a group with common feature x_{2(property of x1)}

lo girzu — group.

mi cmima pa girzu be lo ka tadni la lojban — I am a member of a group of those who learn Lojban.

Related words: bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici"

gismu — x_1(text) is a root verb

lo gismu — gismu (root verb).

zo zgana gismu — zgana is a gismu (root verb).

Related words: selbrivla, lujvo, zi'evla, cmevla"

glare — x_1(entity) is hot

lo glare — hot.

le tcati cu glare — The tea is hot.

Related words: lenku"

gleki — x_1(entity) is happy about x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

lo gleki — happy.

mi gleki lo nu do jinga — I am happy that you won.

Related words: badri, cinmo"

gletu — x_1(entity) copulates or mates with x_2(entity)

ko na gletu ra mu'i lo nu do djica ku po'o — Don't have sex with her just because you want to.

Related words: seksi, nakpinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni"

glico — x_1(entity) is English in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo glico — English.

mi traduki lo vi uenzi lo glico — I'm translating this text to English.

Related words: sralo"

gluta — x_1(entity) is a glove or mitten

lo gluta — glove.

le gluta pu jai gau stodi fai lo xance be ra lo ka mligla — The gloves kept her hands warm.

Related words: taxfu"

go [forethought conjunction] — both or none

go la alis ba lumci lo kumfa gi la kevin cu sidju la alis — Alice will clean a room if, and only if, Kevin helps her.

Comment: used to connect nouns, adverbs, verbs, clauses. Shows that the construct inside ga ... gi is true only if the cosntruct after gi is true."

go'a [verb] — copies a recent completed main level clause

au mi ne ka'ai do zgana lo cnino skina i ku'i za'a do ca zukcfu so'i da i ca ma mi'o ka'e go'a — I'd like to watch a new movie with you. But as I can see you are very busy now. When can we do that?"

go'i [verb] — copies the last completed main main level clause

au mi penmi do i xu lo nu go'i cu cumki — I'd like to meet you. Is this possible?"

go'o [verb] — copies the next main main level clause

sa'u mi pu jinvi lo nu go'o i do mutce lo ka tatpi — I simply thought this: you are very tired."

gocti — x_1(entity) is 10^-24 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo pa protoni cu gocti lo grake be li ji'i pa pi ze bei lo ka tilju — Proton is approximately 1.7 Yoctogram.

Related words: centi"

goi — that will from now on be called ... (a noun follows)

i'a da goi ko'a dinju — Okay, so there is a house, let's call it ko'a from now on.

ko'a simlu lo ka zarci i je lo so'i prenu ta'e klama lo nenri ce'o bartu i ji'a cinri fa lo nu pa canko be ko'a cu spofu — ko'a looks like a store, many people go in and out. In addition, it's interesting that there is a window in ko'a that is broken."

gotro — x_1(entity) is 10²⁴ of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo terdi cu gotro lo grake be li ji'i pa ki'o boi lo ka tilju — The mass of the Earth is approximately 6000 Yottagram.

Related words: centi"

gradu — x_1(entity) is a unit on scale x_{2(property of x1 with kau)} measuring x_{3(property of x1 with kau)}

lo gradu — unit. lo se gradu — scale with units.

lo centi be lo mitre cu gradu lo ka mitre vau lo ka te sepli — Centimeter is a unit on metric scale, which measures distance.

Related words: ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, ranti, selci"

grake — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) grams in weight

lo se grake — weight in grams.

lei plise cu grake li pa ki'o — The apples are 1 kilogram in weight.

Related words: junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, centi"

grana — x_1(entity) is a rod or pole

lo grana — rod, stick.

ra pu jgari pa grana — He was holding a rod.

Related words: garna"

grasu — x_1(entity) is some grease, oil

lo grasu — grease.

ko punji lo so'o grasu le xislu — Put some grease on the wheel.

ri se savru — It squeaks.

Related words: ctile, matne, plana"

gredile — x_1(entity) is a grill/grid/graticule consisting of lines x_2(entity)

lo gredile — grill, grid. lo se gredile — line of a grid.

ti gredile lo ci pinta jo'u lo re sraji — It's a grid with three horizontal and two vertical lines.

Comment: see cartu, sraji, pinta, kamju.

Related words: greku, kamju, sraji, pinta"

greku — x_1(entity) is a frame or structure supporting x_2(entity)

lo greku — frame.

lo greku be le bitmu cu mudri — The frame of the fence is wooden.

Related words: korbi, stura, tsina, bongu"

grusi — x_1(entity) is gray

lo grusi — gray.

ca lo nicte ro mlatu cu grusi — At night, all cats are grey.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi"

grute — x_1(entity) is a fruit of species x_2(taxon)

lo grute — fruit (of a plant).

ti noi grute be lo plise cu crino — This apple fruit is green.

Related words: badna, dembi, figre, tcilokoiotli, narge, perli, pilka, plise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimre"

gu [forethought conjunction] — whether or not

la alis cu gu stati gi melbi — Alice is smart whether or not she is beautiful.

Comment: used to connect nouns, adverbs, verbs, clauses."

gu'a [forethought conjunction for tanru] — and/or

le nu litru ba gu'a clani gi ckape — The journey will be dangerous or long."

gu'e [forethought conjunction for tanru] — and

ca pa djedi mi ba gu'e badri gi gleki da — One day there will be something so that I will be both sad and happy about."

gu'i [forethought conjunction for tanru] — question

lu do gu'i citka gi pinxe li'u lu ge li'u — "Do you eat or drink?" "Both.""

gu'o [forethought conjunction for tanru] — both or none

ai mi te vecnu lo gu'o cnino gi kargu karce — I'm going to buy an expensive car if and only if it is new."

gu'u [forethought conjunction for tanru] — whether or not

ai mi te vecnu lo gu'u kargu gi cnino karce — I'm going to buy a new car whether or not it is expensive."

gubni — x_1(entity) is public to community x_2(entity)

lo gubni — public. lo se gubni — community with something public.

le panka cu gubni lo prenu — The park is public and open to people.

Related words: sivni"

gugde — x_1(entity) is the country of inhabitants x_2(entity) with territory x_3(entity)

lo gugde — country. lo se gugde — citizen of a country. lo te gugde — territory of a country.

ti gugde lo cilce prenu lo na'e barda — This is a country of wild people covering not a big territory.

Related words: turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra, lanci"

gumri — x_1(entity)  is a mushroom of species x_2(taxon)

lo gumri — mushroom.

ti noi gumri cu vindu lo remna — This mushroom is poisonous to humans.

Related words: mledi"

gundi — x_1(entity) is industry producing x_2(entity) by process or means x_3(clause)

lo gundi — industry. lo se gundi — product of an industry. lo te gundi — industrial process.

le gundi be lo taxfu be lo ka macnu se cupra cu carmi lo ka farvi — The industry of producing handmade dresses is intensely developing.

mi se cuntu lo gundi be lo zgike — I am involved in music industry.

Related words: cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu"

gunka — x_1(entity) works on x_{2(property of x1)} with goal x_{3(clause, property of x1)}

lo gunka — worker. lo se gunka — work activity. lo te gunka — work goal.

mi gunka lo ka tadni la lojban vau lo ka sutra tavla bau la lojban — I'm working on learning Lojban in order to quickly talk in it.

Comment: zukte need not be labor.

Related words: sazri, gasnu, se jibri, briju, lazni, akti, selfu"

gunma — x_1(entity) is a joint mass, team of components that are x_{2(entity group)}

lo gunma — mass, aggregate. lo se gunma — component of a mass.

pa gunma be lo prenu ca'o sruri le dinju — The crowd of people is surrounding the building.

Comment: x₂ describes the whole set. For a particular member of a set use cmima.

Related words: bende, girzu, pagbu, loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, joi"

gunro — x_1(entity) rolls on surface x_2(entity) rotating on axis or axle x_3(entity)

i ba bo le verba co'a gunro pa salpo mo'i ni'a fi lo cutne be vo'a — And then the child started rolling down the slope rotating around his chest.

mi ca'o gunro lo vacri — I am spinning in the air.

Related words: bolci, carna, jendu, slanu"

gunse — x_1(entity) is a goose of species x_2(taxon)

lo gunse — goose.

ju'i do ci gunse ca'o limna le lalxu — Hey, look, three geese are swimming in the lake.

Related words: cipni"

gunta — x_1(entity) attacks x_2(entity) with goal x_{3(property of x1)}

lo gunta — attacker. lo se gunta — attacked.

loi ratcu ca'o gunta le dinju lo ka cpacu lo gurni — Rats are attacking the building to get the grain.

Related words: bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, jenca, jursa"

gurni — x_1(entity) is grain from plant x_2(entity)

lo gurni — grain.

mi vi ku ralte lo gurni be lo zumri — I keep here maize grain.

Related words: bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, mraji, rismi, sobde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu"

guska — x_1(entity) erodes x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo guska — blade, scraper, erosive, abrasive.

mi pu guska lo skapi lo cidni be mi — I scraped the skin off my knees.

Related words: balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra"

gusni — x_1(entity) is light falling down on x_2(entity) from source x_3(entity) ; x₃ illuminates x₂ with illumination x₁

lo gusni — light (illumination). lo se gusni — illuminated. lo te gusni — illuminator.

lo fagri pu te gusni le kevna lo xunre — The fire illuminated the cave with red light.

Related words: dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, kantu"

gusta — x_1(entity) is a restaurant serving food x_2(entity) to x_3(entity)

lo gusta — restaurant.

banli gusta — Nice restaurant.

bu'u le xotli da gusta lo kukte lo vitke be le xotli — In the hotel there is a restaurant serving tasty food to guests of the hotel.

Related words: selfu, barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli"

gutci — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) short distance units in standard x_{3(property of x1)}

le jubme cu gutci li re lo ka mitre — The table is two meters in size.

Comment: describes measurement of an object in one dimension. x₃ desribes the scale that might not be metric. minli is used in the same way but for subjectively large objects.

Related words: minli, clani, ganra, rotsu, condi, mitre, dekpu, merli, bunda, kramu"

gutra — x_1(entity) is the womb of x_2(entity)

lo gutra — womb.

lo gutra be lo mamta be mi pu se vimcu — My mother had uterus removed.

Related words: jbena, rorci, sovda, tarbi, ganti, mabla"

gy [pronoun] — g (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like gy is for the last lo grana used."

i — separates sentences

da vi fasnu i je lo nu da mo kau cu na klina — Something is happening here, and what it is isn't exactly clear."

i bu [pronoun] — i (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like i bu is for the last lo intele used."

i'a [interjection] — OK (acceptance), i'a nai — resistance

i'a mi ba denpa — Okay, I will wait.

i'a mi na certu — Well, I'm not an expert.

lo danfu i'a nai cu ei drata — No, the solution doesn't satisfy me, it should be different.

Related words: mansa, fapro, fi'i"

i'e [interjection] — Fine! (approval), i'e cu'i — non-approval, i'e nai — Boo! (disapproval)

i'e do pu gunka lo vajni — Very good! You did an important work.

i'e cu'i do pu tsuku ca lo se tcika — Well, okay, you arrived on time.

i'e nai do jai lerci — Oy, you are late.

Related words: zanru"

i'i [interjection] — togetherness, comradeship, i'i nai — antagonistically

i'i do badri doi pendo — You are sad, I know that feeling, bro.

i'i nai mi zukte lo na me do moi — It's your problems, I'm not doing your work.

Related words: kansa, gunma, sivni, sepli"

i'o [interjection] — appreciation, i'o nai — envy

i'o do je'a pendo — Ah, you're a true friend.

i'o nai do ro roi se funca lo zabna — Mmm, you are always lucky.

Related words: ckire, jilra"

i'u [interjection] — familiarity, i'u nai — unfamiliarity, mystery

coi i'u — Greetings, old friend.

i'u lo vi plise cu kukte — Yes, these apples are sweet.

ti i'u nai xotli — It's some hotel.

Related words: slabu"

ia [interjection] — belief, ia cu'i — allegedly (skepticism), ia nai — Pshaw! (disbelief)

ia drani — I believe that's correct.

mi viska lo ponse be ia lo blanu zdani — I see an owner of what I believe to be a blue house.

ia cu'i le prenu cu catra — Allegedly, he is the murderer.

ia nai le prenu cu stace mi — I don't believe, he is frank with me.

Related words: krici, jinvi"

ie [interjection] — Yeah! Aye! (agreement), ie nai — disagreement

ie la kevin ka'e pu zvati ti — Yes, Alice could be here.

le danlu cu morsi ie nai — No, I don't agree that the animal is dead.

Related words: tugni"

ii [interjection] — Eek! Yikes! (fear), ii nai — safeness

ii da klama — Eek, there is someone coming!

ii nai le djacu na ba kuspe mi'o — The water won't reach us.

Related words: terpa, snura"

incipe — x_1(clause) is the beginning/the initial stage/starting/inchoate/coming into existence/first part of x_2(clause)

lo incipe — beginning (first part) of an event.

lo nu zgipli cu incipe le se tigni — Playing music is the initial part of the performance.

Related words: ultime, cfari, sisti, krasi, fanmo, mulno"

influ'enza — x_1(entity) is an influenza, grippe, flu

lo influ'enza — influenza, grippe, flu.

i mi bilma fi lo influ'enza — I've got the flu.

Related words: bilma"

info — x_{1(proposition)} is information about x_{2(proposition)} gathered by method x_3(clause)

lo info — information. lo te info — method of gathering information.

lo info be lo nu vofli cu vajni mi — The information about flights is important to me.

lo ka gasnu lo zekri cu info le nanmu lo ka zgana lo se zukte be ce'u — That he is a criminal is the information about the man collected by monitoring his actions.

Related words: datni, vreji, kucli, djuno"

insekto — x_1(entity) is an insect of species x_2(taxon)

lo insekto — insect.

mi se cinri lo ka tadni lo insekto — I am interested in studying insects.

Related words: cinki, civla, danlu, blato, ankabuta, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce"

intele — x_{1(property of x2)} is an intellect of bearer x_2(entity)

lo intele — intellect.

lo ka facki lo du'u ma kau drani cu intele lo panzi be mi — The ability to determine who is right is the sign of high intellect of my child.

Comment: the realized capacity of thinking, judging, abstract reasoning, and conceptual understanding; the cognitive capacity.

Related words: menli, besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni"

io [interjection] — respect, io nai — disrespect

ko io jersi mi — This way, Sir!

ko io nai ti klama — Get your asses over here!

Related words: sinma"

irci — x_1(entity) is an IRC user, chats in IRC on channel x_2(entity) in network x_3(entity)

lo irci — IRC user.

la tom cu irci la'o .net.#lojban.net. la'o gy.freenode.gy — Tom chats in IRC channel #lojban of freenode network.

Related words: jikca, kibro"

iu [interjection] — Aww! Mm! (love), iu cu'i — no love lost, iu nai — hatred

da'i mi stali — I'd love to stay.

do iu nai na pu sidju mi — You didn't help me, hate you!

cakla iu nai — I hate chocolate.

Related words: prami"

ja [conjunction] — and/or

ba'a le tanxe cu barda ja tilju — I expect the box to be big or heavy (at least one of the two characteristics)."

ja'a [preposition of truth/falsehood] — It is true that ...

mi ja'a jimpe — I do understand."

ja'a [2nd meaning] — left affirmer in conjunctions

la alis pu ku sinma ja'a gi'e nai sidju vau mi — Alice did respect me but didn't help me."

ja'ai [1st meaning: interjection] — affirms attitude. Used as a modifier of interjection

ui ja'ai — Yay indeed!

Comment: affirmative/negation pairs are ja'ai/nai, ja'a/na, je'a/na'e, jo'a/na'i."

ja'ai [2nd meaning: right scaler] — affirms prepositions, pronouns, clauses, verb words

mi pu citka se pi'o ja'ai lo forca — I ate indeed using a fork."

ja'ai [3rd meaning] — placed after a connective affirms the part after that connective

mi djica na gi'e ja'ai bredi — I don't want but I'm ready."

ja'e [preposition from jalge] — resulting in ...

i ja'e bo mi pu bilga lo ka volta — Therefore, I had to return.

mi pu tatpi i ja'e bo mi co'a sipna — I was so tired that I fell asleep."

ja'o [interjection] — I conclude

ja'o do merko — Then, you must be an American.

ja'o do na nelci lo birje — So, you don't like beer.

Related words: nibli"

jabre — x_1(entity) brakes or slows activity x_2(clause) with mechanism or principle x_{3(property of x1)}

do jabre lo nu mi gunka vau lo ka ru'i tavla — You slow my work down by your constant talk.

Related words: mosra"

jadni — x_1(entity) is a decoration of x_2(entity)

lo jadni — ornament, decoration (ornament). lo se jadni — adorned.

lo tarci cu jadni le tsani — Stars decorate the sky.

Related words: jemna, dirba, batke"

jai [1st meaning] — Splits a clause into "some noun + cu jai" and "fai lo ka+the rest of the clause"

lei ckiku cu jai nandu fai lo ka se tolcri i va'i lo nu tolcri lei ckiku cu nandu — The keys are hard to find. In other words, to find the keys is difficult."

jai [2nd meaning] — Some noun + jai + some preposition take the first place of the main verb. The old first place can be expressed with the case marker fai

mi jai gau farvi fai lo proga i va'i gau mi lo proga cu farvi — I develop a program. In other words, with me as the agent the program develops."

jakne — x_1(entity) is a rocket

lo jakne — rocket.

le jakne ba klama fi le terdi fe le lunra — The rocket will go from the Earth to the Moon.

Related words: cecla, danti, spoja"

jalge — x_1(clause) is the result or outcome of x_2(clause)

lo jalge — outcome of an event, result of an event.

le snuti pu se jalge lo nu le nakni pu na jundi — The accident happened because he hadn't been careful.

lo cizra pu jalge — There ensued something strange.

Related words: se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, ja'e, ciksi"

jalna — x_1(entity) is some starch

lo jalna — starch.

ta'i ma jukpa lo rismi se pi'o nai lo jalna — How to cook rice without starch?

Related words: patlu, samcu"

jamfu — x_1(entity) is a foot of x_2(entity)

lo jamfu — foot.

lo jamfu be mi cu lenku — My feet are cold.

Related words: jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji"

jamna — x_1(entity) wars against x_2(entity) over territory or matter x_{3(proposition)}

lo te jamna — reason for a war.

la alis jo'u la meilis pu jamna zu'ai lo du'u jdice lo du'u ma kau traji lo ka melbi vau lo me vo'a — Alice and Mei Lee were at war with each other in deciding who was prettier among them.

Comment: war (lo nu jamna) usually consists of battles (lo nu damba).

Related words: bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, darlu"

janbe — x_1(entity) is a bell or chime producing sound x_2(entity)

lo janbe — bell. lo se janbe — sound of a bell.

mi pu tirna lo janbe be lo cladu — I heard a loud bell ringing.

Related words: zgike, tonga, desku, slilu"

janco — x_1(entity) is a joint attaching limbs x_{2(entity group)}

lo janco — joint. lo se janco — limb with a joint.

lo anka cu janco lo tuple jo'u lo cutne — Ankle is a joint between chest and leg.

Comment: lo tornozelo is ankle, lo anka is hip.

Related words: birka, tornozelo, anka"

janli — x_1(entity) collides with or crashes into x_2(entity)

bu'u le klaji mi co'i janli pa pendo be mi — I bumped into a friend of mine in the street.

Related words: darxi"

jansu — x_1(entity) is a diplomat representing polity x_2(entity) in negotiation/with function x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jansu — diplomat. lo te jansu — diplomatic negotiation.

mi jansu lo gugde pe mi lo ka du lo prenu poi jdice vau fau lo nu casnu lo nu lebna lo ctile — I represented my country in discussions on getting oil as a person that takes decisions.

Comment: lo krati (representative) is a more broad term.

Related words: jecta, krati"

janta — x_1(entity) is a bill, invoice for goods or service x_{2(property of x3)} billed to x_3(entity) by x_4(entity)

lo janta — bill, invoice, account (bill).

ti jatna lo grute lo kagni pe mi lo te vecnu pe lo drata gugde — This is a bill for the fruits issued to my company by customers from another country.

Related words: jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, dejni, jbera"

jarbu — x_1(entity) is a suburban area of x_2(entity)

lo jarbu — suburban area.

mi se zdani lo jarbu be la london — I live in the suburbs of London.

Related words: nurma, se tcadu"

jarco — x_1(entity) demonstrates or shows x_{2(property of x1)} to x_3(entity)

lo se jarco — demonstrated, manifested property.

fi mi'a fa la alis cu jarco lo ka stati — To us Alice appeared to be smart.

la kevin cu jarco lo ka gidva — Kevin acts as a guide.

Related words: tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, mipri, simlu"

jarki — x_1(entity) is narrow in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)}

lo jarki — narrow.

le dargu cu jarki lo ka se pagbu ti — The road is narrow here.

Comment: the second largest dimension. tordu, jarki and cinla specify the three dimensions of objects.

Related words: caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cmalu"

jaspu — x_1(entity) is a passport issued to x_2(entity) by x_3(entity) allowing x_{4(property of x2)}

lo jaspu — passport, account (registry to a service), permit (document). lo se jaspu — something having a passport.

e'o lo jaspu be do — Your passport, please.

ti jaspu mi lo jecta lo ka klama la nipon — This is my passport issued by the state allowing me to go to Japan.

Related words: pikta, catni, permite"

jatna — x_1(entity) is a commander or leader of x_2(entity)

lo jatna — commander, leader, captain, boss.

le jatna be lo kamni pe mi'o cu jinvi ma — What does the commander of our committee think?

Related words: jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, gidva, bloti"

jau [digit/number] — hex digit D (decimal 13), thirteen

e'u mi'o zu'ai penmi de'i li cy jau — Let's meet at 1pm."

javni — x_{1(property of x3)} is a rule mandating x_{2(property of x3)} in x_3(entity)

lo javni — rule. lo se javni — prescribed by a rule. lo te javni — people to whom the rule is applied.

mi te javni lo ka co'u tavla gi'e co'a jundi — I should stop talking and start listening in order to learn.

e'u zukte lo javni be lo ka di'i retsku — I suggest you follow the rule or regularly asking questions.

Related words: flalu, ritli, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri"

jbama — x_1(entity) is a bomb with explosive x_2(entity)

lo jbama — bomb. lo se jbama — explosive of a bomb.

lo jbama be lo djacu cu se pilno mi'a lo ka jai gau sisti lo nu fagri — Water bombs are used by us to stop fire.

Related words: cecla, spoja"

jbari — x_1(entity) is a berry of plant x_2(entity)

lo jbari — berry.

mi pu citka so'o jbari be lo fragari — I ate several strawberries.

Related words: grute, tsiju, narge"

jbena — x_1(entity) is born to x_2(entity)

lo jbena — born. lo se jbena — birth giver.

le speni be mi mo'u se jbena pa tixnu — My wife gave birth to a daughter.

Related words: fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, citsi"

jbera — x_1(entity) borrows x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) for time x_4(clause)

lo se jbera — borrowed.

e'a pei mi jbera lo vi penbi do — May I borrow this pen from you?

mi ba te jbera pa karce do — I will lend you a car.

Related words: dejni, janta, zivle"

jbini — x_1(entity) is between x_{2(group of same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jbini — something between.

la alis cu jbini li re no jo'u li ci no lo ka jai nanca — Alice is between 20 and 30 years old.

Related words: se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca"

jbopre — x_1(entity) is a Lojbanist

lo jbopre — Lojbanist.

ju'i lo jbopre do se zdani ma — Hey, Lojbanist! Where do you live?

Related words: lojbo, prenu"

jdari — x_1(entity) is firm or resistant to force x_2(clause)

lo jdari — firm.

lo cilmo mudri cu jdari lo ka jelca — Wet wood is resistant to burning.

Related words: nandu, ralci, fapro, ranti, tinsa, toltinsa, sligu, stodi"

jdice — x_1(entity) makes a judgement, decides that x_{2(proposition)} is true about x_3(entity)

mi mo'u jdice lo du'u sarcu fa lo nu mi'a stali — I decided that we need to stay.

xu do jdice lo ka jai se kufra vau lo zdani be do — Have you decided that your home is comfortable?

mi'a zanru lo se jdice be le kamni — We welcome the decision of the committee.

Comment: pajni is for judging matters, jdice is for actual decisions, cuxna is for deciding (choosing) on something out of options.

Related words: pajni, cuxna, manri"

jdika — x_1(entity) decreases in x_{2(property of x1)} by amount x_3(entity)

lo jdika — decreasing.

lo prenu pu jdika lo ka gunma vau lo ci mei — People decreased in number by three persons.

Related words: zenba, mleca, vimcu"

jdima — x_{1(property of x3)} is the price of x_{2(property of x3)} to x_3(entity) set by x_4(entity)

lo jdima — price. lo se jdima — something having a price. lo ve jdima — price-maker.

ma jdima ti fo do — What is your price for this?

lo rupnu be li ci cu jdima lo ka sazri lo se kelci karce vau lo verba lo ponse be lo karce — Three dollars is the price of riding a toy car for children set by the owner of the car.

Comment: lo vamji is value, lo ve vecnu is for cost.

Related words: canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, dapma, vamji, ve vecnu, fepni, jerna, jinga, prali, rupnu, sfasa"

jdini — x_1(entity) is money issued by x_2(entity)

lo jdini — money.

xu ti du lo pe do jdini — Is this your money?

lo jdini be loi merko turni ba se pilno fi lo nu sidju lo pindi — Money issued by the American government will be used to help the poor.

Related words: fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja"

jduli — x_1(entity) is some jelly of material x_2(entity)

lo jduli — jelly. lo se jduli — contents of a jelly.

lo jduli be lo vanjba se rai se nelci mi — I like grape jelly best.

Related words: pesxu, litki, sligu"

je [conjunction] — and

do pu je ca je ba pendo mi — You were, are and will be my friend."

je'a [left scaler] — indeed ... (affirms the position on the scale)

do je'a stati doi loi prenu — You are really smart, people.

lei grute cu se tasta lo je'a rigni — The fruits are indeed disgusting in taste."

je'ai [left scaler] — asks which particle fits the place where je'ai is put: je'a, na'e, no'e or to'e

lu do je'ai nelci lo gerku li'u lu to'e li'u — "You like/dislike dogs?" "I hate them.""

je'e [vocative] — roger, I got your message, you are welcome (in reply to thanks), je'e nai — I didn't get your message

lu ki'e do li'u lu je'e do li'u — "Thank you!" "You are welcome!"

Comment: fi'i is you are welcome for expressing hospitality."

je'i [conjunction] — question

do ba'o je'i pu'o citka — Have you eaten yet or are you only about to eat?

Comment: in modern Lojban ji is used instead of je'i."

je'u [interjection] — truly, yes, je'u nai — no (false)

je'u do stati prenu — Truly, you are a smart person.

lo purdi je'u nai cu se ponse lo za'u cizra prenu — This "garden" (which is in fact not a garden) is owed by some weird people.

xu do kansa mi'a i je'u nai — Are you with us? No.

Related words: jetnu"

jecta — x_1(entity) is a polity or state governing x_2(entity)

lo jecta — polity, state.

lo nu se sazri za'u pa turni cu jecta lo vi tutra — Being controlled by more than one government is the political system of this area.

Related words: gugde, tutra, turni, natmi, jansu, lanci, cecmu"

jeftu — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) weeks long

lo jeftu — week-long event.

mi'o ba volta ti za lo jeftu be li re — We'll return here in two weeks.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one week in duration

Related words: detri, djedi, masti, nanca"

jegvo — x_1(entity) is Abrahamic (Judaic, or Christian, or Moslem) in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo jegvo — Judaic or Christian or Moslem.

xu do se lijda lo jegvo — Do you belong to an Abrahamic religion?

Related words: lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso"

jelca — x_1(entity) burns

le mudri cu jelca — The wood is burning.

Comment: se fagri is preferable to jelca.

Related words: fagri, kijno, sigja, livla, sacki"

jemna — x_1(entity) is a gem

lo jemna — gem.

pa nixli pu tolcri pa rokci noi ba ku jai se facki fai lo ka jemna — A girl found a stone that later was turned out to be a gem.

Related words: kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulji"

jenca — x_1(clause) shocks or stuns x_2(entity)

lo jenca — shocking event. lo se jenca — shocked.

lo ka ka'e tsuku lo drata gugde pu jenca le fetsi — It shocked her that she could get to another country.

Related words: darxi, gunta, spaji"

jendu — x_1(entity) is an axle on which x_2(entity) rotates

lo jendu — axle.

le jendu be lo re xislu cu mudri — The axle of the two wheels is wooden.

Related words: se carna, gunro, tutci"

jenmi — x_1(entity) is an army serving x_2(entity) in doing x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jenmi — army.

ti jenmi lo vi gugde lo ka vimcu be lo fagri — This is an army of firefighters of this country.

Related words: sonci, xarci"

jerna — x_1(entity) deserves, earns salary or payment x_{2(entity, property of x1)} for work x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jerna — deserving. lo se jerna — deserved, salary.

do jerna lo ka se sinma vau lo ka carmi gunka — You are worth being respected for your hard work.

mi pu jerna lo rupnu be li pa no no lo ka lumci loi palta — I earned 100 dollars for washing the dishes.

Comment: jerna doesn't imply that one is actually paid for the work. pleji is for actual paying.

Related words: jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, jinga, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji"

jersi — x_1(entity) chases x_2(entity)

lo jersi — chaser. lo se jersi — chased.

loi gerku cu jersi pa lorxu — Dogs are in pursuit of a fox.

e'o do jersi mi — Please, follow me.

Related words: kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne"

jesni — x_1(entity) is a needle

lo jesni — needle.

gau mi tunta fa lo tamji be mi pa jesni — I pricked my thumb with a needle.

Related words: konju, pijne, jipno, kinli"

jetnu — x_{1(proposition)} is true by standard x_{2(proposition)}

lo jetnu — true_.

lo du'u lo remna cu xendo cu jetnu lo se jinvi pa prije — According to a wise person, it's true that all humans are kind.

u'a la'e di'u se jetnu lo du'u mi drani — Aha, that proves that I am right.

Related words: stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika"

jgalu — x_1(entity) is a claw of x_2(entity)

lo jgalu — claw, nail, fingernail.

le cipni cu se jgalu lo kinli — The bird has sharp claws.

Related words: denci, jirna, batci"

jganu — x_1(entity) is an angle from vertex x_2(entity) subtended by lateral x_3(entity)

lo jganu — angle. lo se jganu — vertex of an angle. lo te jganu — lateral of an angle.

ti jganu me'o a bu lo mitre be li pi mu gi'e stero be li re — This is an angle from vertex A having the lateral of 0.5 meters and subtending two steradians.

Related words: kojna, linji, konju, mokca"

jgari — x_1(entity) holds, clutches x_2(entity)

lo jgari — holder. lo se jgari — held.

le nakni mo'u co'a jgari lo stedu be la alis se pi'o lo xance be le nakni — He grasped Alice's head with his hand.

Related words: ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju"

jgena — x_1(entity) is a knot in x_2(entity)

lo jgena — knot. lo se jgena — something with a knot.

ti jgena so'i blanu skori jo'u pa xunre skori — This is a knot of many blue ropes and one red rope.

Related words: pluja, julne, lasna, skori"

jgina — x_1(entity) is a gene of x_2(entity) determining trait x_{3(property of x2)}

lo jgina — gene.

xo da jgina lo remna lo ka lo skapi be ce'u cu skari ma kau — How many genes in humans determine the color of skin?

Related words: cerda"

jgira — x_1(entity) feels pride in x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

lo jgira — proud.

mi jgira lo nu do co'a kakne lo ka zgipli lo pipno — I am proud that you are now able to play the piano.

Related words: cinmo, cumla, sevzi, sinma, snada"

jgita — x_1(entity) is a guitar or stringed musical instrument with plectrum or bow x_2(entity)

lo jgita — guitar, stringed musical instrument. lo se jgita — bow of a guitar, bow of a stringed musical instrument.

xu do kakne lo ka zgipli lo jgita be loi ze mei — Can you play a 7-stringed guitar?

Related words: zgike"

ji [conjunction] — asks for the connective (that should go into the place to which ji is put)

do djica tu'a lo ckafi ji lo tcati — Do you want tea or coffee (make a choice)?

Related words: a, e, ji, o, u"

ji'a [interjection] — additionally, too

mi ji'a je'a nelci — I like it too.

lo xagji cribe cu citka lo insekto ku ji'a sai — A hungry bear will eat even insects.

Comment: ji'a means 'additionally', si'a means 'similarly' implying that there is another salient difference.

Related words: jmina"

ji'e [preposition from jimte] — up to limit ..., to the degree of ..., adverb: limitedly

mi tsali ji'e lo nu mi ka'e lafti lo pipno — I'm strong to the degree that I can lift the piano.

la kevin cu ricfu ji'e lo nu la kevin cu ponse so'i dinju — Kevin is so rich that he owns several houses."

ji'i [digit/number] — approximately ... (number follows; by default the typical value in this context)

ji'i pa no tadni cu zvati le kumfa — About 10 students are in the room."

jibni — x_1(entity) is near or close to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jibni — near.

zo xagri zo tabra cu jibni lo ka se smuni — The terms "pipe instrument" and "horn" are close in their meanings.

Comment: See notes for simsa.

Related words: simsa, darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi"

jibri — x_{1(property of x2)} is a job of person x_2(entity)

lo jibri — job. lo se jibri — employed, in a job.

mi se jibri lo ka vecnu lo grute — I have a job as a fruit seller.

xu do se jibri lo ka sampla — Do you have the job of a programmer?

Comment: lo te jerna is work that is worth paying, lo ve pleji is work actually paid.

Related words: briju, gunka"

jicla — x_1(entity) stirs fluid x_2(entity)

ko jicla le tcati — Stir the tea.

ko jicla le stasu co'u lo nu ri febvi — Stir the soup until it boils.

Related words: fanza, tunta, mixre"

jicmu — x_{1(proposition)} is the fundamental principle, basis of x_2(entity)

lo jicmu — basis, fundamental principle.

lo logji cu jicmu la lojban — Logic is the foundation of Lojban.

lo tcica cu jicmu ro nu jamna — Trickery is the basic of every war.

lo nu zgana gi'e lanli cu jicmu ro saske — Monitoring and analysis is the foundation of every science.

Related words: jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi"

jijnu — x_1(entity) intuitively knows x_{2(proposition)}

lo se jijnu — intuitively known.

mi pu jijnu lo du'u le fetsi cu smusku lo jitfa — I knew intuitively that she was lying.

Related words: djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi"

jikca — x_1(entity) socializes, interacts socially with x_2(entity)

ra jikca lo so'i prenu gi'e di'i gasnu lo te salci — He is a sociable person interacting with many people and regularly organizing parties.

Related words: tarti, penmi"

jikni — x_1(entity) is the economic market, system of political body or sector x_2(entity)

lo jikni — economic system.

lo nu frili vecnu cu jikni lo vi tutra — Free market is the economy of this region.

Related words: vecnu, cupra, canja, jecta"

jikru — x_1(entity) is some liquor distilled from x_2(entity)

lo jikru — strong alcoholic drink, liquor, spirits.

mi pu pinxe lo jikru be lo mraji — I drank an alcoholic drink distilled from rye.

Related words: barja, vanju, birje, xalka"

jilka — x_1(entity) is a quantity of alkali of metal x₂

lo jilka — alkali.

mi pu lumci lo palta se pi'o lo jilka be lo sodna — I washed dishes using soda.

Related words: sodna, bakri, sodva"

jilra — x_1(entity) is envious or jealous of x_2(entity) about x_{3(property of x2)}

lo jilra — envious, jealous.

mi pu jilra lo bruna be mi lo se frili poi tai ke'a tavla fa ce'u bau la lojban — I envied the ease at which my brother talked in Lojban.

Related words: cinmo"

jimca — x_1(entity) is a branch of x_2(entity)

lo jimca — branch.

lo jimca be lo za'u vi tricu cu snime blabi — Branches of these trees are snow white.

Related words: birka, rebla, tuple"

jimpe — x_1(entity) understands x_{2(proposition)} about x_3(entity)

mi na jimpe zo'ei do — I don't understand you.

mi na jimpe lo smuni be lo se cusku be do — I don't understand the meaning of said by you.

Related words: djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska"

jimte — x_1(entity) is a limit or border of x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x2)}

lo jimte — limit. lo se jimte — something with a limit.

lo vi mokca cu jimte mi lo ka tsuku ma kau — This point is the limit that I can reach.

Related words: ji'e, traji, korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, permite, fanta, jbini"

jinci — x_1(entity) are shears or scissors for cutting x_2(entity)

lo jinci — scissors.

ti jinci lo pelji — These are scissors for cutting paper.

Related words: katna"

jinga — x_1(entity) wins prize x_{2(entity, property of x1)} from competitors x_3(entity) in competition x_4(clause)

lo jinga — winner. lo se jinga — prize won.

la alis pu jinga lo ralju lo drata nixli pa nu vi'i ve'u bajra — Alice won the main prize gaining the victory over other girls in a long distant race.

Related words: cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci"

jinku — x_1(entity) is a vaccine protecting x_2(entity) against x_{3(property of x2)} introduced by method x_{4(property of x1)}

lo jinku — vaccine. lo se jinku — vaccinated. lo te jinku — disease prevented by vaccine. lo ve jinku — method of vaccination.

ti jinku lo remna tu'a lo vidru lo ka se setca fi lo ciblu — This a vaccine for human use, it protects against viruses and is to be injected into the blood.

Related words: jinku, jurme, kanro, mikce, senci, kafke, jesni, bilma"

jinme — x_1(entity) is a quantity of metal

lo jinme — metal.

ti noi grana cu jinme — This rod is metallic.

lo slami cu daspo lo jinme — Acid destroys metal.

Related words: cnisa, gasta, lastu, margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, sodva"

jinru — x_1(entity) is immersed or submerged in liquid x_2(entity)

lo jinru — immersed.

le ba'o tricu pu jinru lo djacu — The stump was immersed in the water.

Related words: lumci, nenri, jinsa"

jinsa — x_1(entity) is clean of material x_2(entity)

lo jinsa — clean.

mi pu jai gau jinsa fai le jubme loi palta — I cleared the table of dishes.

Related words: lumci, jinru, curve, sepli"

jinto — x_1(entity) is a well or spring of fluid x_2(entity)

lo jinto — well (of fluid), spring (of fluid). lo se jinto — fluid of a well, spring water.

ti jinto lo jinsa djacu — This is a spring of clean water.

Related words: krasi, djacu, fenra"

jinvi — x_1(entity) opines or thinks that x_{2(proposition)} is true about x_3(entity) on grounds x_{4(proposition)}

lo jinvi — having an opinion. lo se jinvi — opinion.

mi pu darsi lo ka tugni ra pa se jinvi be ra — I dared to support his opinion.

mi jinvi lo ka na jinga vau la alis lo du'u ri tatpi — I think Alice won't win since she is tired.

Comment: for thinking (musing upon something) use pensi.

Related words: pe'i, djuno, krici, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka"

jinzi — x_{1(property of x2)} is an innate or natural property of x_2(entity)

lo jinzi — intrinsic, innate, character (property), nature (property).

le fetsi cu se jinzi lo ka certu lo ka zgipli — She has a natural talent for playing the music.

do se jinzi lo ka badri — You are a boring person.

Related words: lakne, rarna, stati, ka'e, tcaci"

jipci — x_1(entity) is a chicken of species x_2(taxon)

lo jipci — chicken.

lo jipci cu nelci lo tsiju — Chickens like seeds.

Related words: cipni"

jipno — x_1(entity) is a tip or point on object x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo jipno — tip.

mi pu pencu le plise se pi'o lo jipno be lo mi tance — I touched the apple with the tip of my tongue.

lo jipno be lo nazbi be mi mo'u dunja — The tip of my nose is frozen.

Related words: mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi"

jirna — x_1(entity) is a horn of body x_2(entity)

lo jirna — horn.

le mirli cu se jirna lo clani — The deer has long horns.

Related words: jgalu, bongu"

jisra — x_1(entity) is some juice from x_2(entity)

lo jisra — juice.

bu'u ma te vecnu lo jisra be lo grute — Where can one buy fruit juice?

Related words: pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi"

jitfa — x_{1(proposition)} is false by standard or epistemology x_{2(proposition)}

lo jitfa — false_.

lo du'u le nanla cu se slabu la alis cu jitfa lo du'u le nanla cu kucli lo nu la alis cu mo kau — It's false that the boy is familiar with Alice since he is wondering who she is.

Related words: fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika"

jitro — x_1(entity) has control over x_2(entity) in activity x_{3(property of x2)}

lo jitro — in control. lo se jitro — under control.

lo jatna be mi cu jitro mi lo ka gunka ti — My boss controls me in working on this.

loi pulji cu jitro lo sruri — The police controls the surroundings.

Comment: gidva - does not necessarily control or command.

Related words: bapli, te bende, gidva, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, turni, vlipa, xance, xlura"

jivbu — x_1(entity) weaves x_2(entity) from material x_3(entity)

lo te jivbu — yarn for weaving.

lo ankabuta cu jivbu lo julne lo se cigla be fi vo'a — Spiders weave nets from secrets of their glands.

Related words: fenso, nivji"

jivna — x_1(entity) competes with competitors x_2(entity) in contest x_3(clause) for the reward x_4(entity)

lo jivna — competitor. lo se jivna — opponent in a competition. lo te jivna — competition. lo ve jivna — prize in a competition.

la alis pu jivna lo drata nixli pa nu vi'i ve'u bajra vau lo ka cpacu lo jdini — Alice competed with other girls in a long distance race with a monetary prize for the winner.

Related words: cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, kelci"

jmaji — x_{1(entity group)} gather at location x_2(entity) from locations x_{3(entity group)}

lo jmaji — gatherers. lo se jmaji — location of gathering.

lo jbopre pu jmaji pa dinju lo vrici gugde — Lojbanists from various countries gathered in a house.

Related words: crepu"

jmifa — x_1(entity) is a shoal or reef

lo jmifa — shoal.

pu zdile fa lo ka limna ne'a loi jmifa — It was amusing to swim near the reefs.

Related words: caxno"

jmina — x_1(entity) combines or adds x_{2(entity, property of x3)} to x_3(entity) with result x_{4(entity, property of x3)}

le sfofa cu jmina lo ka se kufra vau le kumfa — The sofa adds comfort to the room.

mi jmina lo so'o crino spati lo nanba lo snuji — I add some greenery to bread getting a sandwich.

Related words: zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca"

jmive — x_1(entity) is alive in that it does x_{2(property of x1)}

lo jmive — alive, living being.

le danlu cu jmive lo ka ruble muvdu — The animal is alive since it is weakly moving.

Related words: lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, xabju"

jo [conjunction] — both or none

ai mi te vecnu lo karce poi kargu jo cnino — I'm going to buy an expensive car if and only if it is new (or not to buy any cars if they don't satisfy this condition)."

jo nai [conjunction] — either ... or ...

mi tavla i jo nai do tavla — Either I talk or you talk."

jo'a [interjection] — the clause can make sense in meaning (metalinguistic affirmer)

lu xu le prenu noi sanli ne'a lo va dinju cu ninmu li'u lu jo'a i mi na djuno li'u — "Is the person standing near that building a woman?" "Good question! I don't know! (there is a person standing near the building, the question of whether it's a woman is applicable)."

Comment: na'i is metalinguistic negation.

Related words: drani"

jo'e [conjunction] — forms union of sets

e'o doi io lo ninmu jo'e lo ctuca ko cliva le kumfa — Respected women and teachers, please, leave the room."

jo'u [conjunction] — in common with ..., along with ...

do jo'u mi casnu lo za'u bangu — You together with me discussed languages (not necessarily with each other but just taken as a single entity)."

joi [conjunction] — mixed together with ..., forming a mass ... (forms mixed mass)

ti du lo sovda joi lo purmo — This is a mass of eggs and flour."

jorne — x_1(entity) is joined to x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo jorne — tightened, connected, tied, joined, fastened.

la alis cu jorne pa stizu pa skori — Alice is tied to a chair with a rope.

ko jorne la'e me'o so pa pa — Call 911!

mi ba jorne do ba lo nu mi cliva lo ckule — I will call you after I leave the school.

Comment: x₁ and x₂ form a union.

Related words: lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi"

ju [conjunction] — whether or not

ei zukte i ju le nanmu cu klama — Let's do it whether or not he comes."

ju'a [interjection] — I state (non-specified source of information)

la alis cu jinvi lo du'u ju'a le nakni cu fenki

— Alice has an opinion that the man is crazy, and it is so, I say.

Comment: ju'a is always assumed to be present in the main clause. Inner clauses within places are not stated with ju'a unless explicitly specified..

Related words: xusra"

ju'e [conjunction] — forms two independent sentences

mi ju'e do casnu lo za'u bangu — I discussed languages. You discussed languages.

Comment: mi ju'e do klama means the same as mi klama .i do klama."

ju'i [vocative] — Hey! Psst! Ahem! Attention!, ju'i cu'i — At ease!, ju'i nai — Ignore me! Nevermind!

ju'i lo nixli ma cmene do — Hey, girl, what is your name?

ju'i cu'i sonci — At ease, soldiers.

mi co'a si'u nai jimpe ju'i nai — I understood myself, never mind."

ju'o [interjection] — I'm sure (certainty), ju'o cu'i — maybe, perhaps (uncertainty), ju'o nai — I have no idea! (lack of certainty)

ju'o do pu pensi da — You must have thought of something.

ju'o cu'i le nakni cu zukte xau le fetsi — Maybe, he is doing it for her, I'm not sure.

ju'o nai xu lo tai valsi cu se pilno — Are such words used? I have no idea!

Related words: birti, cumki"

jubme — x_1(entity) is a table

lo jubme — table.

xu da kunti jubme — Is there a free table?

Related words: ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, stizu"

judri — x_1(entity) is an address of x_2(entity) in system x_3(entity)

lo judri — address. lo te judri — address system.

ma judri do lo tcadu — What is your city address?

ma judri do lo kibro ve mrilu — What is your e-mail address?

Related words: tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi"

jufra — x_1(text) is a sentence or statement about x_2(entity) in language x_3(entity)

lo jufra — sentence. lo se jufra — topic of a sentence. lo te jufra — language of a sentence.

lu i lo mlatu cu pinxe li'u jufra lo danlu la lojban — i lo mlatu cu pinxe is a sentence about animals in Lojban language.

Related words: valsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni"

jukpa — x_1(entity) cooks or prepares food x_2(entity) by recipe x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jukpa — cook. lo se jukpa — cooked food. lo te jukpa — recipe for cooking.

le mamta pu jukpa pa torta lo ka punji pa pu'o torta lo toknu — Mother cooked a cake by putting a raw ""cake"" in the oven.

Comment: x₂ is the result of cooking, the product ready to use.

Related words: cupra, bredi"

julne — x_1(entity) is a filter passing x_2(entity) and prohibiting x_3(entity)

lo julne — filter.

ti julne fi lo finpe — This is a fishing net.

tu julne lo djacu lo rismi — That is a colander that lets the water pass and retains rice.

Related words: kombitu, ciste, jgena"

jundi — x_1(entity) pays attention to x_2(entity)

lo jundi — attentive. lo se jundi — object of attention.

mi pu jundi lo nu ra pu cusku ma kau — I was attentive at was he was saying.

Related words: kurji, zvati"

jungo — x_1(entity) is Chinese in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo jungo — Chinese.

le fetsi cu jungo lo ka tcila be lo flira be ce'u — The girl is Chinese in her face features.

Related words: xazdo"

junla — x_1(entity) is a timer, clock measuring time units x_2(entity)

lo junla — clock, timer, watch (timer). lo se junla — unit of time.

ti junla lo snidu be li pi mu — This clock measures seconds to the precision of 0.5 seconds.

Comment: x₂ can be show the precision to which time units are measured.

Related words: cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci"

junpero — x_1(entity) is a juniper (genus Juniperus) of species x_2(taxon)

mi pu jmina so'o jimca be lo junpero lo fagri — I added some juniper twigs to the fire.

Comment: Some junipers are commonly called "cedars".

Related words: spati, tricu, ckunu"

junri — x_1(entity) is earnest about x_{2(property of x1)}

lo junri — someone serious, earnest.

xu do junri lo ka te mukti lo ka cliva lo bu'u gugde — Are you serious in your intent to leave this country?

Related words: tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli"

junta — x_1(entity) is the weight of x_{2(entity group)} in field x₃

lo junta — weight.

lo gunka pe lo kensa cu se junta lo ki'ogra be li pa no no le terdi — The space worker weights 100 kilograms in the gravity of the Earth.

Related words: grake, linto, tilju, bunda"

jurme — x_1(entity) is a bacteria or germ of species x_2(taxon)

lo jurme — bacteria.

le lanli pu pilno lo jurme lo cipra — The researcher used bacteria for tests.

Related words: vidru"

jursa — x_{1(property of x2)} is harsh or severe to x_2(entity)

lo jursa — harsh event.

lo ka jivna pu jursa mi — Competition was fierce for me.

Related words: gunta, vlile"

jutsi — x_1(entity) is a taxon of super-taxon x_2(entity) ; x₁ is a species of genus x₂, family x₃, etc.

lo jutsi — taxon, species.

mi zgana lo cinki poi jutsi ro da — I watch insects of all kinds.

Comment: this verb potentially has infinite number of places.

Related words: klesi, lanzu"

juxre — x_1(entity) is clumsy in doing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo juxre — clumsy.

mi pu ca'o juxre lo ka muvdu — I was getting clumsy in my movements.

le fonxa pu juxre lo ka se pilno — The phone was clumsy to use.

Related words: sluji, muvdu"

jvinu — x_1(entity) is a view of x_2(entity) from viewpoint x_3(entity)

lo jvinu — view. lo te jvinu — viewpoint.

lo jvinu be lo xamsi bei lo kumfa pe mi cu banli — I have a great view of the sea from my room.

Related words: catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco"

jy [pronoun] — j (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like jy is for the last lo jorne used."

ka [clause prefix] — turn clause into infinitive

mi djica lo ka sipna — I want to sleep.

la alis cu nitcu lo ka te dunda lo birje — Alice needs to be given beer.

ta'i ku do ba cirko lo ka sinma ce'u — This way you will lose the respect.

no drata be lo ka pendo cu tadji lo ka se pendo — The only way to have a friend is to be a friend (literally ‘Nothing but being a friend is the way to have a friend’).

Comment: x_{1 (property)} is the property of the clause that follows. Has at least one ce'u inside referring to a noun of the outer clause. ka without a ce'u inside is the same as ka ce'u. Used to express infinitives."

ka bu — refers to the last ka-clause used

mi je'a djica lo ka tadni i ku'i ka bu nandu mi — I do want to study. But it's difficult to me."

ka'ai [preposition from kansa] — with ..., with a companion ...

mi cadzu ka'ai lo gerku — I walk with a dog."

ka'e [preposition of potential] — possibly can ...

ro da ka'e te tavla — Everything can be talked about.

Comment: not necessarily innately capable, might describe what can potentially happen to the thing described."

ka'o [digit/number] — imaginary i, square root of -1

li te'o te'a vei ka'o pi'i pai ve'o su'i pa du li no — e^{(i × π)} +1 = 0."

ka'u [interjection] — I know by cultural means (myth, custom)

ka'u so'a prenu cu xebni da — We know that most people hate something.

Related words: kulnu"

kabri — x_1(entity) is a cup or mug containing x_2(entity)

lo kabri — cup. lo se kabri — content of a cup.

e'o do dunda pa kabri be lo ckafi mi — Please, give me a cup of coffee.

Comment: lo kabri is normally lifted when eaten from it, lo palta is not.

Related words: palta, citka, blaci, tansi"

kacma — x_1(entity) is a camera recording images of illumination type x_2(entity) to medium x_3(entity)

lo kacma — camera.

ti kacma le tcadu pa datni centero — This is a camera recording images of the city to a data center.

Related words: lenjo"

kafke — x_1(entity) coughs, farts, burps x_2(entity) from orifice x_3(entity)

ra pu kafke lo barda lo ganxo — He made a big fart.

Related words: bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu"

kagni — x_1(entity) is a company, corporation chartered by authority x_2(entity) for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo kagni — company, corporation, business (company). lo te kagni — business (commercial activity).

pa kagni be lo jbopre bei lo nu kakpa lo ctile pu tolcri lo ctile lo loldi be lo xamsi — The Lojbanists' chartered oil drilling company discovered oil at the bed of the sea.

Related words: kansa, kamni, banxa, bende"

kai [preposition from ckaji] — characterizing ..., with ... having this property

zildukse kai lo kilto be lo grake — One kilogram was too much.

Comment: in the clause where kai is used the first unfilled place is refers to the noun that kai tags, the clause itself is the property characterizing the noun after kai; subject case tag."

kajde — x_1(entity) warns x_2(entity) of danger x_3(clause)

loi rirni pu kajde mi'a lo ba vlile tcima — Parents warned us about heavy weather.

Related words: ckape, nupre, snura, tcica, xlura"

kajna — x_1(entity) is a shelf or counter on x_2(entity)

lo kajna — shelf.

mi pu punji le pelji le kajna be lo fagri stuzi — I put the paper on the mantel.

Related words: balni"

kakne — x_1(entity) is capable of doing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kakne — capable, able, master.

mi na kakne lo ka sipna — I can't sleep.

Comment: for e.g. "I can't wait" ka'e is more appropriate. kakne is about ability.

Related words: stati, certu, gasnu, ka'e, nu'o, pu'i, djuno, zifre"

kakpa — x_1(entity) digs x_2(entity) out of x_3(entity)

lo kakpa — digger.

la tom pu jai se bapli fai lo ka kakpa pa karce pe vo'a lo snime — Tom had to dig his car out of the snow.

Related words: katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku"

kalci — x_1(entity) is excrement or feces of x_2(entity)

lo kalci — excrement.

lo kalci be lo bakni cu jai rinka lo nu lo dertu cu ferti — Cow dung makes soil fertile.

Related words: ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi"

kalri — x_1(entity) is open, giving access to place x_2(entity) for object x_3(entity)

lo kalri — open.

le canko cu kalri lo nenri lo vifne vacri — The window is open letting the fresh air in.

gau ko kalri fa le canko — Open the window.

ko jai gau kalri fai le canko — Open the window.

Related words: ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme"

kalsa — x_1(entity) is a chaos, chaotic in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kalsa — chaos, chaotic.

lo kumfa pe mi cu kalsa lo ka bu'u ce'u lo bukpu pe mi cu zvati ma kau — My room is a mess (in where are my clothes).

Related words: cunso, cnici"

kalte — x_1(entity) hunts prey x_2(entity) for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo kalte — hunter. lo se kalte — prey.

lei certu pu kalte lo finpe lo ka lanli ri — The researches were hunting fishes to study them.

Related words: jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi"

kamju — x_1(entity) is a column

lo kamju — pillar.

le pa kamju cu sarji lo korbi be le drudi — The column supports the edge of the roof.

Related words: ckana, garna, sanli, slanu"

kamni — x_1(entity) is a committee with task x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kamni — committee. lo se kamni — purpose of a committee.

le kamni be lo ka jai gau farvi le bangu cu gunma za'u pa no prenu — There are more than 10 members in the committee for developing the language.

Related words: bende, kagni"

kampu — x_{1(property of x2)} is universal among x_2(entity)

lo kampu — common, general, universal. lo se kampu — group with something in common.

pa da zo'u lo ka dasni da cu kampu ro tadni — Wearing the same uniform is common for every student.

Related words: fadni, cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, simxu"

kanba — x_1(entity) is a goat of species x_2(taxon)

lo kanba — goat.

le cirla cu se zbasu fi lo ladru be lo kanba — The cheese is made from goat's milk.

Related words: lanme, sunla"

kancu — x_1(entity) counts the number in x_2(entity) to be x_3(number) by units x_{4(property of x2)}

mi pu kancu le prenu li pa re lo ka re mei — I counted the people as 12 couples.

Related words: namcu, satci, merli"

kandi — x_1(entity) is dim, non-intense in x_{2(property of x1)} received by observer x_3(entity)

lo kandi — dim, non-intense.

fi mi fa le valsi cu kandi lo ka se smuni — To me the word is dim in meaning.

Related words: blabi, carmi, klina, linto, manku, cermurse, vacmurse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu"

kanla — x_1(entity) is an eye of x_2(entity)

lo kanla — eye.

la alis cu se kanla lo barda je melbi — Alice has big beautiful eyes.

Related words: jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte"

kanpe — x_1(entity) expects x_2(clause) with likelihood x_{3(number: from 0 to 1, by default li so'a, i.e. near 1)}

fi li so'u fa mi pu kanpe lo nu do clira volta — I didn't expect you to return early.

lo nu mi tsuku pu na se kanpe da — My arrival wasn't expected by anyone.

Comment: expecting here may imply even undesirable events that are nevertheless expected to occur.

Related words: djica, pacna, lakne, cunso, fau, da'i"

kanro — x_1(entity) is healthy or well in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kanro — healthy.

mi kanro lo ka na cortu lo galxe — I'm healthy in that my throat doesn't ache.

Related words: bilma, mikce"

kansa — x_1(entity) accompanies x_2(entity) in state x_3(clause)

le gerku pe mi fe'e ro roi kansa mi — My dog is everywhere with me.

ro roi pu pluka fa lo ka kansa do lo ka gunka — It was pleasant to work with you.

Related words: kagni, jorne, gunma, girzu, lasna"

kantu — x_1(entity) is a quantum of x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kantu — quantum.

mi pu xaksu re kantu be lo cacra ta'i lo ka denpa tu'a do — I wasted two hours waiting for you.

ti du re kantu be lo makfa — Here are two pieces of magic.

Comment: selci is for masses and most objects.

Related words: selci, ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji"

karce — x_1(entity) is a car, truck, van for carrying x_2(entity)

lo karce — car, truck, van. lo se karce — cargo of a car.

ti karce lo festi — It's a trash truck.

do te mukti lo ka te vecnu lo pa karce pe ma noi kagni — A car of what company are you going to buy?

Comment: karce and carce are designed to be with wheels, marce isn't and is more generic.

Related words: carce, xislu, marce, sabnu"

karda — x_1(entity) is a card

lo karda — card.

xu ka'e pleji se pi'o lo dejni karda — Can I pay with a credit card?

Related words: matci, tapla, plita"

kargu — x_{1(entity, property of x2)} is expensive to x_2(entity)

lo kargu — expensive.

lo ka tai litru cu kargu mi se la'u li du'e — Such trip is too expensive to me.

Related words: vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu"

karli — x_1(entity) is a belt or collar surrounding x_2(entity)

lo karli — collar.

le fetsi pu punji pa karli lo sruri be lo cintura — She put a waist around her waist.

Related words: sruri, djine"

karni — x_1(entity) is a newspaper, magazine with content x_2(entity)

lo karni — journal, newspaper, magazine, press (media). lo se karni — contents of a magazine.

mi tcidu pa karni be lo pu zi nuzba — I'm reading a magazine about recent news.

Related words: papri, pelji, tcidu"

katna — x_1(entity) cuts x_2(entity) into pieces x_3(entity)

mi pu katna le nanba lo pa no mei — I cut the bread into 10 pieces.

Comment: sraku is for cutting into without division.

Related words: kakpa, sraku, plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu"

kau [interjection] — marks word as an indirect question

mi djuno lo du'u ma kau darxi ba'e la alis — I know who hit Alice (not someone else).

mi pu na birti lo nu xo kau prenu cu zvati — I wasn't sure how many people were present."

kavbu — x_1(entity) captures x_2(entity) with trap x_3(entity)

lo te kavbu — trap used for capture.

mi pu kavbu lo ka bilma fi la zukam vau lo ka cadzu bu'u lo bartu — I caught cold by walking outside.

le nanla pu kavbu le bolci pa xance — The boy caught the ball with one hand.

Comment: kalte is to hunt, jersi is to follow, to chase.

Related words: jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju"

ke — starts a new group inside a construct

ti melbi cmalu ke ractu kevna — This is a prettily small hole for rabbits.

ta melbi ke cmalu ractu kevna — That is a pretty hole for small rabbits.

tu melbi cmalu ractu kevna — That over there is a hole for prettily small rabbits.

la alis e ke la kevin a la edvard ba vitke lo nu penmi — Alice and either Kevin or Eduard will visit the meeting.

la alis e la kevin a la edvard ba vitke lo nu penmi — Either Alice and Kevin or Eduard will visit the meeting.

au do jukpa lo nanba gi'e ke lumci le kumfa gi'o nai cadzu ka'ai le gerku — I wish you cooked the bread and either cleaned the room or walked with the dog.

Related words: bo"

ke'a [pronoun] — refers to the noun of the clause to which this clause is attached

mi pu vitke lo dinju poi bu'u ke'a mi'a se zdani ze'a lo nanca be li so'o — I visited a house where we lived for several years."

ke'e [terminator] — ends a construct started with: ke"

ke'o [vocative] — Eh? Please repeat!, ke'o nai — I heard you. No need to repeat

ke'o do mi pu na tirna — Eh?

ke'o nai do mi pu te benji ro da — What did you say? I didn't hear. All right, no need to repeat, I got everything."

ke'u [interjection] — I repeat, as I already said, ke'u nai — furthermore, what is more (continuing)

ke'u mi na tugni do — I repeat, I don't agree with you.

ke'u nai mi se zdani na ku lo tcadu — Furthermore, I live not in a city.

Related words: basna, krefu, rapli"

kecti — x_1(entity) feels sorry for x_2(entity) about x_{3(proposition)}

mi kecti do le nu do fliba lo ka jinga — I feel sorry for you that you failed to win.

Related words: cinmo, xendo"

kei [terminator] — ends a construct started with: nu"

kelci — x_1(entity) plays game x_2(entity)

lo kelci — player. lo se kelci — game (played).

xu do kelci la fudbol — Do you play soccer?

Related words: keltci, jivna, jinga, zdile"

keltci — x_1(entity) ia a toy played by x_2(entity)

lo keltci — player. lo se keltci — game (played).

lo pa nixli ca'o zukte lo ka se keltci lo bambola pe vo'a — A girl is playing with her doll.

Comment: use kelci for playing games, of which keltci may be a component.

Related words: kelci, bambola, verba, zdile, jivna, jinga"

kelvo — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) degrees Kelvin

lo vacri ca kelvo li ji'i re ze ci — It's around 273 degrees Kelvin (0 degrees Celsius).

Comment: temperature in Kelvin is temperature in Celsius + 273 (approximately). Temperature in Celsius is temperature in Kelvin - 273 (approximately).

Related words: gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, centi"

kenra — x_1(entity) is a cancer disease in x_2(entity)

lo kenra — cancer.

lo kenra be lo tatru ka'e mo'u te mikce — Breast cancer can be cured.

Related words: bilma, mikce, spita"

kensa — x_1(entity) is outer space near x_2(entity)

lo kensa — outer space.

so'i mluni cu vofli bu'u lo kensa be le terdi — There are many satellites flying in outer space near the Earth.

Related words: canlu, munje, terdi, tsani"

kerfa — x_1(entity) is the hair of x_2(entity)

lo kerfa — hair, fur.

lo kerfa be mi cu clani — My hair is long.

Related words: skapi, sunla, pimlu"

kerlo — x_1(entity) is an ear of x_2(entity)

lo kerlo — ear.

doi lo gerku ko na pencu lo kerlo be mi — Dog, don't touch my ears!

Related words: kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu"

kernelo — x_1(entity) is a kernel, nucleus, 'nut' of x_2(entity) ; x₁ is central

lo kernelo — kernel, nucleus.

lo kernelo be le terdi cu glare — The core of the Earth is hot.

Comment: lo midju is center point, lo centero is central subset (of a set or territory), lo kernelo is core."

ketco — x_1(entity) is South American in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ketco — South American.

ti'e le fetsi cu se krasi lo ketco gugde ku i'u cu'i — They say she is from some South American country.

Related words: brazo, spano"

kevna — x_1(entity) is a cavity or hole in x_2(entity)

lo kevna — cavity, hole.

da kevna le drudi — There is a hole in the roof.

Related words: fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu"

ki [preposition] — sets the default tense. As a preposition sets the viewpoint in time-space

le dinju cu darno ki mi — The house is far from me."

ki'a [interjection question] — Huh? (confusion about something said), ki'a nai — I understand (understanding about something said)

lu mi pu te vecnu lo granate li'u lu granate ki'a li'u — "I bought granate." "Huh, granate?"

lu sa'u le verba cu mutce lo ka tatpi li'u lu ki'a nai li'u — "The child is just very tired." "I understand."

Related words: cfipu, kucli"

ki'ai [vocative] — makes a nonce (for this case) interjection out of the following sumti or selbri

ki'ai salam — Salam!"

ki'e [vocative] — Thank you! Thanks!, ki'e cu'i — No thanks to you, ki'e nai — resentment

do pu mutce sidju mi ki'e sai do — You helped me a lot, thank you very much!

mi si'u nai mo'u tolcri ki'e cu'i la alis — I found myself, no thanks to you, Alice.

mi pu tsuku ca le se tcika ki'e cu'i do — I arrived on time, no thanks to you.

mi jai lerci ki'e nai la kevin — I was late, and that's because of you, bastard Kevin."

ki'o [digit/number] — number comma; shows groups of 3 digits each in decimal number

pa ki'o mu no no prenu cu tadni lo vi ckule — One thousand and five hundred (1,500) people study in this school."

ki'ogra — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) kilograms in weight

lei plise cu ki'ogra li re — The apples are 2 kilograms in weight.

Related words: kilto, grake"

ki'otre — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) kilometers in x_{3(property of x1)}

ti noi dargu cu ki'otre li pa lo ka clani — This box is one kilometer in length.

Related words: kilto, mitre"

ki'u [preposition from krinu] — because of reason ..., adverb: justifiably

mi na ka'e tavla do i ki'u bo mi zvati le briju — I can't talk to you since I'm in the office."

kibro — x_1(entity) pertains to the internet in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kibro — internet.

pa pendo be mi cu finti pa karni poi kibro lo ka se benji fu ma kau — A friend of mine is an author of a magazine that is delivered via the internet.

Related words: skami, se tcana, jikca"

kicne — x_1(entity) is a cushion

lo kicne — cushion.

ko jgari lo kicne gi'e sipna — Take a cushion and go to sleep.

Related words: ckana, matci"

kijno — x_1(entity) is some oxygen

lo kijno — oxygen.

lo kijno joi lo cidro cu se gunma lo djacu — Oxygen and hydrogen make water.

Related words: jelca, vacri, vasxu"

kilto — x_1(entity) is a thousand of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo kilto — 1000_.

le xamsi cu kilto be lo mitre lo ka condi — The sea is 1'000 meters deep.

Related words: centi"

kinli — x_1(entity) is sharp at location x_2(entity)

lo kinli — sharp.

le balre cu kinli lo jipno — The tip of the blade is sharp.

Related words: balre, dakfu, jesni"

klaji — x_1(entity) is a street or alley at x_2(entity) allowing access to x_3(entity)

lo klaji — street, avenue, alley.

ti ralju klaji le tcadu lo vrici zarci — This is the main street of the city giving access to various shops.

Related words: panka, pluta, dargu, naxle"

klaku — x_1(entity) weeps or cries tears x_2(entity)

lo se klaku — tear wept.

ra pu klaku lo barda — She cried large tears.

Related words: badri, krixa"

klama — x_1(entity) goes to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) via the route x_4(entity) using means x_5(entity)

lo klama — passenger, goer, rider. lo se klama — destination of a ride. lo te klama — origin of a ride. lo ve klama — route, track. lo xe klama — vehicle.

xu do klama fi la nipon — Are you from Japan?

le dargu cu se kruca lo pu ve klama be lo ractu — The road crossed what was the rabbit's track.

mi'a pu klama fu pa bloti fo pa lalxu fi le zdani fe pa daplu — We sailed on the boat along the lake from the home to an island.

mi pu klama fi la nipon fu lo vinji — I flew from Japan.

xu do pu klama fu lo aftobuso fe la paris — Did you ride the bus to Paris?

le nakni pu klama lo nenri — He came in.

Related words: cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, muvdu, cpare, se ka'a, te ka'a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, vitke"

klani — x_1(entity) is measured by x_2(number) on x_{3(property of x1 with kau)}

lo se klani — amount, quantity, level (degree or amount).

le pa mlatu cu klani li pi mu lo ka mitre ma kau lo ka clani — The cat is measured 0.5 meters in length.

lei mlatu cu klani li ci lo ka gunma ma kau i je va'i le mlatu cu vo mei — The mass of the cats is measured as having 4 units, in other words, there are 4 cats.

Comment: to specify the number of object loi is usually used in x₁ of klani. To specify size fill x₃ of klani.

Related words: pa, namcu"

klesi — x_1(entity) is a type, kind, class of x_{2(same type as x1)} defined by x_{3(property of x1)}

lo klesi — subset, type, kind, class.

mi cmima lo klesi be lo se zdani bei lo ka vecnu — I belong to the merchant class of inhabitants.

do na cmima lo klesi pe mi — You are not my type.

ti cmima lo klesi be lo notci bei lo drata — This is another type of message.

Related words: me, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici"

klina — the medium x_1(entity) is transparent, clear, penetratable to signal x_2(entity)

lo klina — clear, penetrable, transparent.

lo vacri pu klina lo darno voksa — The air was clean to pass a distant voice.

le nanla pu klina lo ka te smuni ma kau — The boy was pretty clear in what he meant.

Comment: lo na zunti is unhindered.

Related words: kandi, zunti"

kliru — x_1(entity) is a quantity of halogen

lo kliru — halogen.

la iodi'um cu kliru — Iodine is a halogen.

Related words: xukmi"

kliti — x_1(entity) is some clay

lo kliti — clay.

xu do mo'u zbasu le kabri lo ranti kliti — Have you worked the cup out of soft clay?

Related words: dertu, pesxu, staku"

kluza — x_1(entity) is loose, bloused on x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo kluza — loose.

le creka pu kluza mi lo ka se pagbu lo tubnu — The shirt was loose on me in sleeves.

Related words: tagji, trati, rinju"

ko [pronoun] — you !, make it true so that you ... (imperative 'you')

ko kurji ko — Take care of yourself.

ko sisti — Stop it!

kukte ko — Enjoy your meal.

ko dasni lo taxfu — Get dressed.

Comment: doesn't necessarily imply a command. Can be used for mild requests too."

ko'a [pronoun] — 1st pronoun for assignments. Specified by adding goi

i ko'a e ko'e e ko'i e ko'o e ko'u prenu i je ko'a fa'u ko'e nelci ko'e fa'u ko'i i je ko'o fa'u ko'u na nelci ko'a fa'u ko'e i je se ni'i bo ko'e se nelci ma — Let ko'a, ko'e, ko'i, ko'o and ko'u be people. Now ko'a and ko'e like ko'e and ko'i respectively, and ko'o and ko'u don't like ko'a and ko'e, respectively. Thus, ko'e is liked by whom?"

ko'e [pronoun] — 2nd pronoun for assignments. Specified by adding goi

Related words: ko'a"

ko'i [pronoun] — 3rd pronoun for assignments. Specified by adding goi

Related words: ko'a"

ko'o [pronoun] — 4th pronoun for assignments. Specified by adding goi

Related words: ko'a"

ko'oi [interjection] — imperative

do o nai ko'oi mi co'a morsi — Either you or I die!

ko'oi mi'o klama — Let's go!

le prenu ko'oi cu citka le grute — Let him eat the fruit!

lo ko'oi se platu be do cu te snada — Let your plan be successful!

Comment: hortative. ko is a short form of do ko'oi. ko'oi is a broader term than au, a'o, e'o, e'u, e'a, e'i, ei.

Related words: minde, cpedu, permite, pacna, stidi, djica, bilga"

ko'u [pronoun] — 5th pronoun for assignments. Specified by adding goi

Related words: ko'a"

kobli — x_1(entity) is a cabbage of species x_2(taxon)

lo kobli — cabbage, lettuce.

mi pu citka lo kobli stasu — I ate a cabbage soup.

Related words: stagi"

kojna — x_1(entity) is a corner in x_2(entity)

lo kojna — corner.

le baktu cu jibni pa kojna be le kumfa — The bucket is in a corner of the room.

Related words: jipno, konju, bliku, fanmo, jganu, krasi"

kokso — x_1(entity) is a coconut of variety/cultivar x_2(taxon)

lo kokso — coconut.

xu do kakne lo ka jai gau porpi fai lo kokso — Can you crack the coconut?

Related words: grute"

kolme — x_1(entity) is a quantity of coal

lo kolme — coal.

lo kolme ca'o jelca — Coal is burning.

mi mo'u xaksu le kolme — I've used up the coal.

Related words: tabno, tarla"

kombitu — x_1(entity) is a comb for doing x_2(clause) with teeth, needles x_3(entity)

lo kombitu — comb. lo te kombitu — tooth of a comb, needle of a comb.

ti kombitu lo nu jai gau cnici fai lo kerfa vau lo cinla — This is a comb with thin teeth for putting hair in order.

Related words: kerfa, forca"

konju — x_1(entity) is a cone with base x_2(entity) and vertex x_3(entity)

lo konju — cone. lo se konju — base of a cone. lo te konju — vertex of a cone.

lo tarci jadni cu te konju fi le tricu — The star is the tip of the tree.

Related words: jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, jganu"

korbi — x_1(entity) is an edge or border between x_{2(entity group)}

lo korbi — edge. lo se korbi — something with an edge.

ti korbi re rirxe — This is the border between the two rivers.

Related words: greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu"

korcu — x_1(entity) is bent or crooked

lo korcu — bent.

loi cidni be la alis mo'u korcu — Alice's knees buckled.

le jukpa pu korcu ga'u lo fagri — The cook leaned over the fire.

Related words: cinje, polje, sarlu, sirji, bargu, genxu"

korka — x_1(entity) is some cork from tree x_2(entity)

lo korka — cork.

lo korka be lo cindu cu rotsu — The cork of oak trees is thick.

Related words: tricu, calku, skapi, stagi"

korvo — x_1(entity) is a crow of species x_2(taxon)

lo korvo — crow, raven.

le korvo cu xekri du'i lo ka kolme — The raven is black as coal.

Related words: cipni, xekri"

kosta — x_1(entity) is a jacket or sweater

lo kosta — jacket.

ko co'a dasni le kosta — Put the coat on.

Related words: pastu, sunla, taxfu"

krali — x_{1(property of x2)} is a legal/moral right of x_2(entity) in legal system x_3(entity)

lo krali — legal right, moral right.

lo prenu poi nanca li su'o po'o pa bi cu se krali lo ka co'a speni vau lo jecta be lo vi gugde — People of not less than 18 years only have a right to marry under the polity of this country.

Related words: flalu, zifre, pikta, zekri"

kramu — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) area units in standard x_{3(property of x1)}

lo vi foldi cu kramu li re ki'o lo ka mitre — This field is 2000 square meters.

Related words: rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda"

krasi — x_1(entity) is an origin, source of x_2(entity)

lo krasi — origin, source. lo se krasi — something with an origin.

pa jinto cu krasi ti noi rirxe — A well is a source of this river.

lo tricu cu se krasi lo grute — Trees come from fruits.

ma krasi do — What is your origin?

Related words: fanmo, ra'i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto"

krati — x_1(entity) represents x_2(entity) in function x_{3(property of x1)}

lo krati — representative.

pa krati be lo turni bei lo ka ckini fi lo gubni co'a tavla lei se natmi — A representative of the governor in public relations started talking to the nation.

Related words: jansu, catni, vipsi, pulji"

krefu — x_1(clause) is a recurrence of x_2(clause) happening for the x_3(number) -th time

lo krefu — recurrence, occurrence, case (recurrence). lo te krefu — number of recurrences.

lo na te snada cu krefu lу nu troci vau li ci — The attempt ended in a failure for the third time.

Related words: fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, volta"

krici — x_1(entity) believes x_{2(proposition)} is true about x_3(entity)

lo krici — believer. lo se krici — belief (fact in which one believes).

mi pu krici lo ka volta vau do — I believed that you would return.

Comment: believing doesn't require evidence or proof. For expressing opinions use jinvi.

Related words: jinvi, djuno, censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, senpi, birti"

krili — x_1(entity) is quantity of crystal of material x_2(entity)

lo krili — crystal.

ti du lo za'u krili be lo silna — These are the crystals of salt.

Related words: jemna, bisli"

krinu — x_1(clause) is a reason for x_2(clause)

lo krinu — justification, reason. lo se krinu — event justified.

ma krinu lo nu do jai lerci — What is the reason for your lateness?

Related words: ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, ki'u, bapli"

krixa — x_1(entity) yells or cries out x_{2(sound, text)}

ra pu krixa zo sidju — He cried, "Help!"

Related words: klaku, bacru"

krokodilo — x_1(entity) is a crocodile of breed x_2(taxon)

lo krokodilo — crocodile, animal of family Crocodylidae.

lo krokodilo cu zvati ma — Where are the crocodiles?

Related words: respa"

kruca — x_1(entity) intersects x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo te kruca — point of an intersection.

ko carna fi lo zunle bu'u lo te kruca — Turn left at the crossroad.

mi pu denpa bu'u lo te kruca be lo ralju dargu bei lo dertu dargu — I was waiting at the place where the main road was intersected by a dirt road.

Related words: cripu, ragve"

kruji — x_1(entity) is some cream

lo kruji — cream.

au pei bisli kruji — Would you like ice cream?

Related words: ladru, matne"

krumami — x_1(entity) has the umami taste to x_2(entity)

lo krumami — having umami taste.

le stasu be lo jipci cu krumami mi — The chicken soup tastes umami to me.

Related words: titla, slari, kurki, silna"

ku [terminator] — ends a construct started with: la, lai, le, lei, lo, le'e, lo'e, loi"

ku [2nd meaning] — shows the end of a preposition"

ku'a [conjunction] — forms intersection of sets

e'o doi lo ninmu ku'a lo ctuca do klama lo nenri — Those who are women and teachers, please, enter."

ku'i [interjection] — however, but, in contrast, ku'i nai — in line

i ku'i mi na ralte lo jdini — However, I don't have money.

le fetsi pu ku tatpi gi'e ku'i nai co'a sipna — She was tired and in line with that she fell asleep.

Comment: ku'i nai is used to draw conclusions in accordance with those statements which were said previously.

Related words: frica, dukti, na panra"

ku'o [terminator] — ends a construct started with: noi, poi, voi"

kubli — x_1(entity) is a cube

lo kubli — cube.

mi pu punji lo kubli bisli le te runta — I put ice cubes into the drink.

Related words: kurfa, bliku, tanbo, tapla, tarmi"

kucli — x_1(entity) is curious about x_2(clause)

lo kucli — curious. lo se kucli — subject of curiosity.

mi kucli lo nu ta noi ninmu cu zukte ma — I'm curious what is that woman doing?

Related words: marvele, sisku, se cinri"

kufra — x_1(entity) is comfortable with x_{2(property of x1)}

lo kufra — comfortable.

mi kufra lo ka vreta bu'u lo jbini be re kicne — I feel comfortable lying between the two pillows.

Related words: cinmo"

kukte — x_1(entity) is tasty or delicious to x_2(object)

lo kukte — tasty.

lo vi badna cu kukte mi — For me this banana is sweet.

ko se kukte — Bon appetite!

Related words: gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina"

kulnu — x_{1(property of x2)} is culture of x_2(entity)

lo kulnu — culture.

lo ka citka lo insekto cu kulnu so'e remna — Eating insects is the culture of most of humans.

Comment: x₁ are customs, ideas, arts, skills.

Related words: ka'u, natmi, cecmu"

kumfa — x_1(entity) is a room in x_2(entity)

lo kumfa — room.

lo vi kumfa be lo xotli cu barda — This hotel room is large.

Related words: bitmu, canlu, zdani"

kumte — x_1(entity) is a camel or llama of species x_2(taxon)

lo kumte — camel, llama.

lo gidva be mi'a cu kakne lo ka sazri lo kumte — Our guide can ride a camel.

Related words: sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli"

kunra — x_1(entity) is an ore containing material x_2(entity) mined from x_3(entity)

lo kunra — mineral.

ti kunra lo tirse lo cmana — This is an iron containing ore mined from mountains.

Related words: jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna"

kunti — x_1(entity) is empty of material x_2(entity)

lo kunti — empty.

le kabri cu kunti — The glass is empty.

Related words: culno, tisna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca"

kurfa — x_1(entity) is a rectangle defined by vertices x_{2(entity group)}

lo kurfa — rectangle.

loi sonci pu kurfa lo vo mitre be li mu — Soldiers formed together a rectangle 5 meters in each side.

Related words: bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, tarmi"

kurji — x_1(entity) takes care of x_2(entity)

lo kurji — caretaker.

ei kurji lo bilma — We should take care of the patient.

Related words: jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana"

kurki — x_1(entity) is bitter, acrid to x_2(entity)

lo kurki — bitter (taste).

le birje cu kurki — The beer is bitter.

Related words: titla, slari"

kuspe — x_1(entity) extends or reaches over range x_2(entity) ; x₁ has scope over x₂

lo kuspe — having scope. lo se kuspe — scope.

lu na ku mi nelci li'u zo'u lo mulno bridi poi du lu mi nelci li'u cu se kuspe lu na ku li'u — As for i naku mi nelci the whole clause mi nelci is in the scope of naku.

mi na kakne lo ka kuspe ta noi forca — I can't get that fork.

Related words: ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja"

kusru — x_1(entity) is cruel to victim x_2(entity) in actions x_{3(property of x1)}

lo kusru — cruel action. lo se kusru — victim of cruelty.

i ko na kusru mi — Don't be cruel to me.

lei rirni pu kusru mi lo ka na permite mi lo ka kelci bu'u lo bartu — The parents were cruel to me in not allowing playing outside.

Related words: xendo, jursa"

ky [pronoun] — k (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like ky is for the last lo kosta used."

la [lo gadri] — turn verb into name (sumti)

la alis ba vitke la paris — Alice will visit Paris.

zo bruna cmene la kevin lo mi pendo — Brother is how friends call Kevin.

Comment: the one that is called ... Creates personal name from verbs or cmevla."

la'a [interjection] — probably, la'a nai — improbably

la'a ti traji lo ka misno — Probably, this is the most popular one.

la'a ru'e ve ciksi — Probably, it's the explanation.

la'a nai la kevin ka'e jai gau birti fai la alis — It's improbable that Kevin can convince Alice.

la'a le nakni ba zi mo'u zukte — He ought to finish soon.

Related words: lakne"

la'e — what can be referred to by ... (noun follows)

do jo'u mi pu casnu da i la'e di'u pu cacra li ji'i pa — There was something you and I discussed. And that lasted for approximately an hour.

la'e zo alis cu cinri cukta — "Alice" is an interesting book.

Comment: la'e [noun] is the same as lo se sinxa be [noun]."

la'o — turn foreign text into noun that is a name

la'o gy.the wild bears.gy. jai cinri skina — "The wild bears" is an interesting movie.

Comment: quotes a text that can be not Lojbanic. The quotation is to be wrapped with pauses from both sides and with an additional Lojbanic word around them from both sides (this word must not be used within the text quoted). Usually the separating words is the name of the first letter of the language of the quotation.

Related words: zoi, la'o, zo, lu ... li'u, lo'e, lo'u, mu'oi"

labno — x_1(entity) is a wolf of species x_2(taxon)

lo labno — wolf.

mi pu tirna lo nu lo labno cu cmoni — I heard wolfs howling.

Related words: gerku"

labyxu'e — x_1(entity) is pink, of rose color

lo labyxu'e — pink, rose (of color).

lo va nixli pe lo labyxu'e cu mo — Who is that girl in pink?

Related words: xunre, blabi"

lacpu — x_1(entity) pulls or drags x_2(entity)

lo se lacpu — something pulled, something dragged.

la alis pu lacpu la kevin re'o lo kerfa — Alice dragged Kevin upstairs by the hair.

Related words: catke, sakci, cokcu"

lacri — x_1(entity) relies, counts on, trusts x_2(entity) to bring about, ensure, maintain state x_{3(property of x1 with kau)}

mi lacri do lo ka ma kau sidju — I rely on you to help me.

mi xebni lo ka lacri lo karce pe mi lo ka klama lo jai se djica be mi fu ma kau — I hate having to rely on my car to get where I want.

Related words: minde, nitcu, tinbe"

ladru — x_1(entity) is some milk from x_2(entity)

lo ladru — milk.

e'o do dunda pa kabri be lo ladru mi — Please give me a glass of milk.

Related words: lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji"

lafti — x_1(entity) lifts x_2(entity)

lo se lafti — something lifted.

xu do kakne lo ka lafti le rokci — Can you lift the stone?

Related words: farlu, plipe"

lai [lo gadri] — turn verb into name (sumti) denoting a mass

lai djonson pu se zdani ti — The Johnsons lived here.

Comment: the mass of those that are called ... Creates personal name that denote a mass."

lakne — x_1(clause) is probable, likely

lo lakne — probable.

lakne fa lo nu ba carvi — I will probably rain.

le nabmi cu jai lakne fai lo ka na nandu — The problem is probably not hard.

Related words: cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cnano"

lakse — x_1(entity) is some wax

lo lakse — wax.

lo bifce cu cupra lo lakse — Bees produce wax.

Related words: bifce, ranti, bidju"

laldo — x_1(entity) is old/aged in that it has x_{2(property of x1)}

lo laldo — old, aged.

ti noi kosta cu laldo lo ka ze'a ma kau se dasni — This jacket is old in how long it has been worn.

Related words: citno, slabu"

lalxu — x_1(entity) is a lake at site x_2(entity)

lo lalxu — lake, pool. lo se lalxu — place with a lake.

ai mi vitke lo lalxu be le panka — I'm going to visit a lake in the park.

Related words: daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani"

lamji — x_1(entity) is adjacent, next to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2)} in direction x_{4(property of x1 and x2, has two places for ce'u)}

lo lamji — immediate (adjacent).

lo zdani be la alis cu lamji lo ckule lo ka stuzi vau lo ka ce'u ce'u stici vo'a — Alice's home is adjacent to the school in where it is located and it is to the east of the school.

Related words: zvati, cpana, jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini"

lanbi — x_1(entity) is a quantity of protein

lo lanbi — protein.

lo nanba cu vasru lo so'i lanbi — Bread contains a lot of protein.

Related words: ladru, sovda"

lanci — x_1(entity) is a flag or banner symbolizing x_2(entity)

lo lanci — flag, banner.

ti lanci la lojban — This is the flag of Lojban.

Related words: gugde, jecta"

lanka — x_1(entity) is a basket containing x_2(entity)

lo lanka — basket. lo se lanka — contents of a basket.

ko jgari lo lanka be lo fragari — Take a basket with strawberries.

Related words: vasru, baktu"

lanli — x_1(entity) analyzes x_2(entity) by method x_{3(property of x1)}

lo lanli — analyst. lo se lanli — something analysed. lo te lanli — method of analysis.

le mikce cu lanli lo bilma lo ka tirna lo fepri — The doctor examines the patient by listening to the lungs.

Related words: cipra, catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka"

lanme — x_1(entity) is a sheep of species x_2(taxon)

lo lanme — sheep.

ti noi cirla cu se zbasu fi lo ladru be lo lanme — This cheese is made from sheep's milk.

Related words: kanba, sunla"

lante — x_1(entity) is a can for x_2(entity)

lo lante — can, pre-sealed container. lo se lante — something canned.

ti lante lo festi — It's a can for waste.

Related words: botpi, baktu, tinci"

lanxe — x_{1(entity group)} is in balance under forces x_2(entity)

lo lanxe — balanced.

lo ni mi gunka jo'u lo ni mi surla cu lanxe lo se zukte be mi — I keep my work and my leisure time in balance.

Related words: fapro, midju, nutli"

lanzu — x_1(entity) is a family including x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(relation between members of x2, contains two places for ce'u)}

lo lanzu — family. lo se lanzu — family member.

ti lanzu lo citno lo ka ce'u ce'u prami — This is a family of young people bound by mutual love.

Related words: natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi"

larcu — x_{1(property of nonce place)} is an art, creative application of skill x_{2(proposition)}

lo larcu — art. lo se larcu — craft.

za'a do certu lo larcu be lo ka finti lo melbi se sanga — I can see, you are an expert in creating beautiful songs.

lo ka prami cu larcu — Love is an art.

Related words: finti, zbasu, stati"

lasna — x_1(entity) fastens or binds x_2(entity) to x_3(entity) with x_4(entity)

lo lasna — fastener. lo se lasna — fastened.

le prenu pu lasna la kevin pa kamju pa skori — The person tied Kevin to a pillar with a rope.

Related words: jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, kansa"

lastu — x_1(entity) is a quantity of brass

lo lastu — brass.

lo lastu cu mixre lo tunka joi lo zinki — Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

Comment: lo lastu is an alloy made of copper and zinc.

Related words: jinme, ransu, tunka"

latna — x_1(entity) is a lotus of species x_2(taxon)

lo latna — lotus.

le latna co'a me lo flora poi se panci lo pluka — The lotus turns into a flower with a pleasant scent.

Related words: budjo, censa, lijda, spati"

lazni — x_1(entity) is lazy concerning action x_{2(property of x1)}

lo lazni — lazy. lo se lazni — action lazily avoided.

mi lazni lo ka catlu le matra — I am lazy to look at the engine.

Related words: nejni, vreta, gunka"

le [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun just mentioned

mi pu viska lo fetsi i le fetsi cu melbi — I saw a female. She is pretty.

Comment: the, creates pronoun like she, he from noun. le fetsi is she, le nakni is he, le za'u mei is they."

le'ai [terminator] — ends a construct started with: lo'ai, sa'ai"

le'e [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun denoting a typical thing previously mentioned

lo'e cipni cu kakne lo ka vofli i mi tadni le'e cipni — Typical birds can fly. And I study such birds.

Comment: the typical one that does or is ... (previously defined).

Related words: le, lo, lo'e"

le'o [interjection] — Grr! (aggression), le'o cu'i — expressing passive (non-agressive) emotion, le'o nai — expressing defensive emotion

le'o ro ko tinbe fi mi — Everybody follow my orders!

le'o cu'i sa'u mi pu retsku zo'ei lo se klani be lo nu do kanro — Hey, I just asked you about your health.

le'o nai mi jimpe lo du'u ei mi zutse ti — Okay, okay, I understand that I have to sit here.

Related words: gunta, bandu"

le'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: lo'u"

lebna — x_1(entity) takes or seizes x_{2(entity, property of x3)} from x_3(entity)

lo se lebna — something taken.

le za'u mei pu lebna fi mi fe lo ka se krali lo ka ponse le karce — They took my rights on owning the car.

mi pu lebna pa titla le tanxe ca lo nu lo drata na jundi — I took a candy from the box when other weren't attentive.

Comment: lebna implies possession taken, cpacu doesn't imply previous possession, vimcu doesn't imply acquiring possession.

Related words: punji, cpacu, vimcu, canci, cliva"

lei [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun denoting a mass previously mentioned

mi pu zgana loi prenu je ba co'a sanli i ba bo mi pu muvdu fa'a lei prenu — I noticed a crowd and stood up. After that, I moved into the direction of the crowd.

Comment: the ..., the mass of those that are ... (previously mentioned)."

lenjo — x_1(entity) is a lens focusing rays x_2(entity) to the focus x_3(entity)

lo lenjo — lens. lo se lenjo — rays focused by a lens. lo te lenjo — focus of a lens.

ti lenjo lo gusni lo darno — This lens focusing light has a long focal length.

mi co'a dasni loi lenjo te zu'e lo ka sfubu — I put on goggles in order to dive.

ko bevri fi mi fe loi lenjo pe mi — Bring me my glasses.

Comment: x₂ is usually light. Light from the original object comes through x₁ in the form of x₂ onto x₃.

Related words: kacma, minra"

lenku — x_1(entity) is cold

lo lenku — cold.

lo vacri cu zenba lo ni lenku — It's getting cold.

le jisra pe ne'i lo lenku minji pu xlali — The juice in the fridge was no good.

Related words: glare, bisli"

lerci — x_1(clause) is late by standard x_{2(proposition)}

lo lerci — late event.

lo nu mi volta lo zdani cu lerci lo se jinvi be lo mamta be mi — According to my mother, I returned home late.

Related words: clira"

lerfu — x_1(entity) is a letter, symbol in word or alphabet x_{2(entity, text)} representing x_{3(entity, sound)}

lo lerfu — letter, alphabetic symbol.

zoi ry.д.ry. lerfu lo rusko zo d — д is a letter of Russian alphabet representing sound d.

Related words: mifra, namcu, sinxa"

letri — x_1(entity) is electric in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo letri — electric.

lo dilnu cu letri lo ka cupra lo lindi — The cloud are electric in that they produce lightning.

Related words: magneti, trina, xlura"

li — turn number into value

li vo cu sumji li re li re — 4 is the sum of 2 and 2.

Comment: value of the following number or a math expression."

li'a [interjection] — clearly, of course, li'a nai — obscurely

li'a do xanka — You are clearly worried.

li'a no da poi te ckini be la alis bei la kevin pu na drani — Clearly, nothing in their relations was amiss.

li'a mi pu no roi vitke lo dzipo tumla — Of course, I have never been to Antarctica.

li'a nai lo tcima cu funca le solri — Weather depends on the sun, I see, but it's complicated.

Related words: klina"

li'anpi — x_1(entity) is a cheek of x_2(entity)

lo li'anpi — cheek.

ra pu se li'anpi lo plana — She had chubby cheeks.

Related words: flira, mlana"

li'anzi — x_1(entity) is a length of chain with links or rings x_2(entity)

lo li'anzi — chain. lo se li'anzi — link of a chain, ring of a chain.

ti li'anzi lo barda je rijno — This is a chain with big silver rings.

Related words: djine, cukla, gunma, lasna"

li'i [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

lo pluka ko li'i se senva — Have a pleasant dream (sweat dreams!) Bon appetite!

lo pluka ko li'i se citka i ma do li'i salci — How did you like the party?

Comment: x_{1 (property of x2)} is an experience of ... (clause follows) experienced by x₂. The first omitted place of the clause is assumed to be the second place of the li'i clause."

li'o [interjection] — and so on (omitted text)

la kevin cu pa moi i la edvard cu re moi i li'o — Kevin is the first. Eduard is the second, and so on."

li'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: lu

Comment: seldom elidable except at end of text."

lidne — x_1(entity) precedes x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1 and x2)}

lo mlatu ba lidne lo gerku lo ka se casnu ca ma kau — Cats will be discussed before dogs.

Comment: purci is for time sequence.

Related words: balvi, ralju, rebla, purci, jersi, porsi, jatna, farna"

lifri — x_1(entity) experiences x_2(clause)

lo lifri — experiencer, patient (experiencer). lo se lifri — experienced event, feeling (what is felt).

mi lifri lo ka pu se nandu — I've had a hard life.

do ba lifri lo nabmi — You'll get into trouble.

mi pu lifri lo ka ganse lo cizra — I underwent strange sensation.

Related words: ri'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi"

lijda — x_1(entity) is a religion of believers x_2(entity) sharing beliefs x_{3(proposition)}

lo lijda — religion. lo se lijda — religious believer. lo te lijda — religious belief.

lo na krici tu'a pa cevni na te lijda — Not believing in God is not a religion.

la animism cu lijda lo remna poi se zdani lo vi tumla lo du'u ro dacti cu vasru lo pruxi — Animism is a religion of people living on this land that asserts that every object contains a spirit.

do se lijda ma — What is your religion?

Related words: budjo, censa, cevni, crida, dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranmi, ritli, xriso, zekri"

limna — x_1(entity) swims in x_2(entity)

lo limna — swimmer.

e'a nai do limna lo xamsi — Don't swim in the sea!

Related words: djacu, fulta, klama, litru"

limxone — x_1(entity) is a lemon of species x_2(entity)

lo limxone — lemon.

au mi pinxe lo limxone jisra — I'd like to drink a lemon juice.

Related words: pelxu, nimre, najnimre"

lindi — x_1(entity) is a lightning striking at x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo lindi — lightning.

sa'u tu pe pu cu lindi lo darno pa dilnu — That was just a lightning that stroke far away from here striking from a cloud.

Related words: letri"

linji — x_1(entity) is a line segment defined by points x_{2(entity group)}

lo linji — line. lo se linji — points defining a line.

loi pulji pu se linji lo clani te zu'e lo ka kurji lo cadzu prenu — The police officers formed long lines in order to protect walking people.

Related words: korcu, sirji, jganu, kantu, mokca"

linto — x_1(entity) is lightweight

lo linto — lightweight, light (not heavy).

le mlatu verba cu linto — The kitten is lightweight.

Comment: lo xalbo is light (not serious), lo gusni is light (illumination).

Related words: junta, tilju"

lisri — x_1(text) is a story about x_2(entity)

lo lisri — story, tale, yarn (story), narrative. lo se lisri — plot of a story.

ko skicu pa lisri be lo crida mi — Tell me a story about fairies.

Related words: ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci"

liste — x_1(entity) is a list, log of x_{2(entity group)}

lo liste — list, log. lo se liste — logged.

mi pu tcidu lo liste be lo notci noi te porsi lo ka se benji ca ma kau — I read a log of messages, which were sorted in the order of being sent.

Comment: unlike porsi the word liste describes an actual object with the sequence formed as is.

Related words: porsi, girzu, cmima"

litce — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) liters

ti noi djacu cu litce li re — It's two liters of water.

Related words: centi"

litki — x_1(entity) is liquid

lo litki — liquid.

ko satre le litki pa panje — Wipe the liquid with a sponge.

Related words: cilmo, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flu'ente, jduli"

litru — x_1(entity) travels via route x_2(entity)

lo litru — traveller. lo se litru — travelling route.

mi pu litru lo fange gugde — I travelled abroad.

Related words: bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu"

livga — x_1(entity) is a liver of x_2(entity)

lo livga — liver.

xu lo ka citka lo livga be lo jipci cu xamgu do — Is eating chicken liver good for you?

Related words: rango, betfu"

livla — x_1(entity) is a fuel for powering x_2(entity)

lo livla — fuel.

le toknu cu se livla lo mudri — The furnace is stoked up with wood.

lo livla na banzu — There isn't enough fuel.

Related words: nejni, xaksu, jelca"

lo [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun

lo mlatu cu danlu — Cat is an animal.

lo pa sazri ca denpa — A driver waits.

lo za'u sazri ca denpa — Drivers wait.

Comment: the one which does ..., the one which is ..., those which do ..., those which are .... Creates noun from verb. Often corresponds to English '-er' like in 'singer', 'player'. Without numbers specified refers to noun in general and thus can refer both singular and plural nouns depending on context. Nouns ends in a selbri (main verb)."

lo'ai — To correct yourself say lo'ai, then the incorrect construct, then sa'ai, then the same but corrected construct, then le'ai.

mi pu vitke lo dzipo le'ai nai — I visited Antarctica (sic!)

mi pu klama lo zarci y lo'ai pu sa'ai ba le'ai — I went to the store, ehm, no, will go!

sa'ai ba klama le'ai pei — Is it "will go" that should have been said?

Comment: You may just start with sa'ai if it's obvious what is corrected. The word le'ai on its own indicates that an obvious mistake was made. le'ai dai indicates that the other partner made a mistake. le'ai pei asks whether the partner made a mistake. le'ai nai explicitly denies mistakes."

lo'e [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun denoting a typical thing

lo'e cipni cu kakne lo ka vofli — Typical birds can fly.

Comment: the typical one that does or is ...."

lo'o [terminator] — ends a construct started with: li, me'o"

lo'u — turn main verb into noun that is a quote

ma smuni lo'u vau ua le'u noi do cusku — What's the meaning of vau ua that you said?

Comment: lo'u ... le'u is a noun quoting any number of Lojban words."

logji — x_{1(proposition)} is a logic for reasoning about x_{2(proposition)}

lo logji — logic.

lo du'u lo prina be fi lo jamfu be pa nixli cu nenri le dinju cu logji lo du'u la alis pu zvati ti — By the fact that there are footprints of a girl inside the house, I conclude that Alice was here.

Related words: nibli"

loi [lo gadri] — turn verb into noun denoting a mass

loi tadni pu sruri le dinju — Students surrounded the building.

Comment: the mass of those that are .... Creates noun that denotes a mass."

lojbo — x_1(entity) is Lojbanic in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo lojbo — Lojbanic.

mi lojbo no drata be lo ka se cinri la lojban i je mi na tavla bau la lojban — I'm a Lojbanic person only in that I'm interested in Lojban; I don't speak it.

Related words: bangu, logji"

loldi — x_1(entity) is a floor, ground of x_2(entity)

lo loldi — floor.

mi pu sipna bu'u lo loldi be lo kumfa pe mi — I slept on the floor of my room.

Related words: bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, skalera"

lorxu — x_1(entity) is a fox of species x_2(taxon)

lo lorxu — fox.

lo lorxu cu citka lo jipci — Foxes eat hens.

Related words: gerku"

lu — turn main verb into noun that is a quote

mi pu cusku lu coi lo pendo li'u — I said "Hello, friends!"

Comment: lu ... li'u is a noun quoting grammatically correct text in Lojban (can contain any number of words)."

lu'e — what refers to (noun follows)

lo re cirkulo cu du lu'e lo logji — Two circles is a symbol of logic.

lo vi vorme janbe cu du lu'e mi — This doorbell is to call me.

Comment: lu'e [noun] is the same as lo sinxa be [noun]."

lu'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: la'e, lu'e, tu'a, zo'ei"

lujvo — x_1(text) is a lujvo, verb made of affixes with meaning x_2(entity), arguments meaning x_{3(ordered entity group)}, with affixes built from components x_{4(ordered text group)}

lo lujvo — lujvo (compound verb made of affixes).

zo ki'ogra lujvo lo du'u kilto lo grake vau lo kilto ce'o lo se grake zo kilto ce'o zo grake — ki'ogra is a lujvo meaning "is a thousand of grams" with arguments meaning "what is measured in thousands", "the number of grams"; affixes of the lujvo are built from kilto and grake attached sequentially.

Related words: stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni"

lumci — x_1(entity) washes x_2(entity) of contaminant x_3(entity)

lo lumci — washer.

mi pu lumci so'o palta lo stali — I washed off the remains from some dishes.

Related words: djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve"

lunbe — x_1(entity) is naked or bare

lo lunbe — naked, bare.

le cifnu ca lunbe — The baby is naked now.

Related words: taxfu, bandu"

lunra — x_1(entity) is the Moon, major natural satellite of planet x_2(entity)

lo lunra — Moon (major natural satellite). lo se lunra — planet with a moon.

le terdi cu se lunra pa da — The Earth has one natural moon.

Related words: planeta, solri, terdi, mluni"

lunsa — x_1(entity) condenses

lo lunsa — condensing.

lo bisli lunsa pu gacri le dertu — Frost covered the ground.

Related words: cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru"

luska — x_1(entity) is a mollusk of species x_2(entity)

lo luska — mollusc.

ti noi luska cu cpare co masno — This mollusk moves slowly.

Related words: curnu, danlu, xamsi, rirxe"

ly [pronoun] — l (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like ly is for the last lo lalxu used."

ma [pronoun] — asks for the noun (that should go into the place to which ma is put)

do djica ma — What do you want?

ma noi prenu pu zvati ti — Who was here?

ma noi dacti pu zvati ti — What object was here?"

ma'a [pronoun] — we with you (includes other persons not in the dialog)

ma'a se zdani lo bu'u planeta — We inhabit this planet.

lo rarna munje cu vajni ca lo nu ma'a se lifri — Nature plays an important role in our lives.

Comment: mi'ai is a more vague pronoun."

ma'i [preposition from manri] — in reference frame ...

ma'i lo mi pendo lo tcini cu zenba lo ka xlali — According to my friend, the situation is deteriorating."

ma'oi — quotes one next word and treats it as the name of a selma'o (class of particles). The quoted word must be delimited by pauses (in speech) or whitespace (in writing)

zo di'ai cmavo ma'oi coi — di'ai is a grammatical particle of class "COI" (vocative).

Comment: selma'o are often written in English text in capital letters e.g.: COI.

Related words: ra'oi"

ma'u [digit/number] — plus sign (number follows; by default any positive)

li ma'u re du li bi vu'u xa — "+2 = 8 - 6.""

mabla — x_1(entity) is shitty, awful in x_{2(property of x1)} according to x_3(entity) ; x₁ stinks, sucks

lo mabla — shitty, awful, execrable.

fi mi le cidja cu mabla lo ka se zalvi lo denci — For me the food is awful in chewing it.

Related words: palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca, nakpinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu"

mabru — x_1(entity) is mammal of species x_2(taxon)

lo mabru — mammal.

lo delfinu cu mabru — Dolphins are mammals.

Related words: danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, xarju"

macnu — x_1(entity) is manual in function x_{2(property of x1)}

lo macnu — manual. lo se macnu — function done manually.

ti noi karce cu macnu lo ka gau cenba lo ka sutra — The speed of this car is changed manually.

Related words: zmiku, jitro"

magneti — x_1(entity) is magnetic in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo magneti — magnet.

le rokci cu magneti lo ka snipa lo jinme — The stone is magnetic in that it sticks to metal.

le rokci co'u magneti lo ka co'a glare — The stone becomes non-magnetic when being heat up.

Related words: letri, trina, xlura"

mai — turn number into numbered item or paragraph

pa mai la meilis ze'i se zdani ti — First, Mei Li has been living here for a short time.

re mai la meilis ka'e sidju ma'a — Secondly, she can help us.

ro mai la meilis cu stati nixli — Lastly, she is a smart girl.

Comment: suffix of a number that marks a paragraph or item when they are ordered."

makcu — x_1(entity) is mature in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo makcu — mature.

le nanmu cu simlu lo ka makcu lo ka seksi — The man seems to be mature in his sexuality.

Related words: cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, nanmu"

makfa — x_1(clause) is magic or supernatural to x_2(entity) performed by x_3(entity)

lo makfa — magical event. lo te makfa — wizard, magician.

lo nu le ractu cu canci cu makfa le verba la djon — The disappearance of the rabbit performed by John was magical for the child.

Related words: krici, marvele"

malsi — x_1(entity) is a church, temple of people x_2(entity)

lo malsi — church, temple.

ti malsi lo budjo — This is a Buddhist temple.

Related words: cevni, krici, lijda, ritli"

mamta — x_1(entity) is a mother of x_2(entity)

lo mamta — mother. lo se mamta — child of a mother.

lo mamta be do pu zukte ma ca lo nu do mo'u klama lo zdani — What was your mother doing when you got home?

Related words: patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena"

manfo — x_1(entity) is uniform, homogeneous in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo manfo — uniform, homogeneous.

le bukpu ca manfo lo ka se tengu — The cloth is uniform in texture.

Related words: vrici, prane, curve, ranji, vitno, stodi, dikni, sampu, traji"

mango — x_1(entity) is a mango of variety x_2(taxon)

lo mango — mango.

mi pu nai citka lo mango — I have never eaten mangoes.

Related words: grute"

manku — x_1(entity) is dark

lo manku — dark.

le kumfa cu manku — The room is dark.

Related words: blabi, gusni, ctino, kandi, xekri, ctino"

manri — x_1(entity) is a standard for observing x_2(entity) with rules x_{3(property of x1)}

lo manri — standard.

mi manri lo nu ma kau ba jinga vau lo ka jdice ma kau — I'm the standard of determining of who will win, however I decide that will be so.

tu noi ve'i cmana ba manri lo nu zgana le tumla — That hill will be the reference frame for observing the land.

Related words: ma'i, ckilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde"

mansa — x_1(entity) satisfies x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo mansa — satisfying. lo se mansa — satisfied.

lo zdani be mi cu mansa mi lo ka tcini bu'u ce'u — I'm satisfied with the conditions in my house.

Related words: pajni"

manti — x_1(entity) is an ant of species x_2(taxon)

lo manti — ant.

lo sakta cu trina lo manti — Sugar attracts ants.

Related words: cinki, blato"

mapku — x_1(entity) is a hat, helmet

lo mapku — hat, helmet.

ai mi dasni lo mapku — I'm going to put on a hat.

Related words: taxfu, stedu, drudi"

mapni — x_1(entity) is some cotton

lo mapni — cotton.

le mapni cu zabna — The cotton is of high quality.

Related words: bukpu"

mapti — x_1(entity) is compatible with or matches x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo mapti — compatible, proper (fitting).

lo se cusku be do na mapti lo se cusku be lo jatna pe do lo ka se smuni — Your words are inconsistent in meaning with what your boss said.

ti ckiku lo na mapti be ti noi stela — This is a key incompatible with this lock.

Related words: satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu"

marbi — x_1(entity) is a shelter protecting x_2(entity) against threat x_{3(property of x2)}

lo marbi — shelter, haven, refuge, retreat, harbor.

mi pu jai se bapli fai lo ka se marbi pa laldo dinju fi lo ka cilmo — I had to take shelter in an old building in order not to become wet.

Related words: bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri"

marce — x_1(entity) is a vehicle for carrying x_2(entity)

lo marce — vehicle. lo se marce — passenger.

ti marce lo se vecnu — This is a vehicle for carrying goods.

ti marce ge lo se vecnu na'o ku gi lo remna ca'a ku — This is a vehicle intended to transport goods but actually used for transporting people.

Comment: karce and carce are designed to be with wheels, marce isn't and is more generic.

Related words: klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, karce, xislu, sabnu, skiji"

marde — x_{1(property of x2)} is the ethics of performer x_2(entity)

lo marde — ethics, morals, moral standards, ethical standards.

lo ka zukte lo se cpedu be lo bilma cu marde ei do — Doing what the ill person asks should be you ethics.

Related words: palci, vrude, lijda, manri, javni, tarti, zekri"

margu — x_1(entity) is a quantity of mercury

lo margu — mercury.

xu lo margu cu jinme — Is mercury a metal?

Related words: jinme"

marji — x_1(entity) is material of composition x_2(entity) in shape x_3(entity)

lo marji — material, stuff, matter. lo se marji — composition of matter. lo te marji — shape of matter.

ti noi nanba cu marji lo mraji lo bliku — This bread is made of rye and has the form of a block.

Related words: morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti"

marna — x_1(entity) is a quantity of hemp of species x_2(taxon)

lo marna — hemp.

ti skori lo marna — This is a cable made of hemp.

Related words: skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi"

marvele — x_1(entity) is marvelous, astonishing to x_2(entity)

lo marvele — marvelous.

lo bu'u stuzi cu marvele mi — This place is marvelous to me.

Related words: melbi"

marxa — x_1(entity) crushes or smashes x_2(entity) into x_3(entity)

mi pu marxa lo patlu lo pesxu — I made mashed potatoes.

Related words: daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli"

masno — x_1(entity) is slow at doing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo masno — slow.

le verba ca simlu lo ka masno lo ka cadzu — The child seems to be slow at walking.

Related words: sutra"

masti — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) months long

lo masti — month-long event.

lo lidne dunra cu masti li ci — The past winter lasted for 3 months.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one month in duration

Related words: detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca"

matci — x_1(entity) is a mat or pad

lo matci — mat, pad.

ko jai mosra lo cutci pe do le matci — Wipe your shoes on the mat.

Related words: kicne, tapla, karda, ckana"

matli — x_1(entity) is some flax, linen

lo matli — linen.

ti noi creka cu matli — This shirt is linen.

Related words: bukpu"

matne — x_1(entity) is some butter

lo matne — butter.

mi pu citka pa snuji be lo matne bei lo nanba — I ate a sandwich with butter and bread.

Related words: grasu, kruji"

matra — x_1(entity) is an engine driving x_2(entity)

lo matra — engine.

ti noi karce cu se matra lo vlipa — This car has a powerful engine.

Related words: marce, minji, carce"

mau [preposition from zmadu] — with ... doing more, with ... being more

nelci do fa mi ne mau la alis — I like you but Alice likes you more.

Comment: the clause itself describes the comparison."

mau'i [right scaler] — stronger intensity

ua do ti zvati i ua mau'i ji'a la alis ti zvati — Wow, you are here. Wow, wow, Alice is here too!

Comment: usually specifies an intensity of an interjection stronger than the intensity of the same interjection earlier used.

Related words: dau'i, mau'i, me'ai, cu'i, sai, ru'e"

mavji — x_1(entity) is some oats of species x_2(taxon)

lo mavji — oats.

ze'u ku lo mavji gau ralju cidja lo xirma — Oats have long been the main food for horses.

Related words: gurni"

maxri — x_1(entity) is some wheat of species x_2(taxon)

lo maxri — wheat.

lo nanba cu se zbasu fi lo maxri — Bread is made of wheat.

Related words: gurni"

me — x1 is among the referents of ... (a noun follows)

xu do me lo ctuca — Are you a teacher?"

me'ai [right scaler] — weaker intensity

ua do tsuku doi la alis i ua me'ai lo drata ti zvati ji'a — Wow, you arrived, Alice! Oh well, the others are here too.

Comment: usually specifies an intensity of an interjection weaker than the intensity of the same interjection earlier used.

Related words: dau'i, mau'i, me'ai, cu'i, sai, ru'e"

me'i [digit/number] — less than ... (number follows)

me'i mu prenu ca zutse bu'u le kumfa — There are less than five people sitting in the room now."

me'o — turn number into text

ko catke la'e me'o so pa pa — Dial 911!

me'o pa re ci — 123 (as a text).

Comment: marks the following sequence of numbers as a text."

me'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: me"

mebri — x_1(entity) is a forehead of x_2(entity)

lo mebri — forehead, brow.

le fetsi pu se mebri lo kalri — She had a forehead open.

Related words: stedu, flira"

megdo — x_1(entity) is a million of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

mi ponse lo megdo be lo rupnu be li ci — I own three million dollars.

e'o do cuxna fi lo pixra poi klani lo megdo be li su'e pa bei lo ka se bitni li bi — Please choose an image that does not exceed 1 Megabyte.

Related words: centi"

mei [verb] — turn number into verb denoting quantity

mi ralte pa boi re mei be lo gluta — I have a pair of mittens.

mi'o re mei — You and I are two.

pa mei lo nabmi — It is one of the problems.

le vo mei pu klama le kumfa — The four entered the room.

Comment: x_1(entity) are (n) in number and are among x_2(entity). The number (n) is put in front of mei.

Related words: cmima, gunma, moi"

mekso — x_1(text) is a mathematical expression under rules x_{2(proposition)}

lo mekso — math expression.

lu li vo du li re su'i re li'u mekso la lojban — li vo du li resu'i re is a mathematical expression in Lojban.

zoi cy.(x+15&~15).cy. mekso lo bangu poi du la c — "(x+15&~15)" is a mathematical expression in C language.

Related words: cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, namcu, parbi, pilji"

melbi — x_1(entity) is beautiful to observer x_2(entity) in aspect x_{3(property of x1)}

lo melbi — beautiful.

le ninmu cu melbi mi lo ka se catlu — For me the woman is beautiful to look at.

Related words: pluka, xamgu"

menli — x_1(clause) is a mind of body x_2(entity)

lo menli — mind.

lo menli be lo smani cu simsa lo menli be lo remna — The mind of monkeys is similar to the one of humans.

Comment: ability of being aware of things and of rational thought.

Related words: intele, besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni"

mensi — x_1(entity) is a sister of x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(property of x1)}

lo mensi — sister. lo se mensi — sibling of a sister.

do mensi mi lo ka se patfu — You are my brother since we are born from the same father.

Related words: bruna, tunba, tamne, famti"

mentu — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) minutes long

lo mentu — minute-long event.

le nu penmi cu mentu be li ji'i xa no — The meeting is approximately 60 minutes long.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one minute in duration

Related words: junla, cacra, snidu, tcika"

merko — x_1(entity) is U.S. American in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo merko — American (of the United States).

mi'a pu rinsa le pa merko — We greeted the American.

Related words: bemro, ketco, glico"

merli — x_1(entity) measures x_2(entity) as x_3(number) units on scale x_{4(property of x2 and x3)} with accuracy x_5(number)

lo merli — measurer. lo se merli — measured.

mi merli le jubme li pa lo ka mitre vau li pi pa — I measured the length of the table as 1 meter with accuracy 0.1 meters.

Related words: kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, cimde, kramu, manri, centi"

mi [pronoun] — I (the speaker or the speakers)

mi gleki — I'm happy."

mi'a [pronoun] — we without you

mi'a pu casnu do — We were discussing you.

Comment: mi'ai is a more vague pronoun."

mi'ai [pronoun] — we (at least two persons including at least one of the speakers)

mi'ai se rai troci — We try our best.

mi'ai djuno lo krinu — We know the reason.

da mi'ai nabmi — We have a problem.

Comment: English we. mi'a, mi'o and ma'a are more specific cases of mi'ai."

mi'e [vocative] — I am ... (self-identification of the speaker), mi'e nai — I am not (denial of the speaker's identity)

coi mi'e la gleki — Hello, I'm La Gleki.

coi la kevin i mi'e nai la kevin — Hello, Kevin - I'm not Kevin."

mi'i [conjunction] — from center of ... and of distance ... around

lo za'u flora cu zvati lo cmana mi'i lo ki'otre be li ci — The flowers are present on the mountain and three kilometers around of it."

mi'o [pronoun] — you and I (the speaker and the listener)

mi'o ba renvi — You and I will survive.

Comment: mi'ai is a more vague pronoun."

mi'u [interjection] — ditto (the same thing) — another one

mi pu zukte ra mi'u — I did the same thing.

mi pu lebna lo cukta gi'e dunda lo cukta mi'u nai la alis — I took a book and gave another one to Alice.

Related words: mintu, bi'u nai, le, ri, ra"

midju — x_1(entity) is in the middle of x_2(entity)

lo midju — middle.

ra pu sanli bu'u lo midju be le dargu — He was standing in the middle of the road.

Comment: lo midju is center point, lo centero is central subset (of a set or territory), lo kernelo is core.

Related words: lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju"

mifra — x_{1(entity, text)} is an encoded x_{2(entity, text)} made using cipher x_{3(property of x1 and x2, has two places for ce'u)}

lo mifra — encrypted text. lo se mifra — not encrypted text. lo te mifra — cipher for encryption.

zoi .mifr.cni rni dn.mifr. mifra lu coi ro do li'u lo ka zo o pe ce'u se basti zo n pe ce'u — cni rni dn is an encoded Lojban phrase coi ro do where n is a replacement for o.

zo coi mifra lo nu rinsa vau lo bangu — coi is a greeting encoded in language.

Related words: mipri, lerfu, sinxa"

mikce — x_1(entity) cures or treats x_2(entity) for disease x_3(clause) ; x₁ is a doctor

lo mikce — doctor. lo se mikce — patient (being cured). lo te mikce — ailment treated, disease cured.

le mikce pu minde mi lo ka sipna — The doctor ordered me to sleep.

lo mamta be mi pu mikce mi tu'a lo bekpi be mi ta'i lo ka punji lo jduli — My mother treated my ill back by applying an ointment.

Comment: the process of treatment can be described using ta'i or tadji.

Related words: bilma, kanro, spita"

mikri — x_1(entity) is a millionth of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

le jurme cu mikri lo mitre be li re boi lo ka ganra — The microbe is 2 micrometers wide.

Related words: centi"

milti — x_1(entity) is a thousandth of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

le jubme cu milti lo mitre be li bi no no lo ka ganra — The table is 800 millimeters wide.

Related words: centi"

milxe — x_1(entity) is mild in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo milxe — mild.

le djacu cu milxe lo ka glare — The water is warm (not hot).

mi milxe lo ka tatpi — I'm tired to a moderate degree.

Related words: mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci"

minde — x_1(entity) commands or orders x_2(entity) to do x_{3(property of x2)}

lo minde — commander. lo se minde — commanded. lo te minde — command (order).

le turni pu minde mi lo ka klama ca lo drani — The manager ordered me to come on time.

Related words: lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe"

minji — x_1(entity) is a machine for function x_2(clause)

lo minji — machine. lo se minji — function of a machine.

ti minji lo nu cpacu lo djacu vau lo xance — This is a hand-controlled apparatus for getting water.

Comment: cabra is for devices controlled by external force, minji is for machines working automatically, zmiku is for robots in general.

Related words: cabra, matra, tutci, zukte, pilno, skami"

minli — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) long distance units in standard x_{3(property of x1)}

le dargu cu minli li re lo ka ki'otre — The road is two kilometers long.

Comment: describes measurement of an object in one dimension. x₃ desribes the scale that might not be metric. gutci is used in the same way but for subjectively large objects.

Related words: gutci, clani, ganra, rotsu, condi, mitre, dekpu, merli, bunda, kramu"

minra — x_1(entity) reflects or echoes x_2(entity) to observer x_3(entity) as x_4(entity)

lo se minra — reflected, echoed.

lo djacu pu minra lo gusni be fi la sol la alis lo marvele barna — Water reflected the sunlight that Alice could see as marvelous spots.

le bitmu so'i roi minra lo sance — The wall echoes the sound several times.

Related words: catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi"

mintu — x_1(entity) is identical to x_2(entity) ; x₁ is x₂

lo mintu — identical.

ta noi nanmu poi dasni lo pelxu cu mintu lo patfu be do — That man wearing yellow is your father.

Comment: the same meaning as du but only has two places. For equality use dunli.

Related words: panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, du, simxu"

mipri — x_1(entity) keeps x_2(entity) hidden from x_3(entity)

lo se mipri — concealed, hidden.

mi pu mipri le torta le verba — I hid the pie from the child.

Related words: stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, jarco"

mirli — x_1(entity) is a deer of species x_2(taxon)

lo mirli — deer.

co'a lo ka jbena vau lo mirli cu kakne lo ka sanli — A baby deer can stand as soon as it is born.

Related words: mabru, danlu"

misno — x_1(clause) is famous among x_2(entity)

lo misno — famous.

la su'o da cu jai misno lo pilno be la lojban — ""Someone"" (having such a name) is famous among Lojban speakers.

lo lisri be lo nu pa lo ralju dinju cu se darxi so'o vlipa dacti pu traji lo ka misno lo xabju be lo bu'u gugde — The story of one of the main buildings being hit by some powerful objects was one of the most famous events for people of this country.

la kevin co'a jai misno fai lo ka finti lo cfika — Kevin became famous as an author of fiction.

la kevin pu zenba lo ka jai misno fai lo ka finti lo cfika — Kevin rose to fame by writing fiction.

Related words: se sinma, banli"

mitre — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) meters in x_{3(property of x1)}

ti noi tanxe cu mitre li pa lo ka clani — This box is one meter in length.

Related words: centi"

mitysisku — x_1(entity) searches for x_2(entity) among x_3(entity)

lo mitysisku — searcher.

mi mitysisku lo sunla skaci lo nenri be lo vi kumfa — I'm looking for a woolen skirt among things in this room.

Related words: cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, marvele, facki"

mixre — x_1(entity) is a mixture including x_{2(group of same type as x1)}

lo mixre — mixture. lo se mixre — ingredient of a mixture.

lo vacri cu mixre so'o gapci — Air is a mixture of several gases.

Related words: salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso"

mlana — x_1(entity) is to the side of x_2(entity)

lo mlana — lateral.

le tanxe cu mlana le bitmu — The box is to the side of the wall.

Related words: lamji, cpana, galtu"

mlatu — x_1(entity) is a cat of species x_2(taxon)

lo mlatu — cat.

lo ka kucli cu catra lo mlatu — Curiosity killed the cat.

mi ralte pa mlatu e pa gerku — I keep a cat and a dog.

Comment: Also applies to feline animals like tigers, lions.

Related words: bramlatu, cinfo, ratcu, gerku"

mleca — x_1(entity) is less than x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)} by amount x_4(entity)

lo mleca — less. lo se mleca — more.

ma'i mi lo tcati cu mleca lo ckafi lo ka kukte vau lo mutce — To me tea is much less tasty than coffee.

Related words: se me'a, me'i, su'o, jdika, zmadu, traji"

mledi — x_1(entity) is a mould or fungus of species x_2(taxon)

lo mledi — mould, fungus.

lo mledi pu sinxa lo nu le kumfa cu cilmo — Mold was a sign that the room was damp.

Related words: clika"

mligla — x_1(entity) is warm

lo mligla — warm.

lo vacri co'a mligla — The air became warm.

Related words: glare, milxe, lenku"

mluni — x_1(entity) is a satellite orbiting x_2(entity)

lo mluni — satellite (in outer space). lo se mluni — celestial body with a satellite.

so'i da rutni mluni le terdi — There are many satellites orbiting the Earth.

Related words: planeta, solri, lunra"

mo [verb] — asks for the main verb (that should go into the place to which mo is put)

do mo — How are you?

la lojban cu mo — What is Lojban?"

mo'a [digit/number] — too few

mo'a snuji cu cpana lo jubme — There are too few sandwiches on the table.

Comment: subjective estimate."

mo'i — marks event as reaching the state specified by the clause following mo'i

i do mo'i ca'u cadzu — You walk towards my front.

ko catke mo'i zu'a — Push it to the left."

mo'o — turn number into numbered chapter

pa mo'o pu zu ku zasti fa lo nanmu e lo ninmu — Chapter 1. Long ago lived a man and a woman.

Comment: suffix of a chapter or section number."

mo'u [preposition of aspect] — completing, being at the expected end (completive or telic aspect), mo'u nai — not having an end (incompletive or atelic aspect)

xu do mo'u jukpa — Are you done with cooking?

mi mo'u cirko — I've lost it.

mi mo'u citka lo ro plise — I've eaten up all apples.

mo'u nai ku mi pu zbasu lo dinju ze'a lo masti — I built houses for a month."

moi [verb] — turn number into verb denoting ordinal position

lo vi cukta cu me mi moi — This book is mine.

i mi ci moi lo pendo lo ka ce'u ce'u cinba — I kiss all but two of my friends.

lo cmaci cu ro moi lo saske lo ka ce'u ce'u zmadu fi lo ka mi djica lo ka tadni ma kau — Math is the last subject that I want to study.

Comment: x_1(entity) is the n-th member of x_2(entity) ordered by rule x_{3(relation between members of x2, contains two places for ce'u)}. The number (n) is put in front of moi. The two ce'u in the third place can specify the sequence in which members of the set are compared."

mokca — x_1(entity) is a point in time or at place x_2(entity)

lo mokca — instant, moment.

le nu jamna cu mokca po'o lo remna citri — The war is just a point in human history.

le terdi cu mokca po'o le munje — The Earth is just a point in the Universe.

Related words: jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, tcika"

moklu — x_1(entity) is a mouth of x_2(entity)

lo moklu — mouth.

e'e kalri fa lo moklu be do — Open your mouth.

Related words: ctebi, denci, tance"

molki — x_1(entity) is an industrial plant or mill performing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo molki — industrial plant, mill.

ti molki lo ka zalvi lo gurni — This is a mill grinding grain.

Related words: gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi"

molro — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) moles

lo tabno poi grake li pa re cu molro li pa — 12 grams of carbon is one mole in amount.

Related words: centi"

monsuta — x_1(entity) is a monster

lo monsuta — monster.

le monsuta pu cisma tai lo ka kusru — The monster smiled in a cruel way (the monster's smile was cruel).

Related words: cizra, danlu, terpa"

morji — x_1(entity) remembers x_{2(proposition)} about subject x_3(entity)

lo se morji — remembered.

mi morji fi lo bu'u tcadu fe lo du'u pu za lo nanca be li pa no no cu ralju tcadu lo bu'u gugde — I remember about this city that 100 years ago it was the main city of this country.

mi co'u morji lo du'u sarcu fa lo nu mi cusku ma kau — I forgot what to say.

Comment: morji describes memory of general knowledge (facts, concepts), vedli describes personal experience, autobiographical events, episodic memory.

Related words: ba'a nai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci"

morna — x_1(entity) is a pattern of forms x_{2(entity group)} arranged according to rule x_{3(proposition)}

lo morna — pattern.

mi nelci lo morna be lo pezli bei lo du'u lo gunma be ri cu cirkulo — I like patterns of leaves that form circles.

Related words: ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva, jimpe, rilti"

morsi — x_1(entity) is dead

lo morsi — dead.

xo da pu co'a morsi — How many died?

Related words: jmive, catra, betri"

mosra — x_1(clause) is friction due to rubbing of x_2(entity) against x_3(entity)

lo mosra — friction.

le mlatu pu ru'i se mosra lo kerfa be mi lo milxe — The cat was mildly rubbing against my head.

ai mi jai gau mosra fi le jubme fe lo bukpu — I'm going to wipe the table with a cloth.

Related words: sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, guska, pencu, spali"

mraji — x_1(entity) is some rye of species x_2(taxon)

lo mraji — rye.

ra crepu lo mraji — He is harvesting rye.

Related words: gurni"

mrilu — x_1(entity) mails or posts x_2(entity) to x_3(entity) from x_4(entity) in mail system x_5(entity)

lo mrilu — mailer. lo se mrilu — mailed. lo xe mrilu — mail system.

mi pu mrilu pa se dunda pa pendo pa dizlo tcana pa sivni — I mailed a present to a friend from a local post office via a private mail system.

mi pu mrilu pa notci fu lo kibro — I sent a message via the internet.

Comment: in benji the medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x₂ need not consist of discrete units.

Related words: benji, notci, xatra, tcana"

mruli — x_1(entity) is a hammer for doing x_{2(property of x1)} with head x_3(entity) propelled by x_4(entity)

lo mruli — hammer. lo te mruli — head of a hammer.

mi ne se pi'o pa mruli pu setca pa dinko le bitmu — Using a hammer I hammered a nail into the wall.

ti zmiku mruli lo ka setca lo dinko se pi'o ce'u vau lo barda lo matra — This is an automatic hammer for nailing with a large head propelled by a motor.

Related words: tutci"

mu [digit/number] — 5, five

mu bakni pu zvati le purdi — There were 5 cows in the garden."

mu'a [interjection] — for example

mi nelci lo danlu noi mu'a du lo gerku e lo mlatu — I like animals like, for example, dogs and cats.

Related words: mupli"

mu'i [preposition from mukti] — with the motive of ...

mi pu penmi la alis mu'i lo ka ciksi ro da — I met Alice in order to explain everything."

mu'o [vocative] — I am done talking. Over. That's all I can say (in radio communications), mu'o nai — more to come ... I am not done talking

i ro mai mi jinvi lo du'u za'u lo cukta cu jai sarcu mu'o — Finally, I think that more books are necessary, I'm done.

ja'o dai le za'u sonci pu cliva le tcadu mu'o nai loi mi tadni — As you may conclude, the soldiers left the city ... no, that's not the end of the story, my students."

mu'oi — turn foreign text into verb

la alis cu mu'oi gy.prima donna.gy. — Alice is a prima donna.

Comment: turns text that can be not Lojbanic into a verb. The text is to be wrapped with pauses from both sides and with an additional Lojbanic word around them from both sides (this word must not be used within the text quoted). Usually the separating words is the name of the first letter of the language of the text quoted..

Related words: zoi, la'o, zo, lu ... li'u, lo'e, lo'u, mu'oi"

mucti — x_1(entity) is immaterial

lo mucti — immaterial, not physical.

lo cmaci cu saske lo mucti — Mathematics studies immaterial things.

Related words: marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo"

mudri — x_1(entity) is some wood from tree x_2(entity)

lo mudri — wood.

ti mudri lo laldo — This is wood from old trees.

Related words: tricu, stani"

mukti — x_1(clause) is a motive for x_2(clause) done by agent x_3(entity)

lo mukti — motive. lo te mukti — who is motivated.

lo ka vasxu lo vifne cu mukti fi i fe lo ka klama se ka'a lo purdi — To breathe fresh air is my motive to go to a garden.

lo nu nitcu cu mukti ro nu finti — Necessity is the motive for every invention.

mi te mukti lo ka vitke la paris — I am going to visit Paris.

Comment: lo te zukte is usually used for goal, te zu'e for with goal.

Related words: mu'i, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura"

mulno — x_1(entity) is complete, whole in property x_{2(property of x1)}

lo mulno — complete.

mi mulno lo ka na kakne lo ka tavla fo lo fraso — I can't speak French at all.

do mulno lo ka jai fenki — You are completely crazy.

Related words: fanmo, culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni"

munje — x_1(entity) is a universe of x_2(entity)

lo munje — universe. lo se munje — domain of a universe.

la alis cu se zdani lo munje be se xanri be vo'a — Alice lives in the world of her fantasies.

Related words: ciste, planeta, kensa, mulno"

mupli — x_1(entity) is an example of x_{2(property of x1)} among x_3(entity)

lo mupli — example.

ti mupli lo ka titla vau lo vanju — This is an example of sweet wine.

ti mupli lo ka jai tasmi lo laldo nu enge vau lo dinju — This is an example of old architecture among buildings.

Related words: pixra"

murta — x_1(entity) is a curtain for covering x_2(entity)

lo murta — curtain. lo se murta — covered by a curtain.

lo dilnu cu murta lo tsani — Clouds are curtains of the sky.

Related words: canko, vorme"

muslo — x_1(entity) is Islamic or Moslem in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo muslo — Muslim, something Islamic.

le za'u mai pu casnu lo flalu be fi lo muslo — They discussed Muslim law.

Related words: jegvo, lijda"

mutce — x_1(entity) is extreme in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo mutce — extreme, very.

ti mutce lo ka kargu — This is very expensive.

mi mutce lo ka senpi — I highly doubt that.

Related words: milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli"

muvdu — x_1(entity) moves to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) over route x_4(entity)

le prenu cu muvdu lo bartu le dinju le canko — The person is moving to the outside from the building via the window.

la alis ba jai gau muvdu fai le tanxe pa drata kumfa — Alice will move the box to another room.

Comment: klama differs in that the means of motion is explicit, litru, cliva, fatri, dunda, benji is for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin, preja is for similar movement with no agent implied.

Related words: rinci, klama, litru, cliva, fatri, dunda, benji, preja, bevri, vimcu"

muzga — x_1(entity) is a museum or zoo for preserving x_2(entity)

lo muzga — museum.

ai mi vitke lo muzga be lo danlu — I'm going to visit the Zoo.

ma stuzi le muzga be lo arte — Where is the museum of art?

Related words: citri"

my [pronoun] — m (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like my is for the last lo mlatu used."

na [preposition of truth/falsehood] — It is not true that ...

na ku lo mi speni cu citno — It's not true that my wife is young."

na [2nd meaning] — left negator in conjunctions

la kevin pu ku prami na je cinba mi — Kevin didn't love but kissed me."

na'e [left scaler] — not ..., other than ... (on the scale). Modifies the construct to the right

na'e vajni mi — It's not important to me.

do ba na'e snada — You won't make it (won't succeed).

na'e bo mi pu zukte — Not I did it."

na'i [interjection] — the clause doesn't make sense (metalinguistic negator)

ca ma do pu te vecnu lo ractu i le ractu na'i — When did you buy a rabbit? I didn't buy a rabbit.

i do jinvi ma lo pelmeni i na'i i mi na se slabu zo pelmeni — What do you think of pelmeni? Nothing, I don’t know this word.

Related words: na drani"

na'o [preposition of aspect] — by default

do na'o to'e se zdile — You are a boring person."

nabmi — x_1(clause) is a problem to x_2(entity)

lo nabmi — problem.

lo ka ze'a denpa na nabmi mi — To wait for a while is not a problem for me.

Related words: retsku, se cfipu, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda, raktu"

nai [1st meaning: interjection] — opposite attitude. Used as a modifier of interjection

ui i ui nai — Yay! Alas!"

nai [2nd meaning: right scaler] — not, negates prepositions, pronouns, clauses, verb words

si'u i si'u nai — With help. Without help"

nai [3rd meaning] — placed after a connective negates the part after that connective

mi zgipli lo pipno gi'e nai certu — I play the piano but I'm not an expert."

najnimre — x_1(entity) is an orange of species x_2(entity)

e'o jisra lo najnimre — Orange juice, please!

Related words: narju, nimre"

nakni — x_1(entity) is a male of species x_2(taxon) with masculine traits x_{3(property of x1)}

lo nakni — male.

ti nakni lo mlatu lo ka se nakpinji — This is a male cat since it has a penis.

Related words: fetsi, bersa"

nakpinji — x_1(entity) is a penis of x_2(entity)

lo nakpinji — penis.

lo nakpinji be le bakni pu klama lo nenri be le vibna — The bull's penis entered the vagina.

Related words: seksi, gletu, vibna, plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti"

nalci — x_1(entity) is a wing of x_2(entity)

lo nalci — wing. lo se nalci — winged.

lo nalci be le cipni cu spofu — The bird has its wing broken.

Related words: cipni, pimlu, rebla"

namcu — x_1(number) is a number or value

lo namcu — number.

li bi namcu — 8 is a number.

Related words: lerfu, mekso, klani"

nanba — x_1(entity) is some bread

lo nanba — bread.

e'o lo blabi nanba e lo matne — White bread and butter, please!

mi pu smaka le nanba — I tasted the bread.

Related words: gurni, panlo, toknu"

nanca — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) years long

lo nanca — year-long event.

mi nanca li re mu — I am 25 years old.

mi se zdani ti ze'a lo nanca be li vo — I have been living here for 4 years.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one year in duration

Related words: detri, djedi, jeftu, masti"

nandu — x_{1(property of x2)} is difficult or challenging for x_2(entity)

lo nandu — difficult, challenging.

nandu mi fa lo ka cadzu lo vi boske — It's hard for me to wade through this forest.

Related words: frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa"

nanla — x_1(entity) is a boy

lo nanla — boy.

ta noi nanla cu mo — Who is that boy?

Related words: nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa"

nanmu — x_1(entity) is a man

lo nanmu — man.

o'i le nanmu cu jgari pa xarci — Careful, the man is holding a gun!

Related words: ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa"

nanvi — x_1(entity) is 10^-9 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo jgalu cu nanvi lo mitre lo ka zenba lo ka clani vau ca ro snidu — One nanometer is the length that a fingernail grows in one second.

Related words: centi"

narge — x_1(entity) is a nut from plant x_2(entity) with shell x_3(entity) and kernel x_4(entity)

lo narge — nut. lo te narge — nut shell. lo ve narge — nut kernel.

ti narge pa kokso lo rotsu pa kukte — This is a coconut with a thick shell and a tasty kernel.

Related words: grute, stagi, jbari, midju"

narju — x_1(entity) is orange (of color)

lo narju — orange.

le solri cu narju — The sun is orange.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji"

natfe — x_{1(proposition)} contradicts or denies x_{2(proposition)}

lo natfe — contradiction.

lo du'u la edvard pu zvati la nipon cu natfe lo se sruma be mi — The fact that Eduard was in Japan contradicts my assumption.

Related words: tolna'e, nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra"

natmi — x_1(entity) is nation or ethnic group of people x_2(entity)

lo natmi — nation.

lo se natmi be ma cu se zdani lo vi se kuspe — People of what nationality live in this area?

do se natmi ma — What is your nationality?

Related words: jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu"

nau [preposition] — here and now. Refers to current space and time absolutely.

mi pu djuno lo du'u la alis nau pu pu tsuku — I knew that Alice had arrived (before I knew).

mi pu djuno lo du'u la alis pu tsuku — I knew that Alice had arrived (before I knew).

Comment: used only as an adverb, not as a preposition. Creates tense descriptions viewed from the time of describing."

navni — x_1(entity) is a quantity of inert gas

lo navni — inert gas.

la argon cu navni — Argon is an inert gas.

Related words: xukmi, gapci"

naxle — x_1(entity) is a channel, canal to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) with the route x_4(entity)

lo naxle — channel, canal.

da jdika naxle le lalxe lo rirxe lo flora foldi — There is a narrow channel to the pool from a river, it goes through flower fields.

Related words: flu'ente, klama, pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu"

nazbi — x_1(entity) is a nose of x_2(entity)

lo nazbi — nose.

lo nazbi be do cu lenku — Your have a cold nose.

Related words: degji, panci, sumne, tance"

ne — which is about ... (a noun follows)

mi pu cusku no da ne le nabmi — I said nothing about the problem.

mi ne se mau do cu clani — I'm taller than you."

ne'a [preposition of place] — next to ..., beside ... (near)

mi ca zvati ne'a le tcana — I'm near the station."

ne'i [preposition of place] — inside of ..., adverb: within

lo vacri ca lenku ne'i lo zdani be mi — The air is cold inside my house.

xu do kakne lo ka viska ne'i lo manku — Can you see in the dark?"

nei [verb] — copies the current clause

mi lumci lo nei — I'm washing myself.

do zbasu no da lo se nei — You are making nothing out of nothing.

Comment: lo nei refers to the first place of the current clause, lo se nei to the second etc."

nejni — x_1(entity) is energy of x_{2(property of x3)} of object x_3(entity)

lo nejni — energy. lo se nejni — type of energy. lo te nejni — form of energy.

ba barda fa lo nejni be lo ka muvdu bei ti noi rokci — It will consume a lot of energy to move this rock.

Related words: marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla"

nelci — x_1(entity) likes x_2(clause)

lo nelci — fancier. lo se nelci — liked.

mi nelci lo ka kelci la tenis — I like playing tennis.

mi nelci ro nu do cusku lo simsa — I like whenever you say such things.

mi nelci lo ckafi ne se mau — I prefer coffee.

Comment: prami is for to love, nelci is for to like.

Related words: cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xebni, cuxna, pendo"

nenri — x_1(entity) is inside x_2(entity)

lo nenri — inner. lo se nenri — outer.

rau finpe cu nenri lo vi rirxe — There are plenty of fish in this river.

le ctuca pu klama lo nenri — The teacher came in.

mi pu punji fi lo nenri be lo lenku minji — I put it into the fridge.

Comment: se vasru is for containment that need not be total.

Related words: se vasru, jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, bartu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca"

ni [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

mi zenba lo ni sutra — My rapidity increases.

Comment: x₁ is the property showing the degree of the event described in the clause that follows."

ni'a [preposition of cardinal direction] — down from ..., adverb: under

gau ko stodi ni'a loi papri — Keep it under papers."

ni'i [preposition from nibli] — logically because ..., adverb: with logical implications

do srera fau lo ka pilno lo mi datni i ni'i bo u'u mi pu te mu'i nai smusku lo jitfa — You are wrong when using my data just because (sorry!) I unintentionally said a false thing."

ni'o [paragraph break] — starts a new topic

mi ze'u na tavla do ni'o ei mi ca cliva — I haven't talked to you in a long time. Well, now I should leave.

Comment: used to start paragraphs in written text."

ni'u [digit/number] — minus sign (number follows; by default any negative)

li ni'u ci du li re vu'u mu — '-3 = 2 - 5'."

nibli — x_{1(proposition)} implies x_{2(proposition)}

da zo'u lo ka djica da cu nibli lo ka claxu da — Wanting something implies lacking it.

lo ka frili na nibli lo ka xamgu — Being easy doesn't imply that it is good.

Related words: natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, ni'i, jalge, logji"

nicte — x_1(entity) happens during nighttime of day x_2(entity)

lo nicte — night-time.

nicte di'ai — Good night! (a well-wish)

ca lo nicte be lo cabdei mi ba zvati le boske — Tonight I will be in the forest.

Related words: donri, djedi, tcika"

nikle — x_1(entity) is a quantity of nickel

lo nikle — nickel.

lo nikle cu me lo jinme poi jdari gi'e se romge — Nickel is a hard metal with reflective surface.

Related words: jinme"

nilce — furniture x_1(entity) furnishes x_2(entity) serving the function x_{3(proposition)}

lo nilce — furniture.

lo za'u vi te gusni cu nilce le kumfa lo du'u ri jai zdile — These light sources furnishes the room making it amusing.

Related words: ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru"

nimre — x_1(entity) is a piece of citrus fruit of species x_2(taxon)

lo nimre — citrus.

ti noi nimre cu kukte gi'i kurki — Is this citrus sweet or bitter?

Related words: grute, slari, slami, xukmi"

ninmu — x_1(entity) is a woman

lo ninmu — woman.

pa melbi ninmu poi se kerfa lo pelxu pu cadzu bu'u le panka — A pretty woman with yellow hair was walking in the park.

Related words: nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli"

nirna — x_1(entity) is a nerve or neuron of x_2(entity)

lo nirna — nerve.

lo nirna be pa degji be mi cu spofu — Nerves in my finger don't work.

Related words: ve benji"

nitcu — x_1(entity) needs x_{2(clause, property of x1)} for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo nitcu — in need.

mi nitcu lo ka volta lo zdani vau lo ka cpacu lei ckiku — I need to return home to get the keys.

Comment: nitcu is to be in need, sarcu is is necessary, is a requirement

Related words: banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji"

nivji — x_1(entity) knits x_2(entity) from yarn x_3(entity)

lo te nivji — yarn for knitting.

le nixli cu nivji pa creka lo lanme sunla — The girl is knitting a sweater from fleece.

Related words: cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne"

nixli — x_1(entity) is a girl

lo nixli — girl.

le nixli cu cisma fa'a mi — The girl smiled at me.

Related words: nanla, verba, ninmu"

no [digit/number] — 0, zero

no bramlatu ca zvati le boske — There are no big cats in the forest."

no'a [verb] — copies the outer clause in which the current one is embedded excluding sei-clauses

xu la alis cu zukte lo se nupre be lo no'a — Does Alice keep her words?

mi gleki lo nu no'a — I'm happy because I'm happy."

no'e [left scaler] — middle on the scale. Modifies the construct to the right

le creka cu no'e cmalu — The shirt is medium in size.

mi no'e certu la lojban — I'm fine in Lojban, neither a newbie, nor an expert.

lo vacri ca no'e glare — It's neither cold, nor hot now, it's in between."

no'i [paragraph break] — resumes the previous topic

do zenba lo ka certu tu'a la lojban no'i mi jinvi lo du'u lo do jufra na mulno drani — You are becoming more and more proficient in Lojban. Back to the previous topic, I think your sentence wasn't fully correct."

no'o [digit/number] — typical/average value

mi se degji no'o da — I have a usual number of fingers."

nobli — x_1(entity) is noble in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo nobli — noble.

le nixli cu nobli lo ka tarti — The girl is aristocratic in her behavior.

mi nobli lo ka jbena ma kau — I am noble by birth.

Related words: banli"

noi — turn clause into incidental relative clause

mi nelci la jasmin noi mi ta'e zgana bu'u lo panka — I like Jasmine, whom I habitually see in the park.

mi nelci la jasmin — I like Jasmine.

mi tavla do noi mi prami ke'a — I'm talking to you whom I love.

Comment: who, which. Starts relative clause that only adds additional information."

nolraitru — x_1(entity) is a monarch (king or queen) of x_2(entity)

lo nolraitru — king, queen, monarch, regent.

xu do nolraitru le munje — Are you the king of the world?

Related words: turni, catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro"

notci — x_{1(entity, text)} is a notice about x_2(entity)

lo notci — message. lo se notci — subject of a message.

mi pu cusku fi lo jatna fe lu mi'a nu'o djuno li'u noi notci lo cipra — I made a statement to the boss about the experiment: "We don't know yet."

le turni ba cusku pa notci be lo cnino jikni — The governor will announce a new economic system.

Comment: skicu is to tell, cusku is to say, tavla is to talk, cusku lo notci is to notify.

Related words: xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji"

nu [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

mi gleki lo nu do klama — I am happy that you came.

lo nu prami cu nu gunka — Loving is working.

Comment: x_{1 (clause)} is the state, process described in the clause that follows."

nu bu — refers to the last nu-clause used

mi djica lo nu do kansa mi i xu nu bu cumki — I want you to accompany me. Is this possible?"

nu'e [vocative] — I promise, nu'e cu'i — No promises, nu'e nai — I take my promise back

mi ba no roi zukte lo simsa za'u re'u vau nu'e do — I will never do that again, I promise you.

nu'e cu'i do mi ba troci — I'll try, but I don't promise anything.

nu'e nai do i se la'u li du'e tilju — I take my promise back, it's too heavy."

nu'o [preposition of potential] — possibly can but actually not ...

mi nu'o zvati lo vu panka — I have never been to the park over there.

mi nu'o snada — I could succeed but never managed to do that.

Comment: not necessarily innately capable, describes what can potentially happen but actually hasn't (has happened zero times)."

nudle — x_1(entity) is a noodle

lo nudle — noodles.

mi pu citka lo stasu poi vasru lo nudle — I ate a soup with noodles.

mi pu citka lo nudle ca lo cabdei pa re'u — Today was the first time I ate noodles.

Related words: nanba, skori, gurni, panlo, toknu"

nukni — x_1(entity) has magenta color

lo nukni — magenta (color).

le flora cu nukni — The flower has a magenta color.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, zirpu"

nupre — x_1(entity) promises or threatens of x_{2(property of x1)} to x_3(entity)

lo se nupre — promised.

mi pu nupre fi la alis lo ka sidju ri va'o lo nu ri smaji — I made Alice a promise to help her on condition that she keeps silence.

Related words: kajde, xusra"

nurma — x_1(entity) is a countryside, rural area of x_2(entity)

lo nurma — countryside.

le nurma cu jai pluka — The countryside is pleasant.

Related words: jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange"

nutli — x_1(entity) is neutral in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo nutli — neutral.

la lojban cu nutli lo ka ma kau mapti ce'u lo ka traji fi lo kulnu — Lojban is neutral in terms of what culture matches it best.

Related words: midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce, no'e"

nuzba — x_{1(proposition)} is news about x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) to observer x_4(entity)

lo nuzba — news.

ma nuzba — What's up? What are the news?

no da nuzba fi mi fo do — No news from me for you.

lo nuzba be le tcini pu se terpa — News about the situation were frightening.

nuzba fa lo nu mi pu te vecnu pa fonxa — The news are that I bought a phone.

lo du'u no da nuzba cu xamgu nuzba — No news are good news.

Related words: cnino, notci"

ny [pronoun] — n (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like ny is for the last lo nobli used."

o [conjunction for nouns] — both or none

la alis o la kevin cu lumci lo kumfa — Either both Alice and Kevin clean a room or none.

Comment: describes event requiring both connected nouns to be true in respect to the clause.

Related words: jo, a, e, ji, o, u"

o bu [pronoun] — o (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like o bu is for the last lo omle used."

o nai [conjunction for nouns] — either ... or ...

do o nai mi lumci le kumfa — Either you clean the room or I do.

Related words: jo, a, e, ji, o, u"

o'a [interjection] — pride, o'a cu'i — modesty/humility, o'a nai — How embarrassing. It makes me ashamed.

o'a ca ti mi kakne lo ka limna — Now I am able to swim.

mi pu bilga o'a cu'i i fe bo mi sidju — It was just my duty, so I helped.

o'a nai la alis nu'o bredi — What a shame, Alice is not ready yet.

o'a nai se'i mi pu mrilu fi lo na drani — Oops, I mailed to a wrong address.

Related words: jgira, cumla, ckeji"

o'e [interjection] — intimacy, closeness, rapport, o'e nai — distance

o'e mi do ba kansa lo ka vitke lo mikce — I'll go with you to see the doctor.

o'e nai doi dirba mi na djuno — Dear, I don't know.

o'e nai mi pensi — Leave me alone, I'm thinking.

Related words: kansa"

o'i [interjection] — Whoa! (caution), o'i nai — rashness, recklessness

o'i lo karce ca crane — Be careful, a car ahead!

o'i nai gunta — Go ahead, attack!

Related words: kajde, ckape"

o'o [interjection] — Patience!, o'o cu'i — mere tolerance, o'o nai — impatience, intolerance

o'o ko za'u re'u troci — Patience, try again!

o'o cu'i ma pu mukti fi do — Ok, what was your motive to do it?

o'o nai lo mamta ca zvati ma — Where is the mother after all?

Related words: fengu, steba, denpa"

o'u [interjection] — Phew! (relaxation), o'u cu'i — composure, balance, sobriety, phlegm, o'u nai — stress, anxiety

o'u ba'o vlile tcima — Phew, the storm is over.

o'u cu'i mi pu tinbe lo se flalu — I followed the law.

o'u nai lo mi bersa za'o na volta — My son is still not back.

Related words: surla, dunku"

oi [interjection] — Darn! Ouch! Hmph (complaint), oi nai — pleasure

mi tuple oi — Ouch, my leg!

oi nai vifne djacu — Fresh water, how nice.

Related words: pante, pluka, kufra"

omle — x_1(entity) is an omelet containing x_2(entity)

lo omle — omelette, omelet.

mi ba citka lo omle be lo sovda jo'u lo tamca — I will eat an omelette made with eggs and tomatoes.

Comment: use ce to specify components of the omelette in x₂.

Related words: torta, sanmi, salta, nanba, sovda, ladru"

pa [digit/number] — 1, one

pa planeta cu xamgu loi remna — There is one planet for humans."

pa'a [preposition from panra] — otherwise equal to ..., adverb: similarly

le ninmu ne pa'a la alis cu se kanla lo crino — The woman is like Alice except that the woman has green eyes.

Comment: the clause itself describes the only difference between nouns compared."

pa'e [interjection] — Speaking impartially, pa'e nai — prejudice

pa'e le stasu cu xlali — In my unbiased opinion, the soup is terrible.

pa'e nai lo za'u vi pixra poi mi finti cu te rai xamgu — Of course, I'm biased, but my paintings are the best.

Related words: vrude, nutli, pajni"

pa'o [preposition of place] — passing through ...

ta'i da do pu pu'i limna pa'o le rirxe — Somehow, you were able to swim across the river."

pacna — x_1(entity) hopes for x_2(clause) estimating its likelihood as x_{3(number: from 0 to 1)}

lo se pacna — hope (expected event).

mi pacna fi li so'a fe lo nu solri ba zi — I hope it will be sunny soon.

mi pacna fi li so'u fe lo nu do klama — I wish you came.

Related words: djica"

pagbu — x_1(entity) is a part or piece of x_2(entity)

lo pagbu — part.

lo risna cu pagbu lo xadni — Heart is a part of body.

Related words: mulno, xadba, spisa, gunma, rafsi"

pagre — x_1(entity) penetrates barrier x_2(entity) to destination x_3(entity) from origin x_4(entity)

le trene mo'u pagre le manku kevna pa nurma lo jarbu — The train passed the dark hole to reach a rural area from the suburbs of the city.

Related words: bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, pluta, canko, ragve"

pai [digit/number] — number pi (approximately 3.14159)

li pai du li ji'i ci pi pa vo pa mu so — The number π (pi) is approximately 3.14159.

lo nenri be lo cirkulo be li re pi'i ry cu klani li pai pi'i ry te'o re — The area of a circle of diameter "2 × r" is equal to π × r²."

pajni — x_1(entity) judges matter x_{2(proposition)}

lo pajni — judge. lo se pajni — matter judged.

le te cange pu pajni lo du'u xu kau lo grute cu makcu — The farmer was deciding whether fruits were ripe.

Comment: pajni is for judging matters, jdice is for actual decisions, cuxna is for deciding (choosing) on something out of options.

Related words: cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, manri, mansa"

palci — x_1(entity) is immoral, evil by standard x_{2(proposition)}

lo palci — wicked, evil, immoral.

pu se palci do fa lo ka lebna lo jdini — It was wicked of you to take money.

Related words: zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla"

palku — x_1(entity) is a pair of pants or trousers

lo palku — trousers, pants.

xu do ca dasni lo palku — Are you wearing trousers?

Related words: taxfu, pastu, skaci"

palma — x_1(entity) is a palm tree of species x_2(taxon)

lo palma — palm tree.

mi pu cpare lo palma tricu — I climbed a palm tree.

Related words: tricu, kokso, grasu, narge"

palne — x_1(entity) is a tray or platter with contents x_2(entity)

lo palne — tray, platter.

ti palne lo palta jo'u lo kabri — This is a tray with plates and cups on it.

Related words: tansi, patxu, palta, ckana"

palpi — x_1(entity) touch-feels, palpates surface x_2(entity)

mi palpi lo sefta be lo najnimre i ri se sefta lo xutla — I can touch-feel the surface of an orange. It is soft.

Related words: pencu, sefta, ganse"

palta — x_1(entity) is a plate or saucer

lo palta — plate, saucer.

mi pu jai gau porpi fai lo palta — I broke a plate.

le palta co'a porpi — The plate got broken.

Comment: lo kabri is normally lifted when eaten from it, lo palta is not.

Related words: ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana"

pambe — x_1(entity) is a pump inserting fluid x_2(entity) to x_3(entity) from x_4(entity)

lo pambe — pump.

ti pambe lo vacri lo xislu lo bartu — This is a pump for filling up the air into wheels from the outside.

Related words: gapci, litki, rinci, fepri, risna, rinci, tutci"

panci — x_1(entity) is a smell emitted by x_2(entity) detected by observer x_3(entity)

lo panci — smell, fragrance.

mi sumne lo panci be lo najnimre i ri se panci lo flora — I can smell a scent of an orange. It has a scent of flowers.

mi te panci lo najnimre lo flora — I can smell an orange smelling of flowers.

le kumfa cu je'a se panci lo mabla — The room really stinks.

iu nai panci fa lo kalci — Yuck, it smells like shit.

Related words: nazbi, sumne, cpina, vrusi"

panje — x_1(entity) is some sponge

lo panje — sponge.

le panje cu cokcu lo so'i djacu — The sponge absorbs a lot of water.

Comment: cokcu is for a generalized absorbant.

Related words: cokcu"

panka — x_1(entity) is a park

lo panka — park.

mi nelci lo ka cadzu bu'u lo panka fau lo ka kansa loi pendo be mi — I like to walk in the parks with my friends.

Related words: sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi"

panlo — x_1(entity) is a slice of x_2(entity)

lo panlo — slice. lo se panlo — sliced.

ti panlo lo nanba — This is a slice of bread.

Related words: spisa, pagbu, nanba"

panpi — x_1(entity) is at peace with x_2(entity)

le mensi ca panpi lo bruna be vo'a — The sister is now at piece with her brother.

Related words: jamna, sarxe, smaji, tugni, cilce, jamna"

panra — x_1(entity) is parallel, similar to x_2(entity) differing only in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo panra — parallel, congruent. lo te panra — the only difference.

zo pacna zo kanpe cu panra lo ka valsi zo'ei lo nu djica — The word pacna is parallel to kanpe differing in that pacna describes desire and kanpe doesn't.

Comment: to describe the difference feature of x₂ use se panra to make it x₁.

Related words: pa'a, mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici"

pante — x_1(entity) protests or complains about x_2(clause) to x_3(entity)

lo pante — protester.

za'u pa gunka pu pante lo ka te pleji ma kau vau loi turni ta'i lo ka de'a gunka — Workers complained about their salary to the management by halting their work.

Related words: xarnu"

panzi — x_1(entity) is a child of x_2(entity)

lo panzi — offspring. lo se panzi — biological parent.

le nixli cu panzi la alis — The girl is Alice's child.

Related words: grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu"

papri — x_1(entity) is a page of book or document x_2(entity)

lo papri — page. lo se papri — paged document, paged book.

ko catlu ti noi papri lo cukta — Look at this page of the book.

Related words: karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska"

parbi — fraction x_1(number) is a ratio of x_2(entity) with respect to x_{3(same type as x2)}

lo parbi — fraction. lo se parbi — numerator. lo te parbi — denominator.

li re parbi li vo li re — 2 is the ratio of 4 with respect to 2.

lo cmalu cu parbi lo temci be lo cabna bei lo nu cliva vau lo temci be lo nu cliva bei lo nu volta — It's a small fraction of the time from now until leaving with respect to the time from leaving until returning.

Related words: frinu, dilcu, mekso"

parji — x_1(entity) is a parasite of x_2(entity)

lo parji — parasite.

lo vi curnu cu parji lo xarju — This worm is a parasite in pigs.

Related words: civla"

participe — x_1(entity) participates in the event x_{2(property of x1)}

lo participe — participant, character (in a story or play).

ma ba participe lo ka casnu — Who will participate in the discussion?

Related words: zvati, zukte, cmima, fasnu, cabna, vitke"

pastu — x_1(entity) is a robe

lo pastu — robe, gown.

do poi dasni ti noi pastu cu simlu lo ka citno nixli — In this dress, you look like a young girl.

Related words: kosta, taxfu, palku"

patfu — x_1(entity) is a father of x_2(entity)

lo patfu — father. lo se patfu — child of a father.

lo patfu be mi cu gunka bu'u la toki'os — My father works in Tokio.

Related words: mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, bersa, sovda"

patlu — x_1(entity) is a potato of species x_2(taxon)

lo patlu — potato.

au pei stasu lo patlu — Would you like potato soup?

Related words: genja, jalna, samcu"

patxu — x_1(entity) is a pot with contents x_2(entity)

lo patxu — pot, sink. lo se patxu — contents of a pot.

mi pu bevri pa patxu be lo djacu — I brought a pot of water.

Related words: tansi, palne, baktu, botpi"

pau [interjection] — optional question marker, pau nai — marks the question as a rhetorical one

pau do retsku lo se du'u ma krinu lo nu balvi vau ji lo nu pilno — You are asking of what is the reason for something happening in the future, and/or in usage. What is that reason, and is it for something happening in the future, a usage, or both?

lo prenu cu bebna ki'u ma pau nai — Why people are so stupid?

Comment: pau marks the question as non-rhetorical, in other words, the one that is expected to be answered. pau may be used for expressing symbol "¿" in Spanish.

Related words: retsku"

pe — that is about ... (a noun follows)

ti du lo karce pe la alis — This is a car of my friend.

lo mi pendo cu fenki i lo pendo pe mi cu fenki — My friend is crazy.

ti me lo karce pe mi — It's my own car.

Comment: lo mi pendo is the same as lo pendo pe mi."

pe'a — marks a construct as figurative, non-literal, metaphorical, pe'a nai — marks a construct as having literal meaning

lo ditcu cu jdini pe'a — Time is money.

le nanmu cu lanbi pe'a — He is a "sheep" (figuratively).

mi tavla xagji pe'a — I'm hungry for talking.

mi xagji pe'a nai — I'm literally hungry."

pe'i [interjection] — In my opinion. I think

pe'i do drani — I think you are right.

pe'i vamji fa lo nu retsku — I think it's worth asking.

Comment: for thinking (musing upon something) use pensi.

Related words: jinvi"

pe'u [vocative] — Please

ko zgana ti pe'u la alis — Look at this, please, Alice!

Comment: the same meaning as of e'o but a vocative, thus implies a noun after it."

pei [interjection suffix] — what is your attitude to it?, how do you feel about it? (asks for the attitude)

au pei mi kansa do — Do you want me to accompany you?

pei mi'o zvati lo te salci — What about going to the party?

Comment: can be used either on its own or as a modifier of interjection."

pelji — x_1(entity) is some paper

lo pelji — paper.

mi pu ciska pa xatra lo blabi pelji — I wrote a letter on a white paper.

Related words: karni, papri, prina"

pelmeni — x_1(entity) is a piece of dumplings/pelmeni containing x_2(entity)

lo pelmeni — dumplings, ravioli, pelmeni, dim sum (Hongkong/Xianggang cuisine).

xu do su'o roi smaka lo rusko pelmeni — Have you at least once tasted Russian pelmeni?

Comment: see nanba, rectu, sanmi.

Related words: rectu, nanba, cilmo"

pelxu — x_1(entity) is yellow

lo pelxu — yellow.

lo'e badna cu pelxu — A typical banana is yellow.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, narju, solji"

pemci — x_1(text) is a poem about x_2(entity)

lo pemci — poem. lo se pemci — subject of a poem.

mi finti lo pemci be lo vrici prenu — I create poems about different people.

Related words: prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga"

penbi — x_1(entity) is a pen using ink x_2(entity)

lo penbi — pen. lo se penbi — ink of a pen.

tu penbi lo blanu e nai lo xekri — That is a blue, not black pen.

Related words: ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu"

pencu — x_1(entity) touches x_2(entity)

lo se pencu — touched.

mi pu pencu lo vorme ta'i lo ka pilno pa canpa — I touched a worm with a spade.

Comment: for the touch feeling use palpi.

Related words: ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, satre, mosra, zgana"

pendo — x_1(entity) is a friend to x_2(entity)

lo pendo — friend.

xu la alis cu pendo do — Is Alice your friend?

Related words: bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi"

penmi — x_1(entity) encounters or meets x_2(entity)

lo se penmi — encountered.

mi mutce se pluka lo ka penmi do — I am pleased to meet you.

Related words: jorne, jikca, pencu"

pensi — x_1(entity) ponders, is pensive about x_{2(property of x1)}

lo pensi — thinker. lo se pensi — thought.

mi pensi lo nu mi pu zvati ma kau — I'm thinking of where I was.

mi pu pensi lo nu mi volta le zdani — I was thinking of returning back home.

Comment: jinvi - to have an opinion that..., jdice - to make a decision.

Related words: pe'i, jijnu, menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami"

perli — x_1(entity) is a pear of species x_2(taxon)

lo perli — pear.

mi binxo lo perli se ja'e lo nu mi citka lo perli — I become a pear because I eat pears.

Related words: grute"

permite — x_1(entity) allows, permits x_2(entity) to do x_{3(property of x2)}

lo permite — who allows. lo se permite — who has permission. lo te permite — what is allowed.

e'o do permite mi lo ka tcidu le cukta ba lo nu do mo'u tcidu ri — Please, allow me to read the book after you finish reading it.

le rirni pu permite le verba lo ka kelci bu'u le panka — The parent let the child play in the park.

Related words: curmi, rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre"

pesxu — x_1(entity) is jam, paste, dough

lo pesxu — paste.

au flaume pesxu — I'd like some plum jam.

Related words: marxa, kliti, tarla"

petso — x_1(entity) is 10¹⁵ of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo gusni cu petso lo mitre be li ji'i so pi mu lo ka muvdu ca ro nanca — 1 light-year is approximately 9.5 Petameters (Pm).

Related words: centi"

pezli — x_1(entity) is a leaf of plant x_2(entity)

lo pezli — leaf. lo se pezli — plant with leaves.

lo pezli be lo tricu co'a pelxu ca lo critu — Leaves of tress become yellow in the autumn.

Related words: tricu, papri, spati"

pi [digit/number] — radix point (number base; by default decimal)

lo vacri ca kelvo li ji'i re so ci pi mu — It's around 293.5 degrees Kelvin (20.5 degrees Celsius)."

pi'e [digit/number] — separates number into parts of different bases

ko tcidu lo te fendi poi pa pi'e ci mu moi — Read the section 1.35."

pi'i — multiplication operator (symbol × or ⋅ in math)

li re pi'i mu du li pa no — 2 × 5 = 10."

pi'u [conjunction] — forms Cartesian product of sets

lo mango o nai bo lo plise o nai bo lo perli pi'u lo xunre a bo lo pelxu cu vo mei — The cross product of mangoes, apples and pears that are either red or yellow has 6 members.

Comment: elements are combined by taking only one element from each set and all such possible combinations form a new set that is called Cartesian product."

picti — x_1(entity) is 10^-12 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo ratni be lo cidro cu picti lo mitre be li re mu lo ka klani ma kau — The atom of hydrogen is 25 picometers in size.

Related words: centi"

pijne — x_1(entity) is a pin for piercing x_2(entity)

lo pijne — pin. lo se pijne — pierced by a pin.

ko dunda fi mi fe pa pijne be lo pelji — Give me a pin for fastening paper.

Related words: jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci"

pikci — x_1(entity) pleads or begs x_2(entity) for x_{3(property of x2)}

la kevin pu pikci la alis lo ka stali — Kevin begged Alice to stay.

Related words: cpedu, pindi"

pikta — x_1(entity) is a ticket entitling x_2(entity) to x_{3(property of x2)}

lo pikta — ticket. lo se pikta — ticket holder.

mi pu te vecnu re pikta be lo verba bei lo ka klama la boston — I bought two child tickets to Boston.

Related words: jaspu"

pilda — x_1(entity) is pale

lo pilda — pale.

lo flira be do cu pilda i ma krinu — Your face is pale. What happened?

Related words: kandi, blabi, grusi"

pilji — x_1(number) is the product of x_2(number) multiplied by x_3(number)

lo pilji — product of multiplication.

li bi pilji li re li vo — 8 = 4 x 2.

Related words: mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge"

pilka — x_1(entity) is a crust, peel of x_2(entity)

lo pilka — crust, peel.

le najnimre co'u se pilka — The orange has been peeled off.

mi pu vimcu lo pilka be le plise — I peeled the apple off.

lo pilka be le plise cu cinla — The peel of the apple is thin.

Related words: grute, calku, skapi, gacri"

pilno — x_1(entity) uses x_2(entity) for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo pilno — user. lo se pilno — used.

le nixli pu pilno pa skami lo ka facki lo se nitcu — The girl used a computer to get the necessary information.

Related words: tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte, se pi'o, sazri, jibri"

pimlu — x_1(entity) is a feather of x_2(entity)

lo pimlu — feather. lo se pimlu — feathered.

ti pimlu lo cipni pe mi — This is a feather of my bird.

Related words: cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi"

pinca — x_1(entity) is urine of x_2(entity)

lo pinca — urine.

lo pinca be ko cu zvati lo patxu — Pee to the pot.

Related words: vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi"

pincivi — x_1(entity) pees, pisses, excretes urine, urinates x_2(entity)

lo se pincivi be ko cu zvati lo patxu — Pee to the pot.

gau lo betka ra pincivi lo xunre — Due to beetroots, he pissed red.

Related words: pinca, vikmi"

pindi — x_1(entity) is poor in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo pindi — poor.

le nakni cu pindi lo ka ponse no xirma — He is poor in that he doesn't own a horse.

Comment: x₂ specifies the actual state of affairs that describes why x₁ is considered poor.

Related words: ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci"

pinfu — x_1(entity) is a prisoner of x_2(entity) restrained by action x_{3(property of x2)}

lo pinfu — prisoner. lo te pinfu — means of imprisonment.

mi'a pu pinfu lo zdani be mi'a lo nu snime carvi — We became prisoners of our home due to the snowfall.

Related words: zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce"

pinka — x_{1(entity, text)} is a comment about x_2(entity)

lo pinka — comment, remark. lo se pinka — subject of a comment.

mi pu cusku fi loi rirni fe pa pinka be lo nu le nu klama lo bartu ca lo nu carvi pu se srera — I commented to the parents that going outside while it had been raining had been a mistake.

au nai mi cusku lo pinka — I have no comment.

le nakni pu cusku lo zabna pinka be le cukta — He made a nice comment about the book.

Related words: cusku, notci, jinvi, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska"

pinsi — x_1(entity) is a pencil with marking material x_2(entity)

lo pinsi — pencil, crayon.

ti pinsi lo xunre — This is a red pencil.

Related words: ciska, penbi, burcu, bakri"

pinta — x_1(entity) is level, horizontal in frame of reference x_2(entity)

lo pinta — horizontal.

lo nanmu pu ku pinta gi'e la'a sipna — The man was in horizontal position and was probably sleeping.

Related words: sraji, plita, xutla"

pinxe — x_1(entity) drinks x_2(entity) out of x_3(entity)

lo pinxe — drinker. lo se pinxe — something drunk, beverage.

mi pinxe lo tcati le kabri — I drink tea from the cup.

mi pu pinxe lo glare ckafi lo kabri — I drank a cup of hot coffee from a cup.

Related words: cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje"

pipno — x_1(entity) is a piano or other keyboard musical instrument

lo pipno — piano.

xu do zgipli lo pipno — Do you play the piano?

Related words: zgike"

pixra — x_1(entity) is a picture of x_2(entity) made by x_3(entity)

lo pixra — picture. lo se pixra — pictured.

ti pixra pa zbani mi poi pu zvati la nipon — This is a picture of the coast that I made when I was in Japan.

Related words: ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, skina"

plana — x_1(entity) is fat or obese in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo plana — fat, obese, swollen.

le nanla cu plana lo ka se betfu — The boy is fat with his belly.

Related words: cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu"

planeta — x_1(entity) is a planet

lo planeta — planet.

le terdi cu melbi planeta — The Earth is a beautiful planet.

Related words: lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje"

platu — x_1(entity) plans, designs plot x_{2(property of x1)} for purpose x_3(clause)

lo platu — planner. lo se platu — plan, planned. lo te platu — purpose of a plan.

mi platu lo ka klama la nipon vau lo ka surla — I'm planning to go to Japan to take rest.

Related words: cartu"

pleji — x_1(entity) pays x_{2(entity, property of x1)} to x_3(entity) for x_{4(entity, property of x1)}

lo pleji — payer. lo se pleji — payment. lo te pleji — payee. lo ve pleji — something paid for.

mi pu pleji lo se jerna lo bersa be mi lo ka sidju mi — I paid my son for what he earned for helping me.

Related words: canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma, cirko, dirba"

plibu — x_1(entity) is a pubic area of x_2(entity)

lo plibu — pubic area, external genitalia.

la edvard pu darxi lo plibu be mi se pi'o lo jamfu — Eduard hit my pubis with a foot.

Related words: seksi, gletu, nakpinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla"

plipe — x_1(entity) jumps to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) through route x_4(entity)

lo mlatu pu plipe lo bartu lo dertu lo galtu be le bitmu — The cat jumped to the outside from the ground over the fence.

Related words: bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti"

plise — x_1(entity) is an apple of species x_2(taxon)

lo plise — apple.

le za'u plise cu makcu — The apples are ripe.

Comment: lo plise poi grute is @@apple fruit, lo plise poi tricu is @@apple tree. plise alone can denote either of them.

Related words: grute, tricu"

plita — x_1(entity) is a geometrical plane defined by points x_{2(entity group)}

lo plita — plane (shape).

lo toldi poi cpare lo za'u flora pe le loldi co'a se plita lo melbi — Butterflies creeping along the flowers formed a beautiful flat shape.

Related words: xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, boxfo, pinta"

plixa — x_1(entity) ploughs x_2(entity) using x_3(entity)

lo plixa — plowman, ploughman. lo se plixa — ploughed, plowed. lo te plixa — plough, plow.

le te cange pu plixa lo dertu pa barda — The farmer ploughed the ground using a large plow.

Related words: kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro"

plixau — x_1(entity) is useful for user x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo plixau — useful.

lo ka tavla cu plixau do lo rinka be lo nu do certu la lojban — Talking would be useful for you in becoming an expert in Lojban.

Related words: pilno, xamgu, melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna"

pluja — x_1(entity) is complex in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo pluja — complex.

le tcini cu pluja lo ka se ciksi — The situation is hard to explain.

Related words: cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena"

pluka — x_{1(property of x2)} pleases x_2(entity) ; x₂ enjoys x₁

lo pluka — pleasant event. lo se pluka — pleased, glad.

mi se pluka lo ka limna lo xamsi — I enjoy swimming in the sea.

Related words: rigni, melbi, nelci, prami"

pluta — x_1(entity) is a route to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo pluta — route.

pluta lo aftobuso tcana ti fa lo nu klama lo zunle gi'e ba bo ze'a klama lo crane gi'e ba bo klama lo pritu — The route to the bus station from here is the following: you turn left, then go straight for a while, and then turn right.

Comment: for means to a goal lo se zukte is to be used.

Related words: litru, flu'ente, naxle, dargu, klaji, tcana, ve klama, tadji, zukte, klama, pagre"

po'e — that inalienably belongs to ... (a noun follows)

lo cidni po'e mi cu cortu — My knee aches.

Comment: po'e is used organs, limbs of body, for parental relationships. pe is a more generic particle."

po'o [interjection] — uniquely, only, solely (the only relevant case), po'o cu'i — for one (not excluding other), po'o nai — among others

i lo troci ku po'o snada i je ku'i lo troci po'o cu fliba — Only the one who tries, succeeds, and the one who only tries, fails.

po'o mi na kansa le fetsi — The only thing is, I'm not with her.

mi pu te vecnu lo jisra ku po'o — I bought only some juice.

mi na zanru lo ve sfasa noi po'o cu'i zekri — I don't approve of punishments which, for one, are a crime.

mi pu te vecnu lo titla ku po'o nai — I bought candies among other things.

Related words: pa mei, mulno, te panra"

poi — turn clause into relative clause

le nakni pu co'a speni lo ninmu poi pu se penmi bu'u lo zarci — He married a girl met in the store.

le nakni pu co'a speni lo ninmu — He married a girl.

Comment: that. Starts restrictive relative clause. Removing the relative clause with poi changes the meaning of the sentence."

polje — x_1(entity) folds x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo se polje — folded. lo te polje — fold, wrinkle, creae.

mi pu polje pa boxfo so'i da — I wrinkled the sheet of paper in several places.

Related words: korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna"

ponjo — x_1(entity) is Japanese in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ponjo — Japanese.

xu ti me lo noi misno vau ponjo finpe — Is this a famous Japanese fish?

Related words: xazdo, daplu, jungo, rusko"

ponse — x_1(entity) owns x_2(entity) under law x_{3(proposition)}

lo ponse — owner, proprietor. lo se ponse — possessed, property (possessed).

le prenu cu ponse pa karce lo zekri — The person owns the car illegally (not under official law).

Related words: ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, turni, zivle"

porpi — x_1(entity) breaks or shatters into pieces x_2(entity)

lo se porpi — piece of something broken.

le palta mo'u porpi so'i cmalu — The plate broke into many small pieces.

Related words: xrani, spofu, se katna"

porsi — x_1(entity) is a sequence ordered by rules x_{2(relation between members of x1, contains two places for ce'u)} on unordered x_{3(group of same type as x1)}

lo porsi — sequence.

li pa ce'o li re ce'o li ci cu porsi lo ka ce'u mleca ce'u vau lo namcu — 1, 2, 3 is a sequence of numbers where a number to the left is less than the number to the right.

mi pu ganse lo porsi be fi lo valsi po'o i je mi na pu jimpe lo smuni be le porsi — I could only see a sequence of words, the sequence the meaning of which I couldn't understand.

Related words: lidne, liste, cmima"

porto — x_1(entity) is Portuguese in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo porto — Portuguese.

le ninmu cu tavla fo lo porto — She speaks Portuguese.

Related words: brazo"

prali — x_{1(entity, property of x2)} is a profit or benefit to x_2(entity) resulting from x_{3(property of x2)}

lo prali — profit, benefit.

ma prali do lo ka tcidu lo se cukta poi vasru no pixra — What the use to you of reading a book that has no pictures?

Related words: vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle"

prami — x_1(entity) loves x_2(entity)

lo prami — lover. lo se prami — loved.

mi prami do — I love you.

Comment: prami is to love, nelci is to like.

Related words: cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni"

prane — x_1(entity) is perfect or ideal in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo prane — perfect.

xu mi na prane lo ka melbi — Am I not perfect in my beauty?

mi prane lo ka vitke lo rirni de'i ro li jy dy ze — I visit my parents every Sunday without fail.

Related words: manfo, curve, traji, cfila, mulno"

preja — x_1(entity) spreads over x_{2(property of x1)} from initial state x_{3(property of x1)}

lo se preja — area of expansion.

lo carvi pu fanta lo nu lo fagri cu preja lo boske le foldi — The rain kept the fire from spreading to the forest from the field.

Related words: tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, benji"

prenu — x_1(entity) is a person

lo prenu — person, people, folk.

xo prenu ca zvati lo bu'u kumfa — How many people are in this room now?

Comment: lo remna is human. In fairy tales and fantastic stories animals and alien beings from other planets can be called lo prenu - persons.

Related words: nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi"

preti — x_1(text) is a question about x_2(entity)

lo preti — question. lo se preti — subject of a question.

mi pu cusku lo preti noi du lu ma nuzba li'u — I asked a question, "What are the news?"

Related words: retsku, cusku, nabmi, danfu, ciksi, spuda, cpedu"

prije — x_1(entity) is wise about matter x_2(entity)

lo prije — wise, sage.

do pu ja'a sai prije lo ka skicu la'e di'u mi — It was really wise of you to tell me about it.

mi pu prije lo ka vecnu le karce — You were wise to sell the car.

Related words: bebna"

prina — x_1(entity) is a print on x_2(entity) made by x_3(entity)

lo prina — print. lo se prina — surface printed on. lo te prina — printer.

le minji na te prina lo pelji lo papri — The machine isn't printing the document on the paper.

Related words: cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, danre, barna"

pritu — x_1(entity) is to the right of x_2(entity) in frame of reference x_3(entity)

lo pritu — right (direction).

le nanmu cu pritu le dinju mi — The man is to the right of the house from my position.

Related words: ri'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle"

proga — x_1(entity) is a computer program for doing x_2(clause)

lo proga — computer program.

mi mo'u finti lo proga be lo nu zmiku satre lo mlatu — I have written a computer program for giving cats strokes automatically.

Related words: sampla, skami, jai gau farvi, finti, ciska, pensi, mlatu"

prosa — x_1(text) is prose about x_{2(entity) (entity) (entity)}

lo prosa — prose, prosaic text.

ti cukta lo prosa be lo za'u kulnu — This book contains prose about cultures.

Related words: cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti"

protoni — x_1(entity) is a proton

lo protoni — proton.

lo protoni cu kantu — Proton is an elementary particle.

Related words: kantu"

pruce — x_1(clause) is a process with input x_2(entity) and output x_3(entity) via stages x_{4(entity ordered group)}

lo pruce — process. lo se pruce — process input. lo te pruce — process output. lo ve pruce — stage of a process.

lo nu zbasu lo nanba cu pruce lo purmo jo'u lo djacu jo'u lo sovda lo nanba lo nu mixre vo'e vau ce'o lo nu jukpa — Making bread is a process with ingredients flour, water and eggs where one mixes them and then cooks.

Related words: farvi, tadji, grute, tcini"

prulamdei — x_1(clause) is yesterday, the day before the day x_2(clause)

lo prulamdei — yesterday, the day before.

pu carvi ca lo prulamdei — It rained yesterday.

mi pu penmi le nakni ca lo prulamdei be lo nu le kani cu cliva — I met him the day before he left.

Related words: djedi, cabdei, bavlamdei, cedra, ditcu"

pruni — x_1(entity) is elastic

lo pruni — elastic, spring (elastic).

le bolci cu plipe ki'u lo ka pruni — The ball bounces because it is elastic.

Related words: ckabu, tcena"

pruxi — x_1(entity) is a ghost

lo pruxi — ghostly, spiritual, ethereal.

xu do terpa tu'a lo pruxi — Are you afraid of ghosts?

Related words: censa, lijda, mucti, xadni"

pu [preposition of tense] — before ... (in time), adverb: in past (expresses past tense)

mi pu na viska le mlatu — I didn't see the cat."

pu'i [preposition of potential] — possibly can and at least once actually is or does ...

xu do pu'i viska lo fange ke vofli dacti — Have you ever seen an unidentified flying object?

mi djuno i ki'u bo mi pu'i tavla la alis — I know, since I've talked to Alice in my life.

Comment: describes what can potentially happen and has already happened at least once."

pu'o [preposition of aspect] — to be about to do or be ... (prospective aspect)

mi pu'o citka lo rectu — I'm about to eat meat."

pulce — x_1(entity) is dust

lo pulce — dust.

lo pulce pu gacri le loldi — Dust covered the floor.

lo pulce brife cu muvdu ti — A dust storm is coming.

le dargu cu pulce culno — The road is dusty.

Related words: te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu"

pulji — x_1(entity) is a police officer enforcing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo pulji — police officer.

le prenu cu pulji lo nu lo klaji cu smaji — The person is a police officer enforcing silence in the street.

Related words: catni, sonci, flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati"

pulni — x_1(entity) is a pulley used for x_{2(property of x1)} rotating on x_3(entity)

lo pulni — pulley. lo te pulni — axle of a pulley.

ti pulni lo nu cpacu lo djacu le jinto vau lo mudri — This is a wooden pulley to lift water from the well.

Related words: tutci, xislu, vraga"

punji — x_1(entity) places, puts x_{2(entity, property of x3)} at x_{3(entity, property of x2)}

lo se punji — placed.

le skina pu punji mi lo ka gleki cinmo — The movie put me in a happy mood.

Related words: cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca"

punli — x_1(entity) is a swelling, clump on x_2(entity)

lo punli — swelling, clump, swollen.

pu snime punli le dargu — It was a clump of snow on the road.

da punli lo stedu be mi — I have a swelling on my head.

Related words: balji, cmana, plana"

purci — x_1(clause) is earlier than or in the past of x_2(clause)

lo purci — earlier event, past event. lo se purci — later event, future event.

lo nu la kevin cu cliva pu purci lo nu mi tsuku lo xotli — Kevin left earlier than I arrived at the hotel.

Related words: lidne, balvi, cabna, farna"

purdi — x_1(entity) is a garden or field of family or gardener x_2(entity) growing crops x_3(entity)

lo purdi — garden. lo se purdi — gardener. lo te purdi — crops of a garden.

ti purdi loi rirni be mi lo vrici — This is my parents' garden where different crops are grown.

Related words: foldi, cange, panka"

purmo — x_1(entity) is some powder of x_2(entity)

lo purmo — powder.

ti purmo lo gurni — This is flour.

Related words: pulce, zalvi"

py [pronoun] — p (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like py is for the last lo papri used."

ra [pronoun] — a recent completed noun

la alis pu tsuku lo zarci gi'e te vecnu lo plise i ba bo ra klama lo zdani — Alice entered a store and bought apples. Then she went home."

ra'e [digit/number] — infinite number of the same digit follows

li pa fi'u ci du li pi ra'e ci — "1/3 equals 0.(3)""

ra'i [preposition from krasi] — from source, origin, starting point ...

mi pu ganse lo pluka panci pe ra'i le purdi — I felt a pleasant smell from the garden."

ra'o [interjection] — updates meaning from the viewpoint of the current speaker

mi se pluka lo ka penmi do i go'i ra'o — I am pleased to meet you. - Me too."

ra'oi — quotes one next word and treats it as a rafsi. The quoted word must be delimited by pauses (in speech) or whitespace (in writing)

ra'oi kla rafsi zo klama — kla is an affix from the full verb klama.

Comment: rafsi sometimes can be not legal words on their own so to quote them ra'oi is useful.

Related words: ma'oi, zoi"

ra'u [interjection] — primarily, mainly (in importance), ra'u cu'i — equally (in importance), ra'u nai — incidentally (low in importance)

ra'u ko tolxanka denpa — Above all, be patient.

ei mi gunka i je ra'u cu'i ei mi surla — I need to work. But with equal importance I need to relax.

ra'u nai mi na se spaji — Incidentally, I'm not surprised.

Related words: ralju, vajni"

racli — x_1(entity) is rational or sane

lo racli — rational event, sane event.

racli fau da'i — That would make sense.

racli fa lo nu do pu cuxna lo ka tavla bau la lojban — It's rational that you chose to talk in Lojban.

Related words: fenki"

ractu — x_1(entity) is a rabbit of species x_2(taxon)

lo ractu — rabbit.

lo ractu zi co'a se panzi — Rabbits breed quickly.

Related words: mabru, kerlo"

radno — x_1(entity) is x_{2(number: by default 1)} radians

ti noi jganu cu radno li pa — This angle subtends one radian.

Related words: jganu, centi"

rafsi — x_1(text) is an affix for word x_2(text)

lo rafsi — affix. lo se rafsi — word with affixes.

ra'oi gau rafsi zo gasnu — 'gau' is a rafsi of the verb gasnu.

Related words: valsi, lujvo, pagbu"

ragve — x_1(entity) is across boundary x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

pa cribe cu ragve le rirxe mi — A bear is across the river from me.

Related words: dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, pagre"

rai [preposition from traji] — with the most one being ...

mi nelci lo jbari ne rai lo fragari — I like berries with strawberries being my favorite ones.

Comment: x₁ of the clause describes the most one in the comparison described by clause itself. The noun after rai describes those among which the selection is done."

raktu — x_1(entity) disturbs person x_2(entity)

lo se raktu — disturbed.

ko ko na raktu ta'i lo ka cusku lo simsa — Don't trouble yourself saying such things.

do raktu mi ja'e lo nu mi de'a tadni la lojban — You disturb me making me not learning Lojban.

Related words: dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka, nabmi"

ralci — x_1(entity) is delicate, fragile in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ralci — fragile.

ti noi flora cu ralci lo ka se tarmi — This flower has a delicate form.

Related words: jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte"

ralju — x_1(entity) is principal or chief among x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo ralju — principal, chief.

la alis cu ralju lo nixli lo ka cuxna — Alice is the main decision maker among the girls.

Related words: vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju"

ralte — x_1(entity) keeps or retains x_{2(entity, property of x1)}

lo ralte — keeper. lo se ralte — kept.

ralte lo ka catke le karce — He keeps pushing the car.

mi ralte re mlatu — I keep two cats.

Related words: cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, permite"

rango — x_1(entity) is a bodily organ of x_2(entity) performing function x_{3(property of nonce place)}

lo rango — bodily organ. lo te rango — function of a bodily organ.

lo risna cu sluji rango fi lo ka pambe lo ciblu vi'u lo xadni — The heart is the muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

ti rango lo insekto lo ka tirna — This is an organ of insects performing the function of listening.

Related words: besna, livga"

ranji — x_1(entity) persists, continues over time interval or place x_2(entity)

lo ranji — persistant.

lo gusni be fi le bombila cu ranji le nicte — The light bulb continued burning through the night.

lo djacu pu ranji lo barda canlu — The water continuously covered a large space.

Related words: temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena"

ranmi — x_1(entity) is a myth about x_2(entity)

lo ranmi — myth.

mi pu tirna lo simsa ranmi be pa cevni — I heard a similar myth about a god.

Related words: lijda, lisri, crida"

ransu — x_1(entity) is a quantity of bronze

lo ransu — bronze.

lo ransu cu gunma lo tunka joi tinci — Bronze is composed of copper and tin.

ti noi vi'u pixra cu ransu — The statue is made of bronze.

Comment: lo ransu is an alloy made of copper and tin.

Related words: jinme, tunka, lastu"

ranti — x_1(entity) is soft to force x_2(clause)

lo ranti — soft.

le pesxu cu ranti lo danre — The dough is soft when being pressurized.

Related words: ralci, jdari, lakse, tolpro, gradu"

ranxi — x_1(entity) is ironic, contrary to expectation x_{2(property of x1)} in aspect x_{3(property of x1)}

lo ranxi — ironic, contrary to expectation.

zo co'oi poi do pu cusku cu ranxi lo ka se smuni zo coi vau lo ka se smuni zo co'o — Chao that you said was ironic in that instead of meaning "Hi!" it actually meant "Bye!"

le te ranxi cu du lo nu mi na merko — The irony is that I'm not an American."

rapli — x_1(entity) occurs, repeats x_2(number) times

lo rapli — repeating event.

mi pu cusku zo coi le fetsi fi'o se rapli li ci i mi pu ci roi cusku zo coi le fetsi — I said "Hello!" to her three times.

lo pruce cu rapli li mu — The process occurs for the fifth time.

Related words: roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, pilji, volta"

rarna — x_1(entity) is spontaneous or natural

lo rarna — spontaneous.

ti noi cripu cu rarna — This bridge is a natural formation.

Related words: rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati"

ratcu — x_1(entity) is a rat of species x_2(taxon)

lo ratcu — rat.

le ratcu co'i canci — The rat disappeared.

Related words: smacu"

ratni — x_1(entity) is an atom of element x_2(number) of isotope number or weight x_{3(entity, number)}

lo ratni — atom. lo se ratni — atomic number. lo te ratni — isotope number.

lo'e tabno cu ratni li xa li pa re — Carbon is a chemical element number 6 and usually has the isotope number 12.

Comment: kantu is for a basic unit of a property or activity, selci is for a basic physical subunit, generally of a mass.

Related words: kantu, selci"

rau [digit/number] — enough

rau stizu cu zvati — There are enough chairs.

le sakta cu me'i rau mei — The sugar is not enough.

Comment: subjective estimate."

re [digit/number] — 2, two

re cribe ca cpana lo bisli — There are two bears on the ice."

re'e [interjection suffix] — religious/worship/supernatural attribute, re'e cu'i — secular attribute, re'e nai — sacrilegious attribute

ko na cliva mi doi crida iu re'e — Don't leave me, oh my beloved fairy!

do io nai re'e nai se lijda lo mabla — Yay, you built a temple (well, no religious feelings here)!

ui re'e cu'i do'o pu zbasu lo malsi — You belong to a shitty religion, no respect to you in this!

Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.

Related words: lijda"

re'i [vocative] — ready to receive. Listening! (in radio communications), re'i nai — not ready to receive

lu ju'i li'u lu re'i do li'u — "Hey!" - "Yes?"

lu ju'i li'u lu re'i nai li'u — "Hey!" - "Wait a bit…""

re'o [preposition of place] — adjacent to ..., touching ..., contacting ...

lo nobli pu zutse re'o lo jubme — The sir was sitting touching the wall."

re'u [preposition] — turn number into adverb (or preposition) showing for which time it happens

mi pu ci re'u penmi la alis — I met Alice for the third time.

mi zvati ti za'u re'u — I'm here again.

Comment: event happens for the (n) time. The number (n) is put in front of re'u."

rebla — x_1(entity) is a tail of x_2(entity)

lo rebla — tail. lo se rebla — tailed.

ta noi gerku cu se rebla lo tordu — That dog has a short tail.

Related words: nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca"

rectu — x_1(entity) is some meat from x_2(entity)

lo rectu — meat.

ti rectu lo bakni — This is beef.

Related words: sluji"

remna — x_1(entity) is a human

lo remna — human.

xu lo remna ku po'o ka'e cmila — Can only humans laugh?

Related words: nanmu, ninmu, prenu"

renro — x_1(entity) throws or launches x_2(entity) to or at x_3(entity)

lo se renro — thrown.

pa nanla pu renro pa rokci le canko — A boy threw a stone at the window.

Comment: cecla is a more general term.

Related words: cecla, danti"

renvi — x_1(entity) survives or endures x_2(clause)

lo renvi — survivor. lo se renvi — age.

mi mo'u renvi le xlali tcini — I survived that terrible situation.

Related words: ranji, kuspe, fapro, lifri, stali, temci"

respa — x_1(entity) is a reptile of species x_2(taxon)

lo respa — reptile.

lo respa cu xabju le korbi be le rirxe — Reptiles inhabit the coast of the river.

Related words: danlu, banfi, since"

retsku — x_1(entity) makes a question x2 x_2(text) to x_3(entity)

lo retsku — asker. lo se retsku — question.

le nixli pu retsku fi lo pulji fe lu ta'i ma klama la palma noi xotli li'u — The girl asked a police officer "How does one get to Palm hotel?"

Comment: alternatively one can say cusku lo preti - ask a question.

Related words: cusku, preti, spusku, pinka, spuda, bacru, tavla, casnu, cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra"

ri [pronoun] — refers to the immediately previous lo-noun that is completed

ta me lo cinri cukta i au mi te vecnu ri — That is an interesting book. I'd like to buy it.

Comment: ri cannot refer to the noun in which it is located (and thus, which is not yet finished before ri is used)."

ri'a [preposition from rinka] — because of the cause ...

ri'a lo ka kucli vau lo mlatu co'a morsi — Cat died because of being curious (curiosity killed the cat)."

ri'e [interjection suffix] — expressing release of attitude, ri'e nai — expressing restraint of attitude

oi ri'e mi cirko lo mi ckiku — Ah, I lost my keys.

oi ri'e nai cortu — Mmm, it hurts.

Related words: rinju"

ri'i [preposition from lifri] — experienced by..., happening to...

ri'i mi pu farlu — I experienced falling down.

Comment: patient case tag."

ri'u [preposition of cardinal direction] — to the right of ..., adverb: rightwards

pa nanmu cu sanli ri'u do — There is a man standing to the right of you."

ricfu — x_1(entity) is rich in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ricfu — rich, wealthy.

xu do ricfu lo ka ponse lo tumla — Are you rich in how much land you own?

Comment: x₂ specifies the actual state of affairs that describes why x₁ is considered rich.

Related words: solji, banzu, zildukse, pindi"

rigni — x_1(entity) is disgusting to x_2(entity)

lo rigni — disgusting.

le cidja cu rigni mi — The food is disgusting to me.

Related words: djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, pluka"

rijno — x_1(entity) is a quantity of silver

lo rijno — silver.

le sicni cu rijno — The coin is silver.

Related words: solji"

rilti — x_1(entity) is a rhythm, rhythmical pattern of x_2(entity)

lo rilti — rhythm. lo se rilti — having a rhythm.

lo rilti be le pu se sanga be le nakni cu simsa lo'u la la cu cu la la le'u — The rhythm of the phrase said by him was similar to la la tcu tcu la la.

Related words: damri, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, dikni, sanga, morna"

rimni — x_1(text) rhymes with x_2(text) in language x_3(entity) with correspondence x_{4(property of x1 and x2)}

lo rimni — having a rhyme. lo se rimni — rhyming with something.

zo kansa rimni zo dansu la lojban lo ka ci lamji lerfu be ce'u cu simxu lo ka mintu — kansa rhymes with dansu in Lojban in that three adjacent letters in each of those words are the same.

Related words: pemci, sanga"

rinci — liquid x_1(entity) drains or flushes from x_2(entity) through drain x_3(entity) by force x_4(entity)

lo rinci — draining liquid. lo te rinci — drain, strainer, colander.

lo djacu cu rinci pa tubnu za'u pa kevna lo danre — Water drains from a tube through holes being under pressure.

Related words: pambe, tisna, setca, flu'ente, muvdu, ganxo, rirxe"

rinju — x_1(entity) is restrained by x_2(entity) against x_{3(property of x1)}

lo rinju — restrained. lo se rinju — restraining.

lo carmi flu'ente be lo le tcadu pu se rinju mi lo ka tsuku le briju — Intense traffic prevented me from getting to the office.

Related words: zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, permite, kluza, tagji"

rinka — x_1(clause) causes effect x_2(clause)

lo rinka — cause. lo se rinka — effect.

lo nu ctuca cu rinka lo nu farvi — Education is the agent of progress.

Related words: gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, ri'a, mukti, ciksi, volta"

rinsa — x_1(entity) greets, welcomes x_2(entity)

mi pu rinsa la alis ta'i lo ka jai gau slilu fai lo xance be mi — I greeted Alice by waving my hand.

Related words: tolrinsa, a'oi, coi, co'o, fi'i"

rirci — x_1(entity) is rare, not usual in x_{2(property of x1)} among x_3(entity)

lo rirci — rare.

le fetsi cu rirci lo ka carmi gunka vau lo tadni poi dunli vo'a lo ka jai nanca — She works hard which is unusual among students of her age.

mi pu rirci fi lo pendo be mi fe lo ka se cinri lo fasnu e nai lo farna — I was rare among my friends in being interested in events and not trends.

Related words: cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu, cnano"

rirni — x_1(entity) rears x_2(entity) ; x₁ is a parent of x₂

lo rirni — parent (rearer).

la edvard cu rirni la alis — Edward is a parent of Alice.

Related words: rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, famti, verba, bersa"

rirxe — x_1(entity) is a river of land mass x_2(entity) draining watershed x_3(entity)

lo rirxe — river. lo te rirxe — watershed of a river.

ti rirxe pa sudga tumla lo vifne poi flu'ente lo xamsi lo krasi pe lo cmana lo condi — This is a river in a dry land running its fresh waters in a deep river bed towards the sea from springheads in the mountains.

Related words: flu'ente, naxle, senta, daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci"

rismi — x_1(entity) is some rice of species x_2(taxon)

lo rismi — rice.

mi citka lo rismi su'o roi ro djedi — I eat rice every day.

Related words: gurni"

risna — x_1(entity) is a heart of x_2(entity)

lo risna — heart.

mi pu ganse lo nu lo rinsa be mi cu sutra slilu — I felt my heart beating fast.

Related words: pambe, ciblu"

ritli — x_{1(property of x3)} is a ceremony, rite for purpose x_{2(property of x3)} in community x_3(entity)

lo ritli — ceremony, rite.

lo ka pinxe lo tcati su'o roi ro djedi vau fi mi'a ritli lo ka tavla zu'ai — To drink tea is our ritual that we perform every day in order to talk to each other.

Related words: lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, clite, junri"

rivbi — x_1(entity) avoids or escapes fate x_{2(entity, property of x1)} through action x_{3(property of x1)}

lo se rivbi — avoided event.

mi pu rivbi lo ka bilma vau lo ka zenba lo ka citka vau gi'e jinru lo glare djacu — I avoided becoming ill by eating more and plunging into hot water.

le prenu pu rivbi loi pulji — The person evaded the police.

Comment: bandu - to defend (not necessarily successful), fanta - to prevent, se jersi - to be chased.

Related words: sisku, kalte, fapro"

ro [digit/number] — each, all

ro lo mi pendo cu cusku lo se du'u mi simlu lo ka tatpi — All of my friends say that I look tired."

ro'a [interjection suffix] — interacting socially (communication, customs), ro'a cu'i — not focused towards interacting socially, ro'a nai — focused away from interacting socially

oi ro'a ca ti mi se cfipu — Awkward. I'm confused.

ui ro'a cu'i mi cikre lo mi skami — I'm just puttering here by myself, fixing my computer.

ui nai ro'a no da zvati ti — I feel so lonely, nobody is here.

Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.

Related words: jikca"

ro'e [interjection suffix] — thinking/intellectual aspect, ro'e cu'i — not focused towards contemplating, ro'e nai — mindless action

ui ro'e mi morji — Yay, I remember!

a'i ro'e cu'i mi ba zukte — I will do it not putting much intellectual effort.

do marvele iu ro'e nai — There is no logic in it, you are just wonderful.

Comment: used without an interjection to indicate focus of the speaker.

Related words: menli"

ro'i [interjection suffix] — emotionally, ro'i cu'i — non-emotionally, ro'i nai — denying emotions

ui ro'i sai mi'a jinga — I'm just overwhelmed with emotions, we won!!

do mo ro'i — How do you feel?

ui ro'i cu'i mi kanro — Feelings apart, I'm healthy.

ui ro'i nai do snada — No rejoicing from me, you won.

Related words: cinmo"

ro'o [interjection suffix] — being restricted to physical body, ro'o cu'i — not oriented towards physical experience, ro'o nai — denying physical experience

oi nai ro'o kukte — Yum, yum, it's tasty.

ii ro'o cu'i ka'e kargu — I'm afraid it can be expensive.

ii ro'o nai mi na drani punji le tanxe — No, not that it requires physical work, but I'm afraid I might not put the box correctly.

Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.

Related words: xadni"

ro'u [interjection suffix] — sexually, ro'u nai — sexual abstinence

iu ro'u doi nanla — Boy, you are hot, I love you.

do melbi iu ro'o cu'i — You are pretty, not that I love you in sexual sense.

do mi kansa ui ro'u nai doi pendo — Yay, you are with me, my buddy.

Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.

Related words: seksi"

roi [preposition] — turn number into adverb (or preposition) showing for how many times it happens

mi pu re roi penmi la alis — I met Alice twice, two times.

Comment: event happens (n) times. The number (n) is put in front of roi."

rokci — x_1(entity) is a rock

lo rokci — rock, stone.

le nanla ca'o renro lo za'u rokci — The boy is throwing stones.

Related words: kunra, jemna, canre"

romge — x_1(entity) is a highly reflective surface of metal x_2(entity)

pa verba ne se pi'o lo degji pu pencu lo romge be le karce — A child touched the reflecting surface of the car with his finger.

Related words: jinme"

ropno — x_1(entity) is European in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ropno — European.

ti noi nanla cu ropno lo ka tavla tai ma kau — This boy is European in how he speaks."

rorci — x_1(entity) procreates x_2(entity) with coparent x_3(entity)

lo rorci — parent (procreator), procreator.

le ranmi danlu cu se rorci pa remna pa bakni — The mythical animal was procreated by a human and a bull.

Related words: grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, patfu, tarbi, bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda"

rotsu — x_1(entity) is thick in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)}

lo rotsu — thick.

le dargu cu rotsu lo ka se pagbu ti — The road is thick here.

Comment: the third largest dimension. ganra, rotsu and clani specify the three dimensions of objects.

Related words: barda, cinla, ganra, clani, condi, plana, gutci, minli"

rozgu — x_1(entity) a rose of species x_2(taxon)

lo rozgu — rose (plant).

pluka panci lo rozgu pe le purdi — Roses in the garden have a pleasant scent.

Related words: spati, xunre"

ru'a [interjection] — I postulate, I presume

ru'a mi milxe lo ka bilma — I presume, I am a bit ill.

Related words: sruma"

ru'e [right scaler] — week intensity

mi na ru'e se slabu do — I hardly know you.

ui ru'e do snada — Yay, you won."

ru'i [preposition of aspect] — continuously (protractive aspect), ru'i nai — intermittently

mi pu ru'i citka lo mango — I ate apples on and on.

pu ru'i gusni — The light was glowing.

pu ru'i nai gusni — The light was flashing."

ru'u [preposition of cardinal direction] — surrounding ..., adverb: around

lo megdo be lo toldi ca'o dansu ru'u mi — A million of butterflies are dancing around me."

ruble — x_1(entity) is weak, frail in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo ruble — weak, frail.

le laldo prenu cu ruble lo ka pinxe si'u nai — The old man is weak in being able to drink himself.

Related words: carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe"

rufsu — x_1(entity) is rough in texture

lo rufsu — rough (in texture).

le skapi cu rufsu — The skin is rough.

Related words: xutla, tengu, vitci"

runme — x_1(entity) melts

lo runme — melting.

le bisli ca'o runme — The ice is melting.

Related words: dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli"

runta — x_1(entity) dissolves in x_2(entity) making solution x_3(entity)

lo runta — dissolving. lo te runta — solution (mixture).

e'o te runta fi lo kunra — Mineral water, please.

le jisra cu te runta lo sakta jo'u lo jbari lo djacu — The juice is made of sugar and berries dissolved in water.

Related words: litki, mixre, sligu, sudga"

rupnu — x_1(entity) costs x_2(number) major money units in monetary system x_3(entity)

lo rupnu — measured in dollars / roubles / euro / yuan. lo se rupnu — money units (dollars / roubles / euro / yuan).

ti noi jisra cu rupnu li ci la e'uropas — This juice costs three euros (European major money units).

Related words: jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu"

rusko — x_1(entity) is Russian in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo rusko — Russian.

xu do tavla fo lo rusko — Do you speak Russian?"

rutni — x_1(entity) is artificially made by people x_2(entity)

lo rutni — artificial.

ti noi jemna cu rutni lo patfu be mi — This gem is artificial and made by my father.

Related words: rarna, se zbasu, arte, larcu, gundi, slasi"

rutpapaia — x_1(entity) is a papaya fruit of variety x_2(taxon)

lo rutpapaia — papaya.

lo makcu rutpapaia cu se panci lo rigni — Ripe papaya smells disgusting.

Related words: grute"

ry [pronoun] — r (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like ry is for the last lo rirxe used."

sa — sa [word] erases text to the left until "[word]" is found.

doi la alis ko klama ti sa doi la kevin ko klama ti — Alice, come here! No, ... Kevin, come here!"

sa'ai [middle separator] — See le'ai — ends a construct started with: lo'ai

Comment: See le'ai."

sa'e [interjection] — precisely speaking, sa'e nai — loosely speaking

mi ca zvati lo centero be le tcadu — To be precise, I'm in the center of the city.

lo arxokuna cu mabru sa'e nai — Raccoons are mammals, roughly speaking.

Related words: satci, jibni"

sa'u [interjection] — simply, sa'u nai — elaborating

mi lo zabna pu se funca sa'u — I was just lucky.

do zukte ma — What are you doing?

mi ca tcidu sa'u — I'm just reading.

do tcidu ma sa'u nai dai — What are you reading, please, elaborate.

sa'u nai mi pu penmi lo ninmu noi mi pu tadni ka'ai ke'a — To add details, I met a woman who I had studied with.

Related words: sampu, pluja"

sabji — x_1(entity) provides x_{2(entity, property of x3)} to x_3(entity)

lo sabji — provider. lo se sabji — provided.

lo bakni cu sabji lo ladru mi'a — Cows provide us with milk.

mi ba sabji fi do fe ro se nitcu be do — I will provide you with everything you need.

ko sabji lo ciblu mi — Be my blood donor!

Related words: krasi, sorcu"

sabnu — x_1(entity) is a cabin of vehicle x_2(entity)

lo sabnu — cabin of a vehicle. lo se sabnu — vehicle with a cabin.

ra pu zutse lo sabnu be le blanu karce — He was sitting in the cabin of the blue car.

Related words: bloti, marce, vinji, karce"

sacki — x_1(entity) is a match, device to make fire

lo sacki — match (lighter).

ko jai gau jelca fai pa sacki — Light up a match.

Related words: fagri, jelca"

saclu — x_1(text) is the decimal equivalent of fraction x_2(number) in base x_3(number)

me'o re pi mu saclu li mu fe'i re li pa no — 2.5 is the decimal equivalent of the fraction 5/2 in base 10.

lo saclu be li pai bei li pa no cu cimni lo ka clani — The decimal expansion of the number π (pi) is infinitely long.

Related words: namcu, frinu"

sai [right scaler] — strong intensity

ui sai do snada — Yay, you won!"

sakci — x_1(entity) sucks, inhales x_2(entity) into x_3(entity)

lo se sakci — sucked, inhaled.

le prenu pu sakci lo danmo pe ra'i le fagri lo fepni — He inhaled some smoke from the fire into his lungs.

Related words: cokcu, lacpu, flu'ente"

sakli — x_1(entity) slides or glides on x_2(entity)

pa se esporte pu sakli lo bisli — A sportsperson was gliding on the ice.

o'i le loldi cu se sakli — Warning! The floor is slippery.

Related words: mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla"

sakta — x_1(entity) is sugar

lo sakta — sugar.

mi djica tu'a lo tcati be se cau lo sakta — I want some tea without sugar.

Related words: silna, titla"

salci — x_1(entity) celebrates x_2(clause) by doing x_{3(property of x1)}

lo se salci — event celebrated.

mi pu salci lo nu mi jai nanca li pa no vau lo ka litru la nipon — I celebrated my 10th birthday by travelling to Japan.

Related words: sinma, jbena"

salpo — x_1(entity) is sloped with angle x_2(entity)

lo salpo — sloped.

ti salpo lo jganu be fi lo pinta — This is a slope towards the horizontal surface.

Related words: kurfa, tutci"

salta — x_1(entity) is a salad with ingredients x_2(entity)

lo salta — salad. lo se salta — ingredient of a salad.

mi nelci lo salta be lo grute — I like fruit salads.

Related words: mixre, stasu"

samcu — x_1(entity) is a cassava or yam of species x_2(taxon)

lo samcu — cassava, yam.

xu do pu'i citka lo torta be lo samcu — Have you ever eaten a cassava cake?

Related words: patlu, genja, jalna"

sampla — x_1(entity) makes computer program x_2(entity)

lo sampla — programmer. lo se sampla — computer program.

mi sampla lo cmalu bau la xaskel — I write small programs in Haskell.

Related words: proga, skami, jai gau farvi, finti, ciska, pensi, mlatu"

sampu — x_1(entity) is simple in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo sampu — simple.

ti noi skami cu sampu lo ka se pilno — This computer is easy to use.

la alis na sampu lo ka te jimpe — Alice is not easy to understand.

Related words: pluja, curve, frili, manfo"

sance — x_1(sound) is sound produced by x_2(entity)

lo sance — sound. lo se sance — producer of a sound.

le janbe pu se sance lo cladu — The bell had a loud sound.

zo oi pu sance le bruna — oi was the sound the brother emitted.

Related words: savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka"

sanga — x_1(entity) sings x_{2(sound, text)} to x_3(entity)

lo sanga — singer. lo se sanga — song, sung.

mi pu ciska lo valsi e lo zgike vu'o pe lo se sanga — I wrote down words and melody of a song.

le nixli ca'o sanga la'e lu mi prami do li'u — The girl is singing the song "I love you".

mi pu troci lo ka sanga zo ui — I tried to sing ui.

Comment: songs can consist of lyrics and melody. x₂ describes either a part of it or the whole song.

Related words: pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu"

sanji — x_1(entity) is aware or conscious of x_2(entity)

lo sanji — aware, conscious.

mi sanji lo ka pu srera — I am aware that I made a mistake.

a'o le nakni cu sanji lo se cinmo be mi — I hope he is aware of my feelings.

Related words: menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna"

sanli — x_1(entity) stands on x_2(entity) supported by x_3(entity)

ra pu sanli lo canre lo jamfu — He was standing on the sand on his feet.

Related words: kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji"

sanmi — x_1(entity) is a meal including x_2(entity)

lo sanmi — meal. lo se sanmi — dish of a meal.

mi pu citka pa sutra sanmi be lo sovda jo'u lo ckafi — I had a quick meal of eggs and coffee.

Comment: the same as gunma but applied to food. One can eat both a lo se sanmi (part of meal) or lo sanmi (the whole meal).

Related words: barja, stasu, gusta, sanso"

sanso — x_1(entity) is a sauce for use with x_2(entity) containing x_3(entity)

lo sanso — sauce, gravy.

mi nelci lo sanso be lo nudle bei lo tamca — I like tomato sauce in noodles.

Related words: sanmi, mixre, stasu"

santa — x_1(entity) is an umbrella

lo santa — umbrella.

mi pu kanpe tu'a lo carvi gi'e jgari pa santa — I was expecting rain and took an umbrella.

Related words: carvi, solri"

sarcu — x_1(clause) is necessary for x_2(clause) to take place

lo sarcu — necessary condition, condition (necessary, requirement).

lo ka sipna cu sarcu lo ka kanro — To sleep is a requirement of being healthy.

Comment: nitcu is to be in need, sarcu is is necessary, is a requirement

Related words: sau, nitcu"

sarji — x_1(entity) supports, holds up x_2(entity) against x_3(entity)

lo sarji — supporter. lo se sarji — supported.

ko sarji mi lo nu mi badri — Support me against my boredom.

Related words: bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu"

sarlu — x_1(entity) is a spiral or helix

lo sarlu — helix, spiral.

lo calku be ti noi luska cu sarlu — The shell of this mollusk is spiral in form.

Related words: korcu, tarmi"

sarxe — x_1(entity) is harmonious or in agreement with x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2, contains two places for ce'u)}

lo sarxe — harmonious.

lo za'u vi prenu cu sarxe lo rarna lo ka ce'u jikca ce'u — These people are in harmony with nature in interacting with each other.

Related words: satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, ckini"

saske — x_1(entity) is a lore, mass of facts about x_{2(proposition)} based on methodology x_3(clause)

lo saske — science, lore. lo se saske — subject of a science. lo te saske — methodology of a science.

mi tadni lo saske be lo du'u mikce — I study the medical science.

lo cmaci cu saske lo du'u lo namcu cu simxu lo ka ckini vau lo nu lanli le namcu — Mathematic is a science of how numbers are related to each other based on their analysis.

Related words: datni, fatci, djuno, cipra, pensi, jimpe"

satci — x_1(entity) is exact in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo satci — exact.

ta satci lo ka jai se djica mi — That is exactly what I want.

lo jubme cu satci lo ka mitre li re lo ka clani — The table is exactly two meters long.

Related words: sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu"

satre — x_1(entity) strokes x_2(entity) with x_3(entity)

lo se satre — stroked.

la kevin pu satre pa mlatu lo xance — Kevin stroke a cat with a hand.

Related words: mosra, pencu"

sau [preposition from sarcu] — requiring ...

do ba nenri sau lo nu do cusku lo ckiku valsi — You enter with the requirement of saying a password."

savru — x_1(entity) is a noise to x_2(entity) perceived via x_{3(property of x2)}

lo savru — noise.

da savru bu'u le kumfa — The room is noisy.

lo vi ru'i nai gusni se la'u li du'e savru mi lo ka se viska — These flashes are too noisy.

Comment: noise can refer not only to sound but to any "noisy", i.e. irritating or chaotic objects.

Related words: sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu"

sazri — x_1(entity) operates machine x_2(entity) with goal x_{3(property of x1)}

lo sazri — driver, operator. lo se sazri — driven, operated.

pa pendo be mi pu sazri lo minji lo ka kakpa lo dertu — My friend operated the machine to dig ground.

Related words: gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, gunka"

se [place converter] — switches 1st and 2nd places of verb

mi se slabu le nanmu i va'i le nanmu cu slabu mi — I am familiar with the man."

se ba'i [preposition from se basti] — being a replacement of ..., adverb: instead

se ba'i ku mi pu citka lo torta — Instead, I ate a cake.

mi ne se ba'i do pu zukte — I did it instead of you."

se cau [preposition from se claxu] — lacking ...

lo mi pendo jo'u mi pu tsuku lo cizra stuzi se cau lo ka sanji lo du'u ka'e ckape — My friend and I arrived at a strange place lacking the awareness that it can be dangerous."

se du'u [clause prefix] — turn clause into quote

mi pu cusku fi la edvard fe lo se du'u lo mi karce cu spofu — I told Eduard that my car is broken.

Comment: x_1(text) is the sentence expressing the clause x_{2 (clause)}. Used for reported speech."

se ja'e [preposition from se jalge] — resulting from ...

se ja'e lo nu mi pu cinmo lo mabla vau mi pu gunka no da — Because of my bad mood I didn't work."

se ji'u [preposition from se jicmu] — given that ..., based on ...

ma pemci se ji'u le se sanga — What is the lyrics of the song?"

se ka'a [preposition from se klama] — going to ...

mi pu cadzu se ka'a le rirxe — I walked to the river.

Comment: in the clause where seka'a is used x₁ is the one who goes."

se la'u [preposition] — to the degree of ... (number follows)

le prenu cu clani se la'u li so'i — The person is very tall.

lo nu cuxna se la'u li du'e nandu — It's too hard to choose.

ti se la'u li so'o boske — This is jungle, not a real forest.

se la'u li so'i le dinju cu banli — To a large degree the building is great.

Comment: shows the degree in which the verb is true."

se mau [preposition from se zmadu] — more than ...

nelci do fa mi ne se mau la alis — I like you more than Alice likes you.

mi nelci do ne se mau la alis — I like you more than Alice.

Comment: the clause itself describes the comparison."

se me'a [preposition from se mleca] — less than ...

nelci do fa mi ne se me'a la alis — I like you less than Alice likes you.

Comment: the clause itself describes the comparison."

se ni'i [preposition from se nibli] — adverb: logically therefore

ro gerku cu danlu i se ni'i nai bo ro danlu cu gerku — All dogs are animals. However, it doesn't follow from that that all animals are dogs.

mi pu na zvati le tcadu i se ni'i bo na ka'e ku mi penmi la kevin — I wasn't in the city so I couldn't meet Kevin."

se pi'o [preposition from se pilno] — with ..., using ...

mi citka se pi'o lo forca i mi pe se pi'o lo forca cu citka — I eat with a fork.

Comment: in the clause where se pi'o is used x₁ is user."

se rai [preposition from se traji] — being most in ...

mi ro roi jinga se rai lo ka clani — I always win being the tallest one.

Comment: x₁ of the clause corresponds to the most one in comparison specified after se rai."

se va'u [preposition from xamgu] — for ..., for the benefit of ...

Comment: xau is preferred to this preposition."

se xau [preposition from xamgu] — thanks to ..., due to ..., benefiting from ...

mi co'a ricfu se xau lo ka carmi gunka — I became rich thanks to my hard work."

se'a [interjection suffix] — self-sufficiency, se'a nai — dependency

fa se'a le verba pu kelci — The child played by himself.

fa se'a nai le cifnu cu cadzu — The infant walks but not by himself.

Related words: lacri"

se'i [interjection suffix] — interjection is self-oriented, se'i nai — interjection is oriented towards others

oi se'i mi pu srera — Oh, I made a mistake.

oi se'i nai da spofu botpi bu'u lo loldi — Someone would be discontented, there is a broken bottle on the floor.

Related words: drata"

se'o [interjection] — I know from a dream, vision, or personal revelation

se'o do ba snada — I have a feeling you will succeed.

Comment: za'a is for expressing external experience, se'o is for expressing internal experience.

Related words: senva"

se'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: sei"

sefta — x_1(entity) is a surface of object x_2(entity)

lo sefta — surface.

lo sefta be le najnimre cu xutla — The orange has a soft surface.

Related words: crane, flira, plita, bliku"

sei — turn verb into interjection

sei mi morji do sampla — As I remember, you are a programmer.

sei mi bebna le zarci cu se stuzi lo drata — Silly me, the store is in another place.

Comment: ends in a selbri (main verb)."

seksi — x_1(entity) in activity or state x_{2(property of x1)} exhibits biological or social sexuality x_{3(property of x1)}

lo seksi — sexy. lo se seksi — sexual activity. lo te seksi — social gender, biological gender.

ti noi finpe ca seksi lo ka punji lo sovda vau lo ka fetsi — This fish demonstrates its female sexuality by laying eggs.

do seksi lo ka se asna vau lo ka ninmu — You took a sexy feminine pose.

le tigni cu seksi lo ka dasni pa tordu skaci vau lo ka ninmu — The actor shows her female sexuality by wearing a short skirt.

Related words: gletu, nakpinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi"

selbri — x_{1(property of nonce place, has places for ce'u referring to x3)} is the main verb of the clause x_2(text) that has places x_{3(ordered entity group)}

lo selbri — main verb of a clause. lo se selbri — grammatical clause. lo te selbri — place of a grammatical clause.

lo ka dunda vau selbri lu mi dunda ti do li'u mi ce'o ti ce'o do — "Give" is the main verb of the clause "I give this to you" that has sequential places "I","this","you".

Comment: the same as se bridi. May contain place converters of verb words, be. Examples of lo selbri are: prami, mutce se nelci be mi.

Related words: sumti, fancu"

selbrivla — x_1(text) is a morphologically defined predicate word, verb word

lo selbrivla — verb word.

zo mlatu selbrivla — mlatu is a selbrivla.

Related words: lujvo, gismu, zi'evla, cmavo"

selci — x_1(entity) is a cell, atom, basic subunit of body x_2(entity)

lo selci — indivisible, cell, atom, basic subunit.

mu'o nai ro selci be lo xadni cu cmima pa lo so'i klesi — Furthermore, each cell in the body belongs to one out of many classes.

Comment: kantu allows to express properties of particles.

Related words: kantu, ratni, gradu"

selfu — x_1(entity) serves x_2(entity) with service x_{3(property of x1)}

lo selfu — servant. lo se selfu — master. lo te selfu — service.

le gerku cu selfu mi lo ka bevri lo cutci — The dog serves me by bringing shoes.

Related words: sidju, sarji, gunka"

1. N/A

senci — x_1(entity) sneezes

gau ko ganlo fa lo moklu be do ca lo nu do senci gi'a kafke — Cover your mouth when you sneeze or cough.

Related words: bilma, kafke"

senpi — x_1(entity) doubts that x_{2(proposition)} is true

lo senpi — irresolute.

mi senpi lo du'u ba carvi — I doubt if it will rain.

lo jalge ca'o se senpi — The result is still in doubt.

Related words: jinvi, krici, djuno, birti"

senta — x_1(entity) is a layer of material x_2(entity) within structure x_3(entity)

lo senta — layer.

ti senta lo spati lo cmana jo'u lo vacri — This is a layer of plants between the mountain and the air.

Related words: flu'ente, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, bitmu, sruri, skalera"

senva — x_1(entity) dreams about x_2(clause)

lo senva — dreamer. lo se senva — dream.

mi senva lo nu mi vofli ne'i lo dilnu — I dream about flying in the clouds.

mi senva tu'a lo sance be lo carvi — I dream the sound of rain.

Related words: sipna, xanri"

sepli — x_1(entity) is separate from x_2(entity), separated by x_3(entity)

lo sepli — separate, alone.

zo i te sepli lo jufra lo jufra — i separates sentence from sentence.

lo briju pe mi cu sepli lo zdani be mi zo'ei ze'a lo cacra — My office is one hour away from my home.

lo xamsi ti ma sepli — What is the distance to the sea?

Related words: bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, jinsa, bitmu, marbi"

setca — x_1(entity) inserts or puts x_2(entity) into x_3(entity)

lo se setca — inserted.

le mikce cu setca pa jesni pa birka be la alis se gau lo nu le xukmi cu muvdu lo ciblu — The doctor inserted the needle into Alice's arm so that the chemical got into the blood.

Related words: rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu"

sevzi — x_1(entity) is a self of x_{2(entity: by default x1)}

mi lumci lo sevzi — I wash myself.

Comment: sevzi is usually used in lujvo. Outside lujvo lo nei is usually used instead.

Related words: mi, prenu, menli, jgira"

sfani — x_1(entity) is a fly of species x_2(taxon)

lo sfani — fly (insect).

xu lo vi sfani cu ckape — Are these flies dangerous?

Related words: cinki, bifce"

sfasa — x_1(entity) punishes x_2(entity) for x_{3(property of x2)} with punishment x_{4(property of x1)}

lo se sfasa — punished. lo te sfasa — reason for punishment. lo ve sfasa — punishment.

le rirni pu sfasa le verba lo ka jai gau spofu fai lo palta vau lo ka na permite vo'e lo ka kelci bu'u lo zdani — The parent punished the child for breaking the plate by not allowing playing at home.

Related words: cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga"

sfofa — x_1(entity) is a sofa

lo sfofa — sofa.

au mi te vecnu lo pa sfofa — I would like to buy a sofa.

Related words: nilce"

sfubu — x_1(entity) dives or swoops to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity)

lo sfubu — diver.

mi pu sfubu lo lenku djacu lo korbi be lo lalxu — I dived to the cold water from the shore of the lake.

Related words: farlu"

si — erases one last Lojban word. non-Lojban text is treated as one word

au mi citka lo kokso si perli — I'd like to eat a coconut, no, pear!

mi pu cusku zoi gy.hello, friends!.gy. si zoi gy.hello, kids!.gy. — I said "Hello, friends!", ehm, no, "Hello, kids!""

si'a [interjection] — similarly, si'a nai — not similarly

mi si'a pu vitke le tcadu i sa'u go'i ca lo drata nanca — I also visited the city (just in another year).

mi nelci lo finpe si'a nai — But i like fish.

Comment: ji'a means additionally, si'a means similarly implying that there is another salient difference.

Related words: simsa, panra"

si'au [interjection] — It seems

si'au le fetsi cu xebni do — It seems, she hates you.

si'au le ctuca pu co'u pacna — It seems, the teacher was disappointed."

si'e [verb] — turn number into verb denoting portion

lo stati cu kakne lo ka zukte lo zabna i ku'i lo stati cu mo'a si'e lo se gugde — Smart people can do nice things. But they represent a too small fraction of citizens.

lo pi mu si'e be le plise cu fusra — Half of the apple is rotten.

Comment: x_1(entity) is the n-th portion of mass x_2(entity). The number (n) is put in front of si'e, pi mu here would mean 0.5, i.e. half."

si'o [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

mi nelci lo si'o xunre — I like the color red.

Comment: x_{1 (clause)} is a concept described in the clause that follows."

si'u [preposition from sidju] — with the help of ...

le verba ca kakne lo ka cadzu vau si'u lo rirni — The child is able to walk now with the help of parents.

Comment: in the clause where si'u is used x₁ is the one being helped, the help itself is described by the clause."

si'u nai [preposition from na sidju] — without help, adverb: oneself

mi kakne lo ka punji si'u nai — I can put it myself."

siclu — x_1(entity) whistles sound x_{2(sound, text)}

lo se siclu — whistled.

le nakni pu ca'o siclu lo cladu — He was whistling something loud.

Related words: sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, savru"

sicni — x_1(entity) is a coin

lo sicni — coin.

ti me lo sicni poi jdini loi fraso turni — This is a coin issued by French government.

mi pu cpacu ci lo sicni poi rupnu li pa — I got three coins one dollar each in value.

Related words: fepni, jdini, rupnu"

sidbo — x_{1(proposition)} is an idea about x_2(entity) by thinker x_3(entity)

lo sidbo — idea.

mi pu na te sidbo do lo ni ka'e xendo mi — I had no idea of how kind to me you can be.

Related words: ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, si'o"

sidju — x_1(entity) helps x_2(entity) do x_{3(property of x2)}

lo sidju — helper.

pei e'o do sidju mi lo ka tadni lo cmaci — Could you help me in studying math?

Related words: si'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu"

sigja — x_1(entity) is a cigar or cigarette

lo sigja — cigar, cigarette.

xu le smani ca'o damva'u lo sigja — Is the monkey smoking a cigarette?

Related words: danmo, jelca, tanko, marna"

silka — x_1(entity) is a silk produced by x_2(entity)

lo silka — silk.

i la alis pu dasni pa silka pastu — Alice was wearing a silk dress.

lo silka be lo ankabuta ka'e tsali — Spider's silk can be durable.

Related words: curnu, bukpu, cilta"

silna — x_1(entity) is some salt, NaCl

lo silna — salt.

e'o ko te cpacu lo silna mi — Please, pass me the salt.

lo silna be lo sodna cu cidja — A salt of Sodium is a food.

Related words: sakta"

simlu — x_1(entity) seems to have x_{2(property of x1)} to observer x_3(entity)

mi te simlu fi do fe lo ka se la'u li du'e tadni — It seems to me that you are studying too hard.

le nu troci pu simlu lo ka na sarcu — The attempt seemed to be unnecessary.

Related words: catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco"

simsa — x_1(entity) is similar to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)}

lo simsa — similar.

lo skapi be le ninmu pu simsa lo snime lo ni blabi — Her skin was white as snow.

mi simsa lo'e cipni lo ka zifre — I am free as a bird.

do simsa fi so'i da fe lo mi mensi — You are a lot like my sister.

lo mi pendo mi simsa lo ka xabju ma kau i lo mi pendo mi jibni lo ka xabju ma kau — My friend and I live in similar apartments. My friend and I live nearby.

Comment: jibni is used when the difference is something generally measurable, whereas simsa is about difference in quality.

Related words: dunli, frica, mintu, panra, simlu, vrici"

simxu — x_{1(entity group)} mutually do x_{2(relation between members of x1, contains two places for ce'u)}

lo se simxu — done mutually.

do jo'u mi simxu lo ka prami — You and I love each other.

Related words: kampu, mintu"

since — x_1(entity) is a snake of species x_2(taxon)

lo since — snake.

ko na terpa lo since — Don't be afraid of snakes.

Related words: curnu, danlu, respa, vindu"

sinma — x_1(entity) respects x_2(entity)

lo se sinma — respected, venerated.

no prije cu se sinma lo se gugde be lo gugde be vo'a — No wise man is respected by inhabitants of his own country.

Related words: banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, salci, jgira"

sinso — x_1(number) is the trigonometric sine of angle x_2(number)

lo sinso — sine.

li no sinso lo radno be li pai — 0 is the sine of "pi" radians.

Related words: tanjo"

sinxa — x_{1(entity, text)} is a sign meaning x_{2(property of x3)} to observer x_3(entity)

lo sinxa — sign. lo se sinxa — meaning of a sign.

fi lo karce e lo cadzu fa lo xunre gusni cu sinxa lo sarcu be lo ka co'u muvdu — For cars and pedestrians red light is a sign that they should stop.

Related words: lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni"

sipna — x_1(entity) is asleep, sleeps

lo sipna — asleep.

le verba ca'o sipna — The child is sleeping.

Related words: senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji"

sirji — x_1(entity) is straight or direct between x_2(entity)

lo sirji — straight, direct (straight).

le dargu cu sirji lo snanu jo'u lo berti — The road goes straight from the south to the north.

Related words: korcu, linji, kuspe"

sisku — x_1(entity) searches for x_{2(property of x3)} among x_3(entity)

mi sisku lo ka te ciska vau lo nenri be le nilce — I'm searching in the furniture for something that one can write on.

Related words: mitysisku, tolcri, facki, snada, fliba"

sisti — x_1(entity) ceases or stops x_{2(property of x1)}

lo se sisti — ceased, stopped.

ko sisti lo ka bebna tavla — Stop babbling!

Related words: fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba"

sitna — x_1(entity) quotes or cites source x_2(entity) for statement x_{3(proposition)}

lo se sitna — quoted source.

lu le mamta nu'o tsuku le zdani li'u fi mi te sitna la alis — "Mother is not yet at home", I quoted Alice.

Related words: krasi"

sivni — x_1(entity) is private, personal to x_2(entity)

lo sivni — private.

lo tadji be lo nu zbasu lo poi tai kukte vau stasu cu sivni mi — How to make such a tasty soup is a secret to me.

Related words: gubni, mipri"

skaci — x_1(entity) is a skirt

lo skaci — skirt.

mi pu te vecnu pa tordu skaci — I bought a short skirt.

Related words: taxfu, palku"

skalera — x_1(entity) are stairs with steps x_2(entity)

lo skalera — stairway, stairs. lo se skalera — step of stairs.

ti skalera lo ci jarki — These are stairs with three narrow steps.

Related words: stapa, loldi, senta"

skami — x_1(entity) is a computer

lo skami — computer.

lo skami pe mi cu spofu — My computer is broken.

Related words: kancu, minji, pensi"

skapi — x_1(entity) is a skin, leather, bark from x_2(entity)

lo skapi — skin, leather, bark (of tree).

lo skapi be lo cnebo be mi cu xunre — The skin on my neck is red.

Comment: pilka is a more general term.

Related words: pilka, calku, kerfa"

skari — x_1(entity) is of colour x_2(entity) as perceived by observer x_3(entity)

lo skari — coloured, colored. lo se skari — colour, color.

le dacti cu skari lo xunre — It is colored red.

le flora cu skari lo tsani mi — To me the flower has the color of the sky.

Comment: x₂ is the prototype having the color, e.g. lo tsani (sky) or lo xunre (red)

Related words: blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, blabi"

skicu — x_1(entity) tells about, describes x_2(entity) to x_3(entity) with description x_{4(proposition)}

lo skicu — describer. lo se skicu — described, told about. lo ve skicu — description.

le gidva pu skicu fi mi'a fe lo nu mi'a cliva ca lo lerci vau lo nu lo aftobuso pu'o tsuku — The guide explained to us that we would leave later in that the bus hadn't yet arrived.

mi pu skicu pa cinri lisri pa panzi be mi — I told an interesting story to my child.

Comment: skicu is to tell, cusku is to say, tavla is to talk, cusku lo notci is to notify.

Related words: lisri, tavla"

skiji — x_1(entity) is a skate or ski for surface x_2(entity) of sled x_3(entity)

lo skiji — skate, ski, runner on a sled. lo te skiji — sled, ski kit.

ai mi se marce lo skiji be lo djacu — I am going to water ski.

ei mi cikre lo skiji be lo djacu bei ti — I should repair runners of this water sled.

Comment: sometimes lo te skiji (ski kit) consists of lo skiji (runners) only.

Related words: sakli, marce, cutci"

skina — x_1(entity) is a video clip, movie about x_2(entity)

lo skina — movie, film, video clip. lo se skina — plot of a movie.

mi pu zgana pa skina be lo crida — I watched a movie about magical beings.

Comment: can be applied to streaming video.

Related words: tivni, vidni, pixra, finti"

skori — x_1(entity) is rope of filaments or material x_2(entity)

lo skori — rope, cable. lo se skori — filament of a rope, filament of a cable.

ti skori bi da — This cable consists of 8 filaments.

ta skori lo jinme — That is a metal cable.

Comment: describes the object as consisting of more than one filament unlike cilta.

Related words: cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, li'anzi"

skuro — x_1(entity) is a groove in x_2(entity)

lo skuro — groove, trench. lo se skuro — grooved surface.

le skuro be lo dertu cu ganra — The trench in the ground is wide.

Related words: plixa"

slabu — x_1(entity) is familiar to observer x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

mi na se slabu la kevin — I'm not familiar with Kevin.

la alis cu slabu mi lo ka jukpa lo kukte torta — Alice is familiar to me in cooking tasty cakes.

Related words: fange, clani, citno, cnino, se djuno"

slaka — x_1(text) is a syllable in language x_2(entity)

lo slaka — syllable.

zoi zoi.sla.zoi slaka la lojban — "sla" is a syllable in Lojban.

Related words: sance, valsi, bangu"

slaka bu [pronoun] — , (comma)"

slami — x_1(entity) is a quantity of acid

lo slami — acid.

lo slami pu jai rinka lo nu lo xance be mi cu cortu — The acid made my hand hurt.

Related words: slari, nimre"

slanu — x_1(entity) is a cylinder

lo slanu — cylinder.

mi zgana lo nu lo karce pe mi zi'e pe lo xa mei slanu cu zmadu lo laldo karce pe mi lo ka vlipa vau lo mutce — I notice that my 6-cylinder car is much more powerful than my old car.

Related words: kamju, gunro"

slari — x_1(entity) is sour to x_2(entity)

lo slari — sour.

i lo limxone cu slari so'e remna — Lemon is sour to most people.

le ladru cu sutra lo ka slari — The milk turns sour fast.

Related words: slami, titla, kurki, nimre"

slasi — x_1(entity) is some plastic

lo slasi — plastic.

ti noi dakli cu slasi — This bag is plastic.

Related words: rutni, boxfo, bukpu"

sligu — x_1(entity) is solid

lo sligu — solid.

le ladru mo'u dunja gi'e ca sligu — The milk froze and is now solid.

Related words: runta, litki, gapci, jdari, dunja, pulce, jduli"

slilu — x_1(entity) oscillates with period x_2(entity) through states x_3(clause)

lo slilu — oscillating. lo se slilu — period of oscillation.

le gerku pu jersi le jatna fau lo ka jai gau slilu lo rebla be vo'a — The dog followed the master, wagging its tail.

pa bombila pu slilu lo snidu lo ka te gusni lo xunre ce'o lo blanu — A light bulb was flickering every second changing from red to blue light.

le re nanla pu slilu fi lo ka bajra se ka'a ce'o te ka'a — The two boys were running to and fro.

Related words: dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna"

sliri — x_1(entity) is a quantity of sulfur

lo sliri — sulphur.

lo sliri cu se pilno fi lo ka zbasu lo sacki — Sulfur is used for making matches.

Related words: xukmi, panci, pelxu"

sluji — x_1(entity) is a muscle controlling body part x_2(entity)

lo sluji — muscle.

ko palpi lo sluji be lo birka be mi — Touch and feel the muscle of my arm.

Related words: rectu, xadni, zajba"

sluni — x_1(entity) is an onion of species x_2(taxon)

lo sluni — onion.

ai mi co'e lo tamca jo'u lo sluni — I'm going to have a tomato and an onion.

ti noi stasu cu se vrusi lo sluni — This soup tastes of onions.

Related words: stagi"

smacu — x_1(entity) is a mouse of species x_2(taxon)

lo smacu — mouse.

pa mlatu mo'u kavbu pa smacu — A cat has caught a mouse.

Related words: ratcu"

smadi — x_1(entity) guesses, conjectures x_{2(proposition)} is true about x_3(entity)

lo se smadi — guess (hypothesis).

mi na birti lo se smadi be mi bei lo tcima — I'm not sure in my guess about the weather.

mi smadi lo nu mi'o ba bai ze'u cadzu — I guess you and I will have to walk for long time.

Related words: djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma"

smaji — x_1(entity) is quiet at observation point x_2(entity)

lo smaji — silent.

do e'o smaji — Please, be quiet.

le xamsi cu simlu lo ka smaji ti — The sea looks quiet in sound from here.

Related words: kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna"

smaka — x_1(entity) feels the taste x_2(entity)

mi smaka lo tasta be le najnimre — I taste the taste of the orange.

mi smaka pa najnimre — I taste an orange.

mi smaka su'o titla — I feel something sweet.

Related words: tasta, vrusi, ganse, palpi, viska"

smani — x_1(entity) is a monkey or ape of species x_2(taxon)

lo smani — monkey.

le boske cu culno lo smani — The forest is full of monkeys.

Related words: mabru, danlu"

smoka — x_1(entity) is a sock

lo smoka — sock.

mi fliba lo ka tolcri lo smoka pe mi — I can't find my socks.

Related words: cutci, taxfu"

smuci — x_1(entity) is a spoon or scoop

lo smuci — spoon, scoop.

ko citka se pi'o lo pa smuci — Eat with a spoon.

Related words: dakfu, forca, tutci"

smuni — x_{1(entity, text)} is a meaning of x_{2(entity, text)} accepted by observer x_3(entity)

lo smuni — meaning. lo se smuni — meaningful.

ma lojbo smuni zoi sy.hola.sy. poi spano — What is the Lojban for Spanish "hola"?

mi pu te smuni zoi zoi.y.zoi lo nu mi na birti — By saying y I meant that I wasn't sure.

Related words: jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra"

smusku — x_1(entity) says x_2(clause) for audience x_3(entity)

lo smusku — who says. lo te smusku — audience.

la jasmin pu smusku lo jitfa do — Jasmine lied to you.

la kevin pu smusku lo nu do nitcu lo te sidju be fi mi — Kevin said that you need my help.

Comment: x₂ is a clause, not a quote (unlike cusku)

Related words: cusku, retsku, spusku, spuda, cu'u, bacru, tavla, casnu, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka"

snada — x_1(entity) succeeds at x_{2(property of x1)} because of effort x_{3(property of x1)}

lo te snada — successful effort.

mi pu snada lo ka gasnu tu'a lo fagri vau lo ka jai gau mosra pa grana pa grana — I succeeded in producing fire by rubbing one stick against another.

Related words: fliba, troci, jgira"

snanu — x_1(entity) is to the south of x_{2(entity) (entity)}

lo snanu — southern.

lo pendo be mi cu xabju bu'u lo snanu be ti — My friend live to the south of this place.

Related words: berti, stuna, stici, farna"

snidu — x_1(clause) is x_2(number) seconds long

lo snidu — second-long event.

lo nu mi pu bajra cu snidu li pa mu — I ran in 15 seconds.

Comment: if x₂ is not used denotes one second in duration

Related words: cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi"

snime — x_1(entity) is some snow

lo snime — snow.

le snime cu lenku — The snow is cold.

Related words: bratu, carvi, bisli"

snipa — x_1(entity) sticks or adheres to x_2(entity)

lo snipa — sticky.

lo cirla pu snipa lo moklu be mi — The cheese sticked to my mouth.

Related words: tarla, viknu"

snuji — x_1(entity) is a sandwich of x_2(entity) sandwiched between x_{3(entity group)}

lo snuji — sandwich.

mi pu citka pa snuji be lo rectu bei lo nanba — I ate a bread sandwich with meat inside.

Related words: midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, bitmu, sruri"

snura — x_1(entity) is safe from threat x_2(entity)

lo snura — safe from a threat.

mi'o snura lo ka se gunta lo bramlatu — We are safe from a possible attack of big cats.

Related words: ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, bandu"

snuti — x_{1(property of x2)} is an accident on the part of x_2(entity)

lo snuti — accident.

lo ka darxi la alis pu to'e snuti la kevin — It was deliberate on the part of Kevin to hit Alice.

le ka srera pu snuti le lanli — The error happened accidentally on the part of the researcher.

Related words: zukte, cunso"

so [digit/number] — 9, nine

so tadni ca catlu do — There are 9 students looking at you."

so'a [digit/number] — almost all

so'a lo prenu ca zukcfu no da — Almost all people are idle now.

le se gunka se la'u li so'a mulno — The work is almost done."

so'e [digit/number] — most

so'e lo prenu cu nelci lo plise — Most people like apples."

so'i [digit/number] — many

so'i lo prenu cu pindi — Many people are poor."

so'o [digit/number] — several

mi pu tavla so'o lo prenu — I talked to several people."

so'u [digit/number] — few

so'u prenu ca zvati le zarci — There are a few people now in the store."

sobde — x_1(entity) is some soya of species x_2(taxon)

lo sobde — soya.

ti stasu lo sobde — This is a soya soup.

Related words: dembi, gurni"

sodna — x_1(entity) is a quantity of alkali metal

lo sodna — alkali metal.

la natriium cu sodna — Sodium (Na) is an alkali metal.

Related words: jilka, jinme"

sodva — x_1(entity) is a quantity of soda, carbonated beverage of brand x_2(taxon)

lo sodva — soda.

mi pu pinxe lo sodva be lo bisli kruji — I was drinking an ice cream soda.

Related words: jilka, jinme"

solji — x_1(entity) is a quantity of gold

lo solji — gold.

lo solji cu kargu — Gold is expensive.

lo letri te jorne poi lo solji cu sefta cu xe benji se la'u li rau — Electrical junctions with gold surfaces are good transmitters.

Related words: ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu"

solri — x_1(entity) is the sun of home planet x_2(entity)

lo solri — sun.

ti solri so'o barda planeta — This is a home star of several big planets.

Related words: gusni, lunra, mluni, planeta, santa, terdi, tarci"

sombo — x_1(entity) sows x_2(entity) in x_3(entity)

lo se sombo — sown.

xu do mo'u sombo le tsiju lo dertu — Have you sown the seeds in the ground?

Related words: crepu, tsiju"

sonci — x_1(entity) is a soldier of army x_2(entity)

lo sonci — soldier. lo se sonci — army of soldiers.

ti se sonci pa ki'o ji'i da — This is an army of approximately 1000 soldiers.

Related words: damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji"

sorcu — x_1(entity) is a store or deposit of x_2(entity)

lo sorcu — store, deposit, stockpile.

ei mi klama lo sorcu be lo cidja — I should go to a food store.

xu le sorcu be lo datni cu akti — Is the data store active?

Comment: vreji is record of information or computer file, lo sorcu is bound to a location, lo se sabji is stored, reserved that is not necessarily tied to a location.

Related words: banxa, panka"

sorgu — x_1(entity) is sorghum of species x_2(taxon)

lo sorgu — sorghum.

ra pu jai gau farvi fai lo sorgu te zu'e lo ka jai gau citka lo jipci — He was growing sorghum to feed chickens.

Related words: gurni"

sorta — x_1(entity) sorta is/does x_{2(property of x1)}

lo sorta — sorta, sort of.

mi sorta lo ka gleki — I'm sort of happy.

Related words: simsa, klesi"

sovda — x_1(entity) is an egg or pollen from organism x_2(entity)

lo sovda — egg.

mi pu lebna so'o sovda be lo jipci — I took several hen eggs.

Comment: sovda is pollen, tsiju is spore or embryo-containing egg. Hen eggs used as food are usually unfertilized and thus are sovda.

Related words: ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, lanbi, tarbi"

spaji — x_1(clause) surprises x_2(entity)

lo spaji — surprising event. lo se spaji — surprised.

mi se spaji lo nu do kakne lo ka zgipli lo tabra — I am surprised that you can play the horn.

Related words: marvele, jenca, bredi, suksa"

spali — x_1(entity) polishes x_2(entity) with polish x_3(entity)

lo te spali — polish.

le ninmu cu spali lo xadni be vo'a lo cakla — The woman polished her body with a chocolate.

Related words: mosra, sraku, xutla"

spano — x_1(entity) is Spanish in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo spano — Spanish.

xu le ninmu cu spano — Is she Spanish?

Related words: ketco"

spati — x_1(entity) is a plant of species x_2(taxon)

lo spati — plant (organism).

le spati cu banro — The plant is growing.

Related words: genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, flora, pezli, srasu"

speni — x_1(entity) is married to x_2(entity) under custom x_{3(proposition)} ; x₁ is a spouse of x₂

lo speni — spouse, wife, husband.

lo speni be mi cu se jibri lo ka mikce — My spouse works as a doctor.

Related words: prami, gletu"

spisa — x_1(entity) is a portion or piece of x_2(entity)

lo spisa — portion, piece. lo se spisa — portioned.

ko dunda pa spisa be lo plise mi — Give me a piece of an apple.

Related words: pagbu"

spita — x_1(entity) is a hospital treating patient x_2(entity) for condition x_{3(property of x2)}

lo spita — hospital. lo se spita — patient of a hospital.

tu spita lo verba lo te bilma pe gau lo vidru — That is a hospital treating children for viral diseases.

Related words: bilma, mikce"

spofu — x_1(entity) is broken in function x_{2(property of x1)}

lo spofu — broken. lo se spofu — broken function.

le molki cu spofu lo ka cupra lo purmo — The mill is broken and is not producing the flour.

Related words: daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre"

spoja — x_1(entity) explodes or bursts into pieces x_2(entity)

lo spoja — exploding.

le jbama pu spoja lo pagbu — The bomb exploded into pieces.

Related words: cecla, jakne, jbama"

spuda — x_1(entity) responds or answers to stimulus x_2(entity) with response x_{3(property of x1)}

lo spuda — responder. lo se spuda — stimulus for a response. lo te spuda — response.

mi pu spuda lo se retsku lo ka spusku zo je'u — I responded to the question by replying "Yes."

le prenu pu spuda lo se friti be le fetsi lo ka cmila — The person responded to her offer with laughter.

le skami na spuda — The computer is not responding.

Related words: cusku, retsku, nabmi, danfu, spuda, cpedu"

spusku — x_1(entity) responds with x2 x_2(text) to x_3(entity)

lo spusku — responder. lo se spusku — reply, response, answer.

au la jasmin ba spusku zo je'u mi — I wish Jasmine replies "Yes" to me.

Related words: cusku, spuda, bacru, tavla, casnu, cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka"

sputu — x_1(entity) spits liquid x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) onto x_4(entity)

lo se sputu — liquid spit.

mi pu sputu lo tcati pa kabri le jubme — I spit some tea from a cup onto the table.

Related words: kafke, vamtu"

sraji — x_1(entity) is vertical in reference frame x_2(entity)

lo sraji — vertical.

le grana cu simlu lo ka sraji mi — The rod seems to be standing vertically from my position.

Related words: sanli, pinta"

sraku — x_1(entity) scratches x_2(entity)

lo sraku — abrasive, cutting (abrasive), scratching. lo se sraku — scratched.

mi pu sraku lo stedu be mi — I scratched my head.

Comment: sraku does not imply that material is removed, kakpa implies that, though.

Related words: guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa, spali"

sralo — x_1(entity) is Australian in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo sralo — Australian.

xu ta noi nixli cu sralo — Is that girl Australian?

Related words: glico"

srana — x_1(entity) is relevant to x_2(entity)

lo srana — relevant.

e'o do ciska lo srana be lo fatci se lifri be do — Please write about related to your real experience.

xu le nu do litru cu srana lo jibri be do — Is your journey a business trip?

Related words: ckini, ponse, steci"

srasu — x_1(entity) is a blade of grass of species x_2(taxon)

lo srasu — blade of grass.

lo bakni cu nitcu lo srasu — Cows need grass.

Comment: expanse of grass is loi srasu.

Related words: spati"

srera — x_1(entity) errs in doing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo se srera — error, mistake.

mi pu srera lo ka cuxna ma kau noi speni mi — I made a mistake in choosing my spouse.

mi pu srera lo ka klama la madrid — I made a mistake by going to Madrid.

Comment: when using kau x₂ can specify the actual act considered an error.

Related words: drani, cfila, fliba"

sruma — x_1(entity) assumes that x_{2(property of x3)} is true about x_3(entity)

lo se sruma — assumed.

mi sruma lo nu racli vau lo nu ca'o smaji — I think it'd be rational to continue keeping silence.

Related words: smadi, birti"

sruri — x_1(entity) encloses or surrounds x_2(entity) in direction x_3(entity)

lo sruri — enclosing. lo se sruri — enclosed.

le ckule cu se sruri lo cmana joi lo lalxu lo ro korbi — The school is surrounded by mountains and lakes from all sides.

Related words: karli, senta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine"

stace — x_1(entity) is honest with x_2(entity) about x_{3(property of x1)}

lo stace — honest.

ko stace mi lo ka pu smusku lo nu do pu zukte ma kau — Be honest with me in saying what you did.

sei mi stace mi na djuno — Frankly, I don't know.

sei mi stace na vajni mi — Frankly, it's not important to me.

Related words: tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri"

stagi — x_1(entity) is the vegetable, edible portion of plant x_2(entity)

lo stagi — vegetable.

au stagi stasu — I want a vegetable soup.

ti noi genja cu stagi lo patlu — This root is a vegetable of potato plant.

Related words: grute, kobli, narge, sluni, spati, sunga, tamca"

staku — x_1(entity) is a ceramics

lo staku — ceramic.

mi se cinri tu'a lo jungo staku — I have an interest in Chinese ceramics.

Related words: kliti"

stali — x_1(entity) stays or remains at x_2(entity)

lo stali — staying, remaining.

mi te mukti lo ka stali vi ku ze'a lo djedi be li ci — I am going to stay here for three days.

Related words: vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi"

stani — x_1(entity) is a stem or trunk of plant x_2(entity)

lo stani — stem, trunk. lo se stani — plant with a stem (organism).

pa cribe ca'o cpare lo stani be pa clani tricu — A bear is climbing up a trunk of a high tree.

Related words: tuple, mudri"

stapa — x_1(entity) steps on surface x_2(entity) using limbs x_3(entity)

le xirma pu jundi stapa lo bisli lo sufti — The horse carefully stepped on the ice with her hoofs.

mi pu stapa se ka'a le cripu — I stepped to the bridge.

Related words: bajra, plipe, cadzu, skalera"

stasu — x_1(entity) is some soup with ingredients x_2(entity)

lo stasu — soup. lo se stasu — ingredient of a soup.

i mi pu citka lo stasu be lo dembi jo'u lo silna — I ate a bean soup with salt.

Related words: sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso"

stati — x_1(entity) has talent for doing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo stati — smart, talented. lo se stati — talent.

ra stati lo ka zbasu lo bambola — She has talent for making dolls.

Related words: jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne"

steba — x_1(entity) feels frustration about x_2(clause)

lo steba — frustrated. lo se steba — frustrating situation.

le nakni pu steba lo nu la alis di'i pante — He was frustrated of Alice's regular complaints.

Related words: cinmo"

steci — x_{1(property of x2 and x3)} is specific only to x_2(entity) among x_3(entity) ; x₂ is the only one, are the only ones with x₂ among x₃

lo steci — specific feature. lo se steci — having a specific feature.

fi lo jmive fa lo remna cu se steci lo ka pilno lo xislu — Among living beings, only humans use wheel.

Related words: po'e, srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra"

stedu — x_1(entity) is a head of x_2(entity)

lo stedu — head.

lo stedu be le verba cu glare — The child's head is hot.

Related words: drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, flira, mapku"

stela — x_1(entity) is a lock for sealing x_2(entity), with mechanism x_{3(property of x1)}

lo stela — lock. lo se stela — sealed with a lock. lo te stela — locking mechanism.

ti stela ti noi tanxe vau lo ka te setca lo mapti ckiku — This is a lock for sealing this box; a suitable key is to be inserted into it.

Comment: x₃ describes how this mechanism works to open/close x₁.

Related words: ckiku"

stero — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) steradians

lo te kojna be fi ti cu stero li pa — The vertex of this cone subtends 1 steradian.

Related words: centi"

stici — x_1(entity) is to the west of x_2(entity) in frame of reference x_3(entity)

lo stici — western.

la amerik cu stici la afrik ti — America is to the west of Africa when viewed from here.

Related words: stuna, berti, snanu, farna"

stidi — x_1(entity) suggests x_{2(property of x3)} to x_3(entity)

lo stidi — advisor. lo se stidi — piece of advice, suggestion, proposal.

da'i do stidi tu'a ma noi gusta — What restaurant would you recommend?

lo se stidi be le fetsi pu du lo nu daspo le dinju — Her proposal was to destroy the building.

Related words: tcica, xlura"

stika — x_1(entity) adjusts, makes x_{2(property of x1)} change, vary in degree x_3(entity)

lo se stika — adjusted.

i ro linji ka'e stika lo ka clani ma kau vau ro da — Any line segment can be changed in its length to any degree.

Comment: binxo describes that entity turns into another entity, galfi is to turn one entity into another one. cenba describes how entity changes its state while remaining the same entity, stika is to make entity change its state.

Related words: cenba, galfi, binxo, zasni, stodi"

stizu — x_1(entity) is a seat, bench, chair

lo stizu — seat, chair, bench.

e'a do jai gau muvdu fai le stizu ti gi'e zutse — Feel free to move the chair here and be seated.

Related words: nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana"

stodi — x_1(entity) is static, constant, unchanging in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo stodi — constant.

ra stodi lo ka jinvi ma kau — He is stable in is views.

Related words: cenba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari"

stomaxu — x_1(entity) is a stomach, digestive organ of x_2(entity)

lo stomaxu — stomach.

lo stomaxu be mi cu culno — I am full.

Related words: rango, betfu, moklu, risna, livga"

stuna — x_1(entity) is to the east of x_2(entity) in frame of reference x_3(entity)

lo stuna — eastern.

lo nurma zdani be mi cu stuna le tcadu zdani ti — My rural house is to the west of the city apartment when viewed from here.

Related words: stici, berti, snanu, farna"

stura — x_1(entity) is a structure or arrangement of x_{2(entity group)}

lo stura — structure. lo se stura — structured.

lo stura be le dinju cu pluja — The building has a complex structure.

Comment: x₂ describes the whole set. For a particular member of a set use cmima.

Related words: ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna"

stuzi — x_1(entity) is an inherent site of x_2(entity)

lo stuzi — site, place (location).

ma stuzi lo spita — Where is a hospital?

Comment: unlike zvati the verb stuzi describes inherent places.

Related words: jmive, diklo, bu'u, zvati, tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali"

su'a [interjection] — I generalize, su'a nai — in particular

lo speni be mi bei fa la alis cu xebni lo birje i je su'a ro ninmu cu xebni lo birje — Alice, which is my wife, hates beer.

mi nelci lo ninmu y ju'e su'a nai la alis — And that shows that all women hate it. I like women ... Alice in particular."

su'e [digit/number] — at most ..., no more than ...

su'e re prenu ca zvati le dinju — There are at most two people in the building."

su'i — plus, addition operator (symbol + in math)

li pa ci su'i mu du li pa bi — 13 + 5 = 18."

su'o [digit/number] — at least ..., no less than ...

su'o ci prenu pu cliva le zdani — At least three people left the building.

su'o prenu ca jundi — At least one person is attentive now.

mi pu xagji se la'u li su'o — I was hungry to some degree."

su'u [clause prefix] — turn clause into verb

lo su'u mi tadni vau be lo pruce cu nandu — My learning is hard process.

lo nu catlu lo pindi vau be lo se lifri pu cizra — It was a strange experience to look at the poor man.

Comment: x_{1 (clause)} is the clause (that follows) that has the type x₂. Allows to specify the type of the clause."

sudga — x_1(entity) is dry of liquid x_2(entity)

lo sudga — dry.

le grute cu sudga lo jisra — The fruit is dry of juice.

Related words: cilmo, litki, runta"

sufti — x_1(entity) is a hoof of x_2(entity)

lo sufti — hoof.

ei do lasna le cutci lo sufti be le xirma lo dinko — You should fit the shoe to the horse's hoof with nails.

Related words: xirma"

suksa — x_1(entity) is sudden at x_{2(property of x1)}

lo suksa — sudden.

mi pu suksa lo ka co'a cikna — I suddenly waked up.

Related words: spaji, vitci, vlile"

sumji — x_1(entity) is the sum of x_{2(same type as x1)} plus x_{3(same type as x1)} plus x_{4(same type as x1)} ...

lo sumji — sum. lo se sumji — summand.

li bi sumji li mu li ci — 8 = 5 + 3.

Comment: can have any number of places. Starting from x₂ they represent summands.

Related words: jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji"

sumne — x_1(entity) smells the scent x_2(entity)

lo se sumne — scent.

mi sumne lo panci be lo flora — I smell the scent of flowers.

mi sumne lo flora — I feel a flower scent.

Related words: nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana"

sumti — x_1(text) is an argument, noun / name / pronoun of predicate x_{2(property of nonce place)} filling place x_3(text)

lo sumti — noun, name, pronoun, verb argument. lo se sumti — verb, predicate. lo te sumti — place of a verb argument.

zo mi sumti lo ka dunda vau zo fi — mi is the third argument of the verb dunda.

Comment: x₃ quotes a preposition (like fa or to'o) that puts the argument into its position.

Related words: bridi, darlu, gismu"

sunga — x_1(entity) is some garlic of species x_2(taxon)

lo sunga — garlic.

lo sunga cu se panci lo carmi — Garlic gives off a strong odor.

Related words: stagi"

sunla — x_1(entity) is some wool from x_2(entity)

lo sunla — wool.

lo sunla be lo lanme cu xutla — Lamb's wool is soft.

Related words: kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, bukpu, kerfa"

surla — x_1(entity) relaxes by doing x_{2(property of x1)}

mi surla lo ka vreta lo sfofa — I relax myself by lying on a sofa.

Related words: dunku, tatpi, zukcfu, vreta"

sutra — x_1(entity) is fast or quick at doing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo sutra — fast, quick. lo se sutra — done fast.

la alis pu sutra lo ka punji lo botpi lo tanxe — Alice was fast enough in putting the bottle into the box.

Related words: masno"

sy [pronoun] — s (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like sy is for the last lo sanmi used."

ta [pronoun] — that (there)

ta du lo mi'ai aftobuso vau xu — Is that our bus?"

ta'a [vocative] — Shows that the speaker interrupts the dialog

ta'a lo nobli ma se zvati lo sivni kumfa — Pardon for interrupting, but where is the toilet?"

ta'e [preposition of aspect] — habitually (habitual aspect)

mi ta'e citka lo plise — I used to eat apples.

lo verba ta'e ze'i co'a tatpi — Children tend to quickly get tired."

ta'i [preposition from tadji] — by method ..., adverb: methodically

ta'i ma do pu tsuku ti — How did you get here?

Comment: the clause describes the event happening via this method."

ta'o [interjection] — by the way, ta'o nai — returning to main point

ta'o do nanca ma — By the way, how old are you?

ta'o nai mi platu lo ka vitke la moskov de'i li jy dy re — Back to the point, I'm planning to visit Moscow on Tuesday.

Related words: ni'o, vajni"

tabno — x_1(entity) is a quantity of carbon

lo tabno — carbon.

lo kolme cu marji lo tabno — Coal consists of carbon.

Related words: kolme"

tabra — x_1(entity) is a musical horn, trumpet

lo tabra — trumpet, horn (musical instrument).

lo xanto cu bacru lo simsa be lo sance be lo tabra — Elephants produce sounds similar to trumpet.

Related words: zgike"

tadji — x_{1(property of nonce place)} is a method for doing x_{2(property of nonce place)}

lo tadji — method. lo se tadji — done methodically.

lo nu jai gau glare cu tadji lo nu jukpa lo sovda — Heating is how you cook an egg.

Related words: ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, ta'i"

tadni — x_1(entity) is a student of x_2(entity)

lo tadni — student. lo se tadni — studied.

mi tadni lo cmaci — I study math.

Related words: ckule, cilre, ctuca"

tagji — x_1(entity) is tight, snug on x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo tagji — tight, snug.

le kosta cu tagji le verba lo ka bekpi se pagbu — The coat is tight on the child in its back part.

Related words: trati, jarki, kluza, rinju"

tai [preposition from tasmi] — like ..., in manner ..., resembling ...

la kevin cu zukte ro da tai i ja'e bo mi jimpe no de — Kevin does everything in such a way I can't understand anything.

ba zi lo nu lo vorme co'a kalri vau le nakni pu klama lo nenri tai lo nu mi'a ca'o denpa tu'a le nakni — As soon as the door opened, he got in as if we were waiting for him.

Comment: the clause describes the event happening in this manner."

taksi — x_1(entity) is a taxi

lo taksi — taxi.

ai mi klama fu lo taksi — I'm going to take a taxi.

Related words: aftobuso, tcadu, karce"

talsa — x_1(entity) challenges x_2(entity) at x_{3(property of x2)}

mi pu talsa le nakni lo ka facki lo danfu — I challenged him in finding the answer.

Related words: jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu"

tamca — x_1(entity) is a tomato of species x_2(taxon)

lo tamca — tomato.

mi na nelci lo tasta be lo tamca — I don't like the taste of tomatoes.

Related words: grute, stagi"

tamji — x_1(entity) is a thumb or big toe on limb x_2(entity)

lo tamji — thumb.

mi pu darxi lo tamji be mi se pi'o lo mruli — I hit my thumb with a hammer.

Related words: degji, tance, xance, jamfu"

tamne — x_1(entity) is a cousin to x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(proposition)}

lo tamne — cousin.

do tunba mi lo ka patfu be lo patfu — You are my cousin since we have the same paternal grandfather.

Related words: dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba"

tanbo — x_1(entity) is a board or plank

lo tanbo — board, plank.

ne'a lo tanbo pu sanli fa lo nixli noi lo flira zo'u darsi cisma — A girl with a cheeky smile on her face was standing at the blackboard.

Related words: bliku, kubli"

tance — x_1(entity) is a tongue of x_2(entity)

lo tance — tongue.

gau ko punli fa lo tance — Put the tongue out.

Related words: moklu, bangu, nazbi, tamji, degji"

tanjo — x_1(number) it a tangent of angle x_2(number)

lo tanjo — tangent.

li pa tanjo lo radno be li pai fe'i vo — 1 is the tangent of "pi/4" radians.

Related words: sinso"

tanko — x_1(entity) is a quantity of tobacco of species x_2(taxon)

lo tanko — tobacco.

ra vasxu lo tanko — He smokes tobacco.

Related words: sigja, marna"

tanru — x_1(text) is a compound verb formed with component x_2(text) that modifies x_{3(text) (entity, text)}

lo tanru — compound verb, tanru.

lu sutra bajra li'u cu tanru zo sutra zo bajra — melbi ractu is a tanru (compound verb) with seltau sutra and tertau bajra.

zoi gy.drip fry.gy. tanru — "drip fry" is a tanru.

Related words: gismu, smuni"

tansi — x_1(entity) is a pan, shallow basin, sink for contents x_2(entity)

lo tansi — shallow basin, pan, sink. lo se tansi — contents of a pan.

ti tansi lo salta — This is a bowl for salad.

Related words: baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri, botpi"

tanxe — x_1(entity) is a box or crate for contents x_2(entity)

lo tanxe — box. lo se tanxe — contents of a box.

ra pu bevri lo tanxe be lo penbi — He brought a box of pens.

Related words: bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru"

tapla — x_1(entity) is a tile

lo tapla — tile.

lo dargu sefta cu vasru lo tapla — The road pavement contains tiles.

Comment: for tapla the third dimension is uniform and relatively thin, for karda the third dimension is insignificant.

Related words: bliku, kubli, matci, karda, bliku, kurfa, matci, plita, tarmi"

tarbi — x_1(entity) is an embryo with mother x_2(entity) and father x_3(entity)

lo tarbi — embryo. lo se tarbi — mother of an embryo. lo te tarbi — father of an embryo.

le ninmu pu cusku fi le nanmu fe lu ti tarbi mi na ku fi do li'u — She said to him "It's not your baby." (about her not yet born child).

Related words: gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute"

tarci — x_1(entity) is a star

lo tarci — star.

xu nai pluka fa lo nu catlu lo tarci ca lo nicte — Isn't it pleasant to look at stars at night?

Related words: solri, tsani"

tarla — x_1(entity) is a quantity of tar

lo tarla — tar.

mi na kakne lo ka lumci lo creka lo tarla — I can't clean my shirt of the tar.

Related words: kolme, pesxu, snipa"

tarmi — x_1(entity) is the shape of x_2(entity)

lo tarmi — shape, form (figure), look (appearance). lo se tarmi — having a shape.

lo balnema cu se tarmi lo finpe — Whales have the form of fishes.

Comment: lo te marji is physical shape.

Related words: nejni, te marji, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, sarlu"

tarti — x_1(entity) behaves oneself in manner x_{2(property of x1)}

lo se tarti — behaviour, behavior.

xamgu se tarti do fa lo ka da'i smaji — The best behaviour for you would be keeping silence.

Related words: cnano, spuda, tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde"

taske — x_1(entity) thirsts for x_2(entity)

lo taske — thirsty.

i mi taske — I'm thirsty.

mi mutce taske lo jisra — I'm dying for a juice!

Related words: nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe"

tasmi — x_1(clause) is the way or manner in which x_2(clause) happens

lo tasmi — manner.

lo ka plipe ga'u lo bitmu pu tasmi lo nu mi pu tsuku lo purdi — Jumping over the fence, this is how l got into the garden.

Related words: tai, ta'i, tadji"

tasta — x_1(entity) is a taste of x_2(entity)

lo tasta — taste.

lo tasta be lo nanba cu titla — The bread has a sweet taste.

Related words: smaka, vrusi, kukte, silna"

tatpi — x_1(entity) is tired of x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

lo tatpi — tired. lo se tatpi — tiring.

mi tatpi lo nu do so'i roi pante — I'm tired of your numerous complaints.

Related words: cikna, sipna, surla"

tatru — x_1(entity) is a breast of x_2(entity)

lo tatru — breast.

ra se tatru lo barda — She has big boobs.

Related words: ladru, mabru"

tavla — x_1(entity) talks to x_2(entity) about x_{3(entity, text)} in language x_4(entity)

lo te tavla — subject of a talk.

ko smaji ca lo nu mi tavla la alis fo la lojban fi lo nu prami — Keep silence when I'm talking to Alice in Lojban about love.

Comment: skicu is to tell, cusku is to say, tavla is to talk, cusku lo notci is to notify.

Related words: bacru, casnu, darlu, ciksi, bangu"

taxfu — x_1(entity) is a garment worn by x_2(entity)

lo taxfu — garment.

lo vi sunla kosta cu taxfu lo zvati be lo cmana gi'e bandu fi lo nu lenku — This fur coat is used by those who are in mountains and protects from cold.

Related words: creka, cutci, daski, dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe"

tcaci — x_{1(property of x2)} is a custom or habit of x_2(entity)

lo tcaci — custom, habit. lo se tcaci — having a habit.

ra se ke xlali tcaci lo ka batci lo jgalu — He has a bad habit of biting his fingernails.

Related words: fadni, kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri"

tcadu — x_1(entity) is a city or town of area x_2(entity)

lo tcadu — city, town.

lo ralju tcadu be lo bu'u gugde cu darno ti — The main city of this country is far away from here.

Related words: jarbu, nurma, cecmu"

tcana — x_1(entity) is a station, node for component x_2(entity) of a network

lo tcana — network station, network node. lo se tcana — network with a station.

ti tcana lo trene — This is a train station.

Related words: dargu, litru, pluta, trene, ciste, ve mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fonxa, letri, fatri"

tcati — x_1(entity) is some tea brewed from x_2(entity)

lo tcati — tea. lo se tcati — leaf of tea.

mi pinxe lo tcati be lo crino pezli — I'm drinking tea brewed from green leaves.

Related words: ckafi"

tcemi — x_1(entity) is compared with x_2(entity)

mi poi tcemi do barda — I am big compared to you.

Related words: zmadu"

tcena — x_1(entity) extends to range x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)} from range x_4(entity)

lo tcena — stretchy.

lo bratu carvi cu tcena fo ti fe lo drata gugde lo vlile — The violent hail spreads from here to another country.

Related words: kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati"

tcica — x_1(clause) tricks or misleads x_2(entity) into x_{3(property of x2)}

lo tcica — misleading event. lo se tcica — tricked, misled.

lo nu lo jbari cu xunre cu tcica mi lo ka pensi lo nu to'e se ckape lo ka citka le jbari — The red color of the berry misled me into thinking that it's safe to eat it.

Related words: stace, xlura, stidi, kajde"

tcidu — x_1(entity) reads x_2(text) from medium x_3(entity)

lo tcidu — reader. lo se tcidu — readable, text to be read. lo te tcidu — document to be read.

mi mo'u tcidu lo se ciska le bitmu — I have read what is written on the wall.

Related words: ciska, cukta, karni"

tcika — x_1(number) is the time of x_2(clause) happening at place or timezone x_3(entity)

lo tcika — time of day. lo te tcika — time zone.

le fetsi pu tsuku mo'u le se tcika — She arrived on time.

mi tsuku ba'o le se tcika — I arrived in time.

li cy pa ci tcika lo nu ei mi'o cliva — 1 pm is when we should leave.

li cy so my ci no tcika lo nu lo zarci co'a akti — Shops start working at 9:30

li cy pa no my mu sy re ze tcika le nu le jakne co'a vofli vau la nipon — 10:05:27 (Japanese timezone) is when the rocket started the flight.

Comment: in x₁ cy is put before hours, my is put before minutes, sy is put before seconds.

Related words: detri, de'i, cacra, cerni, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca"

tcila — x_1(entity) is a detail of x_2(entity)

lo tcila — detail, feature. lo se tcila — detailed, having features.

lo bangu cu ro roi vajni tcila le cecmu — Language is always an important detail of a society.

Related words: diklo, steci"

tcilokoiotli — x_1(entity) is a pumpkin of species x_2(taxon)

lo tcilokoiotli — pumpkin.

xu do pu'i smaka lo sanso be lo tcilokoiotli — Have you ever tasted pumpkin sauce?

Related words: grute"

tcima — x_1(clause) is the weather at place x_2(entity)

lo tcima — weather.

lu ma tcima la moskov ca lo cabdei li'u lu lo solri li'u — "What is the weather today in Moscow?" "It is sunny."

Related words: brife, bumru, carvi, dilnu, bratu"

tcini — x_{1(property of x2)} are the circumstances of x_2(entity)

lo tcini — situation, circumstances, condition (state), chance (condition).

ma tcini lo nu do pu farlu — How did you fell down (what were the circumstances of your falling)?

ma tcini lo nu pilno — What are the terms of usage?

lo nu tadni lo saske poi lo no'a na nelci cu cizra tcini — Studying a branch of science that you don't like is a crazy situation.

Related words: stuzi, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, ckaji, zasni"

tcita — x_1(entity) is a label of x_2(entity) showing information x_{3(property of x2)}

lo tcita — tag, label. lo se tcita — tagged, labelled. lo te tcita — information on a tag.

lo vi sinxa cu tcita lo valsi lo ka cnino — This symbol labels words as being new.

Related words: sinxa, cmene, judri"

te [place converter] — switches 1st and 3rd places of verb

mi pu te vecnu lo karce lo mi pendo — I bought a car from my friend.

va'i lo mi pendo pu vecnu lo karce mi — In other words, my friend sold a car to me."

te be'i [preposition from te benji] — sent to ...

le prenu pu cusku da te be'i mi — He said something to me.

Comment: in the clause where te be'i is used x₁ is the sender."

te fi'e [preposition from te finti] — created with purpose ...

le za'u mei ba'o pilno lo minji pe te fi'e lo nu cpacu lo ctile — They no longer use machines created to get oil."

te ka'a [preposition from te klama] — going from ...

mi pu bajra te ka'a le za'u mei — I ran away from them.

Comment: in the clause where teka'a is used x₁ is the one who goes."

te rai [preposition from te traji] — preferring out of ...

lo fragari cu se nelci mi te rai lo jbari — Out of berries, I like strawberries most.

Comment: x₁ of the clause describes the most one in this comparison, the clause itself describes the comparison."

te zu'e [preposition from te zukte] — with a goal of ..., adverb: for a purpose

le prenu cu gunka te zu'e lo ka co'u morji — He works in order to forget."

te'ai [subscript] — subscript prefix, attaches a numeral showing dimension of a measurement verb

lo vi foldi cu mitre te'ai re li pa no no — This field is 100 square meters.

Comment: mitre te'ai re is square meters, mitre te'ai ci is cubic meters."

te'o [digit/number] — exponential e (approximately 2.71828)

li te'o te'a vei ka'o pi'i pai ve'o du li ni'u pa — e^{(i × π)} = -1."

temci — x_1(clause) is the elapsed time from x_2(clause) to x_3(clause)

lo cacra be li ci cu temci lo nu mi mo'u cliva lo dinju vau lo nu lo mamta mo'u tsuku le dinju — Three hours passed from the time I left the building till the time the mother arrived at it.

Related words: cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi"

tende — x_1(entity) tends to do or be x_{2(property of x1)}

lo tende — having tendency.

le nakni cu tende lo ka smusku lo jitfa — He tends to lie.

Related words: lakne, zukte, fanta, ckaji, tcaci, cafne, fadni, cnano"

tenfa — x_{1(entity, number)} is the exponential result of x_{2(same type as x1)} to the power of x_3(number)

lo tenfa — exponential result. lo se tenfa — exponential base. lo te tenfa — exponent.

li so tenfa li ci li re — 9 is the exponential result of 3 to the power 2.

Related words: dugri"

tengu — x_{1(property of x2)} is a texture of x_2(entity)

lo tengu — texture. lo se tengu — having a texture.

lo pilka be lo tricu cu se tengu lo ka rufsu — The rind of the tree has a rough texture.

Related words: rufsu, xutla"

terdi — x_1(entity) is the home planet of inhabitants x_2(entity)

lo terdi — home planet, earth (planet).

ti terdi lo remna — This is the planet of humans.

Comment: lo dertu is ground, dirt. But bu'u lo terdi is on the ground.

Related words: lunra, planeta, solri, kensa, tsani"

terpa — x_1(entity) fears x_2(clause)

lo terpa — fearful, afraid of. lo se terpa — causing fear.

mi terpa lo nu lo mamta cu viska ti — I'm afraid that my mom will see this.

Related words: snura, xalni, xanka, virnu"

terto — x_1(entity) is a trillion, 10¹² of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo vi tcana cu terto lo bitni be li bi lo ka vasru — This network station stores 1 Terabyte of data.

Related words: centi"

ti [pronoun] — this (here)

ma jdima ti — What is the price of this?

ko stali ti — Stay here."

ti'a [preposition of cardinal direction] — to the rear of ..., adverb: behind

ti'a do karce — There is a car behind you."

ti'e [interjection] — I hear (hearsay)

ti'e ba carvi — They say it will rain.

ti'e le prenu cu zabna mikce — She is said to be a good doctor.

Related words: tirna, sitna, tcidu"

tigni — x_1(entity) performs x_{2(property of x1)} for audience x_3(entity)

lo tigni — performer. lo se tigni — performance. lo te tigni — audience of a performance.

le za'u mei cu tigni lo ka sutra dansu vau lo tadni — They are performing a fast dance before students.

Related words: jarco"

tilju — x_1(entity) is heavy or massive in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo tilju — heavy.

lo vi tanxe cu je'a tilju lo ka gau muvdu re'o lo loldi — This box is really heavy in dragging it on the floor.

Related words: linto, carmi, bunda, junta"

tinbe — x_1(entity) obeys rule x_{2(property of x1)} made by x_3(entity)

lo se tinbe — rule obeyed.

mi tinbe lo te minde do — I obey your command.

Related words: tolpro, minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri"

tinci — x_1(entity) is some tin

lo tinci — tin.

lo tanxe cu marji lo tinci — The box is made of tin.

Related words: lante, boxfo, cnisa, jinme"

tinsa — x_1(entity) is rigid, stiff in direction x_2(entity) against force x_3(clause)

lo tinsa — rigid, stiff.

le falnu cu tinsa lo pinta lo brife — The sail is rigid in horizontal direction against the wind.

Related words: toltinsa, bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi"

tirna — x_1(entity) hears x_2(entity)

lo se tirna — heard.

mi pu tirna lo sance be lo palta poi ca'o porpi — I heard the sound of a plate breaking.

Related words: kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana"

tirse — x_1(entity) is a quantity of iron

lo tirse — iron.

lo solji ne se mau lo tirse cu tilju — Gold is heavier than iron.

Related words: jinme, gasta, molki"

tisna — x_1(entity) fills with material x_{2(entity, property of x1)} ; x₂ pours into x₁

tisna lo ka jgira — He is filled with pride.

Related words: culno, kunti, rinci, setca"

titla — x_1(entity) is sweet or sugary to x_2(entity)

lo titla — sweet, sugary.

lo badna cu titla mi — The banana tastes sweet to me.

Related words: sakta, slari, kurki"

tivni — x_1(entity) is a video camera or TV center streaming x_2(entity) via medium x_3(entity) to TV receiver x_4(entity)

lo tivni — streaming video camera, streaming TV center. lo se tivni — streamed video.

ti ca'o tivni lo skina la internet lo mi zdani skami — This camera is streaming video via the internet to my home computer.

Related words: cradi, skina, vidni, benji, tcana"

tixnu — x_1(entity) is a daughter of x_2(entity)

lo tixnu — daughter. lo se tixnu — parent of a daughter.

ma nuzba lo tixnu be do — How is your daughter?

Related words: bersa, se rirni, verba, nixli, fetsi, mamta, mensi"

to — to ... toi are parentheses, mark parenthetical comments

lei verba to lei rirni pu zvati lo zarci toi pu klama lo bartu — The children (the parents were at the store) went outside."

to'e [left scaler] — anti- (opposite on the scale). Modifies the construct to the right

mi to'e ri'a nai snada — Despite that, I succeeded.

to'e cafne fa lo nu carvi bu'u ti — It rains here seldom.

mi to'e nelci lo perli — I hate pears."

to'o [preposition of place] — directly away from ...

da pu renro lo rokci to'o le bitmu — Someone threw a stone from the direction of the fence."

to'u [interjection] — in short, to'u nai — in detail

to'u mi na djuno lo danfu — In short, I don't know the answer.

to'u nai mi cliva ca lo lamji vanci — In detail, I leave this evening.

Related words: tordu, clani, tcidu"

toi [terminator] — ends a construct started with: to"

toknu — x_1(entity) is an oven for heating x_2(entity)

lo toknu — oven. lo se toknu — baked in an oven.

ti toknu lo cidja — This is an oven for cooking food.

tu toknu lo mudri — That is a wood burning stove.

Related words: jukpa, cidja, nanba"

tolckire — x_1(entity) feels resentment, bitterness towards x_2(entity) for action x_{3(property of x2)}

lo tolckire — resentful.

mi pu tolckire le ninmu lo ka tarti lo xlali — I felt resentful of this lady's bad behavior.

Related words: to'e, ckire"

tolcri — x_1(entity) finds x_{2(property of x1)} at x₃

lo se tolcri — found (in possesion).

mi pu tolcri lo penbi lo va kumfa — I found the pen in that room.

Related words: facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri"

toldi — x_1(entity) is a butterfly or moth of species x_2(taxon)

lo toldi — butterfly, moth.

mi zgana lo tadji be lo nu lo toldi cu vofli — I observe how butterflies fly.

Related words: cinki"

tolna'e — x_{1(proposition)} confirms, is an evidence for x_{2(proposition)}

lo tolna'e — evidence.

lo du'u la kevin na xagji cu tolna'e lo du'u la kevin pu citka lo torta — The fact that Kevin is not hungry is the evidence that he ate the cake.

tolna'e lo du'u mi na ba jinga — It's clear that I won't win.

Related words: natfe, nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra"

tolpo'u — x_1(entity) is capable of performing functions x_{2(property of x1)}

lo tolpo'u — functional, usable.

lo minji cu tolpo'u — The machine is functional.

Related words: to'e, spofu, akti, kakne"

tolpro — x_1(entity) surrenders, yields to x_2(entity) in x_{3(entity, property of x1)} ; x₁ consents to do x₃

mi pu tolpro lo pendo lo ka klama lo skina dinju — I accepted my friend's proposal to go to the cinema.

Comment: tugni is to agree with some statement, tolpro is to accept something and actually do it.

Related words: fapro, tugni, i'a, vi'o, bradi, darlu, damba, lanxe"

tolrinsa — x_1(entity) says goodbye, bids farewell to x_2(entity) ; x₁ sees x₂ off

so'i pendo cu tolrinsa la alis — There were many friends seeing Alice off.

Related words: rinsa, friti, a'oi, coi, co'o, di'ai"

toltinsa — x_1(entity) is flexible in direction x_2(entity) under force x_3(clause)

lo toltinsa — flexible.

do simlu lo ka toltinsa lo ka tarti ma kau vau lo se cpedu be lo se prami be do — You seem to be flexible in your behavior under requests of your loved one.

Related words: tinsa, bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi"

tolxanka — x_1(entity) calm about x_2(clause)

lo tolxanka — calm, tranquil, serene . lo se tolxanka — calm situation.

e'o do tolxanka — Please, calm down.

Related words: xanka, surla, denpa, oi nai"

tolycladu — x_1(entity) has quiet sound at observation point x_2(entity)

lo tolycladu — quiet (producing soft sound), soft (of sound).

mi'a pu tolycladu tavla — We talked quiet.

e'o tolycladu — Please, be quiet!

lo bu'u purdi cu tolycladu — This garden is a quiet place.

le minji cu tolycladu lo bartu — The machine has a soft sound when listening from the outside.

Related words: cladu, sance, smaji, savru"

tolzdi — x_1(clause) is boring, dreary, wearisome, tedious to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo tolzdi — boring, tiresome, dreary, dull (boring). lo se tolzdi — bored.

tolzdi se cau lo zgike — It's boring without music.

mi se tolzdi — I'm bored.

Comment: lo zdile has the opposite meaning, amuzing

Related words: zdile, cinri, panka, kelci"

tonga — x_1(sound) is a tone of pitch x_2(entity)

lo tonga — tone. lo se tonga — tone pitch.

lo cipni ta'e bacru lo tonga be lo barda — The bird produces a high pitch.

lo bakni cu bacru lo tonga be lo cmalu — Cows produces low pitch.

Related words: rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu"

tordu — x_1(entity) is short in length/width etc. x_{2(property of x1)}

lo tordu — short.

lo vi uenzi cu tordu lo ka se pagbu lo xo kau valsi — This text is short in the number of words.

Comment: the first largest dimension. tordu, jarki and cinla specify the three dimensions of objects.

Related words: cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani"

torni — x_1(entity) twists under force x_2(clause)

lo torni — twisting.

mi mo'u jai se torni lo tornozelo — I twisted my ankle.

Related words: tinsa, trati"

tornozelo — x_1(entity) is an ankle of x_2(entity)

lo tornozelo — ankle.

lo djacu pu lamji lo tornozelo be ra — The water reached her ankles.

Related words: cidni, jamfu, tuple, jorne"

torta — x_1(entity) is a cake containing ingredients x_2(entity)

lo torta — cake, torte, tart, pie, flan.

ti pu torta lo grute e lo kruji e lo nanba — This was a cake made of fruits, cream and bread.

Related words: nanba, panlo, toknu"

traduki — x_1(entity) translates x_2(text) to x_3(text)

lo traduki — translator, interpreter. lo se traduki — text translated.

do traduki zoi gy.Yay, hello!.gy. ma noi lojbo — How would you translate "Yay, hello!" to Lojban?

mi pu traduki lu coi ui li'u noi lojbo zoi gy.yay, hello!.gy. noi glico — I translated Lojban coi ui to English as "Yay, hello!"

mi traduki lo glico lo lojbo — I translate from English to Lojban.

Comment: x₂ and x₃ can be filled with names denoting languages e.g. glico.

Related words: uenzi, cusku"

traji — x_1(entity) is utmost in x_{2(property of x3)} among x_3(entity)

lo traji — utmost, most.

la alis cu traji lo ka clani vau lo nixli pe lo vi ckule — Alice is the tallest among girls of this school.

Comment: milxe and mutce don't have similar x₃.

Related words: rai, jimte, milxe, mutce, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane, zmadu, mleca"

trano — x_1(entity) is a quantity of nitrogen

lo trano — nitrogen.

lo vacri cu vasru lo kijno e lo trano — The air consists of oxygen and nitrogen.

Related words: vacri"

trati — x_1(entity) is taut, strained in direction x_{2(property of x1)}

lo trati — taut, strained.

le taxfu cu tarti lo ka pinta — The dress is strained in horizontal direction.

Related words: tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, kluza"

trene — x_1(entity) is a caravan, a train of connected cars x_{2(entity group)} on the route or railroad x_3(entity)

lo trene — caravan, train (of cars). lo se trene — member of a caravan, car of a train, carriage (of a train).

ti trene mu da — This train consists of 5 cars.

so'i da trene lo kumte la silka dargu — There are many camel caravans on the Silk Road.

Related words: tcana, kumte"

tricu — x_1(entity) is a tree of species x_2(taxon)

lo tricu — tree.

lo cribe cu kakne lo ka cpare lo tricu — A bear can climb a tree.

Related words: cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati"

trina — x_1(entity) attracts x_2(entity) with x_{3(property of x1)}

lo trina — attractive. lo se trina — attracted.

lo jibri cu trina mi lo ka mi zifre lo ka cliva lo briju ca lo nu mi djica — The job attracts me in that I may leave the office when I want.

Related words: djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, magneti"

trixe — x_1(entity) is behind x_2(entity) in frame of reference x_3(entity)

lo karce cu trixe lo tricu lo canko — The car is behind the tree when viewed from the window.

Related words: crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle"

troci — x_1(entity) tries to do x_{2(property of x1)}

lo se troci — something tried.

mi ba troci lo ka cpare lo tricu — I will try to climb the tree.

lo troci ku po'o cu snada i ku'i lo troci po'o cu fliba — Only the one who tries succeeds. But the one who only tries fails.

Related words: fliba, snada, cipra"

tsali — x_1(entity) is strong in property x_{2(property of x1)}

lo tsali — strong.

do tsali lo ka lafti lo tilju — You are strong in lifting heavy objects.

Related words: ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa"

tsani — x_1(entity) is the sky at place x_2(entity)

lo tsani — sky.

lo tsani be lo xamsi cu klina gi'e banli — The sky in the sea is clean and magnificent.

Related words: gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi"

tsapi — x_1(entity) is a spice or seasoning causing flavor x_2(entity)

lo tsapi — spice, seasoning. lo se tsapi — flavour of a seasoning, flavor of a seasoning.

lo vi cidja cu culno lo tsapi be lo cpina — This food is rich in hot spices.

Related words: vrusi"

tsiju — x_1(entity) is a seed, fertilized cell of organism x_2(entity) for producing offspring x_3(entity)

lo tsiju — seed, fertilized cell, spore.

ti tsiju lo manti lo mamta — This is a fertilized cell producing ant queen.

Comment: sovda is pollen, tsiju is spore or embryo-containing egg.

Related words: tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati"

tsina — x_1(entity) is a platform or stage at x_2(entity) supporting x_3(entity)

lo tsina — platform, stage.

lo tsani cu tsina pe'a lo galtu lo tarci — The sky is a high "pedestal" for stars.

Related words: greku, jubme"

tsuku — x_1(entity) arrives at x_{2(entity, property of x1)} via x_3(entity) ; x₁ reaches x₂

lo se tsuku — place of arrival.

mi tsuku lo xotli lo ralju klaji — I arrived at the hotel via the main street.

mi kakne lo ka tsuku lo cmana — I can reach the mountain.

lo nu mi tsuku pu spaji le za'u mei — My arrival surprised them."

tu [pronoun] — that over there

u'e cai tu mo — Oh my, what is that over there?"

tu'a — refers to a noun inside an abstraction noun. "tu'a [noun]" is equivalent to "lo nu co'e [noun]"

mi djica tu'a lo plise — I want an apple. I want to do something with an apple (probably, to eat it)."

tu'e — tu'e ... tu'u — brackets for grouping sentences

mi cadzu ka'ai le gerku i je ba tu'e mi ba jukpa lo nanba i ja ca bo mi lumci le kumfa tu'u — I will walk with the dog. And then I will either cook the bread or clean the room or doth both at the same time."

tu'o [digit/number] — prefix for uncountable nouns, null operand (used in unary mekso operations)

tu'o sluni cu zvati le patxu — There is a mash of onions in the pot.

Comment: outside math formulae indicates that number can't be applied to the noun.

Related words: zi'o"

tu'u [terminator] — ends a construct started with: tu'e"

tubnu — x_1(entity) is a tube made of x_2(entity) with the hole made of x_3(entity)

lo tubnu — tube, sleeve, hose. lo se tubnu — material of a tube. lo te tubnu — content of a tube.

lo vi ponjo se sanmi cu tubnu lo rismi lo finpe sovda — This Japanese meal is a tube of rice with caviar as its filling.

Comment: x₃ can be air, water, etc.

Related words: kevna, canlu, slanu, kamju"

tugni — x_1(entity) agrees with x_2(entity) that x_{3(proposition)} is true

mi tugni do lo nu lo vi purdi cu melbi — I agree with you that this is a beautiful garden.

Related words: sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji"

tujli — x_1(entity) is a tulip of species x_2(taxon)

lo tujli — tulip.

lo tujli ba zi se flora — The tulips will bloom soon.

Related words: spati"

tumla — x_1(entity) is a parcel of land at x_2(entity)

lo tumla — terrain, parcel of land.

ti tumla lo drata gugde — This is a land of another country.

Related words: vacri, xamsi, tutra, gugde, xamsi"

tunba — x_1(entity) is a sibling of x_2(entity) by bond x_{3(property of x1)}

lo tunba — sibling.

do tunba mi lo ka se mamta gi'e se patfu — You are my sibling since we are born from the same mother and father.

Related words: bruna, mensi, tamne"

tunka — x_1(entity) is a quantity of copper

lo tunka — copper.

xu lo tunka cu narju — Is copper orange?

Related words: jinme, lastu, ransu"

tunlo — x_1(entity) swallows

ra pu tunlo — He made a swallowing movement.

Related words: citka, pinxe, galxe"

tunta — x_1(entity) pokes, stabs, pricks x_2(entity)

lo dakfu cu tunta lo tuple be mi — The knife is poking my leg.

Related words: balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, katna"

tuple — x_1(entity) is a leg of x_2(entity)

lo tuple — leg.

je'u ma'a se tuple vo da — We actually have four legs.

Related words: stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli"

turni — x_1(entity) governs people or domain x_2(entity)

lo turni — governor.

ra turni lo bu'u gugde — He governs this country.

Related words: catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro"

tutci — x_1(entity) is a tool used for x_{2(property of x1)}

lo tutci — tool. lo se tutci — purpose of a tool.

lo vlaste cu plixau tutci lo nu tadni lo bangu — Dictionary is a useful tool for studying languages.

Comment: basic tool types: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, xislu, vraga, balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, utensils: forca, smuci, dakfu.

Related words: cabra, minji, lo se pilno, zukte, sazri"

tutra — x_1(entity) is territory controlled by x_2(entity)

lo tutra — territory.

lo tutra be lo manti cu zenba — The territory controlled by ants is extending.

Comment: needs not be land.

Related words: catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, steci, tumla"

ty [pronoun] — t (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like ty is for the last lo tutra used."

u [conjunction for nouns] — whether or not

coi lo jbopre u lo certu — Hello, Lojbanists (whether or not you are experts).

Related words: ju, a, e, ji, o, u"

u'a [interjection] — gain, u'a nai — loss

u'a sinxa lo nu mi pu drani — Aha, that's a sign that I was right.

u'a nai la rob pu zabna gerku — Snif, Rob was a good dog.

Related words: jinga, cnemu, prali, cirko"

u'e [interjection] — Ooh! (wonder), u'e nai — Pff! (commonplace)

u'e le lalxu cu je'a melbi — Wow, the lake is really beautiful.

u'e nai lalxu — So what? It's just a lake.

u'e lo za'u vi jbari cu je'a kukte — Wow, these berries are indeed tasty.

Related words: marvele, fadni"

u'i [interjection] — Ha-ha! (amusement), u'i nai — Blah (weariness)

u'i lo mlatu cu troci lo ka kavbu lo rebla be vo'a — Ha-ha, a cat is trying to capture its tail.

u'i nai mi pu tirna lo do xajmi lisri — Boring, I heard your funny story.

Related words: se zdile, se xajmi, xalbo"

u'o [interjection] — courage, boldness, u'o cu'i — timidity, shyness, u'o nai — cowardice

u'o mi do ba jai gau snura — I'm coming to your rescue!

u'o cu'i xu mi zifre lo ka stali — Erm, may I stay here?

u'o nai mi na klama lo nenri — Oh no, I'm not going to enter.

Related words: virnu"

u'u [interjection] — Sorry! (repentance)

u'u mi pu srera — Sorry, I made a mistake.

Related words: xenru, zungi"

ua [interjection] — Aha! Eureka! I get it! (discovery), ua nai — Duh! I don't get it! (confusion, searching)

ua nai ma smuni lo se cusku be do — Huh, what's the meaning of your words?

ua le penbi cu nenri le tanxe — Oh, the pen is inside the box.

Related words: facki, cfipu, sisku"

ubu [pronoun] — u (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like u bu is for the last lo uenzi used."

ue [interjection] — Dear me! Yow! Hey?! Wow! (surprise), ue cu'i — not really surprised, ue nai — expectation

ue do xa'o zvati ti — Hey, you are already here!

ue cu'i do ca'o sipna — Well, no surprises, you are still sleeping.

ue nai ro da cu prane — Everything is perfect, just as I expected.

Related words: spaji"

uencu — x_1(entity) is a document containing, describing x_2(entity)

lo uencu — document. lo se uencu — content of a document.

mi jinvi lo du'u lo vi uenci be lo nu farvi fa le bangu cu mutce lo ka vajni — I think that these documents containing the development of the language are very important.

Related words: uenzi, jaspu, xatra, pikta, karni, papri, pelji, vreji, cukta, ciska, tcidu"

uenzi — x_1(text) is a text about x_2(entity)

lo uenzi — text. lo se uenzi — content of a text.

ti uenzi lo vajni nu fasnu — This is a text about important events.

Related words: cusku, traduki, bangu, tcidu, lerfu, ciska"

ui [interjection] — Whee! Yay! Hooray! Yippie! Yahoo! (happiness), ui nai — Alas! (unhappiness)

ui mi pu penmi le fetsi zu'e mi — Yay, I had a meeting with her.

ui nai mi fliba — Alas, I failed.

Related words: gleki, fu'au"

ultime — x_1(clause) is the final, last part leading up to completion of x_2(clause)

lo ultime — finale, final part.

lo ultime be lo te jivna ba cinri ba'a — I expect the final part of the competition interesting.

Related words: incipe, cfari, sisti, krasi, fanmo, mulno"

uo [interjection] — Voila! (completion), uo nai — incompleteness

uo mi facki lo danfu — Voila, I found a solution!

uo nai do tu na ru'e darxi — Oh, you almost hit it.

Related words: mulno, mansa, fanmo, snada"

uu [interjection] — Oh dear! Poor thing! (pity, compassion), uu nai — Mwa ha ha! (cruelty)

uu a'o do ba jinga ca lo drata — Oh you poor thing, I hope you will win another time.

uu nai do ba me lo selfu be mi — Mwa ha ha, you will be my slave!

Comment: in English the word pity is often connected with the feeling of superiority which would be uu ga'i — pity combined with a sense of superiority, or uu vu'e — pity combined with a sense of virtue

.

Related words: kecti"

va [preposition of group VA] — ... space units apart

le prenu cu sanli va lo mitre be li re ki mi — The man is standing two meters away from me.

lo va tanxe cu vasru lo plise — That box contains apples.

Comment: specifies the distance, e.g. in meters ."

va'e [verb] — turn number into verb denoting position on scale

ro prenu cu su'o va'e lo ka bebna — Every person is stupid to some degree.

Comment: x_{1(property of nonce place with kau)} is at n-th position on scale x_{2(property of nonce place with kau)}. The number (n) is put in front of va'e."

va'i [interjection] — in other words

mi ponse so'u jdini — I have little money.

va'i mi pindi — In other words, I'm poor.

Related words: cusku, te smuni"

va'o [preposition from vanbi] — provided that ..., on condition that ..., under conditions ..., in environment ...

mi ba zukte i va'o bo do stali — I will do it provided that you stay."

vacmurse — x_1(entity) happens at the twilight of day x_2(entity)

lo vacmurse — twilight.

ca lo vacmurse be lo prulamdei le festi pu tsuku lo mi dinju — Yesterday at twilight, she arrived at my house.

Related words: cerni, kandi, vanci"

vacri — x_1(entity) is some air from place x_2(entity)

lo vacri — air.

mi vasxu lo noi culno lo kijno jo'u lo pluka panci vau vacri be lo purdi — I breathe the air of the garden full of oxygen and pleasant scents.

Related words: gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi"

vai [digit/number] — hex digit F (decimal 15), fifteen

mi ba penmi do de'i li cy vai — I will meet you at 3pm."

vajni — x_{1(entity, property of x2)} is important to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo vajni — important.

na vajni mi — I don't care.

lo ka di'i tavla fo la lojban cu vajni do lo ka se jalge lo nu do certu tu'a la lojban — Regularly talking in Lojban is important to you in becoming an expert in Lojban.

Related words: banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni"

valsi — x_1(text) is a word meaning x_2(text) in language x_3(entity)

lo valsi — word. lo se valsi — meaning of a word.

zoi sy.parte.sy. valsi zo pagbu lo spano — "parte" means "part" in Spanish language.

Related words: slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni"

vamji — x_{1(entity, property of x2)} is what x_2(entity) is worth of to x_3(entity) for use x_{4(property of x2)}

lo vamji — value. lo se vamji — having value.

lo vi cukta cu se vamji lo barda mi lo nu mi lanli ce'u — This book is worth a lot to me for studying.

lo vi cukta cu se vamji lo ka carmi zanru ce'u — This book is worth high praising.

Related words: jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, kargu, pleji, vajni"

vamtu — x_1(entity) vomits x_2(entity)

lo verba cu vamtu lo pu se citka vo'a — The child vomited what he had eaten.

Related words: rigni, kafke, flu'ente, sputu"

vanbi — x_1(entity) is part of environment x_2(entity)

lo vanbi — part of an environment. lo se vanbi — environment.

lo vanbi cu so'i mei — There are many factors.

lo vanbi be lo vi jufra cu sinxa lo nu lo cusku pu na junri — The context of this sentence is a sign that the author wasn't serious.

Related words: va'o, sruri, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini"

vanci — x_1(entity) happens in the evening of day x_2(entity)

lo vanci — evening.

vanci coi — Good evening!

vanci — It's evening.

ai ca lo vanci be lo bavlamdei mi vitke lo mamta be mi — I'm going to visit my mother tomorrow evening.

Related words: cerni, cermurse, vacmurse, tcika"

vanjba — x_1(entity) is a grape of plant x_2(taxon)

lo vanjba — grape.

ta vasru lo plise e lo vanjba e lo tcilokoiotli e lo drata grute — It contains apples, grapes, pumpkin and other fruits.

Related words: vanju, jbari, grute, tsiju, narge"

vanju — x_1(entity) is some wine from grapes x_2(entity)

lo vanju — wine. lo se vanju — wine grape.

ti vanju lo xunre vanjba — This is wine from red grapes.

Related words: barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra"

vasru — x_1(entity) is a container or vessel containing x_2(entity)

lo vasru — container, vessel. lo se vasru — contents of a vessel, contained.

lo tanxe pu vasru so'i cukta — The box was full of books.

Related words: bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka"

vasxu — x_1(entity) breathes x_2(entity)

lo se vasxu — breathed.

e'u mi'o vasxu su'o lo vifne vacri — Let's breathe some fresh air.

Related words: fepri, kijno, vacri"

vau [1st meaning] — in a clause with one main verb shows the end of that clause

mi jinga vau ui — I won, yay!"

vau [2nd meaning] — in a clause with several main verbs all the sumti after vau are applied to every main verb

mi so'o roi masno cadzu gi'e so'o roi bajra vau to'o lo ckule — Sometimes I walk slowly from the school, sometimes I run away from it."

ve [place converter] — switches 1st and 4th places of verb

le ve pluta cu tordu — The route is short."

ve'a [preposition of group VEhA] — covering some space ...

da lalxu ve'a lo kramu be li re ki'o lo ka mitre — There is a lake covering 2,000 square meters."

ve'e [preposition of group VEhA] — covering the whole space

bu'u lo kumfa ve'e dertu — It's dirty all over the room."

ve'i [preposition of group VEhA] — covering a small space ...

lo tapla poi farlu fi le drudi cu porpi lo ve'i spisa — The tiles that fell from the roof broke into small pieces.

lo va ve'i cmana cu se gacri lo srasu — That hill is covered with grass.

da lalxu ve'i lo kramu be li re bei lo ka mitre — There is a puddle covering two square meters."

ve'o [terminator] — ends a construct started with: vei"

ve'u [preposition of group VEhA] — covering a large space ...

lei verba pu zbasu lo ve'u snime — Children made a snowball.

xu do jibni lo ve'u xamsi — Have you ever been near the ocean?"

vecnu — x_1(entity) sells goods or service x_{2(property of x3)} to x_3(entity) for goods or service x_{4(property of x1)}

lo vecnu — seller, vendor. lo se vecnu — sold. lo ve vecnu — price of something sold.

mi pu te vecnu lo plise lo rupnu be li re — I bought apples for 2 dollars.

mi pu te vecnu lo ka se ctuca fi la lojban ze'a lo cacra be li ci — I bought three hours of Lojban lessons.

mi pu te vecnu lo ka jorne lo kibro — I bought an internet connection.

Related words: canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu"

vedli — x_1(entity) remembers experience x_2(clause)

lo vedli — witness.

mi vedli lo ka kansa la alis bu'u ti — I remember being with Alice at this place.

Comment: morji describes memory of general knowledge (facts, concepts), vedli describes personal experience, autobiographical events, episodic memory.

Related words: morji, lifri"

vei — vei ... ve'o — brackets for math expressions

li vei ci su'i pa ve'o pi'i re du li bi — (3 + 1) x 2 = 8.

li ci su'i pa pi'i re du li mu — 3 + 1 x 2 = 5."

venfu — x_1(entity) takes revenge against x_2(entity) for wrong x_{3(property of x2)} by doing x_{4(property of x1)}

lo te venfu — reason for revenge. lo ve venfu — vengeance (act).

la kevin pu venfu la alis lo ka kusru la kevin vau lo ka cinba la alis re'o lo li'anpi — He took a revenge on Alice being rude to him by kissing her on the cheek.

Related words: sfasa, cnemu"

vensa — x_1(entity) is spring of year x_2(entity) at location x_3(entity)

lo vensa — springtime.

ca lo vensa be lo re no no mu moi bei la australi'as mi pu na zvati lo mi zdani gugde — During Australian winter of year 2005 I wasn't in my home country.

Related words: citsi, crisa, critu, dunra"

verba — x_1(entity) is a child aged x_2(clause) immature in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo verba — child.

lo vi mlatu cu verba lo masti be li ci lo ka ca'o pinxe lo mamta ladru — This cat of three months old is still a kitten since he still drinks mother's milk.

Related words: cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa"

vi [preposition of group VA] — ... space units apart, adverb: near

le prenu cu sanli vi lo mitre be li re ki mi — The man is standing near, only two meters away from me.

lo vi plise cu titla — This apple is sweet.

Comment: ne'a mi means near me. vi specifies the distance, e.g. in meters ."

vi'a [preposition of group VIhA] — throughout an area (in 2-dimensional space)

mi pu litru vi'a le gugde — I travelled across the country.

mi pu klama vi'a le tcadu — I moved around the city."

vi'e [preposition of group VIhA] — throughout a space-time (in 4-dimensional interval)

xu do pensi lo vi'e pixra — Are you thinking of the whole picture?

lo prenu vi'e cenba — People change in time and space."

vi'i [preposition of group VIhA] — along a line (in 1-dimensional space)

ai mi cadzu vi'i le klaji — I'm going to walk along the street."

vi'o [vocative] — will do that, wilco (expresses compliance)

ko lumci le kumfa i vi'o do — Clean the room - Will do."

vi'u [preposition of group VIhA] — throughout a space (in 3-dimensional space)

le fagri pu preja vi'u lo zdani — The fire spread across the building in all directions."

vibna — x_1(entity) is a vagina of x_2(entity)

lo vibna — vagina.

xu ti pixra lo vibna be lo bakni — Is this a picture of a cow's vagina?

Related words: seksi, gletu, nakpinji, plibu, vlagi, mabla"

vidni — x_1(entity) is a screen, video monitor for function x_{2(property of x1)}

lo vidni — screen, video monitor. lo se vidni — function of a screen.

ti vidni lo ka jai gau zgana lo se klani be lo livla — This is the screen for showing the amount of fuel.

Related words: skina, ve tivni"

vidru — x_1(entity) as a virus of species x_2(taxon) capable of infecting x_3(entity)

lo vidru — virus.

ti vidru la rotavirus lo remna — This is Rotavirus that infects humans.

Related words: jurme"

vifne — x_1(entity) is fresh or unspoiled

lo vifne — fresh, unspoiled.

xu lo finpe cu vifne — Is the fish fresh?

Related words: fusra"

vikmi — x_1(entity) excretes waste x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) via x_4(entity)

lo se vikmi — excreted waste, excrement.

lo verba cu vikmi lo pinca lo xadni lo nakpinji — The child excretes the urine from the body via the penis.

Related words: cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne"

viknu — x_1(entity) is viscous, of thick consistency

lo viknu — viscous, thick (viscous).

lo jisra cu viknu — The juice is thick.

Related words: denmi, snipa"

vimcu — x_1(entity) removes or subtracts x_{2(property of x3)} from x_3(entity) leaving x_4(entity)

lo se vimcu — removed. lo ve vimcu — remainder after removal.

no lo ladru cu ve vimcu — No milk left.

mi pu vimcu lo jbari lo torta lo matne — I removed berries from the cake leaving the butter.

Related words: lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika"

vindu — x_1(entity) is poisonous or toxic to x_2(entity)

lo vindu — toxic, poisonous.

lo cakla cu vindu lo gerku — Chocolate is a poison to dogs.

Related words: cidja, since"

vinji — x_1(entity) is an aircraft for carrying x_2(entity)

lo vinji — airplane, aircraft. lo se vinji — cargo of an aircraft, passenger of an aircraft.

mi pu ca'o vofli bu'u lo vinji be lo prenu — I was flying in a passenger's airplane.

Related words: vofli, sabnu"

vipsi — x_1(entity) is a vice in x_{2(property of x1)} to principal x_3(entity)

lo vipsi — subordinate, vice-president, vice-.

la kevin cu vipsi fi mi fe lo ka platu — Kevin is my vice in planning.

Related words: krati, sidju"

virnu — x_1(entity) is brave in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo virnu — brave. lo se virnu — done bravely.

do pu virnu lo ka klama lo nenri be lo jelca dinju — It was brave of you to enter the burning house.

Related words: terpa, darsi"

viska — x_1(entity) sees x_2(entity)

lo se viska — seen.

mi viska lo se skari be lo plise i ri skari lo xunre — I see the color of an apple. The apple is colored red.

mi viska lo tarmi be lo najnimre i ri se tarmi lo cukla — I see the form of an orange. It is round.

mi pu viska lo nu le fetsi cu limna — I saw her swim.

Related words: catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse"

vitci — x_1(entity) is intermittent in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo vitci — irregular, intermittent.

lo bombila cu vitci lo ka te gusni vau gi'e ja'o spofu — The light bulb gives an intermittent light and must be broken.

Related words: ranji, rufsu, suksa"

vitke — x_1(entity) is a guest of x_2(entity)

lo vitke — guest.

mi vitke lo mensi be mi bu'u la moskov — I visited my sister in Moscow.

Related words: friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati"

vitno — x_1(entity) is permanent in property x_{2(property of x1)}

lo vitno — permanent.

lo vi senta be lo dertu cu vitno lo ka bisli — This layer of soil is permanently frozen.

Related words: stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, stali"

vlagi — x_1(entity) is a vulva of x_2(entity)

lo vlagi — vulva.

lo vlagi be lo vi bakni cu jai se bilma — The vulva of this cow has symptoms of a disease.

Related words: seksi, gletu, nakpinji, plibu, vibna, mabla"

vlaste — x_1(text) is a dictionary with words x_2(entity)

lo vlaste — dictionary.

lo se cukta be ti cu vlaste lo lojbo — This book is a Lojban dictionary.

Related words: valsi, liste, slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni"

vlile — x_1(entity) is violent; x₁ is an act of violence

lo vlile — violence.

lo brife pu vlile — It was a storm.

Related words: suksa, jursa"

vlipa — x_1(entity) has the power to bring about x_{2(property of x1)}

lo vlipa — powerful. lo se vlipa — power, might.

no drata be lo mamta be mi cu vlipa lo ka bapli lo nu mi cliva — Only my mother has power to make me leave.

Related words: tsali, jitro, ruble"

vo [digit/number] — 4, four

vo manti ca plipe lo tricu — There are 4 ants climbing the tree."

vo'a [pronoun] — refers to the 1st noun of the main clause of the current sentence

la kevin cu zvati lo zdani be vo'a — Kevin is at home.

la alis cu nelci lo ka tavla vo'a — Alice likes to talk about herself."

vo'e [pronoun] — refers to the 2nd noun of the main clause of the current sentence

mi tavla do ba'e vo'e — I'm talking to you about YOU!"

vo'i [pronoun] — refers to the 3rd noun of the main clause of the current sentence

xu do pu cusku fi mi fe zo'e pe vo'i — Did you say to me something about me?"

vo'o [pronoun] — refers to the 4th noun of the main clause of the current sentence

mi tavla fo la lojban fi vo'o — I'm talking in Lojban about Lojban."

vo'u [pronoun] — refers to the 5th noun of the main clause of the current sentence

mi pu klama fu lo karce fe lo mi patfu noi ta'o pu dunda vo'u mi — I went by car to my father who, by the way, had granted me it."

vofli — x_1(entity) flies using means x_2(entity)

lo toldi cu vofli lo nalci — Butterflies fly using wings.

Related words: cipni, klama, vinji"

voi — turn clause into relative clause just mentioned

lo ca vanci cu pluka i lo tai ditcu voi vanci na cafne — This evening is pleasant. Such time that is this evening doesn't happen often.

Comment: what is mentioned as .... Starts relative clause describing what is known from context or already described."

voksa — x_1(sound) is the voice of x_2(entity)

lo voksa — voice.

lo voksa be lo ninmu cu to'e cladu — The woman's voice is quiet.

Related words: sance, tirna, bacru"

volta — x_1(entity) returns to x_{2(entity, property of x1)} from x_{3(entity, property of x1)}

mi volta lo ka finti lo pemci vau lo ka finti lo prosa — I return to writing poems after writing prose.

mi volta la kaliforni'as la nipon — I returned to California from Japan.

ko jai gau volta fai lo jdini — Return the money.

Related words: trixe, krefu, benji, rapli"

vorme — x_1(entity) is a doorway between x_{2(entity group)}

lo vorme — doorway.

ti du lo vorme poi ve klama lo zarci — This is the doorway to the store.

lo va kevna cu vorme lo re kumfa — That hole is a doorway between the two rooms.

Related words: canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe"

vraga — x_1(entity) is a lever for doing x_{2(property of x1)} with fulcrum x_3(entity) and arm x_4(entity)

lo vraga — lever. lo se vraga — purpose of a lever. lo te vraga — fulcrum of a lever. lo ve vraga — arm of a lever.

lo vi jinci cu vraga lo ka se pi'o ce'u katna lo pelji vau lo midju re da — These scissors is a lever for cutting paper with the fulcrum in the middle and two arms.

Related words: tutci, pulni"

vreji — x_1(entity) is a record of x_2(entity) about x_3(entity) in medium x_4(entity)

lo vreji — record (file), file (record). lo se vreji — recorded information. lo te vreji — information storage medium, data carrier.

ti vreji lo pu se cusku be mi lo skami lo pelji — This is a paper record of what I said in past about computers.

Related words: sorcu, datni, papri"

vreta — x_1(entity) lies, reclines on x_2(entity)

do pu vreta lo ckana ji lo sfofa — Were you lying on the bed or on the sofa?

Related words: cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni"

vrici — x_1(entity) is miscellaneous in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo vrici — miscellaneous, assorted.

i lo vi mlatu cu vrici lo ka skari ma kau — These cats vary in color.

Related words: vrici, klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra"

vrude — x_1(entity) is virtuous in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo vrude — virtuous.

ra vrude lo ka sidju lo prenu — He is virtuous in helping people.

la kevin na ji'e vrude — Kevin isn't moral to such degree.

Related words: palci, xamgu, marde, zabna"

vrusi — x_1(entity) is a taste or flavor of x_2(entity)

lo vrusi — taste, flavor. lo se vrusi — having a taste.

lo vrusi be lo finpe cu carmi — The fish has a strong flavour.

Comment: vrusi can describe a combination of taste and smell.

Related words: kukte, tsapi, cpina, panci"

vu [preposition of group VA] — ... space units apart, adverb: far away

le prenu ca zvati vu ci trene tcana ki mi — The man is now far away, three train stations from me.

Comment: specifies the distance, e.g. in meters ."

vu'e [interjection] — expressing virtue, vu'e nai — expressing sin

ie vu'e sarcu fa lo nu le tcadu cu se daspo — It's my virtue, I agree that the city should be destroyed.

mi djica vu'e nai lo nu do na cliva — My sin, I don't want you to leave.

ui vu'e nai mi pu citka lo titla poi mi pu zekri lebna — Yay, I ate a candy that I had stolen.

Related words: vrude, zungi"

vu'o [terminator] — ends place consisting of several nouns so that a relative clause or an interjection can be put after it making it apply to the whole place

zo oi e zo ua vu'o poi do pu cusku cu srana xu lo jibri be do — Are "Ouch" and "Eureka" that you said related to your job?"

vu'u — minus, subtraction operator (symbol — in math)

li pa pa vu'u bi du li ci — 11 - 8 = 3."

vy [pronoun] — v (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like vy is for the last lo vacri used."

vy bu [pronoun] — w (letter)"

xa [digit/number] — 6, six

xa cipni ca vofli — There are 6 birds flying."

xa'o [preposition of aspect] — already, starting before the expected beginning (infraperfective aspect)

mi pu xa'o citka lo torta — I ate a cake too early.

ue do ti xa'o zvati — Wow, you are already here."

xabju — x_1(entity) dwells or lives in x_2(entity)

lo xabju — inhabitant. lo se xabju — home.

do xabju ma noi gugde — What country do you live in?

do xabju ma noi tcadu — What city do you live in?

Comment: a synonym to se zdani.

Related words: ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke"

xadba — x_1(entity) is half of x_{2(same type as x1)}

lo xadba — 1/2_, half.

mi pu katna lo plise lo xadba — I cut the apple in half.

Related words: mulno, pagbu"

xadni — x_1(entity) is a body or corpse of x_2(entity)

lo xadni — body (corpse).

lo xadni be lo ninmu cu clani — The woman's body is long.

Related words: menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne"

xagji — x_1(entity) is hungry for x_2(entity)

lo xagji — hungry.

mi xagji lo rectu — I am hungry for meat.

Related words: cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske"

xagri — x_1(entity) is a pipe, reed musical instrument

lo xagri — reed instrument, pipe, oboe, saxophone, clarinet. lo se xagri — reed (of a musical instrument).

le nixli pu zgipli lo xagri — The girl was playing the pipe.

Related words: zgike"

xajmi — x_{1(entity, text)} is funny to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo xajmi — funny.

lo verba gerku cu xajmi mi lo ka plipe tai ma kau — The puppet seems funny to me in how it jumps.

Related words: bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile"

xaksu — x_1(entity) consumes or uses up x_2(entity)

lo xaksu — consumer. lo se xaksu — consumed.

lo karce cu xaksu lo so'i livla — The car consumes a lot of fuel.

Related words: citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe"

xalbo — x_1(entity) is frivolous about x_{2(property of x1)}

lo xalbo — frivolous, non-serious.

mi pu xalbo lo ka stidi lo nu ra gidva mi'o — I wasn't serious in suggesting that he guides us.

Related words: junri, linto"

xalka — x_1(entity) is a quantity of alcohol of components x_2(entity)

lo xalka — alcohol.

ti xalka lo se zbasu be fi lo vanjba — This is alcohol made of grapes.

Related words: birje, jikru, vanju"

xalni — x_1(entity) panics about x_2(clause)

lo xalni — alarmist, panic-monger. lo se xalni — panic situation.

le fetsi pu xalni lo ka da'i nai pu se cinba lo fange nanmu — She panicked when she was kissed by an unfamiliar man.

Related words: ckape, snura, terpa, xanka"

xamgu — x_1(entity) is good for x_2(entity)

lo xamgu — good (beneficial).

ba zi ku mi se xamgu — Soon I'll be okay.

lo plise cu xamgu lo nu kanro i ji'a le plise cu kukte — Apples are good for your health, and, in addition, they taste great.

Related words: melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna"

xampo — x_1(entity) is x_2(number) amperes

lo vi minji cu xampo li re — This machine has a current of 2 amperes.

Related words: letri, flu'ente, centi"

xamsi — x_1(entity) is a sea or ocean at place x_2(entity)

lo xamsi — sea.

ti xamsi lo berti — This is a northern sea.

Related words: daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru"

xance — x_1(entity) is a hand of x_2(entity)

lo xance — hand.

lo xance be do cu jai pluka fai lo ka se palpi — Your hand is pleasant to the touch.

Related words: birka, degji, jitro, xlura, jamfu, tamji"

xanka — x_1(entity) worries about x_2(clause)

lo xanka — nervous, anxious. lo se xanka — nervous situation.

mi xanka lo nu do kanro se la'u ma kau — I am concerned for your health.

Related words: xalni, terpa, raktu"

xanri — x_1(clause) is imaginary to x_2(entity)

lo xanri — imaginary event.

mi na kakne lo ka se xanri lo nu mi sazri lo trene — I can't imagine myself driving a train.

Related words: fatci, senva, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidbo"

xanto — x_1(entity) is an elephant of species x_2(taxon)

lo xanto — elephant.

lo xanto cu se ke clani nazbi — Elephants have long noses.

Related words: mabru, barda"

xarci — x_{1(entity, property of x3)} is a weapon for use against x_2(entity) used by x_3(entity)

lo xarci — weapon.

lo ka dunda lo titla cu xarci lo verba lo makcu — Giving sugar sweets is a weapon against children used by grown-ups.

Related words: jenmi, sonci, catra"

xarju — x_1(entity) is a pig of species x_2(taxon)

lo xarju — pig.

xu lo xarju cu simsa lo remna — Are pigs similar to humans?

Related words: mabru, cange"

xarnu — x_1(entity) stubbornly opposes x_2(entity) about x_3(clause) ; x₁ is obstinate

lo xarnu — obstinate.

le nakni cu xarnu lo mamta lo ka na volta lo zdani — He was obstinate in front of his mother in not returning home.

le fetsi ca xarnu fi lo ka jinvi ma kau — She is obstinate in her opinion.

Related words: tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro"

xasli — x_1(entity) is a donkey of species x_2(taxon)

lo xasli — donkey.

lo xasli ne se mau lo xirma cu tsali — Donkeys are stronger than horses.

Related words: xirma, kumte"

xasne — x_1(entity) is sweat from x_{2(entity) (entity)}

lo xasne — sweat. lo te xasne — sweat gland.

lo xasne be ra cu se cigla ti — His sweat is secreted by these glands.

Related words: pinca, vikmi, cigla"

xatra — x_1(entity) is a letter to x_2(entity) from x_3(entity) with content x_4(text)

lo xatra — letter (message). lo se xatra — recipient of letter. lo te xatra — sender of a letter. lo ve xatra — contents of a letter.

ti xatra la alis mi lo se du'u mi prami la alis — This is a letter to Alice from me where I as saying I loved her.

Comment: lo notci is any message. xatra emphasizes the communication between author and recipient, the content of the letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject'.

Related words: notci, ciska, mrilu, papri"

xatsi — x_1(entity) is 10^-18 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo vi vidru cu xatsi lo grake lo ka tilju — Weight of the virus is 1 attogram.

Related words: centi"

xau [preposition from se xamgu] — for ..., for the benefit of ...

mi mo'u tsuku xau do — I arrived for you.

Comment: beneficiary case tag."

xazdo — x_1(entity) is Asian in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo xazdo — Asiatic.

le tcaci cu steci lo gugde poi xazdo — The custom is specific to Asian countries.

Related words: friko, jungo, rusko, ropno"

xe [place converter] — switches 1st and 5th places of verb

mi xebni lo kibro xe mrilu — I hate internet mail system."

xebni — x_1(entity) hates or despises x_2(clause)

mi xebni lo ka zgana ro nu do se tasmi lo simsa — I hate seeing you like this.

Related words: djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci"

xecto — x_1(entity) is a hundred of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo xecto — 100_, hundred.

lo rirxe cu xecto lo mitre lo ka condi — The river is 100 meters deep.

Related words: centi"

xedja — x_1(entity) is a jaw of x_2(entity)

lo xedja — jaw.

mi pu carmi cmila i ja'e bo mi na ru'e jai se torni lo xedja — I was laughing so hard that I nearly dislocated my jaw.

Related words: stedu"

xei [digit/number] — hex digit E (decimal 14), fourteen

mi ba cliva de'i li cy xei — I will leave at 2pm."

xekri — x_1(entity) is black

lo xekri — black.

nandu fa lo nu tolcri lo xekri mlatu bu'u lo manku kumfa — It's hard to find a black cat in a dark room.

Related words: blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu"

xendo — x_1(entity) is kind to x_2(entity) in doing x_{3(property of x1)}

lo xendo — kind (generous), warm-hearted. lo te xendo — act of kindness.

ra pu xendo mi lo ka dunda lo sanmi mi — He was kind to me in providing me with the meal.

Related words: cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru"

xenru — x_1(entity) regrets x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

lo se xenru — regretted.

do ba xenru lo ka lazni — You will regret your laziness.

Related words: u'u, zungi"

xexso — x_1(entity) is 10¹⁸ of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo xexso be lo snidu bei lo ka ditcu cu gigdo lo nanca be li ji'i ci re bei lo ka ditcu — 1 exasecond is approximately 32 billion years.

Related words: centi"

xi [subscript] — subscript prefix, attaches a numeral to a pronoun, preposition, place converter or a verb word giving new meanings

mi se xi ba'e pa prami la kevin — I love (love!) Kevin (not that he loves me).

mi do se xi vei pa je re prami — I love you, and you love me.

fa xi xo'e mi fa xi xo'e do viska — You, I see (maybe you see me, maybe I see you, context will tell).

Comment: se xi re is the same as se, se xi ci is the same as te. se xi pa just emphasizes the normal order of places as if there wasn't se xi pa put here."

xindo — x_1(entity) is Hindi in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo xindo — belonging to Hindi.

le uenzi cu xindo — The text is in Hindi."

xinmo — x_1(entity) is some ink of color x_2(entity) used by writing device x_3(entity)

lo xinmo — ink. lo se xinmo — color of ink. lo te xinmo — ink pen.

lo mi penbi co'a te xinmo fi no da — My pen has run out of ink.

ti xinmo lo blanu — This is blue ink.

Related words: penbi"

xirma — x_1(entity) is a horse of species x_2(taxon)

lo xirma — horse.

le grusi xirma pu'i sutra — The gray horse is fast.

Related words: sufti, xasli, kumte"

xislu — x_1(entity) is a wheel of vehicle x_2(entity)

lo xislu — wheel. lo se xislu — wheeled.

i xu do mo'u cikre lo xislu — Have you fixed the wheel?

Related words: carce, karce, pulni, tutci"

xlali — x_1(entity) is bad for x_2(entity)

lo xlali — bad.

lo nu lo speni be mi cu bilma cu xlali da'i mi — An illness of my spouse would be bad for me.

Related words: palci, mabla, xamgu, betri"

xlura — x_1(entity) lures or influences x_2(entity) into x_{3(property of x2)}

do pu xlura sa'u mi lo ka te vecnu lo vi dinju vau ta'i lo ka jai gau cenba fai lo jdima — You just lured me into buying this house by changing the price.

Related words: djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, magneti"

xo [digit/number] — asks for the digit or number (that should go into the place to which xo is put)

xo prenu ba zvati le nu penmi — How many people will be present at the meeting?

lu do nanca li xo li'u lu pa ci li'u — "How old are you?" "Thirteen.""

xo'e [digit/number] — a number unspecified or known from context

re xo'e prenu pu zvati le kumfa — 20 - 29 people were present in the room.

Related words: tu'o, xo, zo'e, co'e, do'e"

xo'o [interjection suffix] — verbal irony, xo'o nai — I mean it! (sincerely)

je'u xo'o do ne se mau djuno — Yes, of course, you know better (sarcastically)!

xo'o nai sai do pu se la'u li rau gunka — With full sincerity, I can tell you that you worked enough.

Comment: For xo'o the intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used, in xo'o nai it explicitely marks the intended meaning as matching the words. Sarcasm isn't necessarily implied."

xotli — x_1(entity) is a hotel or inn

lo xotli — hotel.

la uestern poi xotli cu zvati ma — Where is "Western" hotel?

Related words: barja, gusta"

xrabo — x_1(entity) is Arabic in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo xrabo — Arabic.

lo mi pendo cu xrabo — My friend is Arabic."

xrani — x_1(entity) injures x_2(entity)

lo nanla pu xrani lo cidni be lo nei ja'e lo nu ri cortu — The boy injured his knee so that it hurt.

lo jalge be lo nu xrani cu ckape — The injury is dangerous.

Related words: cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi"

xriso — x_1(entity) is Christian in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo xriso — Christian.

le nanmu pu klama lo malsi be lo xriso — The woman went to a Christian temple.

Related words: jegvo, lijda"

xruba — x_1(entity) is some buckwheat of species x_2(taxon)

lo xruba — buckwheat.

bu'u la nipon lo prenu cu citka lo xruba nudle — In Japan people like eating buckwheat noodles.

Related words: spati"

xruki — x_1(entity) is a turkey of species x_2(taxon)

lo xruki — turkey.

xu do pu su'o roi citka lo xruki — Have you ever eaten turkey?

Related words: cipni"

xrula — x_1(entity) is a flower of plant or species x_2(taxon)

lo xrula — flower.

lo vi xrula cu rozgu — This flower is a rose.

Comment: synonym to flora.

Related words: spati"

xu [interjection] — true-false question, xu nai — false-true question

xu do pu djuno — Did you know?

xu nai do pu djuno — Didn't you know?"

xukmi — x_1(entity) is the chemical x_2(entity) with purity x_{3(property of x1)}

lo xukmi — chemical.

lo vi djine cu xukmi lo solji li pi mu bi mu — This ring is 58.5% pure gold (58.5 out of 100 parts is pure gold).

Related words: curve, cidro, marna, nimre"

xunre — x_1(entity) is red

lo xunre — red.

ko dunda lo xunre cukta mi — Give me the red book.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu"

xusra — x_1(entity) claims, asserts that x_{2(proposition)} is true

lo xusra — claimant. lo se xusra — claim.

lo se mau djuno cu mau xusra — Who knows more claims less.

xu do xusra lo du'u lo terdi cu carna lo solri — Are you asserting that the Earth goes round the Sun?

Related words: natfe, nupre"

xutla — x_1(entity) is smooth

lo xutla — smooth.

lo djacu cu simlu lo ka xutla tai lo blaci — The water looks smooth as glass.

Related words: plita, rufsu, tengu, dikni, pinta, sakli, spali"

xy [pronoun] — x (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like xy is for the last lo xendo used."

y — Err, hesitation noise

mi te vecnu lo vi plise e y lo vu perli — I'm buying these apples and, umm, the pears over there.

Comment: maintains the floor while speaker decides what to say next."

y bu [pronoun] — y (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like y bu is for the last la yrl used."

y'y [pronoun] — ' (apostrophe; letter)"

za [preposition of group ZI] — (time units) ... ago, in ... (time units), adverb: some time ago (unspecified or known from context), in some time

mi ba volta za lo djedi be li ci — I will return in three days.

Related words: zi, za, zu"

za'a [interjection] — I observe

oi nai za'a melbi tcima — Oh, what a nice weather.

za'a lo aftobuso cu jai lerci — Apparently, the bus is late.

za'a cladu bu'u lo bartu — I can hear the loud sound outside.

ja'o carmi carvi — So it must be raining heavily.

Comment: za'a is for expressing external experience, se'o is for expressing internal experience.

Related words: zgana, lanli"

za'e [left interjection] — marks the following construct as nonce (made up for this specific context) or as used not in its usual meaning

mi pu za'e derpi i va'i mi pu cusku lo se bebna — I "derped". In other words, I said something stupid.

Related words: ba'e, za'e"

za'o [preposition of aspect] — lasting after the expected end (superfective aspect)

mi pu za'o citka lo titla ba lo nu mi mo'u citka lo mi sanmi — I kept eating candies after my meal was over."

za'u [digit/number] — greater than ... (number follows); by default denotes plural number

le za'u verba ca'o citka le kumfa — The children are eating in the room.

za'u lo prenu pu'o klama — More people are about to come.

xu do djica za'u lo djacu — Do you want more water?"

za'u re'u [preposition] — adverb: again

e'o do za'u re'u cusku — Could you repeat that?"

zabna — x_1(entity) is superb, admirable in x_{2(property of x1)}

lo zabna — superb, admirable.

i lo jisra cu zabna lo ka se tasta — The juice is superb in taste.

ra zabna lo ka se sance — Her voice is cool.

Related words: mabla, xamgu, funca, vrude, banli"

zajba — x_1(entity) is a gymnast performing x_{2(property of x1)}

lo zajba — gymnast. lo se zajba — gymnastic feat.

ra zajba lo ka rilti muvdu — He is a rhythmic gymnast.

Related words: sluji, dansu"

zalvi — x_1(entity) grinds x_2(entity) into powder x_3(entity)

lo te zalvi — powder produced by grinding.

mi'a zalvi lo maxri lo purmo — We grind wheat into flour.

Related words: daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, canre, molki"

zanru — x_1(entity) approves of x_2(clause)

mi zanru lo se platu be do — I approve of your plan.

Related words: natfe"

zarci — x_1(entity) is a market selling x_2(entity)

lo zarci — market (trading site).

lo zarci be lo rectu co'u akti de'i li cy vo — The butchery closes at 4 o'clock.

Related words: vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa"

zargu — x_1(entity) is a buttock of x_2(entity)

lo zargu — buttocks.

le ninmu mo'u batci lo zargu be le nanmu se pi'o lo xance — She pinched his buttocks with a hand.

Related words: ganxo, mabla"

zasni — x_1(entity) is temporary in property x_{2(property of x1)}

lo zasni — temporary.

lo vi dinju ba zasni lo ka mi xabju — I will temporarily live in this building.

Related words: vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo, stika, stali, tcini, vitke"

zasti — x_1(entity) exists or is real to x_2(entity) under metaphysics x_{3(proposition)}

lo zasti — existing.

do zasti mi lo se senva be mi — You are real for me in my dreams.

Related words: fatci, xanri"

zbabu — x_1(entity) is some soap_(entity)

lo zbabu — soap.

lo vi zbabu cu se zbasu fi lo jilka joi lo grasu joi lo djacu — This soap is made of alkali, fat and water.

Related words: lumci, fonmo"

zbani — x_1(entity) is a bay of coast x_2(entity)

lo zbani — bay. lo se zbani — coast, shore.

ti zbani lo tumla pe la nipon — This is a coast of the Japanese land.

Related words: lalxu, xamsi"

zbasu — x_1(entity) makes or assembles x_2(entity) from parts x_3(entity)

lo zbasu — assembler.

zbasu lo cirla lo ladru — Cheese is made from milk.

xu do mo'u zbasu le dinju — Have you finished building the house?

Related words: cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi"

zbepi — x_1(entity) is a pedestal, stand supporting x_2(entity)

lo zbepi — pedestal, stand.

ti zbepi lo tansi — This is a stand for the pan.

Related words: jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli"

zdani — x_1(entity) is a home of x_2(entity) ; x₂ inhabits x₁

lo zdani — home. lo se zdani — inhabitant.

lo zdani be mi cu zdani be do — My home is your home.

Related words: dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju"

zdile — x_1(clause) is amusing to x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo zdile — amusing. lo se zdile — amused.

lo verba mlatu cu zdile mi lo ka tai ma kau plipe — The kitten is amusing in how it jumps.

Comment: lo xajmi is funny.

Related words: cinri, panka, kelci"

ze [digit/number] — 7, seven

li cy ze tcika ti — It's 7 o'clock."

ze'a [preposition of group ZEhA] — during ... , adverb: for some time (unspecified or known from context)

mi pu ze'a sipna — I slept for a while.

Related words: ze'i, ze'a, ze'u, ze'e"

ze'e [preposition of group ZEhA] — eternally

mi ba ze'e prami do — I will always love you.

mi ze'e prami do — I loved, love and will love you.

Related words: ze'i, ze'a, ze'u, ze'e"

ze'ei — being put before two words creates a word with the meaning of the word to the left and the grammar of the word to the right

panpi ze'ei coi — Peace to you! (as a greeting).

Comment: binds two arbitrary words together to form a nonce word whose semantics are indicated by the left word and whose grammar is the same as that of the right word. Useful for creating function words without having to allocate experimental cmavo forms.

Related words: zei"

ze'i [preposition of group ZEhA] — during ... (a short time), adverb: for a short time

ai mi ze'i sipna — I'm going to take a nap (to sleep for a short time).

Related words: ze'i, ze'a, ze'u, ze'e"

ze'o [preposition of place] — across, outwards, beyond ...

da tricu ze'o le rirxe — There is a tree across the river."

ze'u [preposition of group ZEhA] — during ... (a long time), adverb: for a long time

mi pu ze'u sipna ba lo ka citka — I took a long nap after eating.

Related words: ze'i, ze'a, ze'u, ze'e"

zei — makes one single word out of two

loi certu pu pilno lo xy zei kantu — Experts used X-rays.

Related words: ze'ei"

zekri — x_1(clause) is a crime to x_2(entity)

lo zekri — crime.

xu lo nu catra lo mabru cu zekri do — Is killing mammals a crime to you?

Related words: flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, javni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe"

zenba — x_1(entity) increases in x_{2(property of x1)} by amount x_3(entity)

lo zenba — increasing.

mi zenba lo ka se cfipu vau lo mutce — My confusion increased a lot.

e'o do zenba lo ka masno lo ka tavla i e'o do tavla masno zenba — Would you please speak more slowly?

Related words: jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina"

zepti — x_1(entity) is 10^-21 of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

xa no re selci be lo marji cu zepti lo molro lo ka se canlu — One zeptomole (zmol) of substance contains 602 particles.

Related words: centi"

zetro — x_1(entity) is 10²¹ of x_{2(same type as x1)} in x_{3(property of x1)}

lo djacu po lo xamsi be lo terdi cu zetro lo litce be li ji'i pa pi vo lo ka se canlu — The volume of seawater in the Earth's oceans is approximately 1.4 zettalitres (ZL).

Related words: centi"

zgana — x_1(entity) observes x_2(entity) using sense x_{3(property of x1)}

lo zgana — observer, spectator.

mi zgana ko — Show yourself.

mi zgana lo zgike e lo skina — I'm listening to the music and watching a movie.

mi zgana lo tcini lo ka tirna — I'm monitoring the situation by listening.

le ctuca pu jai se zgana fai lo ka zvati lo barja — The teacher was spotted in a bar.

Related words: ga'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu"

zgike — x_1(sound) is music performed by x_2(entity)

lo zgike — music.

lo zgike be lo za'u na cladu — The music of birds isn't loud.

Related words: damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu"

zgipli — x_1(entity) plays on a musical instrument x_2(entity) music x_3(entity)

lo zgipli — musician. lo se zgipli — musical instrument.

do certu lo ka zgipli lo flani lo melbi — You are a pro in playing beautiful melodies on the flute.

Related words: zgike, pilno"

zi [preposition of group ZI] — recently, soon

mi ba volta ba zi lo cacra be li pa — I will return soon, in an hour.

gau mi do ba djuno ba zi lo nu mi tsuku — I will inform you as soon as I arrive.

Related words: zi, za, zu"

zi'e [connective for relative clauses] — and

le prenu poi pu tavla do zi'e noi blondine cu bruna mi vau ue pei — The man that talked to you and who is blond is my brother, surprised?

Comment: in Modern Lojban dialects a simple je is used instead of this word.

Related words: je, e, gi'e"

zi'evla — x_1(text) is a zi'evla

lo zi'evla — zi'evla.

zo zigzagi zi'evla — zigzagi is a zi'evla word.

Comment: zi'evla is a type of Lojban verb defined by the form of the word.

Related words: selbrivla, gismu, lujvo, cmavo"

zi'o [pronoun] — marks the place as deleted from the place structure, not applicable thus forming a new verb

zi'o traduki zo coi zoi gy.hello!.gy. — coi is translated as "Hello!"

loi jmive cu se zbasu zi'o lo selci — Living beings are made from cells.

Comment: a place marked with zi'o becomes irrelevant."

zifre — x_1(entity) is at liberty or free to do or be x_{2(property of x1)}

lo zifre — free to ... (at liberty).

mi zifre lo ka zukte lo se nelci be mi — I am free to do what I like.

Related words: pinfu, rinju, bilga, permite, kakne, frili"

zigzagi — x_1(entity) is a line with the shape of a zigzag

lo zigzagi — zigzag.

lo pluta be lo cmana pu zigzagi — The route to the mountain zigzagged.

Related words: boxna, linji"

zildukse — x_1(entity) is in excess, is too much for x_{2(property of x1)} to take place

lo zildukse — excess.

lo nu mi tatpi cu zildukse lo nu mi sidju do — I'm too tired to help you.

Related words: bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu"

zinki — x_1(entity) is a quantity of zinc

lo zinki — zinc.

le cidja cu vasru lo zinki — The food contains zinc.

Related words: jinme"

zirpu — x_1(entity) is purple

lo zirpu — purple, violet.

lo taxfu cu zirpu — The dress is purple.

Related words: skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, blanu, xunre"

zivle — x_1(entity) invests resources x_2(entity) into x_{3(entity, property of x1)} expecting profit x_4(entity)

lo zivle — investor. lo se zivle — invested. lo ve zivle — interest (financial).

ra pu zivle lo jdini lo ka sidju lo cnino sanga — He invested money in a new singer.

ai mi zivle lo nejni lo ka prami do vau lo nu do prami mi — I take a chance on loving you so that you will love me.

Related words: prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse"

zmadu — x_1(entity) exceeds or is more than x_2(entity) in x_{3(property of x1 and x2 with kau)} by amount x_4(entity)

lo zmadu — more. lo se zmadu — less.

ra zmadu mi lo ka tilju vau lo ki'ogra be li pa no — He weighs ten more kilograms than I do.

Related words: mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, zildukse, traji"

zmiku — x_1(entity) is automatic in function x_{2(property of x1)}

lo zmiku — robot, automatic. lo se zmiku — function of a robot.

lo vorme ci zmiku lo ka co'a kalri — The door opens automatically.

Related words: macnu"

zo — turn verb into noun that is a quote

zo gleki cmene mi — Gleki is my name.

Comment: zo and one single Lojban word after it make a quotation, it works as a noun. To quote compound particles, compound verbs and phrases use lu ...li'u. To quote arbitrary sequences of words use lo'u ... le'u.

Related words: zoi, la'o, zo, lu ... li'u, lo'e, lo'u, mu'oi"

zo'a [preposition of place] — alongside, by the side of ...

mi pu cliva lo karce zo'a le malsi — I left the car by the side of the temple."

zo'e [pronoun] — noun unspecified or known from context

zo'e carvi — It's raining.

la edvard pu cusku zo'e ne le pa gerku — Eduard said something about the dog."

zo'ei — something about ..., something associated with ...

mi pu na djuno zo'ei le nabmi — I didn't know of the problem.

Comment: equivalent to zo'e pe.

Related words: tu'a"

zo'i [preposition of place] — on this side of ...

mi sanli bu'u lo klaji zo'i le muzga — I'm standing on the street on this side of the museum.

mi zutse lo lalxu korbi zo'i le laldo cindu — I'm sitting by the river on this side of the old oak."

zo'o [interjection suffix] — Kidding... (humorously), zo'o cu'i — that might be either serious or a joke, zo'o nai — seriously

zo'o pei — Are you kidding?

e'u zo'o renro la kevin lo vi kevna — Let's throw Kevin into this hole (kidding ...).

mi kakne lo ka plipe fi lo ve'i cmana vau zo'o cu'i — I might be able to jump from the hill.

zo'o nai do fanza — Seriously, you are annoying.

Related words: xajmi, junri"

zo'u — separates topic and comment

lo danlu zo'u mi nelci lo mlatu — As for animals, I like cats.

vo da poi gerku vau re de poi prenu zo'u da batci de — There are four da (that are dogs) and there are two de (that are men) such that each dog (da) bites the two men (de).

Related words: zoi, la'o, zo, lu ... li'u, lo'e, lo'u, mu'oi"

zoi — turn foreign text into noun that is a quote

lu coi ro do li'u se traduki fi zoi gy.hello, everyone!.gy. noi glico — coi ro do is translated to English as "Hello, everyone!"

Comment: quotes a text that can be not Lojbanic. The quotation is to be wrapped with pauses from both sides and with an additional Lojbanic word around them from both sides (this word must not be used within the text quoted). Usually the separating Lojbanic word is the first letter of the language in the quotation.

Related words: zoi, la'o, zo, lu ... li'u, lo'e, lo'u, mu'oi"

zu [preposition of group ZI] — long ago, in a long time

la alis pu cliva zu lo nanca be li pa no — Alice left ten years ago (a long time).

Related words: zi, za, zu"

zu'a [preposition of cardinal direction] — to the left of ..., adverb: leftwards

ko catlu lo pa karce pe zu'a do — Look at a car to the left of you."

zu'ai [pronoun] — shows mutual activity between this place and the first place of the current clause

mi tavla do lo mlatu i je do tavla mi lo mlatu i va'i mi jo'u do tavla zu'ai lo mlatu — I talk to you about cats, and you talk to me about cats. In other words, we talk to each other about cats.

do jo'u la alis jo'u mi tavla zu'ai — You, Alice and I talk to each other.

do jo'u mi jo'u la alis pu damba zu'ai — You, I and Alice had a battle royale.

Comment: the mass of members is described in the first place (e.g. by connecting nouns with ce)."

zu'e [preposition from zukte] — with an actor ..., adverb: via a free will

ko jai zu'e tirna mi — Listen to me!

zu'e ko viska le pixra — Look at the picture!

zu'e nai je fa mi viska lo dinju — A building caught my eye.

zu'e je fa mi tirna lo zgike — I listened to the music.

Comment: the clause describes the event done by the actor."

zu'i [pronoun] — noun typical for this place

mi pu penmi zu'i bu'u zu'i — I met the usual people at the usual place."

zu'u [interjection] — on the one hand, zu'u nai — on the other hand

zu'u le jufra cu satci lo ka se smuni — On the one hand, the sentence is exact in meaning.

zu'u nai se la'u li du'e clani — On the other hand, it is too long.

Related words: tcemi, frica, dukti"

zukcfu — x_1(entity) is busy doing x_{2(property of x1)} for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo zukcfu — busy.

mi zukcfu lo ka jai gau bredi fai lo cidja vau lo ka jai gau citka fai le gerku be mi — I am busy preparing food to feed my dog.

Related words: zukcfu, surla"

zukte — x_1(entity) takes action x_{2(property of x1)} for purpose x_{3(property of x1)}

lo zukte — actor. lo se zukte — action taken. lo te zukte — purpose of action.

i mi zukte lo me mi moi tu'a lo me mi moi — I'm doing my own work for myself.

xu do ca'o zukte lo cipra — Are you performing a test?

mi zukte lo ka darxi le nakni — I intentionally hit him.

mi ba zukte ro da lo nu do nelci mi — I would do everything so that you like me.

Comment: lo zukte is who do something themselves, lo gasnu is agent who causes something.

Related words: zu'e, gasnu, snuti, bapli, gunka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci"

zumri — x_1(entity) is some corn or maize of species x_2(taxon)

lo zumri — maize.

mi sombo lo samcu e lo zumri — I plant yams and maize.

Related words: gurni"

zungi — x_1(entity) feels guilty about x_{2(clause, property of x1)}

mi zungi lo ka pu smusku lo jitfa — I feel guilty about having told a lie.

Related words: u'u, cinmo, xenru, zekri"

zunle — x_1(entity) is to the left of x_2(entity) in frame of reference x_3(entity)

lo zunle — left (in direction).

lo dinju cu zunle lo rokci ti — The house is to the left of the rock if viewed from here.

Related words: zu'a, pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna"

zunti — x_1(entity) interferes with or disrupts x_2(entity) due to x_{3(property of x1)}

lo se zunti — hindered, disrupted.

lo gerku cu zunti lo nu mi lumci lo kumfa vau lo ka plipe — The dog leaping hinders me from cleaning the room.

Related words: fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo"

zutse — x_1(entity) sits on x_2(entity)

e'a do zutse lo stizu — You may sit down on the chair.

Related words: stizu, cpana, vreta"

zvati — x_1(entity) is present at x_2(entity)

lo sivni kumfa cu zvati ma — Where is the toilet?

mi pu zvati lo nu penmi — I was at the meeting.

Comment: stuzi is for a stable/inherent location. cabna is time equivalent of zvati

Related words: stuzi, jbini, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, jundi, vitke"

zy [pronoun] — z (letter)

Comment: can also refer to the last noun with the verb starting with this letter like zy is for the last lo zvati used.