gismu Brochure: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:50, 4 November 2013

gismu~--~Lojban Root Words

gismu are the basic roots for the Lojban language. These roots were selected based on various criteria:

occurrence or word frequency in other languages
usefulness in building complex concepts

and a few, like the words "gismu," "cmavo," and "lujvo," are included as uniquely Lojbanic concepts that are basic to this language.

Each gismu is exactly five letters long, and

has one of two consonant-vowel patterns: -+CVCCV+- or

-+CCVCV+- (e.g. rafsi or bridi). The gismu are built

so as to minimize listening errors in a noisy environment. A gismu has at least two combining forms, known as rafsi. One is the gismu itself; one is the gismu with the final vowel

deleted. Certain gismu have additional, shorter

rafsi assigned. Up to three of these shorter rafsi may be assigned to a gismu, depending on frequency of usage of the gismu in building complex concepts and on

availability of these shorter rafsi. Short rafsi use only certain combinations of letters from

the gismu, and are of the forms

-+CCV+-, -+CVC+-, and -+CVV+- or

-+CV'V+-.

List of Lojban Root Words~--~le gi'uste{ANAME()}gihuste{ANAME}

The list of Lojban root words (gismu)

contains about 1350 words. Included in the list are around 50 structure

words (cmavo) that have assigned affixes (rafsi).

Each definition contains the following elements:

the gismu
the corresponding rafsi (if any) in square brackets

the English keyword
optional memory tags

the definition proper: x{SUB()}1{SUB}...x{SUB()}5{SUB} mark the sumti positions
optional comments and cross-references

A sample definition: ;bakfu baf bundle ; 'pack':x{SUB()}1{SUB} is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack

jbocre: shape/form containing x{SUB()}2{SUB}, held together by x{SUB()}3{SUB} (cf. daski, dakli, tanxe)

he whole list -- plaintext (359kb)
he whole list -- Spanish text (200kb)

eywords for oblique places of gismu (88kb)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-These are all in the "proposed" stage. If you use them as listed here, you will likely be understood, but they do not necessarily canonically conform to Lojban grammar at this time.
+== ''gismu''~--~Lojban Root Words ==
-vasru ... nenjrkalyris. = x1 contains x2 number of calories
+''gismu'' are the basic roots for the Lojban language. These roots were selected based on various criteria:
-vasru loi ... poi ... grake = x1 contains nutrient x2 (sodium, sugar, fat, etc.) in quantity x3 grams; x1 contains x3 grams of x2
+* occurrence or word frequency in other languages
+* usefulness in building complex concepts
-vasru = x1 contains possibly unwanted ingredients x2
+* and a few, like the words "''gismu''," "''cmavo''," and "''lujvo''," are included as uniquely Lojbanic concepts that are basic to this language.
-nurto'e = x1 is allergic to food/environmental hazard x2 with severity/risk/danger x3
+Each ''gismu'' is exactly five letters long, and
-mlivu'ecti = x1 is vegetarian with cause x2
+has one of two consonant-vowel patterns: -+CVCCV+- or
-vu'ecti = x1 is vegan with cause x2
+-+CCVCV+- (e.g. ''rafsi'' or ''bridi''). The ''gismu'' are built
-citkrkocr. = x1 keeps kosher
+so as to minimize listening errors in a noisy environment. A ''gismu'' has at least two combining forms, known as ''rafsi''. One is the ''gismu'' itself; one is the ''gismu'' with the final vowel
-ka'octi = x1 is on a diet known as x2 that avoids foods x3 to prevent health condition x4
+deleted. Certain ''gismu'' have additional, shorter
-xamgu = x1 is acceptable for consumption by dietarily-restricted group x2 by standard x3; x1 is hypoallergenic, vegetarian, vegan, kosher, etc.
+''rafsi'' assigned. Up to three of these shorter ''rafsi'' may be assigned to a ''gismu'', depending on frequency of usage of the ''gismu'' in building complex concepts and on
+availability of these shorter ''rafsi''. Short ''rafsi'' use only certain combinations of letters from
+the ''gismu'', and are of the forms
+-+CCV+-, -+CVC+-, and -+CVV+- or
+-+CV'V+-.
+=== List of Lojban Root Words~--~''le gi'uste''{ANAME()}gihuste{ANAME} ===
+The list of Lojban root words (''gismu'')
+contains about 1350 words. Included in the list are around 50 structure
+words (''cmavo'') that have assigned affixes (''rafsi'').
+Each definition contains the following elements:
+* the ''gismu''
+* the corresponding ''rafsi'' (if any) in square brackets
+* the English keyword
+* optional memory tags
+* the definition proper: x{SUB()}1{SUB}...x{SUB()}5{SUB} mark the ''sumti'' positions
+* optional comments and cross-references
+A sample definition: ;''bakfu'' [[jbocre: baf|baf]] bundle ; 'pack':x{SUB()}1{SUB} is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack
+[[jbocre: shape/form]] containing x{SUB()}2{SUB}, held together by x{SUB()}3{SUB} (cf. ''daski'', ''dakli'', ''tanxe'')
+* [http://www.lojban.org/publications/wordlists/gismu_english_order.txt he whole list -- plaintext] (359kb)
+* [http://www.lojban.org/publications/wordlists/gismu_spanish.txt he whole list -- Spanish text] (200kb)
+* [http://www.lojban.org/publications/wordlists/oblique_keywords.txt eywords for oblique places] of ''gismu'' (88kb)

gismu Brochure: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:50, 4 November 2013

gismu~--~Lojban Root Words

List of Lojban Root Words~--~le gi'uste{ANAME()}gihuste{ANAME}

Navigation menu

Search