BPFK Section: Realis Attitudinals

.a'a (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express attentiveness / payment-of-attention / heed / concentration. (cf. jundi, re'i)

.a'a .i ko di'a co'e .i ba ku ma fasnu

Aha, go on, what happened next?

.a'a cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express inattentiveness / distraction / non-payment of attention / heedlessness. (cf. nalju'i, re'i nai)

.a'a cu'i ko denpa lo nu mi mulgau ti

Eh, just a second, let me finish this.

.a'a nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express avoidance / evasion / dodging. (cf. rivbi)

.a'a nai mi na tirna. (cf. rivbi)

La, la, la, I'm not listening.

.a'e (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express alertness / awareness / enthusiasm / liveliness / eagerness / readiness. (cf. cikna, sanji)

.a'e le cabdei ba xamgu djedi

Today is going to be a good day!

.a'e nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express exhaustion / tiredness / weariness / fatigue / lassitude / prostration / burnout (cf. tatpi)

.a'e nai mi klama lo ckana

Yaaaawn... I'm going to bed.

.a'u (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express interest / curiosity / concern / preoccupation. (cf. selci'i, kurji)

.a'u ma ba'o se lifri do

What happened to you?

.a'u cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express disinterest / uninterest / unconcern / apathy / detachment / indifference. (cf. nalselci'i)

.a'u cu'i na cuntu mi

That's none of my business.

.a'u nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express repulsion / aversion / disgust / distaste / repugnance. (cf. selrigni)

.a'u nai ta panci simsa lo kalci

Yuck, that smells like shit!

.i'a (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express acceptance / acknowledgement / admission / assent / consent / acquiescence / conformity / satisfaction (cf. selmansa, nalpro, no'epro, nalzugjdi, fi'i)

.i'a ta banzu

Okay, that will do.

.i'a nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express refusal / rejection / eschewal / resistance / dissatisfaction / blame / incrimination / inculpation (cf. tolselmansa, fi'i nai)

.i'a nai ta mi za'o na mansa

No, that still doesn't satisfy me.

.i'e (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express approval / endorsement / sanction / support / approbation / favor / praise / applause / acclaim. (cf. zanru)

.i'e do xautce gunka

Very good! You did an excellent job.

.i'e cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express neither approval nor disapproval / impartiality / neutrality / nonpartisanship / objectivity. (cf. nutli, norzau)

.i'e cu'i lo cmaci ka'e cfipu lo co'a ve ckule

Speaking objectively, math can be confusing for 1st graders.

.i'e nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express disapproval / criticism / disapprobation / disfavor / opposition / condemnation / reprobation. (cf. tolzau)

.i'e nai le pixra cu korcu dandu

Hm, the picture is hanging crooked.

.i'i (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express togetherness / unanimity / communion / unity / comradeship / camaraderie / conviviality / gregariousness / sociability (cf. gunma, kansa)

.i'i mi ba jinga

Yay! We're gonna win!

.i'i mi mi'ecpe lo se pleji nu zenba

We demand a raise!

.i'i nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express privacy / aloofness / privateness / isolation / solitude / seclusiveness / reclusiveness / secrecy / retirement / withdrawal (selsivni, sepli)

.i'i nai ko cliva

Go away, I want to be alone!

.i'o (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express appreciation / recognition / valuation / thanks / gratitude. (cf. ckire)

.i'o do je'a pendo

Ah, you're a true friend.

.i'o nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express envy / jealousy / resentment / bitterness (cf. jilra)

.i'o nai do ro roi se funca lo zabna

Damn you, you always have good luck!

.i'u (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express familiarity / acquaintanceship / recognition / conversance / grasp / ken / knowledge. (cf. selsau, nalselni'o, kufra, djuno)

.i'u mi ta xabju ze'a lo nanca be li so'i

Yes, I lived there for many years.

.i'u nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express unfamiliarity / ignorance / unknowingness / mystification / mystery. (cf. termipri)

.i'u nai no da sidbo fi mi lo du'u pleji ma kau fo ta

I have no idea how much they are paying for that.

ii (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express fear / alarm / anxiety / fright / horror / panic / terror / apprehension / dread / phobia. (cf. terpa)

ii le tirxu cu xruti

Oh, no! The tiger is back!

ii nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express security / safeness / invulnerability (cf. snura)

ii nai le ctuca na ba tolcri mi'o ti

Heh, the teacher won't find us here.

io (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express respect / regard / courtesy / consideration / deference / homage / kudos / recognition / obeisance / obligingness / veneration / reverence / civility / urbanity / gallantry / politeness / friendliness / affability / corteousness / cordiality / complaisance / solicitude. (cf. sinma, clite, ga'i nai)

io ko mi jersi doi nolnau

This way, Sir, if you please.

io nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express disrespect / contempt / discourtesy / scorn / impertinence / insolence / impoliteness / irreverence / derision / disparagement / disdain. (cf. tolsi'a, ga'i)

io nai ko ti klama doi bebna

Get your ass over here, you idiot!

iu (UI1)

Attitudina.: Used to express love / esteem / adoration / worship / devotion / affection / fondness / sympathy (cf. prami, pendo)

iu do melbi

You're beautiful.

iu nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express hatred / abhorrence / antipathy / bitterness / detestation / hate / loathing / odium (cf. xebni)

iu nai do palci

You're evil.

.o'a (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express pride / dignity / self-confidence / smugness / bravado / grandiloquence / pomposity / cockiness / conceit / arrogance. (cf. jgira, ga'i)

.o'a ju'i mamta mi kakne lo nu tcidu

Look Mummy, I can read!

.o'a cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express modesty / humility / humbleness / discreetness / meekness / unpretentiousness / reserve (cf. cumla, ga'i nai)

.o'a cu'i ba'e mi lumci pi su'o po'o le loldi

Oh, *I* mopped only some part of the floor.

.o'a nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express shame / abashment / embarrassment / humiliation / mortification (cf. ckeji)

.o'a nai mi mrilu le notci lo srera noigri

Oops, I posted the message to the wrong newsgroup.

.o'e (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express intimacy / closeness / affinity / sympathy / rapport. (cf. cnijbi, cnikansa)

.o'e mi do ba kansa lo nu vitke lo mikce

I'll go with you to see the doctor.

.o'e nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express distance / aloofness / coldness / antipathy. (cf. cnida'o)

.o'e nai doi dirba mi to'e cinmo

Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn.

.o'i (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express caution / carefulness / prudence / vigilance. (cf. seljde, capyrivbi, capfanta, srerivbi, srefanta, naldarsi)

.o'i le loldi cu se sakli

Careful! The floor is slippery.

.o'i nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express rashness / audacity / dauntlessness / temerity / recklessness / imprudence / impetuosity / impulsiveness / overconfidence. (cf. darsi)

.o'i nai ko gunta

Charge!

.o'o (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express patience / forbearance / leniency / benevolence / indulgence / magnanimity. (cf. xendo, de'acni)

.o'o ko za'u re'u troci

Ok, try again.

.o'o cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express tolerance / open-mindedness / moderation / fairness / reasonableness / mildness (cf. racli, to'ersteba)

.o'o cu'i ma pu mukti fi do

So, what drove you to do it?

.o'o nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express anger / annoyance / exasperation / fury / rage / impatience / indignation / irascibility / irritation / outrage / vexation / wrath / ire / intolerance. (cf. fengu)

.o'o nai lo xanto cu fanta lo nu mi pagre

Damn, the elephants are blocking my way!

.o'u (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express relaxation / leisure / repose / peacefulness / serenity / calmness / placidity / tranquility / quietude (cf. surla)

.o'u ti zabna se lifri

Ah, this is the life!

.o'u cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express composure / aplomb / balance / equanimity / imperturbability / nonchalance / sobriety / stability / phlegm. (cf. cnilanxe)

.o'u cu'i mi pu tinbe lo selfla

I followed the law.

.o'u nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express stress / anxiety / anguish / chagrin / distress / tension / worry. (cf. dunku)

.o'u nai le mi bersa cu zvati ma

Where is my son?

.oi (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express displeasure / discomfort / pain / discontentment / frustration / complaint / protestation. (cf. pante)

.oi mi cortu le kanla

Ouch! My eyes hurt.

.oi nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express pleasure / comfort / contentment / delectation / delight / gratification / relish / enjoyment (cf. selpu'a, kufra)

.oi nai glare cakla

Mmm, hot chocolate!"

.u'a (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express gain / triumph / success (cf. jinga, selne'u, prali)

.u'a la'e di'u je'urja'o lo du'u mi pu drani

Hah, that proves I was right!

.u'a nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express loss / desolation / melancholy / disconsolation / lamentation / mourning (cf. cirko)

.u'a nai la rover pu xamgu gerku

Snif, Rover was a good dog.

.u'e (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express wonder / admiration / amazement / awe / marvel / astoundment (cf. selmanci)

.u'e ze prenu cu zvati

Wow, there are seven people here!

.u'e le va gerku cu mutce stati

Wow, that dog is really talented!

.u'e nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express that something is commonplace / humdrum / unexceptional / prosaic (cf. tolselmanci, fadni)

.u'e nai xu ta xagrai lo se kakne be do

Pshaw, is that the best you can do?

.u'i (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express amusement / hilarity / merriment / mirth / laughter (cf. selzdi, selxajmi, xalbo)

.u'i ta cusku zo ganxo

Heh, heh, he said "arsehole".

.u'i nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express weariness / boredom / tediousness / tedium / ennui (cf. tolselzdi)

.u'i nai banzu ca le cabdei

Yawn, that's enough for today.

.u'o (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express courage / boldness / bravery / valor / daring (cf. virnu)

.u'o mi do pu'o nurgau

I'm coming to your rescue!

.u'o cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express timidity / shyness / unassertiveness / inhibition / timorousness (cf. jikterpa)

.u'o cu'i xu mi zifre lo nu stali

Erm, may I stay here?

.u'o nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express cowardice (cf. tolvri)

.u'o nai mi na nerkla ta

Oh no, I'm not going in there.

.u'u (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express repentance / regret / contrition / remorse / guiltiness (cf. xenru, zugycni)

.u'u mi pu na jundi

Sorry, I wasn't paying attention.

.u'u cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express innocence / blamelessness / clear conscience / righteousness / naïveté (cf. nalselra'u)

.u'u cu'i mi zukte no da

I didn't do anything!

.u'u nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express lack of regret / remorselessness / defiance / spite / provocation / unrepentance (cf. talsa)

.u'u nai mi pu zi stapa le do jamfu i do ba zukte ma

Yeah, I just stepped on your foot. What are you going to do about it?

ua (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express discovery / realization / recognizance / recollection / understanding (cf. facki)

ua ba'e ta do mensi

Ah, so *that*'s your sister.

ua nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express confusion / searching / disorientation / befuddlement / perplexity / puzzlement / bewilderment (cf. cfipu, sisku, ki'a)

ua nai la'e di'u vajni fi ma

Huh? How is that relevant?

ue (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express surprise / astonishment / unexpectedness / shock / stupefaction. (cf. selspaji)

ue ta lenku

Oo, that's cold!

ue cu'i (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express indifference / impassiveness / insensitivity / unresponsiveness / oblivion / not being really surprised (cf. norselspaji)

ue cu'i ma cnino

So what's new?

ue nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express expectation / expectedness / confirmation. (cf. tolselspaji)

ue nai ro da pu prane

Everything was perfect, just as I expected.

ui (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express happiness / joy / glee / bliss / delight / ecstasy / exultation / jubilation / cheerfulness (cf. gleki)

ui mi pu klama le zarci

Yay, I went to the store!

ui nai (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express unhappiness / sadness / sorrow / depression / gloominess / woe / heartache / anguish (cf. badri)

ui nai ti pu melbi jarbu

Sigh, this used to be a nice neighbourhood.

uo (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express completion / achievement / consummation / fulfillment / accomplishment / termination / culmination (cf. snada, mulno, mansa, fanmo)

uo di'u clani jufra

Pfew, that was a long sentence!

uo nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express incompleteness / deficiency / lack / insufficiency (cf. fliba)

uo nai do tu na ru'e darxi

Oh, you almost hit it.

uu (UI1)

Attitudinal. Used to express pity / kindness / mercy / gentleness / compassion / sensitiveness (cf. kecti)

uu mi ba dunda lo boxfo do

Oh you poor thing! I'll get you a blanket.

uu nai (UI*1)

Attitudinal. Used to express cruelty / callousness / hardheartedness / insensibility / insensitiveness / mercilessness / ruthlessness / unkindness / malice / evilness / wickedness (cf. kusru)

uu nai mi ba ponse lo do pruxi

Mwa, ha, ha, ha, ha! Your soul will be mine!

||

| ja'ai | cu'i | nai

.a'a | jundi | nalju'i | rivbi

.a'e | cikna | | tatpi

.a'i | troci | selfrili | cando

.a'u | selci'i | nalselci'i | selrigni

.i'a | selmansa | | tolselmansa

.i'e | zanru | nutli | tolzau

.i'i | gunma | | selsivni

.i'o | ckire | | jilra

.i'u | selsau | | termipri

.ii | terpa | | snura

.io | sinma | | tolsi'a

.iu | prami | | xebni

.o'a | jgira | cumla | ckeji

.o'e | cnijbi | | cnida'o

.o'i | seljde | | darsi

.o'o | xendo | racli | fengu

.o'u | surla | cnilanxe | dunku

.oi | pante | | selpu'a

.u'a | jinga | | cirko

.u'e | selmanci | | tolselmanci

.u'i | selzdi | | tolselzdi

.u'o | virnu | jikterpa | tolvri

.u'u | xenru | nalselra'u | talsa

.ua | facki | | selfi'u

.ue | selspaji | norselspaji | tolselspaji

.ui | gleki | | badri

.uo | snada | | fliba

.uu | kecti | | kusru

||

Notes

• iu cu'i was removed from the list because the keyword "no love lost" was too confusing, its meaning is fairly obvious anyway, and no usage was found.

• .u'u cu'i and .u'u nai were interchanged.

Section Issues

• he realis/irrealis distinction has been rather hotly debated over the years. It is my ( Lindar ) opinion that the reality/irreality of the UI is dependent upon the reality/irreality of the jufra, and can be indicated with da'i/da'inai or some other kind of marker. This way ni'o .a'o mi klama can mean I hope I go. in one instance and I'm going, about which I feel hopeful. for another, rather than being restricted to one meaning.

• he +nai meanings could use some review and cementing.]
• xplicit UI linking?

Poll

{POLL(pollId=>23)}BPFK Poll: Realis Attitudinals{POLL}