Láadan Lessons For Beginners

Have you always wanted to learn Láadan, but been intimidated by the technical talk in the hard-copy lesson book? Well, this set of lessons is just for you. Written to be easily understood, with a step-by-step format, these lessons will introduce you to Láadan painlessly.

A copy of the course published on http://www.laadanlanguage.org/

Lesson One - Things You Need To Know For Learning Láadan

The Sounds of Láadan

<tab class=wikitable> a as in fAther and cAlm e as in bEll and bEst i as in bIt and bIg o as in hOme and hOpe u as in sOOn and mOOn th as in THink and THree, two letters, but just one sound zh as in pleaSure and garaGe, two letters, but just one sound sh as in SHine and SHare, two letters, but just one sound b, d, h, l, m, n, r, w, y for speakers of English, these sounds (and /th/, /zh/, /sh/) are pronounced as in English. lh a sound English doesn't have, made by pressing your tongue against the roof of your mouth, drawing back the corners of your mouth the way you would for a smile, and then saying "sh." </tab>

Tone

An accent mark over a vowel (or, when your keyboard doesn't offer accents, a vowel that's a capital letter) means that the vowel has high tone.

For English speakers, this means that you should give the high-toned vowel slightly higher pitch and a bit more emphasis. The word "wáa" has a sound-pattern like English "UH-oh!" The word "waá" has a sound-pattern like English "AhA!"

Láadan Grammar Facts

1. Láadan has two kinds of words: content words, and function words.
   • Content words are words like "house" and "cat" and "eat" and "run."
   • Function words are words like "of" and "and."
2. Most Láadan content words can be used as both verbs and nouns.
   • This is like the way any English verb ("swim," for example) can be used as a noun if you add the "-ing" morpheme to it, as in "Swimming is fun."
   • Notice that in Láadan you don't have to add anything to the word to make it a noun or a verb.
   • Definition: A morpheme is any part of a word that has a meaning of its own and cannot be divided into smaller parts. For example, the English word "walking" has two morphemes: the morpheme "walk," which can be used all by itself, and the morpheme "-ing," which cannot stand alone.
3. Láadan doesn't have any words like English "a, an, the."
4. In Láadan, verbs and adjectives are the same class of words, and they are only one class, the way conjunctions or pronouns are only one class of words in English.
   • The word for "red" can mean the name of the color red, or it can mean "to be red." Which means that in Láadan you don't need "is/are" or any other form of "be" in sentences like "Roses are red" and "Jane is a linguist" and "This is the bus stop."
5. Láadan has a group of function words called Speech Act words.
   • For example, the word "Bíi" means "I say to you as a statement," while the word "Báa" means "I say to you as a question."
   • English can do the same thing; we can say "I ask you" and "I promise you" and "I warn you," and so on. The difference between the two languages is that in Láadan the Speech Act words are required, while in English they're optional.
   • A Speech Act word will always be the first word in a Láadan sentence.
   • Note: We'll be discussing Speech Act words in more detail as we go along.
6. Láadan has a group of function words called "evidentials" that English doesn't have; many other languages do have them.
   • An evidential tells you why the speaker feels justified in claiming that the words being said are true.
   • For example, "wa" means "The reason I claim that what I'm saying is true is that I have perceived it myself" and "wi" means "The reason I claim that what I'm saying is true is because it's self-evident; everybody can perceive that it's true, or everybody is in agreement that it's true."
   • The evidential will always be the last word in a Láadan sentence, and -- unlike the situation in English -- it's required to be there.
   • Note: We'll be discussing evidentials in more detail as we go along.

Lesson Two - Athid, Sha, Thad And The Dragon Are Going To The Con

Vocabulary

	Athid	Person's name
	Sha	Person's name
	Thad	Person's name
	óowamid	dragon
	hi	this
	sháad	go; come
	buzh	convention; "con"
	bil	fun
	bíi	I say to you, as a statement
	wa	The reason I claim that what I'm saying is true is that I have perceived it myself
	ril	a word used to indicate present time
	aril	a word used to indicate future time
	-hóo	a morpheme that is used to indicate special importance, or to give a word or phrase extra emphasis
	-di	a morpheme that means "to," as in "I walked to the house."

Sentences

1.

Bíi hi Athid wa. This is Athid.

• NOTE: All we need in this sentence is the Speech Act word at the beginning of the sentence, the evidential at the end, and "THIS/ATHID" in between. We don't need a word for "is" and we don't need one for "a."

2.

Bíi hi Sha wa. This is Sha.

3.

Bíi hi Thad wa. This is Thad.

4.

Bíi hi óowamid wa. This is a dragon.

5.

Bíi ril sháad Athid buzhedi wa. Athid is going to the con.

6.

Bíi ril sháad Sha buzhedi wa. Sha is going to the con.

7.

Bíi ril sháad Thad buzhedi wa. Thad is going to the con.

8.

Bíi ril sháad óowamid buzhedi wa. The dragon is going to the con.

9.

Bíi aril bilehóo buzh wa! The convention will be fun!

Láadan Grammar Facts

1. Láadan doesn't allow "consonant clusters." That is, it doesn't let any two consonant sounds follow one right after the other (except for a very few words in which B is followed by R).

To keep sequences of two consonant sounds from happening, you put an "e" between them.

So, when you add "-di" [the ending meaning "to"] to "buzh" [the word for "convention" or "con"], you have to put an "e" between those two pieces to separate the consonant sound/zh/ from the consonant sound /d/.

That's why "to the con" is "buzhedi" instead of just "buzhdi." "Buzhdi" could not be a Láadan word.

By contrast, the Láadan word for "desert" is "shée". Since "shée" ends in a vowel sound, "to the desert" is just "shéedi," without any need for an inserted "e."

1. In the same way, Láadan doesn't allow "vowel clusters" -- two vowels in a row -- and it inserts an "h" to keep that sequence from happening.

So, if you add the plural morpheme "me-" at the beginning of the word "eb" [which means to buy or sell] the result has to be "meheb." The "h" is added to separate the first vowel/e/ from the second one.

Note: Two vowels together are allowed if one of them has high tone. So "áa" and "aá" are both allowed, without any need for an inserted "h".

Pattern Practice

Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate ending to the Láadan word that follows the sentence.

Example:

Bíi ril sháad óowamid buzhedi wa.

"The dragon is going to the con."

1. Bíi ril sháad óowamid _____________ wa. [to the cave; cave -- bethud]

2. Bíi ril sháad óowamid _____________ wa. [to the forest; forest -- olin]

3. Bíi ril sháad óowamid _____________ wa. [to the town; town -- miwith]

4. Bíi ril sháad óowamid _____________ wa. [to the spaceship; spaceship -- yo]

Lesson Three - For The Con, You Need A Suitcase

Vocabulary

	imedim	suitcase
	thi	have
	boó	three
	be	he, she, it
	-th	a morpheme that means "This is the direct object in this sentence."

Sentences

1. Bíi ril thi Athid imedimeth wa.

"Athid has a suitcase."

2. Bíi ril thi Sha imedimeth wa.

"Sha has a suitcase."

3. Bíi ril thi óowamid imedimeth boó wa.

"The dragon has three suitcases."

4. Bíi ril thi be imedimeth wa.

"She [or he, or it] has a suitcase."

5. Bíi ril thi be imedimeth boó wa.

"It [or she, or he] has three suitcases."

Láadan Grammar Facts

1. Direct objects are the items in a sentence that things happen to; they answer "what" and "who" and "which" questions. In "Thad bought a book in the dealer's room," for example, buying is what happened and it was a book that the buying happened to. And "a book" is the answer to the question "What did Thad buy in the dealer's room?"

In Láadan, you have to put the morpheme "-th" at the end of direct objects.

And -- because "-th" is a consonant -- if the last sound in the word or phrase for the direct object is a consonant, you have to put an "e" between the word and the "-th." So, when you mark "imedim" as a direct object by adding "-th," the result will be "imedimeth."

1. If you need to specify exactly how many there are of something, you can do that in Láadan by putting a number right after the word for that something.

So "imedim boó" means "three suitcases." "óowamid boó" would mean "three dragons."

Pattern Practice

Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate ending to the Láadan word that follows the sentence.

Example:

Bíi ril thi Athid imedimeth wa.

"Athid has a suitcase."

1. Bíi ril thi Athid __________ wa. [a book; book -- áabe]

2. Bíi ril thi Athid __________ wa. [a cup; cup -- ni]

3. Bíi ril thi Athid __________ wa. [a bed; bed -- dahan]

4. Bíi ril thi Athid __________ wa. [a beer; beer -- webe]

Lesson Four - Asking Questions

Vocabulary

	em	yes
	ra	no; not
	ne	you
	Báa	I say to you as a question; I ask you

Sentences

1. Question: Báa ril sháad Athid buzhedi? Answer: Em.

"Is Athid going to the con?" "Yes."

2. Báa ril sháad Sha buzhedi? Em.

"Is Sha going to the con?" "Yes."

3. Báa ril sháad óowamid buzhedi? Em.

"Is the dragon going to the con?" "Yes."

4. Báa ril thi Athid imedimeth? Em.

"Does Athid have a suitcase?" "Yes."

5. Báa ril thi Sha imedimeth? Em.

"Does Sha have a suitcase?" "Yes."

6. Báa ril thi óowamid imedimeth? Ra -- imedimeth boó wa!

"Does the dragon have a suitcase?" "No -- three suitcases!"

7. Báa ril sháad ne buzhedi? Em.

"Are you going to the con?" "Yes."

8. Báa ril sháad ne buzhedi? Ra.

"Are you going to the con?" "No."

9. Báa ril thi ne imedimeth? Em. [Or Ra.]

"Do you have a suitcase?" "Yes." [Or "No."]

Láadan Grammar Facts

1. The reason there's no evidential at the end of the questions above is because questions don't offer information and claim that it's true; questions ask for information.
2. In an ordinary conversation you wouldn't have to keep constantly repeating your Speech Act words and time words and evidentials; you'd only need to include them in your sentences if things changed and you needed a different one, or if it was important to you to include them. This is why it's okay to just say "Em" or "Ra" as the answer to a yes/no question.

However, if for some reason you wanted to make it clear that you were saying "yes" or "no" based on your own perceptions, you would say "Em wa" or "Ra wa."

Pattern Practice

Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate ending to the Láadan word that follows the sentence.

Example:

Báa ril sháad ne buzhedi?

"Are you going to the con?"

1. Báa ril sháad ne ___________? [to the hotel; hotel -- both]

2. Báa ril sháad ne ___________? [to the moon; moon -- óol]

3. Báa ril sháad ne ___________? [to the ocean; ocean -- mela]

4. Báa ril sháad ne ___________? [to the room; room -- shod]

Lesson Five - Getting To The Con

Vocabulary

	le	I
	yuloma	wing
	mazh	car; automobile
	shin	two
	-nan	a morpheme meaning "by means of"; it indicates what is used to do something
	-wáan	a morpheme meaning "the reason for which something is done"
	wi	an evidential meaning "The reason I claim that what I'm saying is true is because it's self-evident; everybody can see that it's true, or everybody is in agreement that it's true."

Sentences

1. Sha: "Bíi ril sháad le buzhedi mazhenan wa."

"I'm going to the con by car."

2. Athid: "Bíi ril sháad le buzhedi mazhenan wa."

"I'm going to the con by car."

3. Thad: "Bíi ril sháad le buzhedi mazhenan wa."

"I'm going to the con by car."

4. Óowamid: "Bíi ril sháad ra le buzhedi mazhenan wa. Ril sháad le buzhedi yulomanan wa."

"I'm not going to the con by car. I'm going by wing."

Note: When you have sentences like this one right after the other from the same speaker, the Speech Act word doesn't have to be repeated in every sentence. It would always be correct to repeat the Speech Act word, which means that if you're not sure what to do it's safe to include it; but it doesn't have to be there.

5. Sha: "Báa bebáawáan?"

"Why?" That is: "For what reason?"

6. Óowamid: "Bíi ril thi ra Sha yulomath wi. Thad ril thi ra yulomath wi. Athid ril thi ra yulomath wi. Ril thi le yulomath shin wi!"

"Sha doesn't have a wing. Thad doesn't have a wing. Athid doesn't have a wing. I have two wings!"

Láadan Grammar Facts

1. To make a sentence negative, put "ra" right after the verb.

For example: "Bíi ril sháad le buzhedi wa" means "I'm going to the con"; "Bíi rilsháad ra le buzhedi wa" means "I'm not going to the con."

1. The word for "why" -- "bebáawáan" -- has three parts.
   1. It starts with the pronoun "be" for "it," which refers to the reason why.
   2. Next comes "-báa-," which marks it as a question word.
   3. It ends with a morpheme [called a "case marker"] that makes its role in the sentence clear. It ends with "-wáan," which means "the reason for which something is done.

Pattern Practice

Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate ending to the Láadan word that follows the sentence.

Example:

Bíi ril sháad be buzhedi mazhenan wa.

"He's going to the con by car." [Or "She's going," or "It's going."]

1. Bíi ril sháad be buzhedi _________ wa. [by boat; boat -- esh]

2. Bíi ril sháad be buzhedi _________ wa. [by train; train -- memazh]

3. Bíi ril sháad be buzhedi _________ wa. [by plane; plane -- zhazh]

Lesson Six - Talking About Going To The Con

Vocabulary

	di	say; speak; talk
	eril	a word used to indicate past time
	i	and

Sentences

1. Bíi eril di Athid wa, "Ril sháad le buzhedi wa!"

Athid said, "I'm going to the con!"

2. Bíi eril di Sha wa, "Ril sháad le buzhedi wa!"

Sha said, "I'm going to the con!"

3. Bíi eril di Thad wa, "Ril sháad le buzhedi wa!"

Thad said, "I'm going to the con!"

4. Bíi eril di óowamid wa, "I ril sháad lehóo buzhedi wa!"

The dragon said, "And I'm going to the con!"

Láadan Grammar Facts

1. When you're quoting somebody else's words, you don't have to put a Speech Act word at the beginning of the quoted words unless it's different from the one at the beginning of your own sentence.

That is, when you start with "Bíi" and quote somebody else, you don't have to repeat "Bíi"at the beginning of their words.

However, if you start with "Bíi" and then quote somebody else's words that start with someother Speech Act word, it has to be there.

For example: "Bíi eril di Athid wa, 'Báa ril sháad Thad buzhedi?'" is how you would say that Athid asked whether Thad is going to the con.

Pattern Practice

Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate ending to the Láadan word that follows the sentence.

Example:

Bíi eril di Athid wa, "Báa ril sháad ne buzhedi?"

Athid said, "Are you going to the con?"

1. Bíi eril di Athid wa, "Báa ril sháad ne ________?" [to the beach; beach --sheshihoth]

2. Bíi eril di Athid wa, "Báa ril sháad ne ________?" [to the road; road -- weth]

3. Bíi eril di Athid wa, "Báa ril sháad ne ________?" [to the dance; dance --amedara]

4. Bíi eril di Athid wa, "Báa ril sháad ne ________?" [to the forest, to the woods; forest, woods -- olin]

Lesson Seven - At The Hotel

Vocabulary

	wida	carry
	yide	hungry
	hihath	now; right now
	both	hotel
	me-	plural morpheme used at the beginning of verbs and words that correspond to English adjectives
	-ha	morpheme used to indicate where something or someone is located

Sentences

1. Bíi ril Athid botheha wa.

"Athid is at the hotel."

2. Bíi ril Sha botheha wa.

"Sha is at the hotel."

3. Bíi ril Thad botheha wa.

"Thad is at the hotel."

4. Bíi ril óowamid botheha wa.

"The dragon is at the hotel."

5. Bíi eril mewida Athid i Sha i Thad imedimeth wa.

"Athid and Sha and Thad carried a suitcase."

6. Bíi eril wida óowamid imedimeth boó wa.

"The dragon carried three suitcases."

7. Bíi ril meyide hihath Athid, Sha, Thad i óowamid wa.

"Now Athid, Sha, Thad, and the dragon are hungry."

Láadan Grammar Facts

1. To make a verb plural -- that is, to indicate that more than one subject is involved -- just put"me-" at the very beginning of the verb.

The rule is the same if the word you're using would be an adjective in English. So, for example, the Láadan word for "blue" is "leyi"; and the way to say "The suitcases are blue" in Láadan is "Bíi ril meleyi imedim wa."

Notice that you don't have to make any change in the word "suitcase" -- only in the word "blue."

1. When the evidential "wa" is used at the end of a sentence that is about someone's internal state -- like being hungry or thirsty or sleepy or bored, for example -- it means that the speaker has actually heard that person say something like "I'm hungry" or "I'm thirsty," or has seen the person do something that unambiguously carries that meaning.

Pattern Practice

Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate ending to the Láadan word that follows the sentence.

Example:

Bíi ril wida Athid webeth wa.

"Athid is carrying a beer."

1. Bíi ril wida Athid _________ wa. [a book; book -- áabe]

2. Bíi ril wida Athid _________ wa. [a camera: camera -- ridadem]

3. Bíi ril wida Athid _________ wa. [a cat; cat -- rul]

4. Bíi ril wida Athid _________ wa. [an apple; apple -- doyu]

Lesson Eight - Athid, Sha, Thad And The Dragon Are In The Bar

Vocabulary

	yod	eat
	rilin	drink
	rilinehoth	bar
	ana	food
	lalom	sing
	lom	song
	bezh	they [2 to 5]
	webe	beer
	wáa	an evidential, meaning "The reason I claim that what I'm saying is true is because I trust the source for my information."

Sentences

1. Bíi ril Athid i Sha i Thad rilinehotheha wáa.

"Athid and Sha and Thad are in the bar."

2. Bíi ril óowamid rilinehotheha wáa.

"The dragon is in the bar."

3. Bíi ril merilin bezh webeth wáa.

"They are drinking beer."

4. Bíi ril meyod bezh anath wáa.

"They are eating food."

5. Bíi ril melalom bezh lometh wáa.

"They are singing songs."

Láadan Grammar Facts

1. The pronoun "be" ("he, she, it") refers to just one individual or item. To make it plural, you add either "-zh," for two to five, or "-n," for more than five.

Pattern Practice

Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate ending to the Láadan word that follows the sentence.

Example:

Bíi ril merilin bezh webeth wáa.

"They are drinking beer."

1. Bíi ril merilin bezh _________ wáa. [juice; juice -- éeb]

2. Bíi ril merilin bezh _________ wáa. [lal; milk -- lal]

3. Bíi ril merilin bezh _________ wáa. [tea; tea -- zhu]

4. Bíi ril merilin bezh _________ wáa. [water; water -- ili]

Lesson Nine - Sha Has A Panel At The Con

Vocabulary

	alehala	to make art
	bama	angry [for a reason, but not something that can be blamed on anybody and not something that it's possible to do anything about]
	dihomedal	panel
	eth	to be about [as in "a book about birds"]
	Dóo	"Well...."
	néde	to want
	íi	also; too

Sentences

1. Bíi ril thi Sha dihomedaleth wa.

"Sha has a panel."

2. Bíi aril eth dihomedal alehala wa.

"The panel will be about making art."

3. Bíi ril thi ra óowamid dihomedaleth wa.

"The dragon doesn't have a panel."

4. Bíi ril bama óowamid wa.

"The dragon is angry."

5. Bíi ril di óowamid, "Dóo, ril néde lehóo dihomedaleth íi wa!"

"The dragon says, 'Well, I want a panel too!"

Láadan Grammar Facts

1. In Láadan, emotions (like joy and sadness and anger) have a number of different forms. We will be discussing the forms one at a time as we learn them.

Pattern Practice

Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate ending to the Láadan word that follows the sentence.

Example:

Bíi ril néde le dihomedaleth wa.

"I want a panel."

1. Bíi ril néde le _________ wa. [a cape; cape -- rimáayo]

2. Bíi ril néde le _________ wa. [a comb; comb -- don]

3. Bíi ril néde le _________ wa. [a guitar; guitar -- lalen]

4. Bíi ril néde le _________ wa. [a rocking chair; rocking chair -- lolin]

Lesson Ten - The Dragon Has A Sales Table At The Con

Vocabulary

	áabe	book
	dínídin	toy
	eb	sell; buy
	losh	money
	menedebe	many, a lot
	dalehebewan	sales table
	lezh	we (five or fewer)
	id	and-then

Sentences

1. Bíi ril thi óowamid dalahebewaneth buzheha wa.

"The dragon has a sales table at the con."

2. Bíi aril eb óowamid áabeth menedebe wa.

"The dragon will sell many books."

3. Bíi aril eb be dínídineth menedebe wa.

"It will sell many toys."

4. Bíi id aril thi óowamid losheth menedebe wa!"

"And then the dragon will have a lot of money!"

Láadan Grammar Facts

1. For the Pattern Practice section below, remember that you only have to make the verbplural. You don't need to make any change in the form of the nouns that list the items "we" will be selling.

Pattern Practice

Complete the following sentences by adding the appropriate ending to the Láadan word that follows the sentence.

Example:

Bíi aril meheb lezh doyuth menedebe wa.

"We will sell a lot of apples."

1. Bíi aril meheb lezh _________ menedebe wa. [boats; boat -- esh]

2. Bíi aril meheb lezh _________ menedebe wa. [cradles; cradle -- lulin]

3. Bíi aril meheb lezh _________ menedebe wa. [computers; computer --shinehal]

4. Bíi aril meheb lezh _________ menedebe wa. [games; game -- shida]

Pattern Practice Answers

Lesson 1:

No practice pattern.

Lesson 2:

1. Bíi ril sháad óowamid bethudedi wa.

2. Bíi ril sháad óowamid olinedi wa.

3. Bíi ril sháad óowamid miwithedi wa.

4. Bíi ril sháad óowamid yodi wa.

Lesson 3:

1. Bíi ril thi Athid áabeth wa.

2. Bíi ril thi Athid nith wa.

3. Bíi ril thi Athid dahaneth wa.

4. Bíi ril thi Athid webeth wa.

Lesson 4:

1. Báa ril sháad ne bothedi?

2. Báa ril sháad ne óoledi?

3. Báa ril sháad ne meladi?

4. Báa ril sháad ne shodedi?

Lesson 5:

1. Bíi ril sháad be buzhedi eshenan wa.

2. Bíi ril sháad be buzhedi memazhenan wa.

3. Bíi ril sháad be buzhedi zhazhenan wa.

Lesson 6:

1. Bíi eril di Athid wa, "Báa ril sháad ne sheshihothedi?"

2. Bíi eril di Athid wa, "Báa ril sháad ne wethedi?"

3. Bíi eril di Athid wa, "Báa ril sháad ne amedaradi?"

4. Bíi eril di Athid wa, "Báa ril sháad ne olinedi?"

Lesson 7:

1. Bíi ril wida Athid áabeth wa.

2. Bíi ril wida Athid ridademeth wa.

3. Bíi ril wida Athid ruleth wa.

4. Bíi ril wida Athid doyuth wa.

Lesson 8:

1. Bíi ril merilin bezh éebeth wáa.

2. Bíi ril merilin bezh laleth wáa.

3. Bíi ril merilin bezh zhuth wáa.

4. Bíi ril merilin bezh ilith wáa.

Lesson 9:

1. Bíi ril néde le rimáayoth wa.

2. Bíi ril néde le doneth wa.

3. Bíi ril néde le laleneth wa.

4. Bíi ril néde le lolineth wa.

Lesson 10:

1. Bíi aril meheb lezh esheth menedebe wa.

2. Bíi aril meheb lezh lulineth menedebe wa.

3. Bíi aril meheb lezh shinehaleth menedebe wa.

4. Bíi aril meheb lezh shidath menedebe wa.

English to Láadan Dictionary

(Updated: 10/29/2009)

This dictionary is a work in progress. We absolutely guarantee there are errors in it. The good news is that the errors are mostly in the new words. The words from the "A First Dictionary and Grammar of Láadan" (2nd Edition) have been, for the most part, verified with Suzette and corrected as necessary. If you find errors or have questions, let Jackie know.

"English Word" is an approximation of the Láadan definition, used to put this list in alphabetical order. There may be multiple English words for one Láadan word, and multiple Láadan words for one English word.

Core Words: C = Core Words (First words Suzette created) CS = Core Suppliment Words (Next batch of words Suzette created) D = Dictionary Words (Words that first appeared in the "A First Dictionary and Grammar of Láadan" (2nd Ed)) U= Updates (Words from various grammar updates published by Suzette) (blank) = Not a core word, or Jackie hasn't gotten that far in updating the dictionary info

Creator: (blank) = Suzette, or Jackie hasn't gotten that far in updating the dictionary info AB = Amberwind Barnhart AH = Anne Hatzakis BG = Baer Gewanter CF = Carole Fontaine CH = Catriona Harrison DK = ? EB = ? JLP = Jackie Powers JP = Juila Penelope (with her associates and students) MLM = M. Lynne Murphy PJ = ? RB = Rae Beno SH = Sharla Hardy TB = Tina Black YML = Yahoo Mailing Loop (If you claim ownership of any of these, let Jackie know)

English Word	Láadan Word	English Definition	Core Word	Creator
a	nonede	a, the final one, the last one [no-=prefix implies completion + nede=one, 1]	D
able	thad	to be able	D
abortion	wírabanenath	abortion, to abort, have an abortion [wí+raban+ena+th]		CF
about	eth	to be about (as in "a book about birds")
above	rayil	above, to be above [ra=non- + yil=under]	C
absence	mar	absence, to be absent		SH
abundant	ume	to be full, abundant	D
accountant	lamithá	accountant [lamith=to count + -á=doer]	U	SH
accursed	rahéeda	accursed, unholy, to be accursed, to be unholy [ra=non- + héeda=to be sacred]	D
accuse	ibádi	to accuse [ib =crime + -á =doer + di =speak]		AB
acoustics	ezho	acoustics [e-=prefix for science of + zho=sound]
across	mesh	across, to be across	D
act	wilomina	to perform, act [wil=let/may + oba=body + mina=move]		SH
adjective marker	wo-	changes a verb to an adjective, must be put on both verb and noun, after plural marker (beautiful woman = woháya wowith) Láadan has a form that is much like an English "adjective + noun" sequence, as in "green tree" or "small child". You can take any sequence of verb and subject (remembering that "adjectives" are only ordinary verbs in Láadan) and but the marker "wo-" at the beginning of each one. "Beautiful woman" is thus "woháya wowith". This is very useful, but it is a bit different from English, because it can only be used if you have just one verb. You cannot use this pattern to translate an English sequence like "little red brick wall". To make your descriptive phrase plural, you would put the plural marker "me-" at the beginning of the verb, as always. "Busy dragons" would be "mewoshOod wohOowamid."
administration	eyon	administration [e-=prefix for science of + yon=government]	D
adult	with	person, woman, adult ; to specify a male person, add the masculine suffix '-id'	C
adult (honored)	shawith	elder, honored adult [sha=harmony + with=person]		JLP
aeronautics	ezhazh	aeronautics [e-=prefix for science of + zhazh=airplanes]
afraid	héeya	fear, to fear, to be afraid	C
after	ihée	after (in space), behind [ihé=before]	C
after	aril	later, after (in time)	C
afternoon	udathihée	afternoon [udath=noon + ihée=after]	D
against	ib	against	D
against	-rada	against (to lean against something)	U	SH
agar	analel	agar (a seaweed) [ana=food + lel=seaweed]		SH
agent	-á	suffix for doer, agent; morpheme used to mark someone as the "do-er" of an action; like English "-er" in "baker" or "dancer"
aggressor	rashonelhá	attacker, aggressor [rashonelh=war + -á=suffix for doer]	D
agree	zhelith	agree, to think the same [zhe=alike + lith=think] (see also: zhedi, zheshub, zheláad, zhethob)		AB
agree	zhedi	agree, to agree verbally [zhe=alike + di=speak] (see also:zhelith, zheshub, zheláad, zhethob)		AB
agreement	zhethob	agreement, written agreement [zhe=alike + thob=write] (see also:zhelith, zhedi, zheshub, zheláad)		AB
agriculture	eróo	agriculture [e-=prefix for science of + róo=harvest]	D
agriculture	ehábed	science of farming; agriculture [e-=science of + (h)ábed=farm]
air	shum	air	CS
airplane	zhazh	airplane	D
airport	hozhazh	airport [zhazh=airplane]	D
alcoholic	ranahálh	alcoholic [ranahá=drinker + lh=negative connotation]	D
ale	wéebe	ale [webe=beer]	D
algae	lelith	algae		SH
alien	née	to be alien	D
alien	néehá	alien [née=to be alien + -á=suffix for doer]	D
alive	wíi	to be alive, living [wi=life]	C
all	woho	all, every (don't change form or add case marker)	D
all	abesh	to be all things, all-that-is (woho=all, every)	D
all-power	hohathad	all-power, omnipotence (without the feature 'male')	D
alone	doólelasholan	alone at last after tiresome experience or people [doól+ela+sholan]
alone	búsholan	alone "in the bosom of your family"
alone	sholalan	alone in a crowd of people	U
alone	elasholan	alone and glad of it	U
alone	sholan	to be alone	D
alone	héeyasholan	alone with terror [héeya+shalon]	U
alone	óosholan	alone with grief
along	óobe	along	2
aloud	zhonal	aloud [zho=sound + -nal=suffix for manner]	D
also	íi	also
altar	obeham	altar	U	SH
although	íizha	although	D
always	hadihad	always	D
amaze	míi	amazement, to be amazed	D
amazement	míi	amazement, to be amazed	D
amber	dathimithede	amber (the gem) [dathimi=pine + thede=jewel]		AB
ambulance	duthamazh	ambulance [dutha=to heal + mazh=car]	D
Amen	Othe	Amen, Selah, end of prayer phrase	D
among	menedebenil	among (many) [menedebe=many + nil=inside]		AB
among	nedebenil	among (few/several) [nedebe=few/several + nil=inside]		AB
analysis	yan	analysis, to analyze	D
anarchy	ralod	anarchy [ra=non- + lod=household]	D
anatomy	ehoba	anatomy [e-=prefix for science of + oba=body]	D
ancestor	wohothul	foremother, ancestor [woho=all + thul=parent]	D
and	i	and	C
and then	id	and then	CS
anesthesia	duthawish	anesthesia [dutha+wish]	D
angel	dáanoline	word angel [dáan=word + noline=angel]		CF
angel	noline	angel	D
angel	anahelilith	feminist-angel	U	CF
angel-science	enoline	angel-science [e-=prefix for science of + noline=angel]	D
anger	bara	anger with reason, with someone to blame, which is futile (bala, bama, bana, bina=anger)	D
anger	bana	anger with reason, with no one to blame, which is futile (bara, bala, bama, bina=anger)	D
anger	bama	anger with reason, but with no one to blame, which is not futile (bala, bana, bara, bina=anger)	D
anger	bina	anger with no reason, with no one to blame, which is not futile [bara, bala, bama, bana=anger]	D
anger	bala	anger with reason, with someone to blame, which is not futile (bara, bana, bama, bina=anger)	D
animal	mid	creature, any animal	C
animal	romid	wild animal [ro- =wild + mid=creature]	D
animal	shamid	domestic animal [sha=harmony + mid=creature]	D
animal (baby)	ámid	baby animal, very young creature [á-=baby + mid=animal] (see háamid, yáamid)
animal (teenage)	yáamid	teenage animal, older but not full-grown creature [yáa-=teenage + mid=animal] (see ámid, háamid)
animal (young)	háamid	young animal, child creature, general term for offspring [háa-=child + mid=animal] (see ámid, yáamid)
animal husbandry	ewomil	animal husbandry [e-=prefix for science of + womil=livestock]
anorexia	rayide	anorexia, to be anorexic [ra=non- + yide=hunger]	D
anorexic	rayide	anorexia, to be anorexic [ra=non- + yide=hunger]	D
ant	halezhub	ant [hal=work + (e)zhub=insect]		YML
anthropologist	ewithá	anthropologist [e-=prefix for science of + with=person + -á=suffix for doer]
anthropology	ewith	anthropology [e-=prefix for science of + with=person]	D
antler	onethud	horn; antler (noun) [on=head + (e)thud=bone]		AB
any	waha	any		AB
anything	dal waha	anything [dal=thing + waha=any]		AB
anytime	hath waha	anytime [hath=time + waha=any]		AB
anywhere	hoth waha	anywhere [hoth=place + waha=any]		AB
ape	omamid	ape [oma=hand + mid-creature]	D
apiarist	thuhá	beekeeper, apiarist [thu=honey + -(h)á=doer]
apology	hóoda	apology, excuse me, phrase to indicate that you need to leave a particular location (see hoda)	D
apology	hoda	apology, pardon me, phrase to indicate that you regret whatever it is that you find yourself obliged to do -- like interrupting someone (see hóoda)	D
apple	doyu	apple [do=strong + yu=fruit]	D
apricot	thuyu	apricot [thu=honey + yu=fruit]	D
April	Athil	April (vine month) [A-=month prefix + thil=vine]	D
arc	thamewud	arc [tham=circle + (e)wud=part]		SH
architect	emathá	architect [emath=architecture + -á-=doer]		YML
architecture	emath	architecture [e-=science of + math=building]		YML
argue	rashon	argument, quarrel, to argue, to quarrel, not used of an 'argument' in a theory or an equation or a proposition [ra-non- + shon=peace]	D
argument	halith	proposition, argument	D
argument	rashon	argument, quarrel, to argue, to quarrel, not used of an 'argument' in a theory or an equation or a proposition [ra-non- + shon=peace]	D
Arkansas	Arahanesha	Arkansas (loanword)	D
Arkansas	Aranesha	Arkansas "pet" name, short form	D
arm	oda	arm (the body part)	D
around	o	around	C
arrival	nosháad	arrival, to arrive [no-=prefix implies completion + sháad=to come, go]	D
arrive	nosháad	arrival, to arrive [no-=prefix implies completion + sháad=to come, go]	D
art	alehala	art, to "art", to make art	U
as	zhe	to be like, as, similar	C
ashamed	loláad lhohoth	to be ashamed, to perceive one's shame [loláad=to perceive internally + lhoho=shame + -th =suffix for object]	D
ask	mime	to ask	C
assemble	lolin	to gather, assemble, gathering, assembly (said of people)	D
assembly	lolin	to gather, assemble, gathering, assembly (said of people)	D
assistant	dená	assistant, helper
asteroid	thamehaledal	asteroid [thamehal=globe + dal=thing]	D
astronomy	ehash	astronomy [e-=prefix for science of + ash=star]	D
at last	doól	at last, finally	D
attacker	rashonelhá	attacker, aggressor [rashonelh=war + -á=suffix for doer]	D
attend	hil	attention, to pay attention to, to attend	D
attention	hil	attention, to pay attention to, to attend	D
attention	il	to see, to watch, to look at, to pay attention to, to observe. Active seeing, which includes looking, watching, observing, and paying active attention to something visually. "I am watching you." (see lAad oyinan, passive seeing)	D
auction	loshehalid	auction
audiology	ehoyu	audiology [e-=prefix for science of + oyu=ear]	D
August	Adaletham	August (berry month) [A-=month prefix + daletham=berry]	D
aunt	berídan	aunt	D
automobile	mazh	car, automobile	D
autum	wemon	autumn	D
aware	loláad óoyanan	to sense, be aware of	U
baby	áwith	baby, infant, very young person [á-=baby + with=person] (see háawith, yáawith)	D
baby	á-	prefix to signify infant, baby, very young creature (see háa-, yáa-)
baby	áwithid	male baby, male infant [áwith=baby + -id=suffix for male]	D
baby nurse	háwithá	baby nurse, nanny [áwith=baby + -á=suffix for doer]	D
back	wan	back (body part)	D
bad	rathal	to be bad [ra=non- + thal=to be good]	D
bad & good	yéshile	to be bad and good	D
bag	dimod	bag, sack, purse [dim=container + od=cloth]	D
baker	balá	baker [bal=bread + -á=suffix for doer]	D
baker	ebalá	baker [science of bread doer]
baking dish	yam	baking dish	D
balm	ub	balm, soothing substance	D
bandage	duthahod	bandage, to bandage [dutha=to heal + od=cloth]	D
bank	loshebelid	bank (financial) [losh=money + belid=house]	D
banker	loshá	banker [losh=money + -á=suffix for doer]	D
bankruptcy	ralosh	bankruptcy [ra=non- + losh=money]	D
bar	rilinehoth	bar [rilin=drink + (e)hoth=place]
bark	boshoya	bark of tree [bosh=wood + oya=skin]		SH
barn	róomath	barn [róo=harvest + math=building]	D
barren	rawóobaná	barren one, to be barren [ra-non- + wóobaná=birth giver]	D
basket	boóbidim	basket		SH
bath	obahéthewod	bath, to take a bath, bathe [oba=body + (h)éthe=clean + wod=sit] (see obahéthe, obahéthethib)		JLP
bath (ritual)	shunobahéthe	ritual bath, to ritually bathe [shun=ceremony,ritual + obahéthe=bath]		JLP
bathe	obahéthewod	bath, to take a bath, bathe [oba=body + (h)éthe=clean + wod=sit] (see obahéthe, obahéthethib)		JLP
beach	sheshihoth	beach [sheshi=sand + hoth=place]	D
bean	edeni	bean		SH
beautiful	áya	to be beautiful	CS
beautiful	hóya	to be beautiful (said of place) [áya=to be beautiful]	D
beautiful	háya	to be beautiful (said of time) [áya=to be beautiful]	D
beaver	eduthemid	beaver [eduth=engineering + mid=creature]		SH
because	bróo	because	C
become	nahin	to become [na=to start to + in=exist]	U	SH
bed	dahan	bed (short form)
bed	dalehanawan	bed [dale=object + áana=sleep + -wan=suffix for purpose, in order to]	D
bedding	miméne	coverings, bedding	D
bedding	úuzh	sheets, sheet bedding	D
bee	zhozhub	bee [zho=sound + zhub=insect]		YML
bee	zhomid	bee [zho=sound + mid=creature]	D
beekeeper	thuhá	beekeeper, apiarist [thu=honey + -(h)á=doer]
beer	webe	beer (wéebe=ale)	D
beetle	yum	beetle	CS
before	eril	earlier, before (in time)	C
before	ihé	before (in space), in front of [ihée=after]	C
behind	ihée	after (in space), behind [ihé=before]	C
beholden	dinime	to be beholden	D
believe	edeláad	to believe, believe in [láad=to perceive]	D
believer	edeláada	believer
bell	limlim	bell [onomatopoeia]	D
belonging	lol	a feeling of: community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; a group of people gathered with the intention of creating togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, community, cohesiveness; different from a city or a general gathering of people because "lol" implies an intention to create a feeling of cohesiveness within the group. (see lolh)		JLP
belonging (oppressive)	lolh	an oppressive "lol"; a negative sense of community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; you "belong" but to your severe detriment, for instance being forced to give up valued aspects of yourself to be accepted by the community. (see lol)		JLP
below	yil	to be under, below	C
benison	ath	benison, spoken blessing, to to give a spoken blessing	D
berry	dalatham	berry [dala=plant + tham=circle]	D
betray	ulhad	to betray [lh gives negative connotation]	D
between	shinenil	between [shin+nil]	U
beverage	rana	drink, beverage (rilin=to drink)	C
big	rahíya	to be big, large [ra=non- + híya=to be small]	D
billion	merod	billion (1,000,000,000) [me-=plural marker + rod=million (1,000,000)]	D
biology	emid	biology [e-=prefix for science of + mid=creature)	D
birch	meláanin	birch tree [mel=paper + yáanin=tree]		SH
bird	babí	bird	C
birth	wóoban	to give birth, to bear	C
birth	woban	birth (noun) (origin, beginning)	D
birth	wóbáan	to bring to birth (the activity of a midwife or other person helping with the delivery of an infant)
birth	wobaneya	birth (time) 'at birth' (at the time she was born) [woban=birth + -(e)ya=suffix for case marker time]
birth	théwóoban	on the point of giving birth [thé-=about to any minute + wóoban=to give birth]
birth	théewóoban	soon to give birth [thée-=about to + wóoban=to give birth]
birth	thówóoban	to have just given birth [thó-=to have just + wóoban=to give birth]
birth giver	wóobaná	birth-giver [wóoban=to give birth + -á=suffix for doer]	D
birthday	thade	birthday	D
bite	dashobe	bite, to bite [dash=tooth + obe=through]		SH
bitter	rúsho	to be bitter (to taste)	D
bittersweet	rúshomeénan	bittersweet [rúsho=bitter+ meénan=sweet]
black	loyo	to be black	D
blackberry	loyodalatham	blackberry [loyo=black + dala=plant + tham=circle]
blame	ninálh	the one to blame [niná=the one responsible + lh=negative connotation]	D
bland	ralaheb	something utterly spiceless, bland, "like warm spit", repulsively bland and blah [ra=non- + laheb=spice]	D
blanket	owahúuzh	blanket [owa=to be warm + úuzh=sheet bedding]	D
blessed	othel	to be blessed, holy	D
blessing	nayadi	blessing, general term (ath=benison)	U
blessing	ath	benison, spoken blessing, to to give a spoken blessing	D
blood	óolewil	menstrual blood [óol=moon + wili=river]		SH
blood	luhili	blood	U	SH
blood	luwili	birth-blood		SH
blood vessel	iluli	blood vessel		SH
blow	olob	blow, strike, hit, trauma	D
blue	leyi	to be blue	D
blueberry	leyidalatham	blueberry [leyi=blue + dala=plant + tham=circle]
boat	esh	boat	CS
body	oba	body	CS
body language	dáan i oyi	body language [dáan=word, i=and, oyi=eye]	D
bone	thud	bone	D
book	áabe	book	D
bookstore	áabewehe	bookstore [áabe=book + wehe=store]	U	SH
boss	hu	ruler, boss	D
botany	edala	botany [science of plants]
bowels	hodáath	bowels [hod=stomach + áath=door], intestines	D
bowl	bin	bowl	D
boy	háawithid	boy child [háawith=child + -id= suffix for male]	D
braid	boóbin	braid, to braid [boó=three]	D
brain	uth	brain	D
bramble	nab	bramble	D
branch	odayáaninetha	branch [oda=arm + yáanin=tree + -tha=suffix for possession by reason of birth]	D
bread	bal	bread	C
breadbox	baledim	breadbox [bal=bread + (e)dim=container]		JLP
break	then	to break	D
breakfast	anadal	meal (general term) (breakfast, lunch, dinner, etc) [ana=food + dal=thing]	D
breast	thol	breast	D
breath	wíyuleth	breath
breathe	wíyul	to breathe [wí=life + yul=wind]		SH
brewer	webehá	brewer [webe=beer + -á=suffix for doer]	D
brick	donilihud	brick, thing you make walls out of, to brick [donili=mud + ud=stone]		JLP
bridge	oódóo	bridge	D
broom	wush	broom	D
brown	leyan	to be brown	D
brush	enid	brush (not for hair)	D
brush	idon	brush (for hair)	D
buddha	buda	buddha (loan word); should have a capital B when it refers to "the" Buddha		YML
building	math	building	D
bundle of sticks	menedebosh	bundle of sticks, faggot (noun) [me- =plural + nedebosh=stick]		AB
burden	dosh	burden	D
bureaucracy	rashenidal	bureaucracy [ra=non- + shenidal=network]	D
burnout	iboshara	burnout [ibo+shara]		DK
bury	rumadoni	to bury [rumad=to hide + doni=dirt]		SH
bush	hemen	bush
business	ehohel	business (the science)
busy	shóod	busy, to be busy	D
but	izh	but	C
butcher	dehenihá	butcher (of meat) [deheni=meat + -(h)á=suffix for doer]
butter	hob	butter	D
butterfly	áalaá	butterfly	D
buy	eb	to buy, to sell	D
buyer	nathá	buyer (professional)
buyer	ebá	buyer or seller
cake	thuzh	cake
calculator	shinishin	calculator [shin=2 + i=and + shin=2]	D
callous	ramúna	callousness for bad reasons, disregard, to be callous [ra=non- + múna=compassion for bad reasons]	D
callous	ramína	callousness for no reason, disregard, to be callous [ra-non- + mína=compassion for no reason]	D
callous	raména	callousness for good reasons, disregard, to be callous [ra= non- + ména=compassion for good reasons]	D
callous	ramóna	callousness for foolish reasons, disregard, to be callous [ra=non- + móna=compassion for foolish reasons]	D
callousness	ramína	callousness for no reason, disregard, to be callous [ra-non- + mína=compassion for no reason]	D
callousness	ramóna	callousness for foolish reasons, disregard, to be callous [ra=non- + móna=compassion for foolish reasons]	D
callousness	ramúna	callousness for bad reasons, disregard, to be callous [ra=non- + múna=compassion for bad reasons]	D
callousness	raména	callousness for good reasons, disregard, to be callous [ra= non- + ména=compassion for good reasons]	D
calm	wam	to be placid, still, calm (as of water, wind)	D
camcorder	ridadem	camera, VCR, camcorder [ri=to record + dadem=picture]	D
camel	hibomid	camel [hibo=hill; mid=creature]	D
camera	ridadem	camera, VCR, camcorder [ri=to record + dadem=picture]	D
candy	thuhal	candy	D
cape	rimáayo	cloak, cape [rim=shoulder + áayo=skirt]	D
car	mazh	car, automobile	D
carapace	udoya	shell, carapace, hull [ud=stone + oya=skin]		SH
career (beginning)	didehal	beginning career, early career, the first career you take after college [dide=early + hal=work] (see ruhobeha, shawithehall)		JLP
career (middle)	ruhobehal	middle career, deep career, the career you take after your mid-life crisis [ruhob=deep + hal=work] (see didehal, shawithehal)		JLP
career (retired)	shawithehal	retired career, elder career, the work you do after you’ve officially retired [shawith=elder + (e)hal=work] (see didehal, ruhobehal)		JLP
care-giver	nayahá	care-giver, caretaker of people [naya=to take care of + -á=suffix for doer]	D
caress	lámála	to caress, stroke	D
caress	odámála	to caress with the lips, kiss [odama=lips + lámála=caress]		SH
caress	odithámála	to caress with the tongue [odith=tangue + lámála=caress]	U	SH
caretaker	nayahá	care-giver, caretaker of people [naya=to take care of + -á=suffix for doer]	D
carpenter	belidá	carpenter [belid=house + -á=suffix for doer]	D
carpet	ren	rug, carpet	D
carrot	medalayun	carrot [meda=vegetable + layun=orange]	D
carry	wida	to carry	C
cartography	eluben	cartography [science of maps]
carve	lámáhel	to sculpt, carve [lámá+el]	U
case marker	-ya	Case Marker: suffix for Time
case marker	-daá	Case Marker: suffix for beneficiary- accidentally
case marker	-dá	Case Marker: suffix for beneficiary- by force, against X's will
case marker	-mu	a morpheme meaning "path"; In English, the PATH case is most often marked by the prepositions "through," "across," "along," or "over."; Case Marker: suffix for path
case marker	-dan	Case Marker: suffix for Associate - with pleasure (see also '-den')
case marker	-nan	a morpheme meaning "by means of"; it indicates what is used to do something; "Bíi ril sháad le buzhedi mazhenan wa." ("I'm going to the con by car."); Case Marker: suffix for instrument
case marker	-wáan	a morpheme meaning "the reason for which something is done"; Case Marker: suffix for cause - reason, due to, because of (see also '-wan')
case marker	-dáa	Case Marker: suffix for beneficiary- obligatorily, as by duty
case marker	-den	Case Marker: suffix for Associate - neutral form (see also '-dan')
case marker	-de	Case Marker: suffix for source
case marker	-sha	Case Marker: suffix for place (see also '-ha')
case marker	-tha	Case Marker: suffix for possession - by reason of birth (see also '-thi', '-the', '-thu', '-tho')
case marker	-thu	Case Marker: suffix for possession - partitive (false possessive) (see also '-thi', '-the', '-thu', '-tha')
case marker	-th	a morpheme that means "This is the direct object in this sentence."; Bíi ril thi Athid imedimeth wa. ("Athid has a suitcase."); Case Marker: suffix for object
case marker	-thi	Case Marker: suffix for possession - by reason of chance (see also '-tha', '-the', '-thu', '-tho')
case marker	-nal	Case Marker: suffix for manner
case marker	-da	morpheme used to identify the _beneficiary_ of an action -- the person [or other entity] for whom or for which an action is done; Case Marker: suffix for beneficiary- voluntarily
case marker	-ha	morpheme used to indicate where something or someone is located; Bíi ril Athid botheha wa. ("Athid is at the hotel.); Case Marker: suffix for place (see also '-sha')
case marker	-wan	Case Marker: suffix for cause - for the purpose of, in order to (see also '-wáan')
case marker	-the	Case Marker: suffix for possession - for unknown or unacknowledged reasons (see also '-tha', '-thi', '-thu', '-tho')
case marker	-dim	a morpheme that means "to," as in "I walked to the house.": Case Marker: Suffix for goal (see also '-di') used in cases when '-di' (goal) ending is hard to distinguish from the '-de' (source) ending
case marker	-di	a morpheme that means "to," as in "I walked to the house.": Bíi ril sháad Athid buzhedi wa. ("Athid is going to the con."); Case Marker: suffix for goal (see also '-dim')
case marker	-tho	Case Marker: suffix for possession - other (purchase, gift, law, custom, etc.) (see also '-tha', '-the', '-thi', '-thu')
cat	rul	cat	C
cause	nin	to cause, causal	C
cause	obed	cause, reason	D
cause	dó-	cause-to-VERB prefix	D
cave	bethud	cave [beth=home + ud=stone]
celebration	elahela	celebration [alehale=to make music]	D
celibacy	rashim	celibacy [ra=non- + shim=to sexual act]	D
celibate	ralath	to be celibate not by choice	D
celibate	lath	to be celibate by choice	D
celibate	rashimá	a celibate [rashim=celibacy + -á=suffix for doer]	D
center	hatham	center [tham=circle]	D
ceramics	ebod	ceramics [e-=prefix for science of + bod=dish]	D
ceramist	ebodá	ceramist, potter
ceremony	shun	ceremony, ritual	D
chair	dalewodewan	chair [dale=object + wod=to sit + -wan-suffix for purpose, in order to]	D
change	sheb	change, to change	CS
character	uzh	symbol (of notation or alphabet), character	D
charisma	thuhul	charm, charisma
charm	thuhul	charm, charisma
chatter	ishidi	to chatter [ishish+di]	U	SH
cheese	ódon	cheese	D
chef	anadalá	cook, chef [anadal=meal + -á=suffix for doer]	D
chemistry	eshishid	chemistry
chest	rawan	chest (body part)	D
chew	dashobin	to chew		SH
chick	álub	chick [á=very young + lub= chicken]
chicken	lub	poultry, fowl (chicken, duck, goose)	CS
child	háa-	prefix to signify child, youth, young creature, general prefix for offspring (see á-, yáa-)
child	háawith	child, youth, child person, general term for offspring [háa-=child + with=person] (see áwith, yáawith)	D
child (male)	háawithid	boy child [háawith=child + -id= suffix for male]	D
child-science	eháawith	child-science
chocolate	ahana	chocolate [a=love + (h)ana=food]		CH
chronography	ehath	chronography [e-=prefix for science of + hath=time]	D
church	áatham	church [áath=door + tham=circle]	D
circle	tham	circle	D
city	miwith	town, city [with=person]	D
city dweller	miwithá	city-dweller [miwith=city + -á=suffix for doer]	D
class	bediholowod	class [bedi=learn + (h)olowod=group]		YML
classroom	bedishod	classroom [bedi=learn + shod=room]		YML
claw	bath	nail, fingernail, toenail, claw (body part)	D
clean	obahéthe	a clean body, to clean ones body [oba=body + (h)éthe =clean] (see obahéthewod, obahéthethib)		JLP
clean	huhéthe	boss-clean, probably the highest level of cleaning you would need [hu=boss + (h)éthe] (See also: éthe, háawithéthe, mudahéthe, onidahéthe, thóohéthe)		CH
clean	háawithéthe	child-clean, the level of cleanliness at which a child considers her room "clean" [háawith=child + éthe=clean] (See also: éthe, huhéthe, mudahéthe, onidahéthe, thóohéthe)		AB
clean	onidahéthe	family-clean, the usual state of affairs [onida=family + (h)éthe=clean] (See also: éthe, háawithéthe, huhéthe, mudahéthe, thóohéthe)		CH
clean	thóohéthe	guest-clean, the level of cleaning you need to do for guests [thóo=guest + (h)éthe=clean] (See also: éthe, háawithéthe, huhéthe, mudahéthe, onidahéthe)		CH
clean	mudahéthe	pig-clean, the state of your teenager's room, to be used when teenager says "it's clean, mom!", and mom responds "well, yeah, pig-clean!" (with apologies to poor slandered pigs, who we know are very clean animals) [muda=pig + (h)éthe=clean] (See also: éthe, háawithéthe, huhéthe, onidahéthe, thóohéthe)		JLP
clean	éthe	clean, to be clean, to make clean (See also: háawithéthe, huhéthe, mudahéthe, onidahéthe, thóohéthe)	C
clear	wedeth	to be clear	D
clergy	wíitham	clergy [wíi=living + tham=circle]	D
clitoris	abathede	clitoris [aba=fragrant + thede= jewel]	U	RB, BG, PJ
clitoris	nemeháalish	clitoris [nem+háalish]	U	RB/BG
cloak	rimáayo	cloak, cape [rim=shoulder + áayo=skirt]	D
closed	rahu	to be closed [ra=non- + u=to be open]	D
cloth	od	cloth	D
clothing	budeshun	ceremonial clothing [bud=clothing + (e)shun=ceremony]
clothing	bud	clothing (general term)	D
cloth-of-gold	odobeyal	cloth-of-gold [od =cloth + obeyal=gold]		AB
cloud	boshum	cloud [bo=mountain + shum=air]	D
cloud (fleecy)	bol	fleecy-clouded (of skies)	D
clover	boómi	clover, oxalis [boó=three + mi=leaf]		SH
clown	emeth	to clown;loan word based on Emmet Kelly's name		AH
clown	emethá	clown [emeth+á]		AH
coat	habo	coat	D
cocoa	ahanamezh	cocoa [ahana=chocolate + mezh=powder]		CH
coffee	yob	coffee	CS
cohesiveness	lol	a feeling of: community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; a group of people gathered with the intention of creating togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, community, cohesiveness; different from a city or a general gathering of people because "lol" implies an intention to create a feeling of cohesiveness within the group. (see lolh)		JLP
cohesiveness (oppressive)	lolh	an oppressive "lol"; a negative sense of community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; you "belong" but to your severe detriment, for instance being forced to give up valued aspects of yourself to be accepted by the community. (see lol)		JLP
cold	rahowa	to be cold [ra=non- + owa=to be warm]	D
color	liri	to be colored, to have color	C
color science	eliri	color science
colored	liri	to be colored, to have color	C
comb	don	comb	D
come	sháad	to come, to go (differentiated by the 'source' or 'goal' marker on the following noun)	C
comfort	she	to comfort	D
comforter	shehá	comforter [she=to comfort + -á=suffix for doer]	D
comical	dóhada	be funny; be comical		YML
command room	ráatham	command room (for war)	D
common sense	bash	common sense	D
community	lol	a feeling of: community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; a group of people gathered with the intention of creating togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, community, cohesiveness; different from a city or a general gathering of people because "lol" implies an intention to create a feeling of cohesiveness within the group. (see lolh)		JLP
community (oppressive)	lolh	an oppressive "lol"; a negative sense of community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; you "belong" but to your severe detriment, for instance being forced to give up valued aspects of yourself to be accepted by the community. (see lol)		JLP
compassion	móna	compassion for foolish reasons [méhéna, ména, mína, múna=compassion]	D
compassion	mína	compassion for no reason [ména, méhéna, móna, múna=compassion]	D
compassion	méhéna	compassion despite negative circumstances [ména, mína, móna, múna=compassion]	D
compassion	ména	compassion for good reasons [méhéna, mína, móna, múna=compassion]	D
compassion	múna	compassion for bad reasons [méhéna, ména, mína, móna=compassion]	D
competition	halid	competition	D
computer	shinehal	computer [shin=two + hal=to work]	D
computer printer	raneran	printer, computer printer [ran=typewriter]	D
computer science	eshinehal	computer science [e-=prefix for science of + shinehal=computer]
comset	óozh	comset	D
comset technician	óozhá	comset technician [óozh=comset + -(h)á=suffix for doer]
con	buzh	convention, "con", conference
condom	obom	condom		YML
conference	buzh	convention, "con", conference
confess	ibáyóodi	to confess (literally: to accuse oneself) [ib=crime + -á=doer + -yóo- =reflexive(-self) + di=speak]		AB
conifer	dathimi	conifer, pine tree [dathi=needle + mi=leaf]		SH
connection	shasho	connection	D
consense	zheláad	consensus, to consense [zhe=alike + láad=perceive] (see also:zhelith, zhedi, zheshub, zhethob)		AB
consensus	zheláad	consensus, to consense [zhe=alike + láad=perceive] (see also:zhelith, zhedi, zheshub, zhethob)		AB
container	dim	container	C
contentment	nona	contentment for foolish reasons [nehena, nena, nina, nuna=contentment]	D
contentment	nina	contentment for no reason [nehena, nena, nona, nuna=contentment]	D
contentment	nuna	contentment for bad reasons [nehena, nena, nina, nona=contentment]	D
contentment	nena	contentment for good reasons [nehena, nina, nona, nuna=contentment]	D
contentment	nehena	contentment despite negative circumstances [nena, nina, nona, nuna=contentment]	D
contract	bédim	contract, deal, to make a deal, to make a contract		SH
convention	buzh	convention, "con", conference
cook	anadalá	cook, chef [anadal=meal + -á=suffix for doer]	D
cooking	emahin	cooking (the science)
cooking pot	mahin	cooking pot	D
cooperate	zheshub	cooperation, to cooperate [zhe=alike + shub=do] (see also:zhelith, zhedi, zheláad, zhethob)		AB
cooperation	zheshub	cooperation, to cooperate [zhe=alike + shub=do] (see also:zhelith, zhedi, zheláad, zhethob)		AB
copier	rimel	copier (like Xerox) [ri=to record + mel=paper]	D
copulater	shimá	one who performs a sexual act, copulater (cannot mean lover) [shim=to "sexual act" + -á=suffix for doer]	D
copulation	shim	to "sexual act", engage in sex, copulation (abstract and completely neutral term)	C
cordial	yurana	cordial (the beverage) [yu=fruit + rana=drink]	D
correct	dóon	to be correct	D
correctly	dóonenal	correctly
costume	dedidebud	costume [dedide=story + bud=clothing]
count	lamith	to count	U	SH
counter	behal	work counter, surface	D
couple	shinishidi	couple [shin=two + i=and + shidi=together]	U	SH
courtesy	shal	manners, courtesy	D
cousin	edin	cousin	D
coven	óoletham	coven, worship circle [óol=moon + tham=circle]		CF
cover	rumad	to hide, cover, put away	U	SH
coverings	miméne	coverings, bedding	D
cow	dithemid	cow [dith=voice + mid=creature]	D
cradle	lulin	cradle [lul=vagina] [lul+lin]	D
cream	onelal	cream [on=head + lal=milk]	D
create	dóhin	to create, enact [dó-=cause to + (h)in=exist]		YML
creative	shinóoya	to be fertile, creative [shin=two + óoya=heart]		SH
creative	mahela	creative urge		SH
creator	elá	creator, maker
creature	mid	creature, any animal	C
credit	losh	money, credit	D
creek	wili	river, creek [ili=water]	CS
crime	ib	crime	D
criminal	ibálh	criminal [ib=crime + -á=suffix for doer + lh =negative connotation]	D
criminology	ehib	criminology
crowd	méwith	crowd [me-=plural marker + with=person]	D
cry	wée	cry, to cry (of babies) [onomatopoeia]	D
cry	delishe	to weep, cry (not said of babies)	D
cuddle	lemadama	to cuddle [lema=gentle + dama=touch]	U	AH
cup	ni	cup	D
cupboard	dimidim	cupboard, dresser [dim=container + i=and + dim=container]	D
curl	aále	curl, ruffle (noun)		SH
curtain	demeren	curtain [dem=window + ren=rug, carpet]	D
curve	boósh	curve, to be curved		AB
cut	humesh	to cut [hum=knife + mesh=across]		SH
daffodil	léeli	jonquil, daffodil, narcissus	D
dance	amedara	dance, to dance	D
dandruff	adelith	dandruff		JP
danger	rayom	danger [ra=non- + yom=safe]	D
dark colored	loyu	to be dark-colored		AH
darkness	rahith	darkness [ra=non- + ith=light]	D
dawn	nasháal	dawn, sunrise [na=to start to + sháal=day]		SH
day	sháal	day	D
dead	rawíi	to be dead [ra=non- + wíi=to be alive]	D
deal	bédim	contract, deal, to make a deal, to make a contract		SH
death	shebasheb	death [sheb=change]	D
debt	lud	debt	D
debt	lhud	debt, with pejorative overtones [lh=negative connotation + lud=debt]	D
debtor	ludá	debtor, person in debt
December	Adol	December (root month) [A-=month prefix + dol=root]	D
decrease	náheb	to decrease [ná+heb]		EB
deep	ruhob	to be deep	D
deer	lemamid	deer [lema=gentle + mid=creature]	U
deer (male)	lemamidid	stag, male deer [lema=gentle + mid=creature + -id=male]
Degree Marker	-hil	Degree Marker: to a minor degree, rather (see also '-hel', '-hal', '-hul', '-háalish')
Degree Marker	-háalish	Degree Marker: to an extraordinary degree (see also '-hil', '-hal', '-hul', '-hel')
Degree Marker	-hul	Degree Marker: to an extreme degree, extremely (see also '-hel', '-hal', '-hil', '-háalish')
Degree Marker	-hel	Degree Marker: to a trivial degree, slightly (see also '-hil', '-hal', '-hul', '-háalish')
Degree Marker	-hal	Degree Marker: to an unusual degree, very (see also '-hil', '-hel', '-hul', '-háalish')
Degree Marker	-hule	to an intolerable degree: Degree Marker: specifically negative in meaning -- never used in a positive sense
Degree Marker	-hele	to a troublesome degree: Degree Marker: specifically negative in meaning -- never used in a positive sense
Degree Marker	-hile	to a severe degree: Degree Marker: specifically negative in meaning -- never used in a positive sense
deity	ebahóol	deity (male) [spouse of the moon eba+óol]		CF
dentist	edashá	dentist [e-=prefix for science of + dash=tooth + -á=suffix for doer
dentistry	edash	dentistry [e-=prefix for science of + dash=tooth]
depression	dutheshara	depression as a side effect of medication		DK
depression	uhudeshara	depression as result of small event		DK
depression	olobeshara	depression as result of major trauma [olob=trauma + (e)shara=grief]		DK
depression	deshara	depression as a side effect of medication		DK
deprivation (tactile)	ralámálha	tactile deprivation [ra=non- + lámála=to caress + lh=negative connotation]	D
desert	shée	desert	D
desire	maha	desire (sexual)	D
desire	mahanal	desiringly, lustfully (NOT a negative term) [maha=desire (sexual) + -nal=suffix for manner]	D
desire (absence)	ramaha	absence of sexual desire [ra=non- + maha=desire (sexual)]	D
desk	dalebediwan	desk [dale=object + bedi=learning + -wan=suffix for purpose, in order to]	D
despair	rathona	despair for foolish reasons [ra=non- + thona=joy for foolish reasons]	D
despair	rathena	despair for good reasons [ra=non- + thena=joy for good reasons]	D
despair	rathuna	despair for bad reasons [ra=non- + thuna=joy for bad reasons]	D
despair	rathina	despair for no reason [ra=non- + thina=joy for no reason]	D
dessert	homana	dessert, nectar food [hom=nectar + ana=food]	D
diaper	áwod	diaper	U	SH
diety	Lushede	deity, goddess (informal address)	D
diety	Lahila	Holy-One, Deity	D
difficult	radezh	difficult
digit	ishid	digit (fingers, toes)	D
diner	yodá	diner, one who eats [yod=to eat]	D
dinner	anadal	meal (general term) (breakfast, lunch, dinner, etc) [ana=food + dal=thing]	D
diplomat	eshoná	diplomat [eshon=peace-science + -á=doer]		YML
direction	wethene	direction		SH
dirt	doni	ground, dirt, earth, soil	CS
dirty	rahéthe	to be dirty [ra=non- + éthe=to be clean]	D
discord	rasha	discord (not discord in the home) [ra=non- + sha=harmony]	D
discord	lhed	discord in the home [lh=negative connotation]	D
disease	éeya	sickness, disease, illness	C
disgust	ílhi	disgust [lh=negative connotation]	D
disgust	ílhilh	disgust with pejorative overtones, disgust and disapproval [lh=negative connotation]	D
dish	bod	dish	D
dish	rin	plate (dish)	D
disregard	ramína	callousness for no reason, disregard, to be callous [ra-non- + mína=compassion for no reason]	D
disregard	ramúna	callousness for bad reasons, disregard, to be callous [ra=non- + múna=compassion for bad reasons]	D
disregard	ramóna	callousness for foolish reasons, disregard, to be callous [ra=non- + móna=compassion for foolish reasons]	D
disregard	raména	callousness for good reasons, disregard, to be callous [ra= non- + ména=compassion for good reasons]	D
do	shub	to do	C
doctor	eduthahá	doctor, physician, healer [edutha=medicine + -á=suffix for doer]	D
doer	-á	suffix for doer, agent; morpheme used to mark someone as the "do-er" of an action; like English "-er" in "baker" or "dancer"
dog	lanemid	dog [lan=friend + mid=creature]	D
dominate	dólhorado	to dominate with evil intent [dórado=to dominate + lh=negative connotation]	D
dominate	dórado	to dominate	D
door	áath	door	D
down	heb	down, the direction	C
downy	shane	to be downy, furry	D
dowry	heth	dowry	D
dragon	óowamid	dragon [óowa=fire + mid=creature]
dream	ozh	dream, to dreav	D
dress	owe	dress, gown	D
dresser	dimidim	cupboard, dresser [dim=container + i=and + dim=container]	D
drink	rana	drink, beverage (rilin=to drink)	C
drink	rilin	to drink (rana=drink, noun)	D
drink (sacred)	héedarana	sacred drink, to drink sacred drink [héeda = sacred + rana = drink]		JLP
drinker	ranahá	drinker [rana=drink + -á=suffix for doer]	D
drop	héda	to drop, spill, let fall [héedá=to pick up, lift up]	D
drought	ralali	drought [ra=non- + lali=rain]	D
drug	desh	drug	D
dry	ralili	to be dry [ra=not + lili=wet]		YML
duck	yazh	duck		CH
dulcimer	shelalen	dulcimer	D
Duration Marker	ná-	Duration Marker: prefix for 'to continue to' Verb (see also 'na-'. 'no-', 'ne-', 'nó-')
Duration Marker	no-	Duration Marker: prefix for 'to finish', completion (see also 'na-'. 'ná-', 'ne-', 'nó-')
Duration Marker	nó-	Duration Marker: prefix for 'to cease to' VERB (see also 'na-'. 'ná-', 'ne-', 'no-')
Duration Marker	ne-	Duration Marker: prefix for 'to repeat' (see also 'na-'. 'ná-', 'no-', 'nó-')
Duration Marker	na-	Duration Marker: prefix for 'to start to' Verb (see also 'no-'. 'ná-', 'ne-', 'nó-')
during	obée	during (I work during the night. -> Bíi hal le náaleya obée wa.)	C
ear	oyu	ear	D
earlier	eril	earlier, before (in time)	C
early	dide	to be early	D
Earth	Doni	Earth (the planet)
Earth	thera	Earth, Terra [loanword]	D
earth	doni	ground, dirt, earth, soil	CS
earthquake	donithen	earthquake [doni=earth + then=to break]	D
earthworm	shéeba	earthworm	D
east	hene	east	D
eat	yod	to eat	C
echo	zhorumi	echo [zho=sound + rumi=shadow]	U	SH
economics	elosh	economics [e-=prefix for science of + losh=money, credit]	D
economist	eloshá	economist [e-=prefix for science of + losh=money, credit + -á=suffix for doer]	D
edge	hubod	edge (sharp) [hum=knife + bod=line]		SH
edge	nodal	edge (non-sharp)		SH
education	ehom	education [e-=prefix for science of + om=to teach]	D
egg	máa	egg	CS
eighteen	nibethab	eighteen (18) [nib=8 + thab=l0]	D
eighty	thabenib	eighty (80)	D
eigth	nib	eight (8)	D
ejaculate	aáláthon	ejaculate [aálá=spray + thon=seed]		YML
elder	shawith	elder, honored adult [sha=harmony + with=person]		JLP
elephant	domid	elephant [dom=remember + mid=creature]	D
eleven	nedethab	eleven (11) [nede=l + thab=l0]	D
Embedding Marker	-háa	Embedding Marker: to embed a relative clause (like English "I know the womah who is tired") attached to the last element in the embedded clause (see also '-hé', '-hée')
Embedding Marker	-hée	Embedding Marker: to embed a question (like English "I wonder whether/if she left") attached to the last element in the embedded clause (see also '-hé', '-háa')
Embedding Marker	-hé	morpheme used to embed one statement inside another statement; Embedding Marker: to embed a sentential complement (like English "I know that she left") attached to the last element in the embedded clause (see also '-háa', '-hée') When we want to put one English statement inside another one -- a process called "embedding" -- we can use the word "that" to mark the statement that is embedded. For example, "I know that science fiction conventions are fun," embeds the statement "science fiction conventions are fun" inside "I know [some other statement]," by putting "that" at the beginning of the embedded statement. LAadan embeds one statement in another by putting the morpheme "-hE" on the last word of the embedded statement. So, in sentence #7, the statement "radezhehul thod Aabeth" -- "writing a book is very hard," is marked as an embedded statement by adding "-hE" to "Aabeth." [Note: An embedding morpheme is the _only_ morpheme that can follow a case-marking morpheme.]
embroider	dademadal	embroidery, to embroider [dadem=picture + adal=sew]		CH
emotion	loláad	to perceive internally, to feel a mental state or emotion, perceive with the heart (metaphorically). Passive internal feeling. "I feel sad." (see náril, active internal feeling)	D
emotion	wihi	emotion	C
emotionlessness	rawihi	emotionlessness (NOT a complimentary term) [ra=non- + wihi=emotion]	D
empathy	lowitheláad	to feel, as if directly, another's feelings (pain/joy/ anger/grief/surprise/ etc.); to be empathetic, without the separation implied in empathy [lo + with=person + láad=to perceive]	D
empathy (total)	wohosheni	a word meaning the opposite of alienation; to feel joined to, part of someone or something without reservations or barriers [woho=all; sheni=intersection]	D
enable	shóoban	to enable, to help make happen, remove barriers & provide encourage (SH) [shóo+ban]	U
enable	dóthad	to enable, to make possible or easy [dó=cause-to + thad=to be able]
enable	dóthadelh	to enable another to persist in self-destructive behavior (for instance substance abuse) by providing excuses or by helping that individual avoid the consequences of such behavior [dó-=cause-to + thad=to be able + -(e)lh=pejorative]
enabler	dóthadá	enabler, one who enables, makes things possible or easy [dó=cause-to + thad=to be able + á=suffix for doer]
enabler	dóthadelhá	enabler, one who enables another to persist in self-destructive behavior (for instance substance abuse) by providing excuses or by helping that individual avoid the consequences of such behavior [dó-=cause-to + thad=to be able + -(e)lh-=pejorative + -á=suffix for doer]
enact	dóhin	to create, enact [dó-=cause to + (h)in=exist]		YML
enchantment	yahanesh	magic, enchantment	D
encourage	nayadithal	encouragement, to encourage	U
encouragement	nayadithal	encouragement, to encourage	U
enemy	leb	enemy	D
enemy	lheb	enemy, with pejorative overtones [leb=enemy + lh=negative overtones]	D
engineer	eduthá	engineer [eduth=engineering + -á=suffix for doer]	D
engineering	eduth	engineering [e=prefix for science of + duth=to use]	D
enigma	zhab	enigma, puzzle	D
et cetera	minidibi	et cetera	U	SH
evening	háanáal	evening [háa=young + náal=night]		SH
every	woho	all, every (don't change form or add case marker)	D
evidence	meloth	evidence [me-=plural marker + loth=information]	D
evidence morpheme	waálh	assumed false by speaker because source is not trusted and evil intent by source is assumed, assumed false by X because X distrusts source and X suspects source of acting with evil intent (evidence morpheme)	D
evidence morpheme	waá	assumed false by X because X distrusts source (evidence morpheme)	D
evidence morpheme	wi	an evidential meaning "The reason I claim that what I'm saying is true is because it's self-evident; everybody can see that it's true, or everybody is in agreement that it's true."; known to X because self-evident (evidence morpheme)	D
evidence morpheme	wóo	speaker has total lack of knowledge as to the validity, indicates that X states a total lack of know ledge as to the validity of the matter (evidence morpheme)	D
evidence morpheme	wa	known to X because perceived by X (externally or internally) (evidence morpheme): "The reason I claim that what I'm saying is true is that I have perceived it myself"	D
evidence morpheme	wo	imagined or invented by speaker, hypothetical, imagined or invented by X, hypothetical (evidence morpheme)	D
evidence morpheme	wáa	assumed true by X because X trusts source (evidence morpheme)	D
evidence morpheme	we	perceived by speaker in a dream, perceived by X in a dream (evidence morpheme)	D
evil	ramíili	evil (theological) [ra=non- + míili=radiance]	D
evil	ramíilide	from evil (theological) [ra=non- + míili=radiance + -de=source case marker]	D
exceed	hesho	to surpass [used in comparatives], exceed
excuse me	hóoda	apology, excuse me, phrase to indicate that you need to leave a particular location (see hoda)	D
exhaust	ibolh	to exhaust with negative connotation, exhaustion	D
exhaust	ibo	to exhaust oneself, exhaustion	D
exhaustion	ibolh	to exhaust with negative connotation, exhaustion	D
exhaustion	ibo	to exhaust oneself, exhaustion	D
exile	rahabelhid	to exile [ra=non- + habelid=to live, inhabit + lh=negative connotation]	D
exile	rahabelhidá	an exile, outcast [rahabelhid=to exile + -á=suffix for doer]	D
exist	in	to exist	D
extremely	-hul	Degree Marker: to an extreme degree, extremely (see also '-hel', '-hal', '-hil', '-háalish')
eye	oyi	eye	D
face	ona	face (the body part)	CS
fact	nedeloth	fact [nede=l + loth=information]	D
faggot	menedebosh	bundle of sticks, faggot (noun) [me- =plural + nedebosh=stick]		AB
fall	háda	to fall	U
fall	héda	to drop, spill, let fall [héedá=to pick up, lift up]	D
family	onida	family	C
famine	rahana	famine [ra=non- + ana=food]	D
far	thed	far, to be far	D
far future	aríli	far future, long ahead (time auxiliary) (aril=later)	D
far past	eríli	far past, long ago (Time Auxiliary) [eri=history]	D
farewell	Aril	good-bye, leavetaking, farewell (aril=later)	D
farm	ábed	farm, to farm	D
farmer	ábedá	farmer [ábed=farm + -á=suffix for doer]	D
farming	ehábed	science of farming; agriculture [e-=science of + (h)ábed=farm]
fast	ralóolo	to be fast [ra=non- + lóolo=to be slow ]	D
fast	dod	to fast (not eat), fast	D
fat	zhebom	fat, grease [zhe=like + bom=oil]		SH
fawn	háalemamid	fawn [háa-=young + lemamid=deer]		YML
fear	héeya	fear, to fear, to be afraid	C
feather	yulish	feather [yul=wind + ishid=finger]		SH
feather	hosh	feather	D
February	ayáanin	February (tree month) [A-=month prefix + yáanin=tree]	D
feel	dama	to touch, to feel with the skin. Active touching, feeling. "I am feeling the texture of the yarn." (see láad oyanan, passive touch)	D
feel	náril	to feel internally, to fix your internal attention actively upon something, to-continue-to-present-time. Active internal feeling. "I am feeling angry." (see loláad, passive internal feeling)
feel	láad oyanan	to perceive with the skin, to feel something on your skin, touch. Passive feeling. "The silk feels good to me." (see dama, active touch)	U
feel	loláad	to perceive internally, to feel a mental state or emotion, perceive with the heart (metaphorically). Passive internal feeling. "I feel sad." (see náril, active internal feeling)	D
feeling	loláad	to perceive internally, to feel a mental state or emotion, perceive with the heart (metaphorically). Passive internal feeling. "I feel sad." (see náril, active internal feeling)	D
feeling	náril	to feel internally, to fix your internal attention actively upon something, to-continue-to-present-time. Active internal feeling. "I am feeling angry." (see loláad, passive internal feeling)
fellowship	lol	a feeling of: community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; a group of people gathered with the intention of creating togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, community, cohesiveness; different from a city or a general gathering of people because "lol" implies an intention to create a feeling of cohesiveness within the group. (see lolh)		JLP
fellowship (oppressive)	lolh	an oppressive "lol"; a negative sense of community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; you "belong" but to your severe detriment, for instance being forced to give up valued aspects of yourself to be accepted by the community. (see lol)		JLP
female	ludihá	female (noun)		SH
female	ludi	to be female [lu+di]		SH
fertile	shinóoya	to be fertile, creative [shin=two + óoya=heart]		SH
few	nedebe	to be few, to be several [but not many] (never change form or add case marker)	C
fidget	ishish	to fidget	U	SH
field	ábedun	field of a farm (noun) [ábed=farm + dun=meadow]	U	SH
field	dun	meadow, field	D
field trip	bedihim	school field trip [bedi=learn + (h)im=travel]		JLP
fifteen	shanethab	fifteen (15) [shan=5 + thab=l0]	D
fifty	thabeshan	fifty (50)	D
fill	lob	to fill, fill up	D
final	nonede	a, the final one, the last one [no-=prefix implies completion + nede=one, 1]	D
final	rush	to be last, final	D
finally	doól	at last, finally	D
find	redeb	to find	D
fine	thal	to be good, fine, satisfactory	C
fingernail	bath	nail, fingernail, toenail, claw (body part)	D
fingers	ishid	digit (fingers, toes)	D
fire	óowa	fire	C
firm	radazh	to be hard, firm	D
fish	thili	fish	C
fist	thahoma	fist, to fist		SH
five	shan	five (5)	D
flesh	oya	skin, flesh	D
floor	rabobosh	floor [ra=non- + bo=mountain + bosh=wood]	D
flour	edemezh	flour, to flour [ede=grain + mezh=powder]		CH
flower	mahina	flower	D
fluid (thick)	behili	fluid (thick)
flute	déethel	flute	D
fly	shumáad	to fly	U	SH
focus marker	-hóo	a morpheme that is used to indicate special importance, or to give a word or phrase extra emphasis: Bíi aril bilehóo buzh wa! ("The convention will be _fun_!"): focus marker	D
fog	úushili	fog	U	SH
fold	dóhibeyóo	to fold	U	SH
follow	doth	to follow	D
food	ana	food	C
food store	anawehe	grocery store, food store, to grocery shop [ana=food + wehe=store]		YML
fool's gold	rahobeyal	fool's gold [ra=non- + obeyal=gold]	D
foot	óoma	foot (the body part)	D
for sure	hulehul	for sure (an emphatic, strong positive) [-hul=suffix denoting to an extreme degree]	D
foremother	wohothul	foremother, ancestor [woho=all + thul=parent]	D
forest	olin	forest, woods	D
foretell	diharil	predict; foretell [di=speak + aril=future]
forever	hathehath	forever, time everlasting [hath=time + (e)hath=time]	D
forevermore	ril i aril irilrili	forevermore
forgive	baneban	forgiveness, to forgive	D
fork	batha	fork	D
formalism	eéden	formalism, scientific notation	D
forty	thabebim	forty (40)	D
four	bim	four (4)	D
fourteen	bimethab	fourteen (14) [bim=4 + thab=l0]	D
fowl	lub	poultry, fowl (chicken, duck, goose)	CS
fox	dumidal	fox [mid=creature]	D
fraction	-yi-	fraction marker		SH
fragrant	aba	fragrance, to be fragrant	D
Friday	Rayilesháal	Friday (Above Day) [rayil=above + sháal=day]	D
friend	lan	friend	D
friendliness	dona	friendliness for foolish reasons, to be friendly (dehena, dena, dina, duna=friendliness)	D
friendliness	dehena	friendliness, despite negative circumstances, to be friendly (dena, dina, dona, duna=friendliness)	D
friendliness	duna	friendliness for bad reasons, to be friendly (dehena, dena, dina, dona= friendliness)	D
friendliness	dena	friendliness for good reason, to be friendly (dehena, dina, dona, duna= friendliness)	D
friendliness	dina	friendliness for no reason, to be friendly (dehena, dena,dona, duna=friendliness)	D
friendly	dona	friendliness for foolish reasons, to be friendly (dehena, dena, dina, duna=friendliness)	D
friendly	duna	friendliness for bad reasons, to be friendly (dehena, dena, dina, dona= friendliness)	D
friendly	dina	friendliness for no reason, to be friendly (dehena, dena,dona, duna=friendliness)	D
friendly	dena	friendliness for good reason, to be friendly (dehena, dina, dona, duna= friendliness)	D
friendly	dehena	friendliness, despite negative circumstances, to be friendly (dena, dina, dona, duna=friendliness)	D
frog	ríibib	frog		JP
front	ihé	before (in space), in front of [ihée=after]	C
frost	nith	frost	D
fruit	yu	fruit	C
frustrated	dala	frustration with reason, with someone to blame, which is not futile, to be frustrated (dama, dana, dara, dina= frustration)
frustrated	dara	frustration with reason, with someone to blame, which is futile, to be frustrated (dala, dama, dana, dina= frustration)
frustrated	dina	frustration without reason, without someone to blame, which is not futile, to be frustrated (dala, dama, dana, dara = frustration)
frustrated	dama	frustration with reason, without someone to blame, which is futile, to be frustrated (dala, dana, dara, dina= frustration)
frustrated	dana	frustration with reason, without someone to blame, which is not futile, to be frustrated (dala, dama, dara, dina= frustration)
frustration	dama	frustration with reason, without someone to blame, which is futile, to be frustrated (dala, dana, dara, dina= frustration)
frustration	dara	frustration with reason, with someone to blame, which is futile, to be frustrated (dala, dama, dana, dina= frustration)
frustration	dana	frustration with reason, without someone to blame, which is not futile, to be frustrated (dala, dama, dara, dina= frustration)
frustration	dala	frustration with reason, with someone to blame, which is not futile, to be frustrated (dama, dana, dara, dina= frustration)
frustration	dina	frustration without reason, without someone to blame, which is not futile, to be frustrated (dala, dama, dana, dara = frustration)
full	ume	to be full, abundant	D
full	nolob	to become full [no-=prefix implies completion + lob=to fill up, to fill]	D
fun	bil	fun
funny	dóhada	be funny; be comical		YML
furniture	mo	furniture	U
furry	shane	to be downy, furry	D
future	aril	future (time auxiliary) (aril=later)	D
gadget	rahed	gadget, useless non-tool [ra=non- + ed=tool]	D
game	shida	game [shi=to please]	D
gap	maradal	hole, gap [mar=absence + radal=nothing]		SH
garden	déela	garden	D	SH
gas	wish	gas (oxygen, nitrogen, etc.)	D
gate	urahu	gate [u=to be open + rahu=to be not open]	D
gather	buth	to gather (not used with people)	D
gather	lolin	to gather, assemble, gathering, assembly (said of people)	D
gatherer	róohá	harvester, gatherer [róo=harvest + -á=suffix for doer]	D
gathering	lolin	to gather, assemble, gathering, assembly (said of people)	D
genitalia	wodama	genitalia (female, outer) [wo+dama]		SH
genitalia	wohóol	genitalia (female, all) all female genitalia & reproductive oragans [wo+óol]		SH
gentle	lema	to be gentle	D
geography	ehoth	geography [e-=prefix for science of + hoth=place]	D
geometry	etham	geometry [e-=prefix for science of + tham=circle]	D
geshalt	wésha	geshalt	D
get	thel	to get, obtain	D
get by	thaáhel	to get by	D
gift	rabinilh	gift with strings attached [ra=non- + bini=gift + lh=negative connotation]	D
gift	bini	gift	D
give	ban	to give	C
give & take	banibel	give and take, to give and take [ban=give + i=and + bel=take]		SH
glass	hed	glass (for drinking)	D
globe	thamehal	globe, sphere, planet [tham=circle + -(e)hal=unusual degree]	D
glory	hohama	glory
gloves	ishida	gloves, mittens, socks, stockings [ishid=digit (finger, toe) ishid+a]	D
glutton	yodálh	glutton [yodá=diner + lh=negative connotation]	D
go	sháad	to come, to go (differentiated by the 'source' or 'goal' marker on the following noun)	C
goat	éezh	goat	D
goddess	Lushede	deity, goddess (informal address)	D
gold	obeyal	gold	D
good	hathal	to be good (said of time) [hath+thal]	D
good	thal	to be good, fine, satisfactory	C
good	hothal	to be good (said of place)	D
goodbye	Aril	good-bye, leavetaking, farewell (aril=later)	D
goose	yáazh	goose		CH
gospel	thaledan	gospel [thal=good + (e)dan=language]	D
government	yon	government	D
gown	owe	dress, gown	D
grain	ede	grain	CS
granddaughter	hoówith	granddaughter [with=person]	D
grandmother	hothul	grandmother [thul=parent]	D
grandson	hoówithid	grandson [with=person + -id=suffix for male]	D
granery	edemath	grainery [ede=grain + math=building]	D
grape	éelen	grape	D
grapevine	éelenethil	grapevine [éelen=grape + (e)thil=vine]
grass	hesh	grass	CS
grateful	wíná	gratitude for no reason, to be grateful (see: wéhená, wéná, wóná, wúná)	D
grateful	wúná	gratitude for bad reasons, to be grateful (see: wúná, wéhená, wéná, wíná, wóná)	D
grateful	wéhená	gratitude despite negative circumstances, to be grateful (see: wéná, wíná, wóná, wúná)	D
grateful	wóná	gratitude for foolish reasons, to be grateful (see: wéhená, wéná, wíná, wúná)	D
grateful	wéná	gratitude for good reasons, to be grateful (see: wéhená, wíná, wóná, wúná)	D
gratitude	wóná	gratitude for foolish reasons, to be grateful (see: wéhená, wéná, wíná, wúná)	D
gratitude	wéná	gratitude for good reasons, to be grateful (see: wéhená, wíná, wóná, wúná)	D
gratitude	wíná	gratitude for no reason, to be grateful (see: wéhená, wéná, wóná, wúná)	D
gratitude	wúná	gratitude for bad reasons, to be grateful (see: wúná, wéhená, wéná, wíná, wóná)	D
gratitude	wéhená	gratitude despite negative circumstances, to be grateful (see: wéná, wíná, wóná, wúná)	D
gray	líithin	to be gray	D
grease	zhebom	fat, grease [zhe=like + bom=oil]		SH
great granddaughter	shinehóowith	great granddaughter [shin=two + hóowith=granddaughter]	D
great grandmother	shinehothul	great grandmother [shin=two + hothul=grandmother]	D
great-aunt	hoberídan	great-aunt [berídan=aunt]	D
greatniece	hosherídan	great niece [sherídan=niece]	D
green	liyen	to be green	D
greet	dibithim	to greet [di=say + bithim=to meet]		CH
greeting	Wil sha	greeting, (hello) "Let there be harmony" [wil=let there be + sha=harmony]	D
grief	shina	grief without reason or blame, not futile (see: shala, shama, shana, shara)	D
grief	shana	grief with reason, but with no blame and not futile (see: shala, shama, shara, shina)	D
grief	shala	grief with reason, with blame, and not futile (see: shama, shana, shara, shina)	D
grief	shama	grief with reason, but with no blame, and futile (see: shala, shana, shara, shina)	D
grief	shara	grief with reason, with blame, and futile (see: shala, shama, shana, shina)	D
grind	mezhel	to grind [mezh=powder + el=to create]		CH
grocery shop	anawehe	grocery store, food store, to grocery shop [ana=food + wehe=store]		YML
grocery store	anawehe	grocery store, food store, to grocery shop [ana=food + wehe=store]		YML
ground	doni	ground, dirt, earth, soil	CS
group	olowod	group	D
grow	náwí	grow, growth [ná- =continue to + wí=life]		AB
growth	sháadehul	growth through transcendence, either of a person, a non-human, or thing (for example, an organization, or a city, or a sect) [sháad=to come, go + -hul=suffix denoting to an extreme degree]	D
growth	náwí	grow, growth [ná- =continue to + wí=life]		AB
guardian	lúul	guardian	D
guest	nithedimethóo	refrigerator guest, a guest who shows up unannounced, comes on in & helps herself to whatever's in the 'fridge -- and that's a good thing [nithedim=refrigerator + (e)thóo=guest] (See also: thóo, áathethóo, shineshidethóo, widadithethóo)		AB
guest	thóo	guest (See also: áathethóo, nithedimethóo, shineshidethóo, widadithethóo)	D
guest	shineshidethóo	invited guest [shineshid=invited + (e)thóo=guest] (See also: thóo, áathethóo, nithedimethóo, widadithethóo)		CH
guest	widadithethóo	phone guest, a guest who calls before they come [widadith=telephone + (e)thóo=guest] (See also: thóo, áathethóo, nithedimethóo, shineshidethóo)		CH
guest	áathethóo	door guest, a guest who just shows up at your door [áath=door + (e)thóo=guest] (See also: thóo, nithedimethóo, shineshidethóo, widadithethóo)		CH
guinea pig	humazhomid	guinea pig [humazho=whistle + mid=creature]		SH
guitar	lalen	guitar	D
hail	hishud	hail [hish=snow + ud=stone]	D
hair	delith	hair	D
ham radio	hidel	ham radio [híya=small + del=radio]	D
hand	oma	hand	C
handicap	won	handicap	D
happen	shóo	to come to pass, to happen	D
happy	thena	happines, joy: for good reasons: to be joyful, to be happy (thehena, thina, thona, thuna=joy)	D
harbor	réele	harbor	D
hard	radazh	to be hard, firm	D
harmony	led	harmony in the home		YML
harmony	sha	harmony, to be in harmony	C
harmony-science	esha	"science of harmony"; equivalent to "peacemaking" or "peacekeeping" or "mediation" or "conflict resolution." [e-=science + sha=harmony]
harvest	róo	harvest	D
harvester	róohá	harvester, gatherer [róo=harvest + -á=suffix for doer]	D
hat	yen	hat	D
hatred	lhebe	hatred	U	MLM
have	thi	to have	C
have to	dush	to have to, to be obliged to
he	bi	she/it/he: pronoun: 3rd person: singular: honored
he	behid	he [be=she/it + -id=male gender marker]
he	lhebe	she/it/he: pronoun, 3rd person, singular, despised
he	ba	she/it/he, beloved: pronoun: 3rd person: singular
head	on	head (body part)	D
heal	dutha	to heal	D
heal (not)	radutha	to not-heal, medicine or treatment which does not heal [ra=not + dutha=heal]		SH
healer	eduthahá	doctor, physician, healer [edutha=medicine + -á=suffix for doer]	D
healer	duthahá	healer [dutha=to heal + -á=suffix for doer]	D
healer (evil)	raduthahálh	non-healer with evil intent		SH
healer (not)	raduthahá	not-healer		SH
health	lam	health, to be healthy	D
hear	ma	to hear, to listen, to listen to, to hear. Active hearing. "I am listening for the buzzer." (see láad oyunan, passive hear)	D
hear	láad oyunan	to perceive with the ears, to hear. Passive hearing. "The band sounds good to me." (see ma, active listen)	U
heart	óoya	heart	D
heartbeat	óoyaáláan	pulse, heartbeat [óoya=heart + aáláan=wave]		SH
heaven	olim	paradise, heaven	D
heaven	olimeha	in heaven [olim=heaven + -(e)ha=place case marker]
heavy	sho	to be heavy	D
hedgehog	dathimid	hedgehog (American English, porcupine) [dathi=needle + mid=creature]		YML
hello	Wil sha	greeting, (hello) "Let there be harmony" [wil=let there be + sha=harmony]	D
help	den	help, to help	C
helper	dená	assistant, helper
hem	nohadal	to hem [no-=to finish + (h)adal=sew]	U	SH
her	beth	her/him/it: pronoun, 3rd person, singular, neutral, object [be=she + -th=object marker]
herb	thesh	herb	D
here	nu	here	CS
herself	beyóo	herself/himself/itself [be=she/he/it + -yóo=reflexive marker]
herstory	dedideheril	herstory, the stories women tell of their past, usually based on interpersonal relationships: births, deaths, relocations, marriages, etc.; "Mary was pregnant with her second when...", "Just about the time the tribe moved to..." Differentiated from "eri=>history" in that "eri" strives for neutral record keeping, whereas both "dedideheril" and "dedideherilid" stress the story of the past. [dedide=story + (h)eril=past]		JLP
hide	rumad	to hide, cover, put away	U	SH
hide	shoya	hide, animal skin (noun)		SH
high	íthi	to be high, tall	D
hill	hibo	hill [híya=small + bo=mountain]	D
him	beth	her/him/it: pronoun, 3rd person, singular, neutral, object [be=she + -th=object marker]
himself	beyóohid	himself [be=she/he/it + -yóo=reflexive marker + -id=male gender marker]
hip	rum	hip	D
historian	erihá	historian [eri=history + -(h)á=doer]		YML
history	eri	history [e-=prefix for science of + ri=to keep records]	D
history	dedideherilid	his-story; the stories men tell of their past, usually based on wars, conquests, major disasters; the way the past is told in most late 20th century "history" books. Differentiated from "eri=>history" in that "eri" strives for neutral record keeping, whereas both "dedideheril" and "dedideherilid" stress the story of the past. [dedide=story + (h)eril=past + -id=male]		JLP
hit	olob	blow, strike, hit, trauma	D
hoard	raheb	to hoard, a hoard [ra=non- + eb=to buy, sell]	D
hold	widom	to hold	U
hole	maradal	hole, gap [mar=absence + radal=nothing]		SH
holiday	diídin	holiday	D
holy	othel	to be blessed, holy	D
holy day	shehéeda	holy day [she=to comfort + héeda=to be sacred]	D
home	beth	home	C
honey	thu	honey	D
honor	shadon	truth, honor, conforming to the harmony of the universe [shad=to be perfect, pure + on=head]	D
hope	ul	hope, to hope	D
hops	webesh	hops (the plant)		SH
horn	onethud	horn; antler (noun) [on=head + (e)thud=bone]		AB
horse	omid	horse [o=around + mid=creature]	D
hose	ilu	hose (for liquids)	U
hospital	duthahoth	hospital [dutha=to heal + hoth=place]	D
hospitality	ethóo	hospitality [e-=prefix for science of + thóo=guest]	D
hot	owa	to be warm, hot	C
hot flash	zhAahóowadin	hot flash (menopause symptom) [zhAadin=menopause + óowa=fire]		LA, AB
hotel	both	hotel, motel	D
house	belid	house	D
housebound	shóda	to feel housebound, cut off due to family responsibilities	U	SH
household	lod	household	D
househusband	elodá	housewife, househusband [e-=prefix for science of + lod=household + á=suffix for doer]	D
housewife	elodá	housewife, househusband [e-=prefix for science of + lod=household + á=suffix for doer]	D
how	widaweth	how [wida=carry + weth=path] : Bíi widaweth aril mebedi háawith, lothel ra le wa. "How the children will learn, I don't know."
hull	udoya	shell, carapace, hull [ud=stone + oya=skin]		SH
hundred	debe	one-hundred (100)	D
hunger	yide	to hunger, hungry	D
hungry	yide	to hunger, hungry	D
hurricane	yulehul	hurricane [yul=wind + -hul=suffix denoting to an extreme degree]	D
hurt	úuya	to hurt, feel pain	C
hypothesis	lithewil	hypothesis [lith=to think + Wil...=let there be]	D
hypothetical	rilrili	hypothetical, would, might, let's suppose (Time Auxiliary)	D
I	la	I: pronoun: 1st person: singular: beloved
I	li	I: pronoun, 1st person, singular, honored
I	le	I: pronoun: 1st person: singular: neutral
I	lhele	I: pronoun, 1st person, singular, despised
identity	zheledal	self, identity [zhe=like + le=me + dal=thing]		SH
if	bre...ébre	if .. then	C
ignorance	raloth	ignorance [ra=non- + loth-information]	D
ignore	rahilh	to non-attend, ignore, withhold attention with evil intent [rahil=to withhold attention + lh= gives negative connotation]	D
ignore	rahil	to non-attend, ignore, withhold attention [ra=non- + il=pay attention to]	D
illness	éeya	sickness, disease, illness	C
illusion	búláa	illusion [bú=perverse + láa=perception]
illusion (harmful)	búláalh	perverse/harmful illusion [bú=perverse + láa=perception + -lh=perjorative]
implement (writing)	thode	writing implement; short form of dalethodewan	D
implement (writing)	dalethodewan	writing implement [dale=object + thod=to write + -(e)wan=sufiix for purpose, in order to]
important	oth	to be important	D
inappropriate	shulhe	to be inappropriate, to not fit, to be wrong for [shule+ih=negative connotation]	D
increase	náraheb	to increase [ná+raheb]		EB
indifference	lash	indifference	D
infant	á-	prefix to signify infant, baby, very young creature (see háa-, yáa-)
infant	áwith	baby, infant, very young person [á-=baby + with=person] (see háawith, yáawith)	D
infant	áwithid	male baby, male infant [áwith=baby + -id=suffix for male]	D
infinite	ranonede	to be infinite		EB
information	loth	information	D
information science	eloth	information science [e-=prefix for science of + loth=information]	D
inhabit	habelid	to live in, inhabit [belid=house ha+belid]	D
inherit	thazh	to inherit, inherited	D
insect	zhub	insect	C
insect	lhezhub	noxious insect [lh=negative connotation + zhub=insect]	D
inside	nil	inside	C
insomnia	raháana	insomnia [ra=non- + áana=sleep]	D
instrument (musical)	dalehale	musical instrument	U
intent	nédeshub	intent [néde+shub]	D
interact	ladinime	to interact, interacting	U
interface	dodel	interface, to interface (It would be appropriate for the interface the linguists used in the Native Tongue trilogy to let their infants acquire Alien languages natively; it would be appropriate for the interface that was used to allow human/dolphin interaction in that area of research. It would be appropriate for those diagrams that show two or more areas with overlapping bits -- territory where both or all of the areas overlap.)	D
interpret	déedan	to interpret [dan=language]	D
interruption	theni	interruption [then=to break + -i=diminutive(small)]		SH
intersection	sheni	intersection	D
intestines	hodáath	bowels [hod=stomach + áath=door], intestines	D
intiution	loyan	intuition	U	SH
investigation	ezhab	investigation [e-=prefix for science of + zhab=puzzles]	D
invited	shineshid	to be invited	D
irresponsible	rahesh	to be irresponsible [ra=non- + ahesh=to be responsible]	D
irritant	rahub	irritant substance [ra=non- + ub=balm]	D
island	mari	island	D
it	ba	she/it/he, beloved: pronoun: 3rd person: singular
it	bi	she/it/he: pronoun: 3rd person: singular: honored
it	lhebe	she/it/he: pronoun, 3rd person, singular, despised
it	beth	her/him/it: pronoun, 3rd person, singular, neutral, object [be=she + -th=object marker]
itch	oyada	to itch	U	SH
itself	beyóo	herself/himself/itself [be=she/he/it + -yóo=reflexive marker]
ivy	boóbil	ivy		SH
January	Alel	January (seaweed month) [A-=month prefix + lel=seaweed]	D
Jesus	Zheshu	Jesus of Nazareth (loan word)	D
jewel	thede	jewel	D
jonquil	léeli	jonquil, daffodil, narcissus	D
joy	thuna	happiness, joy: for bad reasons: to be joyful, to be happy (thehena, thena, thina, thona=joy)	D
joy	thona	happiness, joy: for foolish reasons: to be joyful, to be happy (thehena, thena, thina, thuna=joy)	D
joy	thena	happines, joy: for good reasons: to be joyful, to be happy (thehena, thina, thona, thuna=joy)	D
joy	thina	happiness, joy: for no reason: to be joyful, to be happy (thehena, thena, thona, thuna=joy)	D
joy	thehena	happiness, joy: despite negative circumstances: to be joyful, to be happy (thena, thina, thona, thuma= joy]	D
joyful	thehena	happiness, joy: despite negative circumstances: to be joyful, to be happy (thena, thina, thona, thuma= joy]	D
joyful	thena	happines, joy: for good reasons: to be joyful, to be happy (thehena, thina, thona, thuna=joy)	D
joyful	thuna	happiness, joy: for bad reasons: to be joyful, to be happy (thehena, thena, thina, thona=joy)	D
joyful	thona	happiness, joy: for foolish reasons: to be joyful, to be happy (thehena, thena, thina, thuna=joy)	D
joyful	thina	happiness, joy: for no reason: to be joyful, to be happy (thehena, thena, thona, thuna=joy)	D
juice	éeb	juice, sap	D
July	Ameda	July (vegetable month) [A-=month prefix + meda=vegetable]	D
jump	oób	to jump	D
June	Athesh	June (herb month) [A-=month prefix + thesh=herb]	D
junk food	rahana	junk food [ra=non- + ana=food]	D
keep track	riweth	to keep track of	U
kelp	yáalin	kelp		SH
kettle	dizh	kettle	D
kidney	yeb	kidney	D
king	unáhid	king [uná=leader + -(h)id=male]	D
king	huhid	king [hu=ruler + -(h)id=male]	D
kiss	odámála	to caress with the lips, kiss [odama=lips + lámála=caress]		SH
knick-knack	mathom	knick-knack, useless object (Tolkien loanword)		SH
knife	hum	knife	D
know	an	to know (of people)	C
know	lothel	to know (not of people) [loth=information]	D
kudzu	huthil	kudzu [hu=ruler + thil=vine]		SH
labia	owo	labia		SH
labia	liliháaláa	labia majora & minora [lili+áalaá]		JP
lamp	ithedal	lamp, light, light making object [ith=light + dal=thing]	D
land	adoni	to land (as a ship or plane); also a landing	D
language	dan	language (dáan=word)	C
language (birth)	wobanedan	native tongue, birth language [woban=birth + (e)dan=language]
large	rahíya	to be big, large [ra=non- + híya=to be small]	D
last	rush	to be last, final	D
last	nonede	a, the final one, the last one [no-=prefix implies completion + nede=one, 1]	D
later	aril	later, after (in time)	C
laugh	ada	laugh, to laugh	D
laugh at	lhada	to laugh at; to scorn; to ridicule, scorn, ridicule [lh- =pejorative + ada=laugh]		AB
lava	udólo	lava		SH
lavish	dimil	lavish, luxurious, sumptuous		AB
layer	bre	layer	D
lead	un	to lead somebody/something	D
leader	uná	leader	D
leaf	mi	leaf, as in leaf of a tree, not a page in a book	CS
learn	obedi	to learn a skill, to body-learn [oba=body + bedi=learn]		SH
learn	bedi	to learn	D
learner	bedihá	student, learner [bedi=learning + á=suffix for doer]	D
leavetaking	Aril	good-bye, leavetaking, farewell (aril=later)	D
left	hiwetha	left (direction) [hi=this + weth=way + a=leftward]
leg	óoba	leg	D
lemon	hezh	lemon [hizh=lime]	D
lesbian	lushimá	lesbian, homosexual female		SH
lesson	bedina	lesson (see also: bediloth, bedilhoth, bediwoth)	U	AH
lesson	bediloth	knowledge lesson (see also: bedina, bedilhoth, bediwoth) [bedi=learn + loth=information]	U	AH
lesson	bedilhoth	useless knowledge lesson (see also: bedina, bediloth, bediwoth) [bedi=learn + -lh-=pejorative + loth=information]	U	AH
lesson	bediwoth	wisdom lesson (see also: bedina, bediloth, bedilhoth) [bedi=learn + woth=wisdom]	U	AH
let there be	wil	let there be..., would that..., may, let it be	D
lettuce	ilimeda	lettuce [ili=water + meda=vegetable]	D
lexical gap	édáan	lexical gap [é+dáan]	U
library	wéehoth	library [wéedan=to read + hoth=place]	D
lie down	rúu	to lie down	D
life	wí	life	D
lift	héedá	to pick up, lift up [héda=to drop, let fall]	D
light	ithedal	lamp, light, light making object [ith=light + dal=thing]	D
light	ith	light	D
lightning	lish	to lightning	D
lightning bolt	ezhahith	lightning bolt [ezha=snake + ith=light]	D
like	zhe	to be like, as, similar	C
lilac	lehina	lilac (the flower, bush)	D
lime	hizh	lime [hezh= lemon]	D
line	bod	line (on a surface or of a computer program)	D
linguist	edaná	linguist [edan=linguistics + á=suffix for doer]	D
linguistics	edan	linguistics [e=prefix for science of + dan=language]	D
lip	odama	lip, lips (of the mouth)		SH
list	wilibod	list [wili=river + bod=line]
listen	ma	to hear, to listen, to listen to, to hear. Active hearing. "I am listening for the buzzer." (see láad oyunan, passive hear)	D
live	habelid	to live in, inhabit [belid=house ha+belid]	D
liver	web	liver	D
livestock	womil	livestock	D
living	wíi	to be alive, living [wi=life]	C
lizard	éezha	lizard		CH
long ahead	aríli	far future, long ahead (time auxiliary) (aril=later)	D
look	il	to see, to watch, to look at, to pay attention to, to observe. Active seeing, which includes looking, watching, observing, and paying active attention to something visually. "I am watching you." (see lAad oyinan, passive seeing)	D
look	láad oyinan	to perceive with the eyes, to see, to look. Passive seeing. "I see the flower." (see il, active seeing)	U
lose	wem	to lose	D
love	ab	love for one liked but not respected	D
love	azh	love for one sexually desired now	D
love	áazh	love for one sexually desired at one time, but not now	D
love	sham	love for the child of one's body, presupposing neither love nor respect nor their absence	D
love	aye	love which is an unwelcome burden	D
love	oham	love for that which is holy	D
love	áayáa	mysterious love, not yet known to be welcome or not	D
love	am	love for one related by blood	D
love	ad	love for one respected but not liked	D
love	ashon	love for one not related by blood, but heart-kin	D
love	éeme	love for one neither liked nor respected	D
love	ralhoham	love for evil [ra=non- + oham=love for that which is holy]	D
love	a	love (for inanimates only); to love (inanimates only)	C
lover	azhur	lover		AH
lover (female)	lilahá	lover (female only - not used to refer to males) [lila=to female sexual act + -á=suffix for doer]	D
lovingkindness	donidan	lovingkindness	D
lovingkindnesser	donidaná	lovingkindnesser, one who channels lovingkindness [donidan=lovingkindness + -á=suffix for doer]	D
lunch	anadal	meal (general term) (breakfast, lunch, dinner, etc) [ana=food + dal=thing]	D
luxurious	dimil	lavish, luxurious, sumptuous		AB
machine	zhob	machine	D
magic	yahanesh	magic, enchantment	D
Magic Granny	Shósho	Magic Granny (character in stories)	D
make	el	to make	D
maker	elá	creator, maker
male	-id	suffix for male
male	withid	man, male person [with=person + -id=suffix for male]	D
male-identified	withidetho	male-identified		SH
males	ewithid	science of males [e-=prefix for science of + with=person + -id=suffix for male]	D
mall	wehebuth	mall, a gathering of stores [wehe=store + buth=gather]		JLP
mama	emath	mother, mama (intimate, informal) (see: mathul, shathul)	D
man	withid	man, male person [with=person + -id=suffix for male]	D
manifest	dam	to manifest, to show signs of some state or emotion, used like English 'seem'	D
manners	shal	manners, courtesy	D
man-time	hatherilid	man-time; marking the passage of time based on important sporting events, wars, conquests, major disasters; the way time is market in most late 20th century "history" books. [hath=time + eril=past + -id=male] (see hatheril)		JLP
many	menedebe	to be many [me-=plural marker + nedebe=to be few] (never change form or add case marker)	C
map	luben	map	D
March	Ahesh	March (grass month) [A-=month prefix + hesh=grass]	D
market	wehe	store, market	D
marsh	alu	marsh, swamp		SH
mask	onabel	mask, to mask	U
masquerade	budehalid	masquerade [bud=clothing + (e)halid=competition]
massage	lilathun	massage (noun and verb)		CF
mathematics	elamith	mathematics [e + lamith]	U	AH
matrix	wodazhud	matrix (in geology)		SH
mattress	hóo	mattress	D
May	Amahina	May (flower month) [A-=month prefix + mahina=flower]	D
me	leth	me: pronoun, 1st person, singular, neutral, object [le=I + -th=object marker]
mead	thuwebe	mead [thu=honey + webe=beer]	D
meadow	dun	meadow, field	D
meal	anadal	meal (general term) (breakfast, lunch, dinner, etc) [ana=food + dal=thing]	D
meat	deheni	meat	D
medicine	edutha	medicine [e-=prefix for science of + dutha=to heal]	D
meditate	wodehahdo	meditate, to meditate, sit in a meditative state [wod=sit + hahodo=medatative state of consciousness]		JLP
meet	bithim	to meet, meet with, meeting	U
melody	wethalehale	melody (literally, music path)	D
melon	ozhi	melon	D
memory	elothel	memory [eloth=information science e+loth+el]	D
menopause	azháadin	to menopause uneventfully [zháadin=to menopause]	D
menopause	zháadin	to menopause [zháa=wrinkle]	D
menopause	elazháadin	to menopause when it's welcome [zháadin=to menopause ela+zháadin]	D
men's clothing	owehid	men's garment, men's clothing [owe=dress + -id=suffix for male]	D
menstruate	elasháana	to menstruate for the first time, menstruation [osháana=to menstruate ela+osháana]	D
menstruate	zhesháana	to menstruate in sync with another woman, menstruation [zhe=like +sháana]
menstruate	osháana	to menstruate, menstrual, menstruation	C
menstruate	husháana	to menstruate painfully, menstruation [osháana=to menstruate]	D
menstruate	desháana	to menstruate early, menstruation [osháana=to menstruate]	D
menstruate	wesháana	to menstruate late, menstruation [osháana=to menstruate]	D
menstruate	ásháana	joyful menstruation, to menstruate joyfully (osháana=to menstruate)	D
menstruation	ásháana	joyful menstruation, to menstruate joyfully (osháana=to menstruate)	D
mercy	yidan	mercy	D
meta	lée-	meta- [prefix]	D
metal	badazh	metal
metaphor	zhedal	metaphor, simile [zhe=like + dal=thing]	U	SH
middle	shiniledal	middle [shin=two + nil=inside + (e)dal=thing]		SH
might	rilrili	hypothetical, would, might, let's suppose (Time Auxiliary)	D
milk	lalal	mother's milk	D
milk	lal	milk	D
million	rod	million (1,000,000)	D
mind	óoyahonetha	mind [óoya=heart + on=head + -tha=suffix for possession by reason of birth]	D
mineral	bad	mineral	CS
mirror	betheb	mirror, to mirror	D
misogyny	withelhebe	misogyny, hatred of women	U	MLM
mist	shili	mist	U	SH
mistranslate	rahéelhedan	to deliberately mistranslate with evil intent [rahéedan=to mistranslate + lh=give negative connotation]	D
mistranslate	rahéedan	to mistranslate [ra=non- + héedan=to translate]	D
misunderstand	rahen	to misunderstand, misunderstanding [ra=not + (h)en=understand]		YML
mittens	ishida	gloves, mittens, socks, stockings [ishid=digit (finger, toe) ishid+a]	D
mode	nub	mode	D
modem	modem	modem [loanword]	D
momilies	hothulewoth	"momilies", some piece of knowledge or lore that has been passed from mother to daughter for at least two generations [hothul=grandmother + woth=wisdom]		CH
Monday	Henesháal	Monday (East Day) [hene=east + sháal=day]	D
money	losh	money, credit	D
month	hathóol	month [hath=time + óol=moon]	D
moon	óol	moon	C
mop	iliwush	mop [ili=water + wush=broom]	D
morning	háasháal	morning [háa=young + sháa=dayl]		SH
morning glory	elathil	morning glory [ela+thil]		SH
morpheme	yudáan	morpheme
motel	both	hotel, motel	D
moth	óoloó	moth (butterfly=áalaá pattern using moon=óol)		SH
mother	emath	mother, mama (intimate, informal) (see: mathul, shathul)	D
mother	shathul	mother (formal term, honored mother) [sha=harmony + thul=parent] (see: mathul, ethul)	D
mother	mathul	mother (intimate informal term, but not Mama) [ma=to listen + thul=parent] (see: ethul, shathul)	D
motivation	nédeshubel	motivation [néde=to want + shub=to do + el=to make]		SH
mountain	bo	mountain	CS
mourn	óom	to mourn	D
mouse	edemid	mouse [ede=grain + mid=creature]		YML
mouth	óoyo	mouth
move	mina	to move	C
mud	donili	mud		SH
mule	wothemid	mule [woth+mid wisdom-creature]	D
murky	rawedeth	to be murky, obscure [ra=non- + wedeth=to be clear]	D
muscle	thun	muscle	D
mushroom	mud	mushroom	D
music	alehale	music, to make music (sing, whistle, musical instrument)	D
myself	leyóo	myself: 1st person, singular, neutral, reflexive pronoun
mystery	lush	mystery	D
myth	dedidewoth	myth, does not mean untruth [dedide=story; woth=wisdom]	D
nail	bath	nail, fingernail, toenail, claw (body part)	D
name	zha	name	D
nanny	háwithá	baby nurse, nanny [áwith=baby + -á=suffix for doer]	D
narcissus	léeli	jonquil, daffodil, narcissus	D
narrow	híyamesh	narrow [híya=small + mesh=across]		AB
nation	shishidebeth	nation	D
native tongue	wobanedan	native tongue, birth language [woban=birth + (e)dan=language]
near	thoma	near
neck	womedim	neck (body part) [wom=throat + dim=container]	D
nectar	hom	nectar	D
nectarine	homeyu	nectarine [hom=nectar + yu=fruit]	D
need	them	need, need for/of	D
needle	dathi	needle		SH
needlework	dathim	needlework, to needlework	D
neighbor	obeth	neighbor	D
nerve	bid	nerve	D
network	shenidal	network [sheni=intersection + dal=thing]	D
neurology	ebid	neurology [e-=prefix for science of + bid=nerve]	D
never	rahath	never	U
never	rahadihad	never [ra=non- + hadihad=always]	C
nevertheless	éde	nevertheless	D
news	dishóodal	to tell news [di=tell + shóo=happen; come to pass + dal=thing]		AB
news	shóodal	news [shóo=happen;come to pass + dal=thing]		AB
nibble	dashelámála	nibble, caress with teeth [dash=tooth + lámála=caress]		YML
niece	sherídan	niece	D
night	náal	night	D
nine	bud	nine (9)	D
nineteen	budethab	nineteen (19) [bud=9 + thab=l0]	D
ninety	thabebud	ninty (90)	D
no	ra	no, not (interjection); To make a sentence negative, put "ra" right after the verb.	C
no how	ranal	no how, in no way [ra=non- + -nal=suffix for manner]	D
no way	ranal	no how, in no way [ra=non- + -nal=suffix for manner]	D
nobody	rawith	nobody [ra=non- + with=person]	D
node	rad	node	D
noise	zholh	noise [zho=sound + lh=negative connotation]	D
non	ra-	non-[prefix]	D
none	rawoho	none, not at all [ra=non- + woho=all]	D
non-meta	ralée-	non-meta [prefix], something absurdly or dangerously narrow in scope or range	D
non-neighbor	rahobeth	non-neighbor, one who lives nearby but does not fulfill a neighbor's role (not necessarily pejorative) [obeth=neighbor]	D
non-touch	radama	to non-touch, avoiding touch, to actively refrain from touching [ra=non- + dama=to touch]	D
non-touch	radamalh	to non-touch with evil intent [radama=to non-touch + lh=negative connotation]	D
noon	udath	noon	D
north	hun	north	D
nose	oyo	nose
not	ra	no, not (interjection); To make a sentence negative, put "ra" right after the verb.	C
nothing	radal	nothing [ra=non- + dal=thing]	D
novelist	dedidethodá	novelist, storywriter [dedide=story + thod=write + -á=doer]		JLP
November	Athon	November (seed month) [A-=month prefix + thon=seed]	D
now	ril	present time, now (Time Auxiliary)	D
now	ril	now	C
nowhere	rahoth	nowhere [ra=non- + hoth=place]	D
nuisance	uhud	nuisance	D
number	lami	number, numeral	U	SH
numeral	lami	number, numeral	U	SH
nurse	onin	nurse	D
nurture	naya	to take care of, nurture	C
nut	yumal	nut
nut tree	mal	nut-tree	D
nutrition	ehana	nutrition [e-=prefix for science of + ana=food)	D
oak	doyáanin	oak [do=strong + yáanin=tree]		SH
obfuscate	ralhewedeth	to obfuscate [ra=non- + wedeth=to be clear + lh=negative connotation]	D
object	daleshun	ceremonial object [dale=object + shun=ceremony]	U
object	dale	object, any made thing	C
obliged	dush	to have to, to be obliged to
obscure	rawedeth	to be murky, obscure [ra=non- + wedeth=to be clear]	D
observe	il	to see, to watch, to look at, to pay attention to, to observe. Active seeing, which includes looking, watching, observing, and paying active attention to something visually. "I am watching you." (see lAad oyinan, passive seeing)	D
obtain	thel	to get, obtain	D
ocean	mela	ocean, sea	D
ocean dweller	melahá	ocean-dweller [mela=ocean + -á=suffix for doer]	D
October	Ayu	October (fruit month) [A-=month prefix + yu=fruit]	D
odd	bú	to be perverse, quirky, odd, hard to understand
office	hohal	office, workplace [hal=to work ho+hal]	D
offspring	háawith	child, youth, child person, general term for offspring [háa-=child + with=person] (see áwith, yáawith)	D
offspring	háa-	prefix to signify child, youth, young creature, general prefix for offspring (see á-, yáa-)
often	hath menedebe	often [hath=time + menedebe=many]	D
oil	bom	oil (household), to oil	D
old	balin	to be old	CS
omnipotence	hohathad	all-power, omnipotence (without the feature 'male')	D
on	nol	on, upon	U
one	nede	one, (1)	C
onion	bremeda	onion [bre=layer + meda=vegetable]	D
only	neda	only [nede=one]	D
open	u	to be open	D
opera	dedidelom	opera [dedide=story + lom=song]		YML
or	e	or, either	C
orange	layun	to be orange	D
orange	yun	orange (the fruit)	D
ore	badazhud	ore [badazh=metal + ud=stone]
ornament	dimilin	ornament	D
orphan	nuthul	orphan [thul=parent]	D
otter	elalimid	otter [ela+ili+mid]		SH
our	lenethoth	our (other, object) [len=1st person, many neutral + -(e)tho=possessive (other) + -th=object case marker]
our	lenetha	our (by reason of birth) [len=we-many + -(e)tha=posessive suffix, by reason of birth]
our	lenetho	our [len=we-many + -(e)tho=posessive suffix, other]
outcast	rahabelhidá	an exile, outcast [rahabelhid=to exile + -á=suffix for doer]	D
outline	oyabod	outline, silhouette [oya=skin + bod=line]		SH
outside	ranil	outside, out [ra=non- + nil=inside]	C
ovary	hib	ovary		YML
oven	óob	oven	D
overflow	shulin	to overflow, as water does	D
owl	húumid	owl húu (onomatopoeia) [mid=creature]	D
owner	thihá	owner, possessor [thi=to have + -á=suffix for doer]	D
oxalis	boómi	clover, oxalis [boó=three + mi=leaf]		SH
page	miháabe	page (of book) [mi=leaf + (h)áabe=book]	U	SH
pain	úuya	to hurt, feel pain	C
pain	heyi	pain	D
pain (absence)	shol	absence-of-pain	D
palm	óoyaha oma	palm of the hand	U
panel	dihomedal	panel, convention panel discussion [di=talk + hom=teach + (e)dal=thing]
pants	inad	trousers, pants	D
paper	mel	paper	D
paradise	olim	paradise, heaven	D
pardon me	hoda	apology, pardon me, phrase to indicate that you regret whatever it is that you find yourself obliged to do -- like interrupting someone (see hóoda)	D
parent	thul	parent	CS
park	heshehoth	park [hesh=grass + (e)hoth=place]	D
parsley	aálesh	parsley, the herb		SH
part	wud	part (of a machine, etc)	D
past	eril	past (Time Auxiliary); a word used to indicate past time [eri=history]	D
past	eríli	far past, long ago (Time Auxiliary) [eri=history]	D
pasta	ededal	pasta [ede=grain + dal=thing]	D
path	weth	road, way, path, track	C
peace	shon	peace	D
peacemaker	shoná	peacemaker [shon=peace + -á=suffix for doer]	D
peace-science	eshon	peace-science [e-=prefix for science of + shon=peace]	D
pearl	nem	pearl	D
peel	yuhoya	peel, peeling (noun) [yu=friut + (h)oya=skin]		SH
pejorative	lh- or -lh or -lh-	bad (intentionally) <infix> The pejorative element "lh" can always be added to a word to give it a negative connotation, so long as it precedes or follows a vowel and does not violate the rules of the Laadan sound system by creating a forbidden cluster. The addition of "lh" need not create an actual new word; for example, "awith " means "baby"-to use instead "lhawith" (or awithelh") means only something like "the darned baby" and is ordinarily a temporary addition. But it is very handy indeed. We are indebted to the Navajo language for this device.
penis	bom	penis	D
perceive	loláad	to perceive internally, to feel a mental state or emotion, perceive with the heart (metaphorically). Passive internal feeling. "I feel sad." (see náril, active internal feeling)	D
perceive	láad	to perceive [láa=perception]	C
perceive (ears)	láad oyunan	to perceive with the ears, to hear. Passive hearing. "The band sounds good to me." (see ma, active listen)	U
perceive (eyes)	láad oyinan	to perceive with the eyes, to see, to look. Passive seeing. "I see the flower." (see il, active seeing)	U
perceive (internally)	loláad	to perceive internally, to feel a mental state or emotion, perceive with the heart (metaphorically). Passive internal feeling. "I feel sad." (see náril, active internal feeling)	D
perceive (mouth)	láad óoyonan	to perceive with the mouth, to taste. Passive tasting. "The dinner tastes good to me." (see lóoyo, active taste)	U
perceive (nose)	láad oyonan	to perceive with the nose, to smell. Passive smelling. "The candle smells good to me." (see shu, active smell)	U
perceive (skin)	láad oyanan	to perceive with the skin, to feel something on your skin, touch. Passive feeling. "The silk feels good to me." (see dama, active touch)	U
perceiver	láadá	perceiver, the one who perceives [láa=perception]	D
perception	láa	perception [láad=to perceive]	D
perception (relinquish)	zhaláad	the act of relinquishing a cherished/ comforting/familiar illusion or frame of perception [zha=name + láad=to perceive]	D
perception language	Láadan	[perception language]
perfect	shad	to be perfect, pure	D
perform	wilomina	to perform, act [wil=let/may + oba=body + mina=move]		SH
person	with	person, woman, adult ; to specify a male person, add the masculine suffix '-id'	C
persona	zheledam	persona [zhe=like + le=me + dam=seem]		SH
perverse	bú	to be perverse, quirky, odd, hard to understand
pharmacy	eduthawehe	pharmacy [edutha=science of healing + wehe=store]		YML
philosophy	ehen	philosophy [e-=prefix for science of + en=to understand]	D
phrase	hulehul	for sure (an emphatic, strong positive) [-hul=suffix denoting to an extreme degree]	D
phrase	Oho	you're welcome (polite phrase)	D
phrase	wu	such a..., what a...	D
phrase	Wil sha	greeting, (hello) "Let there be harmony" [wil=let there be + sha=harmony]	D
physician	eduthahá	doctor, physician, healer [edutha=medicine + -á=suffix for doer]	D
piano	zhuth	piano	D
pick up	héedá	to pick up, lift up [héda=to drop, let fall]	D
picture	dadem	picture	D
pie	thizh	pie		CH
pig	muda	pig	CS
pillow	thom	pillow	CS
pin	dathidal	pin (noun) [dathi=needle + dal=thing]		SH
pitcher	raliha	pitcher	D
place	hoth	place	C
place (blessed)	othelehoth	blessed place [othel=blessed + (e)hoth=place]		JLP
place (community)	lolehoth	a community place, building and grounds of a place intended to nurture the needs of the people who belong [lol=community + (e)hoth=place]		JLP
placid	wam	to be placid, still, calm (as of water, wind)	D
plain	rabo	plain, flat plain [ra=non- + bo=mountain]	D
plain	radimil	plain, simple, unadorned [ra- =not + dimil=lavish]		AB
planet	thamehal	globe, sphere, planet [tham=circle + -(e)hal=unusual degree]	D
plant	dala	plant, any growing thing	C
plant	madoni	to plant		SH
plate	rin	plate (dish)	D
play	elash	to play		SH
please	lu	please, polite phrase	D
please	shi	to please	D
pleasure	méeshim	pleasure (sexual)
pleasure	méesh	pleasure (not said of sexual pleasure)
pliant	dazh	to be yielding, pliant, soft	C
plow	donihum	plow, to plow [doni=ground + hum=knife]		YML
poem	lalidáan	poem [lali+dáan]	U
poem	dáanelom	poem [dáan=word + lom=song]	D
poet	dáanashoná	poet	D
poet	lalidáaná	poet [lalidáan+á]
poetics	edáanashon	poetics (the science of poetry)	D
poetry	edáanelom	poetry	D
point	dath	point		SH
poison	lhu	poison, to poison [lh=negative connotation]	D
police	zhethalel	to police; to act as police [zhethal=just(ice) + el=make]		AB
police	zhethalelá	police officer [zhethal=just(ice) + -á =doer/maker]		AB
police officer	zhethalelá	police officer [zhethal=just(ice) + -á =doer/maker]		AB
poor	shud	to be poor	D
porcupine	dathimid	hedgehog (American English, porcupine) [dathi=needle + mid=creature]		YML
portentous	éeba	portentous
possessor	thihá	owner, possessor [thi=to have + -á=suffix for doer]	D
potato	udemeda	potato [ud=stone + (e)meda=vegetable]	D
potential	é-	prefix for potential	U
potter	ebodá	ceramist, potter
poultry	lub	poultry, fowl (chicken, duck, goose)	CS
powder	mezh	powder		CH
practice	olanin	to practice (ulanin=to study)		SH
praise	dithal	praise, to praise [dith=voice + thal=good]	D
prayer	ohamedi	prayer [oham=love for that which is holy + di=to say, speak]	D
predicate	shoth	predicate	D
predict	diharil	predict; foretell [di=speak + aril=future]
pregnant	lóda	to be pregnant wearily [lawida=to be pregnant]	D
pregnant	lawida	to be pregnant	D
pregnant	lalewida	to be pregnant joyfully [lawida=to be pregnant]	D
pregnant	lewidan	to be pregnant for the first time [lawida=to be pregnant]	D
pregnant	widazhad	to be pregnant late in term and eager for the end [wida=to carry + lawida=to be pregnant]	D
presence	ram	presence	D
present	ril	present time, now (Time Auxiliary)	D
present	ham	to be present, attend, there is/there are [a. Mary Smith is present. (Or "is here.") b. Mary Smith will attend the meeting tomorrow. (Or "will be at the meeting tomorrow.") c. There is a tree beside the church./There are trees beside the church. (A tree is/Trees are present in this scene, beside the church.)]	C
price	nath	price	D
principle	dolelith	principle [dol=root + lith=thought]	U
printer	raneran	printer, computer printer [ran=typewriter]	D
prisoner	zhilhad	prisoner	D
prize	bish	prize
program	bodibod	program, to program (computer) [bod=line + i=and]	D
promise	bédi	promise, to promise	U	MLM
pronoun reflexive marker	-ye-	Indefinites: use the basic pronoun form, plus "-ye-", plus the Case Marker.
pronoun reflexive marker	-báa-	Interrogatives (who, which, what): use the base form, plus "-báa-", plus Case Marker
pronoun reflexive marker	-yóo-	Reflexive (myself): use the base form, plus "-yóo-", plus Case Marker
pronoun suffix	-n	pronoun suffix: many
pronoun suffix	-zh	pronoun suffix: several
proposition	halith	proposition, argument	D
psalm	sháam	psalm [loanword]	D
psychology	elith	psychology [e-=prefix for science of + lith=think]	D
pulse	óoyaáláan	pulse, heartbeat [óoya=heart + aáláan=wave]		SH
pure	shad	to be perfect, pure	D
purple	lula	to be purple	D
purr	thenazho	to purr		AH
purr	rulelo	to purr	U	AH
purse	dimod	bag, sack, purse [dim=container + od=cloth]	D
put away	rumad	to hide, cover, put away	U	SH
puzzle	zhab	enigma, puzzle	D
quarrel	rashon	argument, quarrel, to argue, to quarrel, not used of an 'argument' in a theory or an equation or a proposition [ra-non- + shon=peace]	D
quest	sháadoni	to quest for truth		SH
quest	nárilim	to quest internally [náril=to feel + im=travel]		SH
quilt	balish	quilt, to quilt not patchwork [báalish=patchwork quilt]	D
quilt	báalish	patchwork quilt, to quilt [balish=quilt, not patchwork]	D
quirky	bú	to be perverse, quirky, odd, hard to understand
rabbit	shanemid	rabbit [shane=furry + mid=creature]	D
radiance	míili	radiance [míi=to be amazed]	D
radio	del	radio	D
rain	lali	rain, to rain [ili=water]	D
rake	heshedon	rake, to rake [hesh=grass + (e)don=comb]		SH
rape	ralh	rape; to rape	U
rape	lhobom	to rape	U	MLM
rapport	óothadama	rapport; also, to experience rapport (AH) [óotha+dama]
read	wéedan	to read [dan=language]	D
reason	obed	cause, reason	D
recognize	láadom	to recognize [láa=perception + dom=remember]		SH
record	ri	to record, to keep records	D
recount	diheril	reminisce; recount past events [di=speak + eril=past]		AB
rectum	nohodáath	rectum [no-=to finish + hodáath=bowels]		SH
red	laya	to be red	D
redwood	óowáanin	redwood [óowa=fire + yáanin=tree]		SH
reek	rabalh	to stink, reek [ra=non- + aba=to be fragrant + lh=negative connotation]	D
refresh	dul	to give rest, to refresh	D
refrigerator	nithedim	refrigerator [nith=frost + dim=container]	D
regard	shé	with regard to (loanword)	U
regret	zhala	regret with reason, with blame, and not futile (see: zhala, zhama, zhana, zhara, zhina)	D
regret	zhama	regret with reason, but with no blame, and futile (see: zhala, zhana, zhara, zhina)
regret	zhina	regret without reason or blame, not futile (see: zhala, zhama, zhana, zhara)
regret	zhana	regret with reason, but with no blame and not futile (see: zhala, zhama, zhara, zhina)
regret	zhara	regret with reason, with blame, and futile (see: zhala, zhama, zhana, zhina)
rejoice	lo	to rejoice	D
relief	doóleshol	relief [doól=al last + shol=absence-of-pain]		SH
religion	ehéeda	religion [e-=prefix for science of + héeda=sacred]	D
remedy	duthesh	herbal remedy		SH
remember	obadom	to body-remember (like remembering how to ride a bicycle) [oba=body + dom=remember]	U	SH
remember	dom	to remember	CS
reminisce	diheril	reminisce; recount past events [di=speak + eril=past]		AB
Repetition Morpheme	badan	repeatedly, in a pattern over which humans have no control; repetition morpheme (see also bada, brada, bradan, bradá)
Repetition Morpheme	bradan	repeatedly, in a pattern fixed by humans by analogy to some phenomenon (such as the seasons) repetition morpheme (see also bada, badan, brada, bradá)
Repetition Morpheme	bada	repeatedly, at random; repetition morpheme (see also badan, brada, bradan, bradá)
Repetition Morpheme	bradá	repeatedly, in a what appears to be a pattern but cannot be demonstrated or proved to be one; repetition morpheme (see also bada, badan, brada, bradan)
Repetition Morpheme	brada	repeatedly, in a pattern fixed arbitaraily by human beings, repeatedly in an artificial pattern; repetition morpheme (see also bada, badan, bradan, bradá)
rescue	bóodan	rescue, save, to rescue, to save	D
resemble	zhedam	resemble; be reminiscent of [zhe=similar + dam=show signs of state or emotion]		AB
resemble	zhedam	resemble; be reminiscent of [zhe=similar + dam=show signs of state or emotion]		AB
reservoir	wilidunedal	reservoir for fluids [wili=river + dun=meadow + (e)dal=thing]		SH
resistence	rasheb	resistence to change [ra=non- + sheb=change]	D
respect	ohina	respect for no reason	D
respect	ohehena	respect despite negative circumstances [ohena, ohina, ohona, ohuna=respect]	D
respect	ohuna	respect for bad reasons [ohehena, ohena, ohina, ohona=respect]	D
respect	ohona	respect for foolish reasons [ohehena, ohena, ohina, ohuna=respect]	D
respect	ohena	respect for good reasons [ohehena, ohina, ohona, ohuna=respect]	D
respiration rate	wíyaáláan	respiration rate [wíyul=to breathe + aáláan=wave]		SH
responsibility	áhesh	responsibility, to be responsible	D
responsible	áhesh	responsibility, to be responsible	D
responsible	niná	the one responsible [nin=to cause + -á=suffix for doer]	D
rest	dul	to give rest, to refresh	D
rhetoric	edi	rhetoric [e-=prefix for science of + di=speak]	D
rhythm	alehaáláan	rhythm		AH
rice	ilihede	rice [ili=water + ede=grain]	D
ridicule	lhada	to laugh at; to scorn; to ridicule, scorn, ridicule [lh- =pejorative + ada=laugh]		AB
right	hiwetho	right (direction) [hi=this + weth=way + o=rightward]
right now	hihath	now, right now, right this instant [hi=this + hath=time]
rigorous	shel	to be rigorous	D
rind	yushoya	rind [yu=fruit + shoya=hide]		SH
rise	thib	to rise up, stand up	D
ritual	shunobahéthe	ritual bath, to ritually bathe [shun=ceremony,ritual + obahéthe=bath]		JLP
ritual	shun	ceremony, ritual	D
ritual	shebehatheshun	all coming-of-age rituals and change-of-life rituals, rite of passage [sheb=change + (e)hath=time + (e)shun=ritual]		JLP
river	wili	river, creek [ili=water]	CS
road	weth	road, way, path, track	C
rock (baby)	luth	to rock (of babies)	D
rocking chair	lolin	rocking chair	D
rod	bodehal	rod, staff, stave [bod=line + -(e)hal=unusual degree]		YML
room	shod	room	D
room (meditation)	láashod	meditation room, perception room, room where one goes to meditate and attain new perceptions of the world and themselves [láa=perception + shod=room]		JLP
root	dol	root	D
rope	methid	rope [me-=plural marker + thid=string]		CH
rose	shahina	rose
rosemary	domesh	rosemary		SH
rubber	dazhéeb	rubber [dazh=yielding + éeb=juice]		YML
ruffle	aále	curl, ruffle (noun)		SH
rug	ren	rug, carpet	D
ruler	hu	ruler, boss	D
run	yime	run, to run		CH
-s	me-	plural marker, plural morpheme used at the beginning of verbs and words that correspond to English adjectives; always the first prefix in the word (beautiful women = mewoháya wowith)
sack	dimod	bag, sack, purse [dim=container + od=cloth]	D
sacred	héeda	to be sacred, holy	D
safe	yom	safe, secure	C
safeguard	dóyom	protect, shield, safeguard [dó- =cause to + yom=be safe]		AB
sage	wothesh	sage (the herb) [woth=wisdon + thesh=herb]		SH
sage	wothá	sage, wise person [woth+á]	D
sailor	eshá	sailor, boatman, boater [esh=boat + -á=doer]		YML
saint	lawith	saint [Lahila=Holy-One + with=person]	D
sales table	dalehebewan	sales table [dale=object + (h)eb=buy,sell + (e)wan=in order to, purpose]
salt	máan	salt	D
salt marsh	malu	salt marsh		SH
salty	máanan	to be salty
sand	sheshi	sand	D
sanitary napkins	óolewod	sanitary napkin		SH
sap	éeb	juice, sap	D
satisfactory	thal	to be good, fine, satisfactory	C
Saturday	Yilesháal	Saturday [yil+sháal Below Day]	D
save	bóodan	rescue, save, to rescue, to save	D
savory	edenesh	savory (the herb)		SH
say	di	to speak, say, tell, talk	C
scene	wohóoha	scene, view, experience of a place [woho+hóo+ha]
school	ulin	school	D
science	e-	prefix for science of
scientific notation	eéden	formalism, scientific notation	D
scientifically	enal	scientifically	D
scientist	ehá	scientist [e-=prefix for science of + -á-suffix for doer]	D
scissors	muhum	scissors [(hum+<mirror image>)]		SH
scorn	lhada	to laugh at; to scorn; to ridicule, scorn, ridicule [lh- =pejorative + ada=laugh]		AB
scratch	ubath	to scratch an itch [ub=balm + bath=fingernail]		SH
scratch	iboth	scratch (noun)		SH
scratch	ibath	to scratch [not said of scratching an itch] [ib=against + bath=fingernail]		SH
sculpt	lámáhel	to sculpt, carve [lámá+el]	U
sea	mela	ocean, sea	D
seaweed	lel	seaweed	D
secretion	obahéda	bodily secretion [oba+héda]		JP
secure	yom	safe, secure	C
see	il	to see, to watch, to look at, to pay attention to, to observe. Active seeing, which includes looking, watching, observing, and paying active attention to something visually. "I am watching you." (see lAad oyinan, passive seeing)	D
see	láad oyinan	to perceive with the eyes, to see, to look. Passive seeing. "I see the flower." (see il, active seeing)	U
seed	thon	seed	D
Selah	Othe	Amen, Selah, end of prayer phrase	D
seldom	hath nedebe	seldom [hath=time + nedebe=few]	D
self	zheledal	self, identity [zhe=like + le=me + dal=thing]		SH
sell	eb	to buy, to sell	D
seller	ebá	buyer or seller
send	nori	to send	D
sense	loláad óoyanan	to sense, be aware of	U
sentence	déeladáan	sentence [déela=garden + dáan=word]	D
September	Ahede	September (grain month) [A-=month prefix + (h)ede=grain]	D
seven	um	seven (7)	D
seventeen	umethab	seventeen (17)	D
seventy	thabum	seventy (70)	D
several	nedebe	to be few, to be several [but not many] (never change form or add case marker)	C
sew	adal	sew, to sew		CH
sewage plant	waludal	sewage plant, waste water plant		SH
sex	shim	to "sexual act", engage in sex, copulation (abstract and completely neutral term)	C
sex act	shim	to "sexual act", engage in sex, copulation (abstract and completely neutral term)	C
sex act	lila	to female-sexual-act	D
shadow	rumi	shadow	D
shame	loláad lhohoth	to be ashamed, to perceive one's shame [loláad=to perceive internally + lhoho=shame + -th =suffix for object]	D
shame	lhoho	shame [lh=negative connotation]	D
share	edethi	to share [ede+thi thi=to have]	D
sharp	huma	to be sharp		SH
she	ba	she/it/he, beloved: pronoun: 3rd person: singular
she	be	she/it/he: pronoun: 3rd person: singular: neutral
she	bi	she/it/he: pronoun: 3rd person: singular: honored
she	lhebe	she/it/he: pronoun, 3rd person, singular, despised
sheep	éesh	sheep	D
sheets	úuzh	sheets, sheet bedding	D
shelf	dob	shelf	D
shell	udoya	shell, carapace, hull [ud=stone + oya=skin]		SH
shield	dóyom	protect, shield, safeguard [dó- =cause to + yom=be safe]		AB
shirt	bon	shirt	D
shoe	óomi	shoe [óoma=foot]	D
shoulder	rim	shoulder	D
shovel	donim	shovel [doni=ground + im=travel]		SH
shower	obahéthethib	shower, to take a shower [oba=body + (h)éthe=clean + thib=stand] (see obahéthe, obahéthewod)		JLP
sibling	héena	sibling of the heart [hena=sibling by birth]	D
sibling	zhehá	identical sibling [zhe=like + -á=suffix for doer]
sibling	hena	sibling by birth [héena=sibling of the heart]	D
sibling	rahéena	non-heart-sibling, one so entirely incompatible with another that there is no hope of ever achieving any kind of understanding or anything more than a truce, and no hope of ever making such a one understand why; (does not mean "enemy") [ra=non- + héena =sibling of the heart]	D
sickness	éeya	sickness, disease, illness	C
sift	shumezh	to sift [shum=air + mezh=powder]		CH
sign	lishid	to sign (as in ASL)	D
signer	lishidá	signer (as in ASL) [lishid=to sign + -á-suffix for doer]	D
silence	rilehum	silence that is a purposeful refusal to communicate, with a denial that it's even happening (see rilhehum) [rile=silence + hum=knife]	U	TB
silence	rilherahum	malicious silence acutely painful to you	U	TB
silence	rilelh	malicious silence [rile+lh]	U	TB
silence	rilerahum	silence acutely painful to you, but the other person seems totally unaware [rile=silence + plus "absence"]	U	TB
silence	rilehana	silence that is comfortable and natural [rile=silence + ana=food]	U	TB
silence	rilerashum	silence imposed by internal force of will because all words are wrong words and silence is the sole defense against disintegration [rile=silence + ra=non + shum=air]	U	TB
silence	riledim	silent refusal to discuss "rilehum" (a purposeful refusal to communicate) [rile=silence + dim=container]	U	TB
silence	míirile	awed silence [míi=amazed + rile=silence]		TB
silence	rile	silence	D
silence	rilhehum	malicious silence that is a purposeful refusal to communicate, with a denial that it's even happening (see rilehum) [rilhe=malicious silence + hum=knife]	U	TB
silence	rilhedim	malicious silent refusal to discuss "rilhehum" (a purposeful refusal to communicate) [rilhe=malicious silence + dim=container]	U	TB
silhoutte	oyabod	outline, silhouette [oya=skin + bod=line]		SH
silver	yeth	silver	D
similar	zhe	to be like, as, similar	C
simile	zhedal	metaphor, simile [zhe=like + dal=thing]	U	SH
simple	radimil	plain, simple, unadorned [ra- =not + dimil=lavish]		AB
sin	lha	sin [lh=negative connotation]	D
sing	lalom	to sing	U
sing	alehale	music, to make music (sing, whistle, musical instrument)	D
sink	bid	sink (as in the kitchen sink)	D
sisterhood	lol	a feeling of: community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; a group of people gathered with the intention of creating togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, community, cohesiveness; different from a city or a general gathering of people because "lol" implies an intention to create a feeling of cohesiveness within the group. (see lolh)		JLP
sisterhood (oppressive)	lolh	an oppressive "lol"; a negative sense of community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; you "belong" but to your severe detriment, for instance being forced to give up valued aspects of yourself to be accepted by the community. (see lol)		JLP
sit	wod	to sit	D
six	bath	six (6)	D
sixteen	bathethab	sixteen (16) [bath=6 + thab=l0]	D
sixty	thabebath	sixty (60)	D
sixty-one	thabebath i nede	sixty-one (61)	D
skill	oloth	skill		SH
skin	oya	skin, flesh	D
skirt	áayo	skirt	D
sky	thosh	sky	C
sky	bol	fleecy-clouded (of skies)	D
slave	rahulh	slave [ra=non- + hu=ruler + lh=negative con notation]	D
sleep	áana	sleep, to sleep (synonym: ina)	C
sleep	ina	sleep, to sleep (synonym:áana)	D
slow	lóolo	to be slow	C
small	híya	to be small	C
smell	láad oyonan	to perceive with the nose, to smell. Passive smelling. "The candle smells good to me." (see shu, active smell)	U
smell	shu	to smell, to sniff, Active smelling. "I am smelling the perfume." (see láad oyonan passive smell)	U
smile	áada	smile		AB
snake	ezha	snake	D
sniff	shu	to smell, to sniff, Active smelling. "I am smelling the perfume." (see láad oyonan passive smell)	U
snow	hish	snow	D
soap	éthedale	soap	D
socks	ishida	gloves, mittens, socks, stockings [ishid=digit (finger, toe) ishid+a]	D
soft	dazh	to be yielding, pliant, soft	C
soil	doni	ground, dirt, earth, soil	CS
solid	yib	solid (as opposed to gas or liquid)		CH
somebody	beye	somebody/someone/something - look to verb to distinguish: 3rd person singular indefinite pronoun
someone	beye	somebody/someone/something - look to verb to distinguish: 3rd person singular indefinite pronoun
something	beye	somebody/someone/something - look to verb to distinguish: 3rd person singular indefinite pronoun
song	lometha	song that belongs to her by birth [lom=song + -(e)tha=possessive by reason of birth]
song	lom	song	CS
sorrel	thezh	sorrel (the herb)		SH
soul	óotha	soul	D
sound	zho	sound (audible)	C
sound	lalimilom	sound of rain on leaves [lali=rain + mi=leaf + lom=song]
sound	áalilomáa	sound of rhythmically flowing water		SH
sound	lalilom	sound of rain on the roof [lali=rain + lom=song]	U
sound	láad oyunan	to perceive with the ears, to hear. Passive hearing. "The band sounds good to me." (see ma, active listen)	U
sound	áalilomáan	sound of rhythmic waves		SH
soup	thulana	soup [thul=parent + ana=food]	D
sour	yem	sour (to taste)	D
south	han	south	D
space	delin	space (outer)	D
spaceliner	yoda	spaceliner [yo=spaceship]	D
spaceship	yo	spaceship	D
speak	di	to speak, say, tell, talk	C
speaker	dihá	speaker [di=to say; -á=suffix for doer]	D
spectator	ilá	spectator [il=pay attention + -á=doer]		AB
spectator	dóyom	protect, shield, safeguard [dó- =cause to + yom=be safe]		AB
speech act	bédu	as poetry, I say as a promise...; promise speech act, as poetry [bé=promise speech act + -du=suffix; "said as poetry"]		SH
speech act	bóodu	as poetry, I request...; request speech act, in poetry [bóo=request speech act + -du=suffix "said as poetry"]		SH
speech act	bíili	in love, I say...; declarative speech act, in love [bíi=declarative speech act + -li=suffix "said in love"]
speech act	bóda	in jest, I command...; command speech act, in jest (very rare except to small children) [bó=command speech act + -da=suffix "said in jest"]
speech act	bóodi	in teaching, I request...; request speech act, in teaching [bóo=request speech act + -di=suffix "said in teaching"]
speech act	bóde	as a story, I command...; command speech act, in narrative (very rare except to small children) [bó=command speech act + -de=suffix "said in narrative"]
speech act	bódi	in teaching, I command...; command speech act, in teaching (very rare except to small children) [bó=command speech act + -di=suffix "said in teaching"]
speech act	bódu	as poetry, I command...; command speech act, in poetry (very rare except to small children) [bó=command speech act + -du=suffix "said as poetry"]		SH
speech act	bóya	in fear, I command...; command speech act, in fear (very rare except to small children) [bó=command speech act + -ya=suffix "said in fear"]
speech act	bóli	in love, I command...; command speech act, in love (very rare except to small children) [bó=command speech act + -li=suffix "said in love"]
speech act	bód	in anger, I command...; command speech act, in anger (very rare except to small children) [bó=command speech act + -d=suffix "said in anger"]
speech act	bóoth	in pair, I request...; request speech act, in pain [bóo=request speech act + -th=suffix "said in pain"]
speech act	bóoya	in fear, I request...; request speech act, in fear [bóo=request speech act + -ya=suffix "said in fear"]
speech act	bóolan	in celebration, I request...; request speech act, in celebration [bóo=request speech act + -lan=suffix "said in celebration"]
speech act	báaya	in fear, I ask...; question speech act, in fear [báa=question speech act + -ya=suffix "said in fear"]
speech act	bóod	in anger, I request...; request speech act, in anger [bóo=request speech act + -d=suffix "said in anger"]
speech act	bóoda	in jest, I request...; request speech act, in jest [bóo=request speech act + -da=suffix "said in jest"]
speech act	bóode	as a story, I request...; request speech act, in narrative [bóo=request speech act + -de=suffix "said in narrative"]
speech act	bólan	in celebration, I command...; command speech act, in celebration (very rare except to small children) [bó=command speech act + -lan=suffix "said in celebration"]
speech act	bíith	in pain, I say...; declarative speech act, in pain [bíi=declarative speech act + -th=suffix "said in pain"]
speech act	bíida	in jest, I say...; declarative speech act, in jest [bíi=declarative speech act + -da=suffix "said in jest"]
speech act	bíide	as a story, I say...; declarative speech act, in narrative [bíi=declarative speech act + -de=suffix "said in narrative"]
speech act	bíidi	in teaching, I say...; declarative speech act, in teaching [bíi=declarative speech act + -di=suffix "said in teaching"]
speech act	bíid	in anger, I say...; declarative speech act, in anger [bíi=declarative speech act + -d=suffix "said in anger"]
speech act	bíidu	as a poem, I say...; declarative speech act, in poetry [bíi=declarative speech act + -du=suffix "said as poetry"]		SH
speech act	béeda	in jest, I say in warning...; warning speech act, in jest [bée=warning speech act + -da=suffix "said in jest"]
speech act	bóoli	in love, I request...; request speech act, in love [bóo=request speech act + -li=suffix "said in love"]
speech act	báade	as a story, I ask..., question speech act morpheme, in narrative [báa=question speech act + -de=suffix "said in narrative"]
speech act	béedu	in poetry, I say in warning...; warning speech act, as poetry [bée=warning speech act + -du=suffix "said as poetry"]		SH
speech act	béelan	in celebration, I say in warning...; warning speech act, in celebration [bée=warning speech act + -lan=suffix "said in celebration"]
speech act	béeli	in love, I say in warning...; warning speech act, in love [bée=warning speech act + -li=suffix "said in love"]
speech act	béeth	in pain, I say in warning...; warning speech act, in pain [bée=warning speech act + -th=suffix "said in pain"]
speech act	béeya	in fear, I say in warning...; warning speech act, in fear [bée=warning speech act + -ya=suffix "said in fear"]
speech act	bélan	in celebration, I say as a promise...; promise speech act, in celebration [bé=promise speech act + -lan=suffix "said in celebration"]
speech act	báalan	in celebration, I ask...; question speech act, in celebration [báa=question speech act + -lan=suffix "said in celebration"]
speech act	béed	in anger, I say in warning...; warning speech act, in anger [bée=warning speech act + -d=suffix "said in anger"]
speech act	béth	in pain, I say as a promise...; promise speech act, in pain [bé=promise speech ast + -th=suffix "said in pain"]
speech act	béya	in fear, I say as a promise...; promise speech act, in fear [bé=promise speech act + -ya=suffix "said in fear"]
speech act	bóth	in pain, I command...; command speech act, in pain (very rare except to small children) [bó=command speech act + -th=suffix "said in pain"]
speech act	béde	as a story, I say as a promise...; promise speech act, in narrative [bé=promise speech act + -de=suffix "said in narrative"]
speech act	bíiya	in fear, I say...; declarative speech act, in fear [bíi=declarative speech act + -ya=suffix "said in fear"]
speech act	báad	in anger, I ask..., question speech act, in anger [báa=question speech act + -d=suffix "said in anger"]
speech act	báadi	in teaching, I ask..., question speech act morpheme, in teaching [báa=question speech act + -di=suffix "said in teaching"]
speech act	báadu	as poetry, I ask...; question speech act, in poetry [báa=question speech act + -du=suffix "said as poetry"]
speech act	bédi	in teaching, I say as a promise...; promise speech act, in teaching [bé=promise speech act + -di=suffix "said in teaching"]
speech act	béede	as a story, I say in warning...; warning speech act, in narrative [bée=warning speech act + -de=suffix "said in narrative"]
speech act	béda	in jest, I say as a promise...; promise speech act, in jest [bé=promise speech act + -da=suffix; "said in jest"]
speech act	béedi	in teaching, I say in warning...; warning speech act, in teaching [bée=warning speech act + -di=suffix "said in teaching"]
speech act	báali	in love, I ask...; question speech act, in love [báa=question speech act + -li=suffix "said in love"]
speech act	báath	in pain, I ask..., question speech act morpheme, in pain [báa=question speech act + -th=suffix "said in pain"]
speech act	béd	in anger, I say as a promise...; promise speech act, in anger [bé=promise peech act + -d=suffix "said in anger"]
speech act	báada	in jest, I ask you..., question speech act, in jest [báa=question + -da=suffix "said in jest"]
speech act	béli	in love, I say as a promise...; promise speech act, in love [bé=promise speech act + -li=suffix "said in love"]
speech act	bíilan	in celebration, I say...; declarative speech act, in celebration [bíi=declarative speech act + -lan=suffix "said in celebration"]
speech act morph	bó	I command...; command speech act, neutral (very rare except to small children)	D
speech act morph	báa	I say to you as a question; I ask you; I ask...; question speech act, neutral	D
speech act morph	bé	I say as a promise...; promise speech act, neutral	D
speech act morph	bée	I say in warning...; warning speech act, neutral	D
speech act morph	bóo	I request...; request speech act, neutral (usual "command" form)	D
speech act morph	bíi	I say...: "I say to you, as a statement": declarative speech act, neutral (usually optional)	D
speech act suffix	-da	Speech Act suffix; "said in jest"
speech act suffix	-lan	Speech Act suffix; "said in celebration"
speech act suffix	-de	Speech Act suffix; "said in narrative"
speech act suffix	-li	Speech Act suffix; "said in love"
speech act suffix	-d	Speech Act suffix; "said in anger"
speech act suffix	-di	Speech Act suffix; "said in teaching"
speech act suffix	-du	Speech Act suffix; "said as poetry"	U	SH
speech act suffix	-th	Speech Act suffix; "said in pain"
speech act suffix	-ya	Speech Act suffix; "said in fear"
sphere	thamehal	globe, sphere, planet [tham=circle + -(e)hal=unusual degree]	D
spice	laheb	spice	D
spider	dathimezhub	spider [dathim=needlework + zhub=insect]		YML
spider	dathimemid	spider [dathim=needlework + mid=creature]	D
spill	héda	to drop, spill, let fall [héedá=to pick up, lift up]	D
spine	doluth	spine (body part)	D
spiral	bretham	spiral [bre=layer + tham=circle]		SH
spoon	bada	spoon	D
spouse	eba	spouse ("Bíi eril X i Y meheba wa." [X and Y got married. (More literally, "X and Y spoused.") The verb gets the plural prefix and an epenthetic H.] Láadan wouldn't allow "X married Y" or "Y married X," which presuppose that marrying is something one person can do to another. It has to be a joint action, done together.)	D
spray	aálá	spray, to spray (as in water)	U	SH
spring	wemen	spring (season)	D
squander	rahol	to waste, squander [ra=non- + o1=to store]	D
squeeze	thamehib	to squeeze		SH
squirrel	elashemid	squirrel [elash=play + (e)mid=creature]		SH
stable	midemath	stable [mid=creature + math=building]	D
staff	bodehal	rod, staff, stave [bod=line + -(e)hal=unusual degree]		YML
stag	lemamidid	stag, male deer [lema=gentle + mid=creature + -id=male]
stage	wilominahoth	stage [wilomina=act/perform + hoth=place]		AB
stand	thib	to rise up, stand up	D
star	ash	star	C
state	hahodimilh	in bewilderment/astonishment <negative> to be in a state of bewilderment (negative) [hahod=state of + -imilh=bewilderment (negative)-state of consciousness marker]
state	hahod	to be in a state of	D
state	hahodib	deliberately shut off from all feelings, to be in a state of shut off [hahod=state of + -ib=shut off-state of consciousness marker]
state	hahodóo	in hypnotic trance, to be in a state of hypnotic trance [hahod=state of + -óo=hypnotic trance-state of consciousness marker]
state	hahodihed	in shock, numb, to be in a state of numbness [hahod=state of + -ihed=numb-state of consciousness marker]
state	hahoditha	linked empathically with another, to be in a state of linked empathically [hahod=state of + -itha=linked-state of consciousness marker]
state	hahodimi	in bewilderment/astonishment <positive> to be in a state of bewilderment [hahod=state of + -imi=bewilderment-state of consciousness marker]
state	hahodo	in meditation, to be in a state of meditation [hahod=state of + -o=meditation-state of consciousness marker]
state	hahodiyon	ecstasy, to be in a state of ecstasy [hahod=state of + -iyon=ecstasy-state of consciousness marker]
state of consciousness marker	-iyon	ecstasy (state of consciousness marker) root word=hahod=to be in the state of
state of consciousness marker	-o	in meditation (state of consciousness marker) root word=hahod=to be in the state of
state of consciousness marker	-itha	linked empathically with others (state of consciousness marker) root word=hahod=to be in the state of
state of consciousness marker	-imilh	in bewilderment/astonishment, negative (state of consciousness marker) root word=hahod=to be in the state of
state of consciousness marker	-óo	in hypnotic trance (state of consciousness marker) root word=hahod=to be in the state of
state of consciousness marker	-imi	in bewilderment/astonishment, positive (state of consciousness marker) root word=hahod=to be in the state of
state of consciousness marker	-ib	deliberately shut off to all feeling (state of consciousness marker) root word=hahod=to be in the state of
state of consciousness marker	-ihed	in a sort of shock, numb (state of consciousness marker) root word=hahod=to be in the state of
statue	udadem	statue [ud=stone + dadem=picture/image]		AB
stave	bodehal	rod, staff, stave [bod=line + -(e)hal=unusual degree]		YML
stay	benem	stay, to stay	D
still	wam	to be placid, still, calm (as of water, wind)	D
stink	rabalh	to stink, reek [ra=non- + aba=to be fragrant + lh=negative connotation]	D
stockings	ishida	gloves, mittens, socks, stockings [ishid=digit (finger, toe) ishid+a]	D
stomach	hod	stomach	D
stone	ud	stone	C
store	wehe	store, market	D
store	ol	to store	D
storehouse	dalemath	warehouse, storehouse [dale=object + math=building]	D
storm	rohoro	storm [ro=weather]	D
story	dedide	story	D
storywriter	dedidethodá	novelist, storywriter [dedide=story + thod=write + -á=doer]		JLP
stove	dimóowa	stove [dim=container + óowa=fire]	D
straight	raboósh	straight, to be straight [ra-=not + bóosh=curved]		AB
strike	olob	blow, strike, hit, trauma	D
string	thid	thread, string, to thread, to string		CH
strip-mall	wehebuthebod	strip-mall [wehebuth=mall + bod=line]		JLP
stroke	lámála	to caress, stroke	D
strong	do	to be strong	C
student	bedihá	student, learner [bedi=learning + á=suffix for doer]	D
study	ulanin	to study [ulin=school]	D
such a	wu	such a..., what a...	D
sudden	bishib	to be sudden, suddenly	D
suffix	-á	suffix for doer, agent; morpheme used to mark someone as the "do-er" of an action; like English "-er" in "baker" or "dancer"
sugar	meén	sugar		CH
suitcase	imedim	suitcase [im=travel + (e)dim=container]
summer	wuman	summer	D
sumptuous	dimil	lavish, luxurious, sumptuous		AB
sun	rosh	sun	C
Sunday	Hathamesháal	Sunday (Center Day) [hatham=center + (e)sháal=day]	D
sunrise	nasháal	dawn, sunrise [na=to start to + sháal=day]		SH
sunset	nanáal	sunset [na=to start to + náal=night]		SH
suppose	rilrili	hypothetical, would, might, let's suppose (Time Auxiliary)	D
surpass	hesho	to surpass [used in comparatives], exceed
swamp	alu	marsh, swamp		SH
sweet	meénan	to be sweet	D
sweetener	meénaná	sweetener [meénan=to be sweet + -á=suffix for doer]		CH
swim	ilisháad	swim, to swim [ili=water + sháad=to come, to go]		YML
symbol	uzh	symbol (of notation or alphabet), character	D
synergist	eruhá	synergist [e-=prefix for science of + ru=synergy + -á=suffix for doer]	D
synergistics	eru	synergistics, science of synergy [e-=science of + ru=synergy]		YML
synergy	ru	synergy	D
table	dalehebewan	sales table [dale=object + (h)eb=buy,sell + (e)wan=in order to, purpose]
table	daleyodewan	table [dale=object + yod=to eat + -wan=suffix for purpose, in order to]	D
tail	hoyo	tail		SH
take	bel	to take	D
take away	raban	to take away from [ra=non- + ban=to give]	D
take care	naya	to take care of, nurture	C
talk	di	to speak, say, tell, talk	C
tall	íthi	to be high, tall	D
tampon	nilewod	tampon [nil+wod]	U	SH
tank	háawilidunedal	tank (for liquid)		SH
tape recorder	rizho	tape recorder [ri=to record + zho=sound]	D
tarragon	abash	tarragon, the herb		SH
taste	lóoyo	to taste. Active tasting. "I am tasting the batter." (see láad óoyonan, passive taste)	U
taste	láad óoyonan	to perceive with the mouth, to taste. Passive tasting. "The dinner tastes good to me." (see lóoyo, active taste)	U
tea	zhu	tea	D
teach	om	to teach	D
teacher	omá	teacher [om=to teach + -á=suffix for doer]	D
teacher (perception)	láahomá	perception teacher [láa=perception + (h)omá=teacher]		JLP
teenage	yáa-	prefix to signify teenager, older but not full-grown creature (see á-, háa-)
teenager	yáawith	teenager, older but not full-grown person [yáa-=teenage + with=person] (see áwith, háawith)
teenager	yáa-	prefix to signify teenager, older but not full-grown creature (see á-, háa-)
telephone	widadith	telephone [wida=to carry + dith=voice]	D
television	théle	television [loanword]	D
tell	di	to speak, say, tell, talk	C
temptation	erabalh	temptation	D
temptation	erabalhedi	to temptation [erabalh=temptation + -(e)di=goal case marker]
ten	thab	ten (10)	D
Terra	thera	Earth, Terra [loanword]	D
terror	eéle	terror	D
testicle	hibid	testicle	D
textile science	ehod	textile science [e-=prefix for science of + od=cloth]	D
textile scientist	ehodá	textile scientist	D
thank you	áala	thank you	D
that	hithed	that: Demonstrative pronoun: singular [hi=this + thed=far]
that	hi	this, that: Demonstrative pronoun: singular	D
theater	wilominabelid	theater [wilomina=act/perform + belid=house]		AB
them	bezheth	them (several): pronoun. 3rd person, several, neutral, object [bezh=they + -th=object marker]
them	beneth	them (many): pronoun. 3rd person, many, neutral, object [ben=they + -th=object marker]
themselves	beyóozh	themselves (several) [bezh=they,several + -(e)yóo=reflexive marker]: 3rd person, several, reflexive pronoun
themselves	beyóon	themselves (many) [ben=they,many + -(e)yóo=reflexive marker]: 3rd person, many, reflexive pronoun
then	id	and then	CS
then	ébre	then
there	núu	there [nu=here]	D
therefore	owáano	therefore	D
these	hinethoma	these: Demonstrative pronoun: many [hin=these + (e)thoma=near]
these	hizh	these, those: Demonstrative pronoun: several
these	hin	these, those: Demonstrative pronoun: many
these	hizhethoma	these: Demonstrative pronoun: several [hizh=these + (e)thoma=near]
they	ben	they (more than 5): pronoun: 3rd person: many: neutral
they	lheben	they: pronoun, 3rd person, many, despised
they	bazh	they: pronoun: 3rd person: several: beloved
they	lhebezh	they: pronoun, 3rd person, several, despised
they	bin	they: pronoun: 3rd person: many: honored
they	bezh	they (several, 2 to 5 individuals): pronoun: 3rd person: neutral
they	ban	they: pronoun: 3rd person: many: beloved
they	bizh	they: pronoun: 3rd person: several: honored
thing	dal	thing	C
think	lith	a thought, to think	D
thirsty	yada	thirst, to thirst, to be thirsty, thirsting	C
thirteen	boóthab	thirteen (13) [boó=3 + thab=l0]	D
thirty	thabebóo	thirty (30)	D
this	hi	this, that: Demonstrative pronoun: singular	D
this	hithoma	this: Demonstrative pronoun: singular [hi=this + thoma=near]
thorn	bash	thorn	D
those	hinethed	those: Demonstrative pronoun: many [hin=these + (e)thed=far]
those	hizhethed	those: Demonstrative pronoun: several [hizh=these + (e)thed=far]
those	hizh	these, those: Demonstrative pronoun: several
those	hin	these, those: Demonstrative pronoun: many
thousand	thob	one thousand (1,000)	D
thread	thid	thread, string, to thread, to string		CH
threat	éholob	threat, to threaten [é- =potential + (h)olob=trauma; blow]		AB
threat	éholhob	particularly malicious threat, to threaten very maliciously [é- =potential + (h)olhob=(malicious) trauma; blow]		AB
threaten	éholob	threat, to threaten [é- =potential + (h)olob=trauma; blow]		AB
threaten	éholhob	particularly malicious threat, to threaten very maliciously [é- =potential + (h)olhob=(malicious) trauma; blow]		AB
three	boó	three (3)	D
thrive	tháa	to thrive, to do well	D
throat	wom	throat	D
through	obe	through	C
thunder	lorolo	thunder	D
Thursday	Hanesháal	Thursday (South Day) [han=south + (e)sháal=day]	D
thus	hinal	thus [hi=this, that + -nal=suffix for manner]	D
thyme	háami	thyme, the herb		SH
tick	uhudezhub	tick, the insect [uhud=nuisance + zhub=insect]		YML
tick	uhudemid	tick (insect) [uhud=nuisance + mid=creature]	D
tickle	adadama	tickle, to tickle [ada=laugh + dama=touch]		AH
tickle	adama	tickle, to tickle [a=love + dama=touch]
time	hath	time	C
time (everlasting)	hathehath	forever, time everlasting [hath=time + (e)hath=time]	D
time (man)	hatherilid	man-time; marking the passage of time based on important sporting events, wars, conquests, major disasters; the way time is market in most late 20th century "history" books. [hath=time + eril=past + -id=male] (see hatheril)		JLP
time (woman)	hatheril	woman-time; marking the passage of time based on interpersonal relationships: births, deaths, relocations, marriages, etc.; "Mary was pregnant with her second when...", "Just about the time the tribe moved to..." [hath=time + eril=past] (see hatherilid)		JLP
time aux	wil	optative mode, indicating an option or wish (Time Auxiliary)
time aux	aríli	far future, long ahead (time auxiliary) (aril=later)	D
time aux	eríli	far past, long ago (Time Auxiliary) [eri=history]	D
time aux	eril	past (Time Auxiliary); a word used to indicate past time [eri=history]	D
time aux	rilrili	hypothetical, would, might, let's suppose (Time Auxiliary)	D
time aux	aril	future (time auxiliary) (aril=later)	D
time aux	ril	present time, now (Time Auxiliary)	D
tired	óoha	to be tired, weary	C
toenail	bath	nail, fingernail, toenail, claw (body part)	D
toes	ishid	digit (fingers, toes)	D
together	shidi	to be together	D
togetherness	lol	a feeling of: community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; a group of people gathered with the intention of creating togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, community, cohesiveness; different from a city or a general gathering of people because "lol" implies an intention to create a feeling of cohesiveness within the group. (see lolh)		JLP
togetherness (oppressive)	lolh	an oppressive "lol"; a negative sense of community, togetherness, sisterhood, fellowship, belonging, cohesiveness; you "belong" but to your severe detriment, for instance being forced to give up valued aspects of yourself to be accepted by the community. (see lol)		JLP
toilet	al	toilet	D
tongue	odith	tongue [o=around + dith=voice]		SH
tool	ed	tool	C
tooth	dash	tooth	D
torment	rashe	to torment [ra=non- + she=comfort]	D
tornado	thameyul	tornado [tham=circle + yul=wind]	D
tortoise	balinemid	turtle, tortoise [balin=old + mid=creature]	D
torture	rashelh	to torture [rashe=to torment + lh=negative connotation]	D
touch	láad oyanan	to perceive with the skin, to feel something on your skin, touch. Passive feeling. "The silk feels good to me." (see dama, active touch)	U
touch	edama	science of touch [e-=prefix for science of + dama=touch]	D
touch	dama	to touch, to feel with the skin. Active touching, feeling. "I am feeling the texture of the yarn." (see láad oyanan, passive touch)	D
towel	dib	towel	D
tower	shumath	tower
town	miwith	town, city [with=person]	D
toy	dínídin	toy	D
track	weth	road, way, path, track	C
tractor	demáazh	tractor	U	SH
train	memazh	train [me-=plural marker + mazh=car]	D
translate	héedan	to translate [dan=language]	D
transportation	emina	transportation [e-=prefix for science of + mina=to move]	D
trauma	olob	blow, strike, hit, trauma	D
travel	im	to travel	D
tray	dodi	tray	D
tree	yáanin	tree	D
tribe	shonida	tribe
trousers	inad	trousers, pants	D
trunk	yomedim	trunk (for storage) [yom=safe + dim=container]	D
truth	shadon	truth, honor, conforming to the harmony of the universe [shad=to be perfect, pure + on=head]	D
try	dúu-	to-try-in-vain-to-VERB [du-=to-try-to-VERB] (try in vain to speak=dúudi); a morpheme that can be added to verbs [including those that would be classified as adjectives in English], meaning "try in vain to [VERB]," "try (but fail) to [VERB]"	D
try	du-	try-to-VERB prefix (try to speak=dudi); a morpheme that can be added to verbs [including those that would be classified as adjectives in English], meaning "try to [VERB]"	D
Tuesday	Honesháal	Tuesday (West Day); [hon=west + sháal=day]	D
tulip	hodo	tulip	D
turn	wetham	turn, make a turn
turtle	balinemid	turtle, tortoise [balin=old + mid=creature]	D
twelve	shinethab	twelve (12) [shin=2 + thab=l0]	D
twenty	thabeshin	twenty (20)	D
two	shin	to be two, two (2)	D
typewriter	ran	typewriter	D
ugly	modi	to be ugly	D
unadorned	radimil	plain, simple, unadorned [ra- =not + dimil=lavish]		AB
under	yil	to be under, below	C
underground	than	underground	D
understand	en	to understand	C
underwear	hem	underwear	D
unfriendliness	radena	unfriendliness for good reasons [ra=non- + dena=friendliness for good reasons]	D
unfriendliness	raduna	unfriendliness for bad reasons [ra=non- + duna=friendliness for bad reasons]	D
unfriendliness	radina	unfriendliness for no reason [ra=non- + dina= friendliness for no reason]	D
unfriendliness	radona	unfriendliness for foolish reasons [ra=non- + dona=friendliness for foolish reasons]	D
unholy	rahéeda	accursed, unholy, to be accursed, to be unholy [ra=non- + héeda=to be sacred]	D
united	shishid	united	D
until	hathobéeya	until	U
unwilling	ranime	be unwilling [ra=not + nime=willing]		AB
up	raheb	up [ra=non- + heb=down]	C
upon	nol	on, upon	U
urine	iliyeb	urine [ili+yeb]		JP
us	lenedi	to us [len=1st person, many neutral + -(e)di=goal case marker]
us	leneth	us (many): pronoun. 1st person, many, neutral, object [len=1st person, many neutral + -(e)th=object case marker]
use	duth	to use	D
utensil	min	eating utensil	D
utensil	thibeb	cooking utensil	D
vacuum cleaner	éthedal	vacuum cleaner [éthe=clean + dal=thing]	D
vagina	lul	vagina	D
valley	yed	valley	D
VCR	ridadem	camera, VCR, camcorder [ri=to record + dadem=picture]	D
vegetable	meda	vegetable	D
vehicle	razh	vehicle	D
very	-hal	Degree Marker: to an unusual degree, very (see also '-hil', '-hel', '-hul', '-háalish')
view	wohóoha	scene, view, experience of a place [woho+hóo+ha]
vine	thil	vine	D
vintner	rushihá	vintner [rushi=wine + -(h)á=suffix for doer]		YML
violet	oyimahina	violet	D
violin	dóolon	violin	D
visualize	umeloláad	visualization, to visualize	U
vividly	lishenal	vividly [lishe+nal]
voice	dith	voice	D
volcanic crater	óowabobin	volcanic crater [óowabo=volcano + bin=bowl]		AB
volcano	óowabo	volcano [óowa=fire + bo=mountain]		AB
wait	neril	wait, to wait		SH
walk	óomasháad	walk; go on/by foot [óoma=foot + sháad=go/come]		AB
wall	thibá	wall [thib=stand up + -á=suffix for doer]
want	néde	to want	C
war	rashonelh	war [rashon=quarrel + lh=negative connotation]	D
wardrobe	budim	wardrobe [bud=clothing + dim=container]	D
warehouse	dalemath	warehouse, storehouse [dale=object + math=building]	D
warm	owa	to be warm, hot	C
washcloth	éthehod	washcloth [éthe=clean + od=cloth]	D
wasp	resh	wasp	D
waste	rahol	to waste, squander [ra=non- + o1=to store]	D
watch	lohil	to watch internally	U	SH
watch	il	to see, to watch, to look at, to pay attention to, to observe. Active seeing, which includes looking, watching, observing, and paying active attention to something visually. "I am watching you." (see lAad oyinan, passive seeing)	D
water	ili	water	C
wave	aáláan	wave of water (on ocean or lake)	D
wax	yibom	wax [yib=solid + bom=oil]		CH
way	weth	road, way, path, track	C
we	lazh	we: pronoun: 1st person: several: beloved
we	len	we: pronoun: 1st person: many: neutral
we	lezh	we: pronoun: 1st person, several, neutral
we	lin	we: pronoun, 1st person, many, honored
we	lhelezh	we: pronoun, 1st person, several, despised
we	lizh	we: pronoun, 1st person, several, honored
we	lhelen	we: pronoun, 1st person, many, despised
we	lan	we: pronoun: 1st person: many: beloved
weak	rado	to be weak [ra=non- + do=to be strong]	D
wear	une	to wear	D
weary	óoha	to be tired, weary	C
weather	ro	weather	C
weave	osh	to weave
weaver	odá	weaver [od+á]	D
Wednesday	Hunesháal	Wednesday (North Day) [hun=north + sháal=day]	D
weed	nish	weed	D
week	híyahath	week [híya=small + hath=time]	D
weep	delishe	to weep, cry (not said of babies)	D
well	tháa	to thrive, to do well	D
well	dóo	well.... (phrase)	D
west	hon	west	D
wet	lili	to be wet [lil=water]	C
whale	uthemid	whale [uth=brain + mid=creature]	D
what a	wu	such a..., what a...	D
when	widahath	when [wida=carry + hath=time] 1) Bíi lalom le widahath hal le wa. "I sing when I work." 2) Bíi widahath hal le, lalom le wa. "When I work, I sing."
where	widahoth	where [wida=carry + hoth=place]
whistle	alehale	music, to make music (sing, whistle, musical instrument)	D
whistle	humazho	whistle, to whistle [huma=sharp + zho=sound]	U	SH
white	líithi	to be white	D
why	widahuth	why [wida=carry + huth=reason] Bíi widahuth eril náhal with, lothel ra le wa. "Why the woman kept working, I don't know."
wide	rahíyamesh	wide [ra- =not + híyamesh=narrow]		AB
widow	sheba	widow [sheb=change + eba=spouse]	D
wild	ro-	wild (rothil=wild vine, romid=wild animal)
wild vine	rothil	wild vine -- [ro-= wild + thil=vine]
will	nime	be willing, will (not future tense)		AB
will	yoth	will of mind (theological)	D
willing	nime	be willing, will (not future tense)		AB
wind	yul	wind	D
window	dem	window	D
wine	rushi	wine	D
wing	yuloma	wing [yul=wind + oma=hand]	U	SH
winter	weman	winter	D
wire	widáahith	wire	D
wisdom	woth	wisdom	D
wisdom (foremother)	wohothulewoth	foremother wisdom [wohothul=foremother + (e)woth=wisdom]		JLP
wish	wil	optative mode, indicating an option or wish (Time Auxiliary)
witch	yahaneshá	witch, magic-maker	U	CF
without	raden	without	D
wolf	holanemid	wolf (noun) [ho- =grand-; ancestor + lanemid=dog]		AB
woman	with	person, woman, adult ; to specify a male person, add the masculine suffix '-id'	C
woman-time	hatheril	woman-time; marking the passage of time based on interpersonal relationships: births, deaths, relocations, marriages, etc.; "Mary was pregnant with her second when...", "Just about the time the tribe moved to..." [hath=time + eril=past] (see hatherilid)		JLP
womb	wóoya	womb	U
wood	bosh	wood	D
woods	olin	forest, woods	D
word	dáan	word (dan=language)	D
work	hal	work, to work	C
work	halehadihahal	work which is constantly being interrupted		Sterling
work identity	zhelehal	work identity [zhe=like + le=me + hal=work]		SH
worker	halá	worker [hal=work + -á=suffix for doer]	D
workplace	hohal	office, workplace [hal=to work ho+hal]	D
worry	rashelith	worry [ra=not + she=to comfort + lith=think]
would	rilrili	hypothetical, would, might, let's suppose (Time Auxiliary)	D
would that	wil	let there be..., would that..., may, let it be	D
wrap	dóho	wrap, to wrap [dó-=cause to + o=around]		YML
wrap	thamesho	to wrap [tham=circle + mesh=across + o=around]	U	SH
wreath	oshetham	wreath [osh=weave + (e)tham=circle]
wring	thamerili	to wring, wring out [tham=circle + (e)ra=not + ili=water]		SH
wrinkle	zháa	wrinkle (in skin)	D
write	thod	to write, written	D
yearn	loyada	to yearn, yearn for	U	SH
yellow	léli	to be yellow	D
yes	em	yes	D
yielding	dazh	to be yielding, pliant, soft	C
you	nin	you: pronoun, 2nd person, many, honored
you	nazh	you: pronoun, 2nd person, severa,: beloved
you	lhenezh	you: pronoun, 2nd person, several, despised
you	lhene	you: pronoun, 2nd person, singular, despised
you	neneth	you (many): pronoun, 2nd person, many, neutral, object [nen=you + -th=object marker]
you	nizh	you: pronoun, 2nd person, several, honored
you	lhenen	you: pronoun, 2nd person, many, despised
you	na	you: pronoun, 2nd person, singular, beloved
you	neth	you: pronoun, 2nd person, singular, neutral, object [ne=you + -th=object marker]
you	nan	you: pronoun, 2nd person, many, beloved
you	ni	you: pronoun, 2nd person, singular, honored
you	nezh	you: pronoun, 2nd person, several, neutral
you	nen	you: pronoun, 2nd person, many, neutral
you	ne	you: pronoun, 2nd person, singular, neutral
you	nezheth	you (several): pronoun. 2nd person, several, neutral, object [nezh=you + -th=object marker]
young	á-	prefix to signify infant, baby, very young creature (see háa-, yáa-)
young	rabalin	to be young [ra=non- + balin=to be old]	D
young	háa-	prefix to signify child, youth, young creature, general prefix for offspring (see á-, yáa-)
your	natha	your: pronoun, 2nd person, singular, beloved, by reason of birth: [na=2nd person, singular, beloved + -tha=possessive by reason of birth]
yourself	neyóo	yourself: pronoun, 2nd person, singular, neutral [ne=you + -yóo=reflexive marker]
yourselves	neyóozh	yourselves (several): pronoun, 2nd person, several, neutral [nezh=you,several + -yóo=reflexive marker]
yourselves	neyóon	yourselves (many): pronoun, 2nd person, many, neutral [nen=you,many + -yóo=reflexive marker]
youth	háa-	prefix to signify child, youth, young creature, general prefix for offspring (see á-, yáa-)
youth	háawith	child, youth, child person, general term for offspring [háa-=child + with=person] (see áwith, yáawith)	D