pronunciation guide in Hindi: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable sortable"
To do:
! Lojban letteral !! Accepted phonemes (IPA) !! Hindi equivalents
 
|-
#Assemble corpus
| ' || [h] || ह
 
|-
##Old List
| , || [.] || Syllable break
 
|-
##egroups
| . || [ʔ] || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_stop Glottal stop.] This sound doesn't appear in Hindi. It is the pause/catch between some words/syllables, such as in the English phrase "uh-oh", or as represented in Khasi by the consonant ''h'' (written in Bengali/Assamese script as হ) when it appears at the end of word. It also appears before many Arabic words that begin with ''a'', such as الله‎ ("Allah") and أغاني (''agaani'', meaning "songs").
 
|-
##New List
| a || [ɑ] || आ (not अ)
 
|-
##JL
| b || [b] || ब (not भ)
 
|-
##Wiki (frozen)
| c || [ʃ] preferred, [ʂ] acceptable || श preferred, ष acceptable
 
|-
##Members list
| d || [d] or any variant || ड, द (not ढ or ध)
 
|-
##Russian List
| e || [ɛ], [e] || ए (not ऐ)
 
|-
##ftp site
| f || [f], [ɸ] || फ (strictly फ़ [f]; the modern pronunciation of फ is somewhere between [f] and [ɸ], usually closer to [f], and is thus acceptable; whereas the historic/Sanskrit pronunciation is [pʰ], which maps to Lojban ''p'', and thus is not acceptable)
 
|-
##irc logs
| g || [g] || ग (not घ)
 
|-
##jboske
| i || [i] || ई (not इ). When the first letteral in a diphthong, equivalent to य, i.e. Lojban ''ia'', ''ie'', ''ii'', ''io'', ''iu'' are pronounced या, ये, यी, यो, यु/यू, respectively.
 
|-
##lojban beginners
| j || [ʒ] || झ़ (not झ), as in the Arabic pronunciation of the loanword अझ़दहा (''azhdahaa'', meaning "dragon"). Usually difficult for native Hindi speakers.
 
|-
##lessons
| k || [k] || क, ख
 
|-
##''websites?''
| l || [l] || ल
 
|-
#Sample entry: ''nau''
| m || [m] || म
 
|-
#Concordancing software
| n || [n] || न (not ण)
 
|-
#Voting software
| o || [o], [ɔ] || ओ, औ
 
|-
#Defining cmavo
| p || [p] || प (not फ)
 
|-
##Identify beforehand salient combinations and grammatical contexts
| r || [r] preferred, [ɾ] acceptable || र preferred, ड़ (not ड) acceptable
 
|-
### -nai and everything
| s || [s] || स
 
|-
###sumtcita vs. tense
| t || [t] or any variant || ट, ठ, त, थ
 
|-
###Some issues are in scope to be resolved by dictionary; some issues are purely [[jbocre: Proposed interpretive conventions|Proposed interpretive conventions]], not to be resolved within scope.
| u || [u] || उ, ऊ. When the first letteral in a diphthong, almost equivalent to व, i.e. Lojban ''ua'', ''ue'', ''ui'', ''uo'', ''uu'' are pronounced almost like वा, वे, वी, वो, वु/वू, respectively.
 
|-
##Identify debates
| v || [v] || As in English "v" (not व [ʋ], which does not appear in Lojban). [v] is the typical (but not ubiquitous) pronunciation of व in व्रत; the upper lip and bottom teeth must meet to produce this sound. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_phonology#Allophony_of_%5Bv%5D_and_%5Bw%5D See here for more info.]
 
|-
##Identify usage
| x || [x] || ख़ (not ख), as in the Arabic pronunciation of the loanword ख़ुश (''khush'', meaning "happy"). Usually difficult for native Hindi speakers.
 
|-
##Summary position
| y || [ə] || The sound of अ (not आ) when it appears by the juxtaposition of consonants, e.g. the sound transliterated as ''a'' in कर ''kar'', but notably not as in the start of अंदर/अन्दर ''andar'', which is [ʌ].
 
|-
##Vote
| z || [z] || ज़ (not ज), as in the Arabic pronunciation of the loanword मेज़ (''mez'', meaning "desk"). Usually difficult for native Hindi speakers.
 
|}
##Dissent: counterposition
 
##Iterate, watering down
 
#Selecting lujvo
 
##Frequency of usage in English
 
##Frequency of usage in Lojban
 
##jvajvo
 
##naturalist
 
#Selecting fu'ivla
 
##disciplines
 
##culture words: type 3
 
----
 
Done:
 
#Do logo: Cat with shepherd's crook ("herding cats") '''ba'o se zukte mi'e bypyfykyjy'''
 
#Do prototype page  '''ba'o se zukte mi'e bypyfykyjy'''
 
#[[jbocre: Mini-dictionary paradigms ivvying selma'o|Mini-dictionary paradigms ivvying selma'o]]  '''ba'o se zukte mi'e bypyfykyjy'''
 
##[[BAI subclasses ivvying BAI|BAI subclasses ivvying BAI]] '''ba'o se zukte mi'e bypyfykyjy'''

Latest revision as of 14:49, 26 September 2021

Lojban letteral Accepted phonemes (IPA) Hindi equivalents
' [h] ह
, [.] Syllable break
. [ʔ] Glottal stop. This sound doesn't appear in Hindi. It is the pause/catch between some words/syllables, such as in the English phrase "uh-oh", or as represented in Khasi by the consonant h (written in Bengali/Assamese script as হ) when it appears at the end of word. It also appears before many Arabic words that begin with a, such as الله‎ ("Allah") and أغاني (agaani, meaning "songs").
a [ɑ] आ (not अ)
b [b] ब (not भ)
c [ʃ] preferred, [ʂ] acceptable श preferred, ष acceptable
d [d] or any variant ड, द (not ढ or ध)
e [ɛ], [e] ए (not ऐ)
f [f], [ɸ] फ (strictly फ़ [f]; the modern pronunciation of फ is somewhere between [f] and [ɸ], usually closer to [f], and is thus acceptable; whereas the historic/Sanskrit pronunciation is [pʰ], which maps to Lojban p, and thus is not acceptable)
g [g] ग (not घ)
i [i] ई (not इ). When the first letteral in a diphthong, equivalent to य, i.e. Lojban ia, ie, ii, io, iu are pronounced या, ये, यी, यो, यु/यू, respectively.
j [ʒ] झ़ (not झ), as in the Arabic pronunciation of the loanword अझ़दहा (azhdahaa, meaning "dragon"). Usually difficult for native Hindi speakers.
k [k] क, ख
l [l] ल
m [m] म
n [n] न (not ण)
o [o], [ɔ] ओ, औ
p [p] प (not फ)
r [r] preferred, [ɾ] acceptable र preferred, ड़ (not ड) acceptable
s [s] स
t [t] or any variant ट, ठ, त, थ
u [u] उ, ऊ. When the first letteral in a diphthong, almost equivalent to व, i.e. Lojban ua, ue, ui, uo, uu are pronounced almost like वा, वे, वी, वो, वु/वू, respectively.
v [v] As in English "v" (not व [ʋ], which does not appear in Lojban). [v] is the typical (but not ubiquitous) pronunciation of व in व्रत; the upper lip and bottom teeth must meet to produce this sound. See here for more info.
x [x] ख़ (not ख), as in the Arabic pronunciation of the loanword ख़ुश (khush, meaning "happy"). Usually difficult for native Hindi speakers.
y [ə] The sound of अ (not आ) when it appears by the juxtaposition of consonants, e.g. the sound transliterated as a in कर kar, but notably not as in the start of अंदर/अन्दर andar, which is [ʌ].
z [z] ज़ (not ज), as in the Arabic pronunciation of the loanword मेज़ (mez, meaning "desk"). Usually difficult for native Hindi speakers.
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