morphology: consonants: Difference between revisions

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An '''initial''' is empty or one of the following single consonants or clusters, in any case not followed by another consonant:
An '''initial''' is empty or one of the following single consonants or clusters, in any case not followed by another consonant:
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| |r |l |c|cr|cl|s|sr|sl| | | | |j|-|-|z|-|- |
| |r |l |c|cr|cl|s|sr|sl| | | | |j|-|-|z|-|- |
|f|fr|fl|cf|cfr|cfl|sf|sfr|sfl| |v|vr|vl|jv|jvr|jvl|zv|zvr|zvl|
|f|fr|fl|cf|cfr|cfl|sf|sfr|sfl| |v|vr|vl|jv|jvr|jvl|zv|zvr|zvl|
|p|pr|pl|cp|cpr|cpl|sp|spr|spl| |b|br|bl|jb|jbr|jbl|zb|zbr|zbl|
|p|pr|pl|cp|cpr|cpl|sp|spr|spl| |b|br|bl|jb|jbr|jbl|zb|zbr|zbl|
|k|kr|kl|ck|ckr|ckl|sk|skr|skl| |g|gr|gl|jg|jgr|jgl|zg|zgr|zgl|
|k|kr|kl|ck|ckr|ckl|sk|skr|skl| |g|gr|gl|jg|jgr|jgl|zg|zgr|zgl|
|t|tr|-|ct|ctr|-|st|str|-| |d|dr|-|jd|jdr|-|zd|zdr|-|
|t|tr|-|ct|ctr|-|st|str|-| |d|dr|-|jd|jdr|-|zd|zdr|-|
|x|xr|xl|-|-|-|-|-|-| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|
|x|xr|xl|-|-|-|-|-|-| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|
|m|mr|ml|cm|cmr|cml|sm|smr|sml| | | | |jm|jmr|jml|zm|zmr|zml|
|m|mr|ml|cm|cmr|cml|sm|smr|sml| | | | |jm|jmr|jml|zm|zmr|zml|
|n|-|-|cn|-|-|sn|-|-| | | | |-|-|-|-|-|-|
|n|-|-|cn|-|-|sn|-|-| | | | |-|-|-|-|-|-|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | |tc| | |ts| | | | | | |dj| | |dz| | |
| | | |tc| | |ts| | | | | | |dj| | |dz| | |
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A '''syllabic''' consonant is one of '''l''', '''m''', '''n''', '''r'''.
A '''syllabic''' consonant is one of '''l''', '''m''', '''n''', '''r'''.


'''l''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'l' or 'L', not followed by '''h''' or '''l'''.
'''l''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'l' or 'L', not followed by '''h''' or '''l'''.


'''m''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'm' or 'M', not followed by '''h''' or '''m''' or '''z'''.
'''m''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'm' or 'M', not followed by '''h''' or '''m''' or '''z'''.


'''n''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'n' or 'N', not followed by '''h''' or '''n''' or an '''affricate'''.
'''n''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'n' or 'N', not followed by '''h''' or '''n''' or an '''affricate'''.


'''r''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'r' or 'R'.not followed by '''h''' or '''r'''.
'''r''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'r' or 'R'.not followed by '''h''' or '''r'''.


'''f''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'f' or 'F', not followed by '''h''' or '''f''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''f''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'f' or 'F', not followed by '''h''' or '''f''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.


'''p''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'p' or 'P', not followed by '''p''' or '''P''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''p''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'p' or 'P', not followed by '''p''' or '''P''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.


'''t''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 't' or 'T', not followed by '''h''' or '''t''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''t''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 't' or 'T', not followed by '''h''' or '''t''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.


'''k''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'k' or 'K', not followed by '''h''' or '''k''' or '''x''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''k''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'k' or 'K', not followed by '''h''' or '''k''' or '''x''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.


'''x''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'x' or 'X', not followed by '''h''' or '''x''' or '''k''' or '''c''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''x''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'x' or 'X', not followed by '''h''' or '''x''' or '''k''' or '''c''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.


'''c''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'c' or 'C', not followed by '''h''' or '''c''' or '''s''' or '''x''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''c''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'c' or 'C', not followed by '''h''' or '''c''' or '''s''' or '''x''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.


'''s''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 's' or 'S', not followed by '''h''' or '''s''' or '''c''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''s''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 's' or 'S', not followed by '''h''' or '''s''' or '''c''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.


'''j''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'j' or 'J', not followed by '''h''' or '''j''' or '''z''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''j''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'j' or 'J', not followed by '''h''' or '''j''' or '''z''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.


'''z''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'z' or 'Z', not followed by '''h''' or '''z''' or '''j''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''z''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'z' or 'Z', not followed by '''h''' or '''z''' or '''j''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.


'''b''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'b' or 'B', not followed by '''h''' or '''b''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''b''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'b' or 'B', not followed by '''h''' or '''b''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.


'''d''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'd' or 'D', not followed by '''h''' or '''d''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''d''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'd' or 'D', not followed by '''h''' or '''d''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.


'''g''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'g' or 'G', not followed by '''h''' or '''g''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''g''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'g' or 'G', not followed by '''h''' or '''g''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.


'''v''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'v' or 'V', not followed by '''h''' or '''v''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''v''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'v' or 'V', not followed by '''h''' or '''v''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.


'''h''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters ommas]] and ' ' ' or 'h', followed by a [[Morphology: syllables nucleus]].
'''h''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and ' ' ' or 'h', followed by a [[Morphology: syllables nucleus]].

Revision as of 07:24, 26 May 2014

An initial is empty or one of the following single consonants or clusters, in any case not followed by another consonant: || | |r |l |c|cr|cl|s|sr|sl| | | | |j|-|-|z|-|- | |f|fr|fl|cf|cfr|cfl|sf|sfr|sfl| |v|vr|vl|jv|jvr|jvl|zv|zvr|zvl| |p|pr|pl|cp|cpr|cpl|sp|spr|spl| |b|br|bl|jb|jbr|jbl|zb|zbr|zbl| |k|kr|kl|ck|ckr|ckl|sk|skr|skl| |g|gr|gl|jg|jgr|jgl|zg|zgr|zgl| |t|tr|-|ct|ctr|-|st|str|-| |d|dr|-|jd|jdr|-|zd|zdr|-| |x|xr|xl|-|-|-|-|-|-| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| |m|mr|ml|cm|cmr|cml|sm|smr|sml| | | | |jm|jmr|jml|zm|zmr|zml| |n|-|-|cn|-|-|sn|-|-| | | | |-|-|-|-|-|-| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | | | |tc| | |ts| | | | | | |dj| | |dz| | | ||

There are in all 102 possible initials, including the empty one.

An initial-pair is an initial cluster that consist of exactly two consonants.

An affricate pair is one of tc, ts, dj, dz.

A consonant is a voiced consonant, an unvoiced consonant or a syllabic consonant.

A voiced consonant is one of b, d, g, j, v, z.

An unvoiced consonant is one of c, f, k, p, s, t, x.

A syllabic consonant is one of l, m, n, r.

l is zero or more commas and 'l' or 'L', not followed by h or l.

m is zero or more commas and 'm' or 'M', not followed by h or m or z.

n is zero or more commas and 'n' or 'N', not followed by h or n or an affricate.

r is zero or more commas and 'r' or 'R'.not followed by h or r.

f is zero or more commas and 'f' or 'F', not followed by h or f or any voiced consonant.

p is zero or more commas and 'p' or 'P', not followed by p or P or any voiced consonant.

t is zero or more commas and 't' or 'T', not followed by h or t or any voiced consonant.

k is zero or more commas and 'k' or 'K', not followed by h or k or x or any voiced consonant.

x is zero or more commas and 'x' or 'X', not followed by h or x or k or c or any voiced consonant.

c is zero or more commas and 'c' or 'C', not followed by h or c or s or x or any voiced consonant.

s is zero or more commas and 's' or 'S', not followed by h or s or c or any voiced consonant.

j is zero or more commas and 'j' or 'J', not followed by h or j or z or any unvoiced consonant.

z is zero or more commas and 'z' or 'Z', not followed by h or z or j or any unvoiced consonant.

b is zero or more commas and 'b' or 'B', not followed by h or b or any unvoiced consonant.

d is zero or more commas and 'd' or 'D', not followed by h or d or any unvoiced consonant.

g is zero or more commas and 'g' or 'G', not followed by h or g or any unvoiced consonant.

v is zero or more commas and 'v' or 'V', not followed by h or v or any unvoiced consonant.

h is zero or more commas and ' ' ' or 'h', followed by a Morphology: syllables nucleus.

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