morphology: consonants: Difference between revisions

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An ''initial'' is empty or one of the following single consonants or clusters, in any case not followed by another consonant:


An '''initial''' is empty or one of the following single consonants or clusters, in any case not followed by another consonant:
{|class='wikitable'
|-
|_
|r
|l
|c
|cr
|cl
|s
|sr
|sl
|_
|_
|_
|_
|j
|_
|_
|z
|_
|_
|-
|f
|fr
|fl
|cf
|cfr
|cfl
|sf
|sfr
|sfl
|_
|v
|vr
|vl
|jv
|jvr
|jvl
|zv
|zvr
|zvl
|-
|p
|pr
|pl
|cp
|cpr
|cpl
|sp
|spr
|spl
|_
|b
|br
|bl
|jb
|jbr
|jbl
|zb
|zbr
|zbl
|-
|k
|kr
|kl
|ck
|ckr
|ckl
|sk
|skr
|skl
|_
|g
|gr
|gl
|jg
|jgr
|jgl
|zg
|zgr
|zgl
|-
|t
|tr
|_
|ct
|ctr
|_
|st
|str
|_
|_
|d
|dr
|_
|jd
|jdr
|_
|zd
|zdr
|_
|-
|x
|xr
|xl
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|-
|m
|mr
|ml
|cm
|cmr
|cml
|sm
|smr
|sml
|_
|_
|_
|_
|jm
|jmr
|jml
|zm
|zmr
|zml
|-
|n
|_
|_
|cn
|_
|_
|sn
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|-
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|-
|
|_
|_
|tc
|_
|_
|ts
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|_
|dj
|_
|_
|dz
|_
|_
|-
|
|}


||


| |r |l |c|cr|cl|s|sr|sl| | | | |j|-|-|z|-|- |
|f|fr|fl|cf|cfr|cfl|sf|sfr|sfl| |v|vr|vl|jv|jvr|jvl|zv|zvr|zvl|
|p|pr|pl|cp|cpr|cpl|sp|spr|spl| |b|br|bl|jb|jbr|jbl|zb|zbr|zbl|
|k|kr|kl|ck|ckr|ckl|sk|skr|skl| |g|gr|gl|jg|jgr|jgl|zg|zgr|zgl|
|t|tr|-|ct|ctr|-|st|str|-| |d|dr|-|jd|jdr|-|zd|zdr|-|
|x|xr|xl|-|-|-|-|-|-| |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|
|m|mr|ml|cm|cmr|cml|sm|smr|sml| | | | |jm|jmr|jml|zm|zmr|zml|
|n|-|-|cn|-|-|sn|-|-| | | | |-|-|-|-|-|-|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | |tc| | |ts| | | | | | |dj| | |dz| | |
||


There are in all 102 possible initials, including the empty one.
There are in all 102 possible initials, including the empty one.


An '''initial-pair''' is an initial cluster that consist of exactly two consonants.  
An ''initial-pair'' is an initial cluster that consist of exactly two consonants.  


An '''affricate''' pair is one of '''tc''', '''ts''', '''dj''', '''dz'''.
An ''affricate'' pair is one of '''tc''', '''ts''', '''dj''', '''dz'''.


A '''consonant''' is a '''voiced''' consonant, an '''unvoiced''' consonant or a '''syllabic''' consonant.
A ''consonant'' is a ''voiced'' consonant, an ''unvoiced'' consonant or a ''syllabic'' consonant.


A '''voiced''' consonant is one of '''b''', '''d''', '''g''', '''j''', '''v''', '''z'''.
A ''voiced'' consonant is one of '''b''', '''d''', '''g''', '''j''', '''v''', '''z'''.


An '''unvoiced''' consonant is one of '''c''', '''f''', '''k''', '''p''', '''s''', '''t''', '''x'''.
An ''unvoiced'' consonant is one of '''c''', '''f''', '''k''', '''p''', '''s''', '''t''', '''x'''.


A '''syllabic''' consonant is one of '''l''', '''m''', '''n''', '''r'''.
A ''syllabic'' consonant is one of '''l''', '''m''', '''n''', '''r'''.


'''l''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'l' or 'L', not followed by '''h''' or '''l'''.
'''l''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'l' or 'L', not followed by '''h''' or '''l'''.


'''m''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'm' or 'M', not followed by '''h''' or '''m''' or '''z'''.
'''m''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'm' or 'M', not followed by '''h''' or '''m''' or '''z'''.


'''n''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'n' or 'N', not followed by '''h''' or '''n''' or an '''affricate'''.
'''n''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'n' or 'N', not followed by '''h''' or '''n''' or an ''affricate''.


'''r''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'r' or 'R'.not followed by '''h''' or '''r'''.
'''r''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'r' or 'R'.not followed by '''h''' or '''r'''.


'''f''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'f' or 'F', not followed by '''h''' or '''f''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''f''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'f' or 'F', not followed by '''h''' or '''f''' or any ''voiced'' consonant.


'''p''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'p' or 'P', not followed by '''p''' or '''P''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''p''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'p' or 'P', not followed by '''p''' or '''P''' or any ''voiced'' consonant.


'''t''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 't' or 'T', not followed by '''h''' or '''t''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''t''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 't' or 'T', not followed by '''h''' or '''t''' or any ''voiced'' consonant.


'''k''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'k' or 'K', not followed by '''h''' or '''k''' or '''x''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''k''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'k' or 'K', not followed by '''h''' or '''k''' or '''x''' or any ''voiced'' consonant.


'''x''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'x' or 'X', not followed by '''h''' or '''x''' or '''k''' or '''c''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''x''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'x' or 'X', not followed by '''h''' or '''x''' or '''k''' or '''c''' or any ''voiced'' consonant.


'''c''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'c' or 'C', not followed by '''h''' or '''c''' or '''s''' or '''x''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''c''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'c' or 'C', not followed by '''h''' or '''c''' or '''s''' or '''x''' or any ''voiced'' consonant.


'''s''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 's' or 'S', not followed by '''h''' or '''s''' or '''c''' or any '''voiced''' consonant.
'''s''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 's' or 'S', not followed by '''h''' or '''s''' or '''c''' or any ''voiced'' consonant.


'''j''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'j' or 'J', not followed by '''h''' or '''j''' or '''z''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''j''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'j' or 'J', not followed by '''h''' or '''j''' or '''z''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.


'''z''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'z' or 'Z', not followed by '''h''' or '''z''' or '''j''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''z''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'z' or 'Z', not followed by '''h''' or '''z''' or '''j''' or any ''unvoiced'' consonant.


'''b''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'b' or 'B', not followed by '''h''' or '''b''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''b''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'b' or 'B', not followed by '''h''' or '''b''' or any ''unvoiced'' consonant.


'''d''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'd' or 'D', not followed by '''h''' or '''d''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''d''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'd' or 'D', not followed by '''h''' or '''d''' or any ''unvoiced'' consonant.


'''g''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'g' or 'G', not followed by '''h''' or '''g''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''g''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'g' or 'G', not followed by '''h''' or '''g''' or any ''unvoiced'' consonant.


'''v''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and 'v' or 'V', not followed by '''h''' or '''v''' or any '''unvoiced''' consonant.
'''v''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and 'v' or 'V', not followed by '''h''' or '''v''' or any ''unvoiced'' consonant.


'''h''' is zero or more [[jbocre: Morphology: special characters ommas]] and ' ' ' or 'h', followed by a [[jbocre: Morphology: syllables nucleus]].
'''h''' is zero or more [[Morphology: special characters|commas]] and ' ' ' or 'h', followed by a [[Morphology: syllables|nucleus]].

Latest revision as of 12:29, 5 October 2017

An initial is empty or one of the following single consonants or clusters, in any case not followed by another consonant:

_ r l c cr cl s sr sl _ _ _ _ j _ _ z _ _
f fr fl cf cfr cfl sf sfr sfl _ v vr vl jv jvr jvl zv zvr zvl
p pr pl cp cpr cpl sp spr spl _ b br bl jb jbr jbl zb zbr zbl
k kr kl ck ckr ckl sk skr skl _ g gr gl jg jgr jgl zg zgr zgl
t tr _ ct ctr _ st str _ _ d dr _ jd jdr _ zd zdr _
x xr xl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
m mr ml cm cmr cml sm smr sml _ _ _ _ jm jmr jml zm zmr zml
n _ _ cn _ _ sn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ tc _ _ ts _ _ _ _ _ _ dj _ _ dz _ _


There are in all 102 possible initials, including the empty one.

An initial-pair is an initial cluster that consist of exactly two consonants.

An affricate pair is one of tc, ts, dj, dz.

A consonant is a voiced consonant, an unvoiced consonant or a syllabic consonant.

A voiced consonant is one of b, d, g, j, v, z.

An unvoiced consonant is one of c, f, k, p, s, t, x.

A syllabic consonant is one of l, m, n, r.

l is zero or more commas and 'l' or 'L', not followed by h or l.

m is zero or more commas and 'm' or 'M', not followed by h or m or z.

n is zero or more commas and 'n' or 'N', not followed by h or n or an affricate.

r is zero or more commas and 'r' or 'R'.not followed by h or r.

f is zero or more commas and 'f' or 'F', not followed by h or f or any voiced consonant.

p is zero or more commas and 'p' or 'P', not followed by p or P or any voiced consonant.

t is zero or more commas and 't' or 'T', not followed by h or t or any voiced consonant.

k is zero or more commas and 'k' or 'K', not followed by h or k or x or any voiced consonant.

x is zero or more commas and 'x' or 'X', not followed by h or x or k or c or any voiced consonant.

c is zero or more commas and 'c' or 'C', not followed by h or c or s or x or any voiced consonant.

s is zero or more commas and 's' or 'S', not followed by h or s or c or any voiced consonant.

j is zero or more commas and 'j' or 'J', not followed by h or j or z or any unvoiced consonant.

z is zero or more commas and 'z' or 'Z', not followed by h or z or j or any unvoiced consonant.

b is zero or more commas and 'b' or 'B', not followed by h or b or any unvoiced consonant.

d is zero or more commas and 'd' or 'D', not followed by h or d or any unvoiced consonant.

g is zero or more commas and 'g' or 'G', not followed by h or g or any unvoiced consonant.

v is zero or more commas and 'v' or 'V', not followed by h or v or any unvoiced consonant.

h is zero or more commas and ' ' ' or 'h', followed by a nucleus.

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