Metaphor, metonymy and raising
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Metaphor is domain mapping. Metonymy is domain highlighting.
He is a sheep's head. |
This saying meaning He is a fool. has:
- a metaphor: mapping sheep to fools
- a metonymy: head of a person is made equal to the person himself.
There are several words in Lojban related to expressing metaphors:
- metfo - x1 (clause) is a metaphor/figurative expression having literal meaning x2
- pevna - x1: its qualities are represented as a metaphor x2 in dimension x3 (contains two {ce'} places for x1 and x2)
- pe'a - marks a construct as figurative (non-literal/metaphorical) speech/text
Metaphor or metonymy? A matter of understanding
Lojbanic community generally discourages of metaphors. E.g.
mi claxu lo zifre ditcu I lack free time. |
is considered a malglico.
However, it might be the case of incorrect translation + the lack of understanding that metonymy is involved here.
mi claxu lo se zifre se ditcu I lack free time [literally] |
might be a better translation that fixes English mixing of te sumti due to the lack of adequate analogs of SE particles in English.