test6
pei [interjection suffix] — what is your attitude to it?, how do you feel about it? (asks for the attitude)
- au pei mi kansa do — Do you want me to accompany you?
- pei mi'o zvati lo te salci — What about going to the party?
- Comment: can be used either on its own or as a modifier of interjection.
ja'ai [1st meaning: interjection] — affirms attitude. Used as a modifier of interjection
- ui ja'ai — Yay indeed!
- Comment: affirmative/negation pairs are {ja'ai}/{nai}, {ja'a}/{na}, {je'a}/{na'e}, {jo'a}/{na'i}.
nai [1st meaning: interjection] — opposite attitude. Used as a modifier of interjection
- ui i ui nai — Yay! Alas!
ra'o [interjection] — updates meaning from the viewpoint of the current speaker
- mi se pluka lo ka penmi do i go'i ra'o — I am pleased to meet you. - Me too.
a'a [interjection] — attention | {a'a} {cu'i} — inattentiveness | {a'a} {nai} — avoiding
- a'a ko ca'o skicu — I'm listening, go on talking!
- a'a cu'i ko denpa lo nu mi jai gau mulno fai ti — Eh, just a second, let me finish this.
- do tavla da a'a nai — La, la, la, I'm not listening what you are talking about.
- Related words: {jundi}, {rivbi}
a'e [interjection] — alertness | {a'e} {nai} — exhaustion
- a'e ba vlile tcima — It's going to be a storm.
- a'e nai mi ba klama lo ckana — Yaaaawn, I'm going to bed.
- Related words: {sanji}, {cikna}, {tatpi}
a'i [interjection] — Oomph! (effort, endeavor) | {a'i} {cu'i} — no special effort | {a'i} {nai} — repose
- a'i mi ca'o ralte — I'm trying to hold it!
- a'i cu'i ti frili — Ah, this is easy.
- a'i nai cikre ta — Nah, why bother fixing it.
- Related words: {snada}, {fliba}, {gunka}, {nandu}, {troci}
a'o [interjection] — hope | {a'o} {nai} — Gah! (despair)
- a'o vamji fa lo nu zukte — I hope, it's worth doing it.
- a'o nai mi co'u ponse da — Gah, I lost all my property.
- Related words: {pacna}
a'u [interjection] — Hmm... I wonder ... (interest) | {a'u} {cu'i} — Ho-hum (disinterest) | {a'u} {nai} — Eww! Yuck! (repulsion)
- a'u ro jbopre cu stati prenu — Interesting, all Lojbanists are smart people.
- a'u ma krinu — Hm, what is the reason?
- a'u cu'i do ne ka'ai lo nanla cu se zdani — It's none of my business that you live with a boy.
- a'u nai do co'a speni lo fange — You married a stranger, it's none of my business, I'd avoid this topic.
- a'u nai iu nai panci fa lo kalci i ai nai mi citka ti — Yuck, that smells like shit! I'm not going to eat this.
- Related words: {lo} {se} {cinri}
ai [interjection] — I'm gonna ... (intent) | {ai} {cu'i} — indecision | {ai} {nai} — unintentionally, accidentally
- ai mi vitke do — I'm going to visit you.
- a'i cu'i mi klama lo zarci — I'm indecisive to whether I should go to a shop.
- ai nai mi pu darxi do — I didn't mean to hit you.
- Related words: {te} {mukti}, {zukte}, {cuxna}
au [interjection] — Wish ... (desire) | {au} {cu'i} — meh (indifference) | {au} {nai} — Nuh-uh! (disinclination, reluctance)
- au e'o tcati — I'd like some tea, please.
- au cu'i do jai gau bredi fai lo cidja — You prepare the food or not ... I don't have any preferences.
- au nai do cliva — I don't want you to leave.
- au mi stali bu'u lo zdani gi'e nai kansa le nakni — I'd rather stay at home than come with him.
- Related words: {djica}
e'a [interjection] — you may, I allow | {e'a} {nai} — prohibiting
- e'a do klama lo nenri — You may come in.
- zu'e e'a nai fagri — No fire allowed!
- e'a nai crepu lo flora — You may not pick the flowers.
- Related words: {permite}
e'e [interjection] — Come on! (encouragement, instigation, provokation) | {e'e} {nai} — discouragement, demoralization
- e'e klama lo zdani — Let's go home.
- do e'e co'u denpa — C'mon, what are you waiting for?
- e'e do jarco lo ka vlipa — Show your strength, go for it!
- e'e mi kuspe do — I'll reach you.
- e'e nai mi claxu lo se ditcu — Sorry, I lack time.
- Related words: {kakne}, {certu}
e'i [interjection] — command, instruction, imposing obligation (imperative interjection)
- e'i mi cliva — I have to leave.
- do sanga e'i — Sing!
- e'i do carmi gunka — You ought to work hard.
- Related words: {bapli}, {rinju}
e'o [interjection] — please (request) | {e'o} {nai} — offer, grant
- e'o mi zgana — Let me see.
- e'o do dunda le jisra mi — Will you pass the juice, please?
- e'o nai ko lebna lo titla — Here, take some candies.
- Related words: {cpedu}, {pikci}
e'u [interjection] — Let's (suggestion) | {e'u} {nai} — warning, disadvise
- e'u mi'o troci — Let's try.
- e'u klama — Let's go.
- e'u nai do stapa lo crepu — You'd better not step onto the bridge.
- e'u do dasni lo kosta — You ought to wear a coat.
- Related words: {stidi}, {kajde}
ei [interjection] — I should ..., one should ... (obligation) | {ei} {nai} — freedom, how things need not be
- ei do ca sipna — You should be sleeping now.
- ei do djuno — You ought to know.
- ei nai do mipri lo nei — You needn't hide yourself.
- Related words: {bilga}, {zifre}
i'a [interjection] — OK (acceptance) | {i'a} {nai} — resistance
- i'a mi ba denpa — Okay, I will wait.
- i'a mi na certu — Well, I'm not an expert.
- lo danfu i'a nai cu ei drata — No, the solution doesn't satisfy me, it should be different.
- Related words: {mansa}, {fapro}, {fi'i}
i'e [interjection] — Fine! (approval) | {i'e} {cu'i} — non-approval | {i'e} {nai} — Boo! (disapproval)
- i'e do pu gunka lo vajni — Very good! You did an important work.
- i'e cu'i do pu tsuku ca lo se tcika — Well, okay, you arrived on time.
- i'e nai do jai lerci — Oy, you are late.
- Related words: {zanru}
i'i [interjection] — togetherness, comradeship | {i'i} {nai} — antagonistically
- i'i do badri doi pendo — You are sad, I know that feeling, bro.
- i'i nai mi zukte lo na me do moi — It's your problems, I'm not doing your work.
- Related words: {kansa}, {gunma}, {sivni}, {sepli}
i'o [interjection] — appreciation | {i'o} {nai} — envy
- i'o do je'a pendo — Ah, you're a true friend.
- i'o nai do ro roi se funca lo zabna — Mmm, you are always lucky.
- Related words: {ckire}, {jilra}
i'u [interjection] — familiarity | {i'u} {nai} — unfamiliarity, mystery
- coi i'u — Greetings, old friend.
- i'u lo vi plise cu kukte — Yes, these apples are sweet.
- ti i'u nai xotli — It's some hotel.
- Related words: {slabu}
ia [interjection] — belief | {ia} {cu'i} — allegedly (skepticism) | {ia} {nai} — Pshaw! (disbelief)
- ia drani — I believe that's correct.
- mi viska lo ponse be ia lo blanu zdani — I see an owner of what I believe to be a blue house.
- ia cu'i le prenu cu catra — Allegedly, he is the murderer.
- ia nai le prenu cu stace mi — I don't believe, he is frank with me.
- Related words: {krici}, {jinvi}
ie [interjection] — Yeah! Aye! (agreement) | {ie} {nai} — disagreement
- ie la kevin ka'e pu zvati ti — Yes, Alice could be here.
- le danlu cu morsi ie nai — No, I don't agree that the animal is dead.
- Related words: {tugni}
ii [interjection] — Eek! Yikes! (fear) | {ii} {nai} — safeness
- ii da klama — Eek, there is someone coming!
- ii nai le djacu na ba kuspe mi'o — The water won't reach us.
- Related words: {terpa}, {snura}
io [interjection] — respect | {io} {nai} — disrespect
- ko io jersi mi — This way, Sir!
- ko io nai ti klama — Get your asses over here!
- Related words: {sinma}
iu [interjection] — Aww! Mm! (love) | {iu} {cu'i} — no love lost | {iu} {nai} — hatred
- da'i mi stali — I'd love to stay.
- do iu nai na pu sidju mi — You didn't help me, hate you!
- cakla iu nai — I hate chocolate.
- Related words: {prami}
o'a [interjection] — pride | {o'a} {cu'i} — modesty/humility | {o'a} {nai} — what a shame!
- o'a ca ti mi kakne lo ka limna — Now I am able to swim.
- mi pu bilga o'a cu'i i fe bo mi sidju — It was just my duty, so I helped.
- o'a nai la alis nu'o bredi — What a shame, Alice is not ready yet.
- o'a nai se'i mi pu mrilu fi lo na drani — Oops, I mailed to a wrong address.
- Related words: {jgira}, {cumla}, {ckeji}
o'e [interjection] — intimacy, closeness, rapport | {o'e} {nai} — distance
- o'e mi do ba kansa lo ka vitke lo mikce — I'll go with you to see the doctor.
- o'e nai doi dirba mi na djuno — Dear, I don't know.
- o'e nai mi pensi — Leave me alone, I'm thinking.
- Related words: {kansa}
o'i [interjection] — Whoa! (caution) | {o'i} {nai} — rashness, recklessness
- o'i lo karce ca crane — Be careful, a car ahead!
- o'i nai gunta — Go ahead, attack!
- Related words: {kajde}, {ckape}
o'o [interjection] — Patience! | {o'o} {cu'i} — mere tolerance | {o'o} {nai} — impatience, intolerance
- o'o ko za'u re'u troci — Patience, try again!
- o'o cu'i ma pu mukti fi do — Ok, what was your motive to do it?
- o'o nai lo mamta ca zvati ma — Where is the mother after all?
- Related words: {fengu}, {steba}, {denpa}
o'u [interjection] — Phew! (relaxation) | {o'u} {cu'i} — composure, balance, sobriety, phlegm | {o'u} {nai} — stress, anxiety
- o'u ba'o vlile tcima — Phew, the storm is over.
- o'u cu'i mi pu tinbe lo se flalu — I followed the law.
- o'u nai lo mi bersa za'o na volve — My son is still not back.
- Related words: {surla}, {dunku}
oi [interjection] — Darn! Ouch! Hmph (complaint) | {oi} {nai} — pleasure
- mi tuple oi — Ouch, my leg!
- oi nai vifne djacu — Fresh water, how nice.
- Related words: {pante}, {pluka}, {kufra}
u'a [interjection] — gain | {u'a} {nai} — loss
- u'a sinxa lo nu mi pu drani — Aha, that's a sign that I was right.
- u'a nai la rob pu zabna gerku — Snif, Rob was a good dog.
- Related words: {jinga}, {cnemu}, {prali}, {cirko}
u'e [interjection] — Ooh! (wonder) | {u'e} {nai} — Pff! (commonplace)
- u'e le lalxu cu je'a melbi — Wow, the lake is really beautiful.
- u'e nai lalxu — So what? It's just a lake.
- u'e lo za'u vi jbari cu je'a kukte — Wow, these berries are indeed tasty.
- Related words: {marvele}, {fadni}
u'i [interjection] — Ha-ha! (amusement) | {u'i} {nai} — Blah (weariness)
- u'i lo mlatu cu troci lo ka kavbu lo rebla be vo'a — Ha-ha, a cat is trying to capture its tail.
- u'i nai mi pu tirna lo do xajmi lisri — Boring, I heard your funny story.
- Related words: {se} {zdile}, {se} {xajmi}, {xalbo}
u'o [interjection] — courage, boldness | {u'o} {cu'i} — timidity, shyness | {u'o} {nai} — cowardice
- u'o mi do ba jai gau snura — I'm coming to your rescue!
- u'o cu'i xu mi zifre lo ka stali — Erm, may I stay here?
- u'o nai mi na klama lo nenri — Oh no, I'm not going to enter.
- Related words: {virnu}
u'u [interjection] — Sorry! (repentance)
- u'u mi pu srera — Sorry, I made a mistake.
- Related words: {xenru}, {zungi}
ua [interjection] — Aha! Eureka! I get it! (discovery) | {ua} {nai} — Duh! I don't get it! (confusion, searching)
- ua nai ma smuni lo se cusku be do — Huh, what's the meaning of your words?
- ua le penbi cu nenri le tanxe — Oh, the pen is inside the box.
- Related words: {facki}, {cfipu}, {sisku}
ue [interjection] — Dear me! Yow! Hey?! Wow! (surprise) | {ue} {cu'i} — not really surprised | {ue} {nai} — expectation
- ue do xa'o zvati ti — Hey, you are already here!
- ue cu'i do ca'o sipna — Well, no surprises, you are still sleeping.
- ue nai ro da cu prane — Everything is perfect, just as I expected.
- Related words: {spaji}
ui [interjection] — Whee! Yay! Hooray! Yippie! Yahoo! (happiness) | {ui} {nai} — Alas! (unhappiness)
- ui mi pu penmi le fetsi zu'e mi — Yay, I had a meeting with her.
- ui nai mi fliba — Alas, I failed.
- Related words: {gleki}, {fu'au}
uo [interjection] — Voila! (completion) | {uo} {nai} — incompleteness
- uo mi facki lo danfu — Voila, I found a solution!
- uo nai do tu na ru'e darxi — Oh, you almost hit it.
- Related words: {mulno}, {mansa}, {fanmo}, {snada}
uu [interjection] — Oh dear! Poor thing! (pity, compassion) | {uu} {nai} — Mwa ha ha! (cruelty)
- uu a'o do ba jinga ca lo drata — Oh you poor thing, I hope you will win another time.
- uu nai do ba me lo selfu be mi — Mwa ha ha, you will be my slave!
- Comment: in English the word pity is often connected with the feeling of superiority which would be {uu} {ga'i} — pity combined with a sense of superiority, or {uu} {vu'e} — pity combined with a sense of virtue.
.
- Related words: {kecti}
ba'a [interjection] — I expect | {ba'a} {cu'i} — I experience | {ba'a} {nai} — I remember
- ba'a lo mi mamta ca zvati le zdani — I expect my mother to be at home now.
- ba'a le mi pendo pu jinga — I expect my friend to have won.
- ba'a cu'i lo se klani be lo sovda cu lacri lo tcika lo nu lo jipci cu jai gau cfari — In my experience, the number of eggs depends on when a hen starts.
- ba'a nai do na nelci lo laldo prenu — As I remember, you don't like old people.
- Comment: {ba'a} might refer to past events, which you simply don't have information about yet. {ba'a} marks not yet known, {ba'a} {cu'i} marks knowledge being acquired at the moment of speaking, {ba'a} {nai} marks already acquired knowledge.
- Related words: {lifri}, {vedli}, {kanpe}
ca'e [interjection] — I define
- ca'e do zutse va — You sit there!
- ca'e do klama ka'ai mi — You go with me!
- ca'e lo se gunka cu mulno — The work is hereby done.
- ca'e gusni — Let there be light!
- Related words: {jetnu}
ja'o [interjection] — I conclude
- ja'o do merko — Then, you must be an American.
- ja'o do na nelci lo birje — So, you don't like beer.
- Related words: {nibli}
ju'a [interjection] — I state (non-specified source of information)
- ju'a ro da cu se senpi ei — Everything should be doubted, I say.
- Related words: {xusra}
ka'u [interjection] — I know by cultural means (myth, custom)
- ka'u so'a prenu cu xebni da — We know that most people hate something.
- Related words: {kulnu}
pe'i [interjection] — In my opinion. I think
- pe'i do drani — I think you are right.
- pe'i vamji fa lo nu retsku — I think it's worth asking.
- Comment: for thinking (musing upon something) use {pensi}.
- Related words: {jinvi}
ru'a [interjection] — I postulate, I presume
- ru'a mi milxe lo ka bilma — I presume, I am a bit ill.
- Related words: {sruma}
se'o [interjection] — I know from a dream, vision, or personal revelation
- se'o do ba snada — I have a feeling you will succeed.
- Comment: {za'a} is for expressing external experience, {se'o} is for expressing internal experience.
- Related words: {senva}
si'au [interjection] — It seems
- si'au le fetsi cu xebni do — It seems, she hates you.
- si'au le ctuca pu co'u pacna — It seems, the teacher was disappointed.
su'a [interjection] — I generalize | {su'a} {nai} — in particular
- lo speni be mi bei fa la alis cu xebni lo birje i je su'a ro ninmu cu xebni lo birje — Alice, which is my wife, hates beer.
- mi nelci lo ninmu y ju'e su'a nai la alis — And that shows that all women hate it. I like women ... Alice in particular.
ti'e [interjection] — I hear (hearsay)
- ti'e ba carvi — They say it will rain.
- ti'e le prenu cu zabna mikce — She is said to be a good doctor.
- Related words: {tirna}, {sitna}, {tcidu}
za'a [interjection] — I observe
- oi nai za'a melbi tcima — Oh, what a nice weather.
- za'a lo aftobuso cu jai lerci — Apparently, the bus is late.
- za'a cladu bu'u lo bartu — I can hear the loud sound outside.
- ja'o carmi carvi — So it must be raining heavily.
- Comment: {za'a} is for expressing external experience, {se'o} is for expressing internal experience.
- Related words: {zgana}, {lanli}
ba'u [interjection] — exaggeration | {ba'u} {cu'i} — to be precise, literally | {ba'u} {nai} — to put it mildly (understatement)
- do no ba'u roi jimpe fi mi — You never understand me.
- le pa tadni pu no ba'u cu'i roi jimpe lo ve ciksi be fo mi — The student literally never understood my explanations.
- le terdi cu barda ba'u nai — The Earth is big, to put it mildly.
- Related words: {satci}, {zildukse}
da'i [interjection] — supposing | {da'i} {nai} — in fact
- da'i mi ricfu — I could be rich.
- da'i nai mi se zdani lo daplu — I do live on an island.
- Related words: {se} {xanri}, {sruma}
do'a [interjection] — generously, broadly construed | {do'a} {nai} — at least (parsimoniously)
- do'a mi do ka'e ctuca lo se jmina — I could teach you some additional things.
- do'a nai do no da zekri lebna — At least you didn't steal anything.
- a'o mi te dunda lo kargu karce a ke do'a nai lo karce poi na spofu — Hopefully, I'll be given an expensive car or at least one that isn't broken.
- Related words: {sa'e} {nai}
fu'au [interjection] — luckily | {fu'au} {nai} — unluckily
- fu'au mi se permite fi lo ka dasni lo tordu skaci — Luckily, I'm allowed to wear a short skirt.
- do ca zvati lo zdani fu'au dai — You are now at home, lucky you.
- fu'au nai lo vi dacti na mutce da'i lo ka plixau — Unluckily, this thing wouldn't be of big help.
- fu'au nai no da pu ganse lo nu le ninmu ba'o kansa mi'a — Unluckily, no one noticed that she was no longer with us.
- Related words: {zabna}, {funca}, {ui}, {di'ai}
je'u [interjection] — truly, yes | {je'u} {nai} — no (false)
- je'u do stati prenu — Truly, you are a smart person.
- lo je'u nai purdi cu se ponse lo za'u cizra prenu — This "garden" (which is in fact not a garden) is owed by some weird people.
- xu do kansa mi'a i je'u nai — Are you with us? No.
- Related words: {jetnu}
ke'u [interjection] — I repeat, as I already said | {ke'u} {nai} — furthermore, what is more (continuing)
- ke'u mi na tugni do — I repeat, I don't agree with you.
- ke'u nai mi se zdani na ku lo tcadu — Furthermore, I live not in a city.
- Related words: {basna}, {krefu}, {rapli}
la'a [interjection] — probably | {la'a} {nai} — improbably
- la'a ti traji lo ka misno — Probably, this is the most popular one.
- la'a ru'e ve ciksi — Probably, it's the explanation.
- la'a nai la kevin ka'e jai gau birti fai la alis — It's improbable that Kevin can convince Alice.
- la'a le nakni ba zi mo'u zukte — He ought to finish soon.
- Related words: {lakne}
li'a [interjection] — clearly, of course | {li'a} {nai} — obscurely
- li'a do xanka — You are clearly worried.
- li'a no da poi te ckini be la alis bei la kevin pu na drani — Clearly, nothing in their relations was amiss.
- li'a mi pu no roi vitke lo dzipo tumla — Of course, I have never been to Antarctica.
- li'a nai lo tcima cu funca le solri — Weather depends on the sun, I see, but it's complicated.
- Related words: {klina}
mu'a [interjection] — for example
- mi nelci lo danlu noi mu'a du lo gerku e lo mlatu — I like animals like, for example, dogs and cats.
- Related words: {mupli}
pa'e [interjection] — Speaking impartially | {pa'e} {nai} — prejudice
- pa'e le stasu cu xlali — In my unbiased opinion, the soup is terrible.
- pa'e nai lo za'u vi pixra poi mi finti cu te rai xamgu — Of course, I'm biased, but my paintings are the best.
- Related words: {vrude}, {nutli}, {pajni}
ra'u [interjection] — primarily, mainly (in importance) | {ra'u} {cu'i} — equally (in importance) | {ra'u} {nai} — incidentally (low in importance)
- ra'u ko tolxanka denpa — Above all, be patient.
- ei mi gunka i je ra'u cu'i ei mi surla — I need to work. But with equal importance I need to relax.
- ra'u nai mi na se spaji — Incidentally, I'm not surprised.
- Related words: {ralju}, {vajni}
sa'e [interjection] — precisely speaking | {sa'e} {nai} — loosely speaking
- mi ca zvati lo centero be le tcadu — To be precise, I'm in the center of the city.
- lo arxokuna cu mabru sa'e nai — Raccoons are mammals, roughly speaking.
- Related words: {satci}, {jibni}
sa'u [interjection] — simply | {sa'u} {nai} — elaborating
- mi lo zabna pu se funca sa'u — I was just lucky.
- do zukte ma — What are you doing?
- mi ca tcidu sa'u — I'm just reading.
- do tcidu ma sa'u nai dai — What are you reading, please, elaborate.
- sa'u nai mi pu penmi lo ninmu noi mi pu tadni ka'ai ke'a — To add details, I met a woman who I had studied with.
- Related words: {sampu}, {pluja}
ta'o [interjection] — by the way | {ta'o} {nai} — returning to main point
- ta'o do nanca ma — By the way, how old are you?
- ta'o nai mi platu lo ka vitke la moskov de'i li jy dy re — Back to the point, I'm planning to visit Moscow on Tuesday.
- Related words: {ni'o}, {vajni}
to'u [interjection] — in short | {to'u} {nai} — in detail
- to'u mi na djuno lo danfu — In short, I don't know the answer.
- to'u nai mi cliva ca lo lamji vanci — In detail, I leave this evening.
- Related words: {tordu}, {clani}, {tcidu}
va'i [interjection] — in other words
- mi ponse so'u jdini — I have little money.
- va'i mi pindi — In other words, I'm poor.
- Related words: {cusku}, {te} {smuni}
zu'u [interjection] — on the one hand | {zu'u} {nai} — on the other hand
- zu'u le jufra cu satci lo ka se smuni — On the one hand, the sentence is exact in meaning.
- zu'u nai du'e va'e clani — On the other hand, it is too long.
- Related words: {tcemi}, {frica}, {dukti}
bi'u [interjection] — newly introduced information | {bi'u} {nai} — previously introduced information
- lo bi'u nai nixli pu klama lo panka i bi'u le nixli ca tavla lo nanla bu'u le panka — That girl (mentioned earlier), she went to a park. What is new is that she is talking to a boy there.
- Comment: the situation may be not new but that the noun marked with {bi'u} appears in it is new. {bi'u} introduces new objects, events facts, not just rephrases earlier facts..
- Related words: {cnino}
jo'a [interjection] — the clause can make sense in meaning (metalinguistic affirmer)
- lu xu le prenu noi sanli ne'a lo va dinju cu ninmu li'u lu jo'a i mi na djuno li'u — "Is the person standing near that building a woman?" "Good question! I don't know! (there is a person standing near the building, the question of whether it's a woman is applicable)."
- Comment: {na'i} is metalinguistic negation.
- Related words: {drani}
kau [interjection] — marks word as an indirect question
- mi djuno lo du'u ma kau darxi ba'e la alis — I know who hit Alice (not someone else).
- mi pu na birti lo nu xo kau prenu cu zvati — I wasn't sure how many people were present.
li'o [interjection] — and so on (omitted text)
- la kevin cu pa moi i la edvard cu re moi i li'o — Kevin is the first. Eduard is the second, and so on.
na'i [interjection] — the clause doesn't make sense (metalinguistic negator)
- ca ma do pu te vecnu lo ractu i le ractu na'i — When did you buy a rabbit? I didn't buy a rabbit.
- i do jinvi ma lo pelmeni i na'i i mi na se slabu zo pelmeni — What do you think of pelmeni? Nothing, I don’t know this word.
- Related words: {na} {drani}
pau [interjection] — optional question marker | {pau} {nai} — marks the question as a rhetorical one
- pau do retsku lo se du'u ma krinu lo nu balvi vau ji lo nu pilno — You are asking of what is the reason for something happening in the future, and/or in usage. What is that reason, and is it for something happening in the future, a usage, or both?
- lo prenu cu bebna ki'u ma pau nai — Why people are so stupid?
- Comment: {pau} marks the question as non-rhetorical, in other words, the one that is expected to be answered. {pau} may be used for expressing symbol "¿" in Spanish.
- Related words: {retsku}
ji'a [interjection] — additionally, too
- mi ji'a je'a nelci — I like it too.
- lo xagji cribe cu citka fe ji'a sai lo insekto — A hungry bear will eat even insects.
- Comment: {ji'a} means 'additionally', {si'a} means 'similarly' implying that there is another salient difference.
- Related words: {jmina}
ku'i [interjection] — however, but, in contrast | {ku'i} {nai} — in line
- i ku'i mi na ralte lo jdini — However, I don't have money.
- le fetsi pu ku tatpi gi'e ku'i nai co'a sipna — She was tired and in line with that she fell asleep.
- Comment: {ku'i} {nai} is used to draw conclusions in accordance with those statements which were said previously.
- Related words: {frica}, {dukti}, {na} {panra}
mi'u [interjection] — ditto (the same thing) — another one
- mi pu zukte ra mi'u — I did the same thing.
- mi pu lebna lo cukta gi'e dunda lo cukta mi'u nai la alis — I took a book and gave another one to Alice.
- Related words: {mintu}, {bi'u} {nai}, {le}, {ri}, {ra}
po'o [interjection] — uniquely, only, solely (the only relevant case) | {po'o} {cu'i} — for one (not excluding other) | {po'o} {nai} — among others
- i lo troci ku po'o snada i je ku'i lo troci po'o cu fliba — Only the one who tries, succeeds, and the one who only tries, fails.
- po'o mi na kansa le fetsi — The only thing is, I'm not with her.
- mi pu te vecnu ke po'o lo jisra — I bought only some juice.
- mi na zanru lo ve sfasa noi po'o cu'i zekri — I don't approve of punishments which, for one, are a crime.
- mi pu te vecnu ke po'o nai lo titla — I bought candies among other things.
- Related words: {pa} {mei}, {mulno}, {te} {panra}
si'a [interjection] — similarly | {si'a} {nai} — not similarly
- mi si'a pu vitke le tcadu i sa'u go'i ca lo drata nanca — I also visited the city (just in another year).
- mi nelci lo finpe si'a nai — But i like fish.
- Comment: {ji'a} means additionally, {si'a} means similarly implying that there is another salient difference.
- Related words: {simsa}, {panra}
re'e [interjection suffix] — religious/worship/supernatural attribute | {re'e} {cu'i} — secular attribute | {re'e} {nai} — sacrilegious attribute
- ko na cliva mi doi crida iu re'e — Don't leave me, oh my beloved fairy!
- do io nai re'e nai se lijda lo mabla — Yay, you built a temple (well, no religious feelings here)!
- ui re'e cu'i do'o pu zbasu lo malsi — You belong to a shitty religion, no respect to you in this!
- Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.
- Related words: {lijda}
ro'a [interjection suffix] — interacting socially (communication, customs) | {ro'a} {cu'i} — not focused towards interacting socially | {ro'a} {nai} — focused away from interacting socially
- oi ro'a ca ti mi se cfipu — Awkward. I'm confused.
- ui ro'a cu'i mi cikre lo mi skami — I'm just puttering here by myself, fixing my computer.
- ui nai ro'a no da zvati ti — I feel so lonely, nobody is here.
- Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.
- Related words: {jikca}
ro'e [interjection suffix] — thinking/intellectual aspect | {ro'e} {cu'i} — not focused towards contemplating | {ro'e} {nai} — mindless action
- ui ro'e mi morji — Yay, I remember!
- a'i ro'e cu'i mi ba zukte — I will do it not putting much intellectual effort.
- do marvele iu ro'e nai — There is no logic in it, you are just wonderful.
- Comment: used without an interjection to indicate focus of the speaker.
- Related words: {menli}
ro'i [interjection suffix] — emotionally | {ro'i} {cu'i} — non-emotionally | {ro'i} {nai} — denying emotions
- ui ro'i sai mi'a jinga — I'm just overwhelmed with emotions, we won!!
- do mo ro'i — How do you feel?
- ui ro'i cu'i mi kanro — Feelings apart, I'm healthy.
- ui ro'i nai do snada — No rejoicing from me, you won.
- Related words: {cinmo}
ro'o [interjection suffix] — being restricted to physical body | {ro'o} {cu'i} — not oriented towards physical experience | {ro'o} {nai} — denying physical experience
- oi nai ro'o kukte — Yum, yum, it's tasty.
- ii ro'o cu'i ka'e kargu — I'm afraid it can be expensive.
- ii ro'o nai mi na drani punji le tanxe — No, not that it requires physical work, but I'm afraid I might not put the box correctly.
- Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.
- Related words: {xadni}
ro'u [interjection suffix] — sexually | {ro'u} {nai} — sexual abstinence
- iu ro'u doi nanla — Boy, you are hot, I love you.
- do melbi iu ro'o cu'i — You are pretty, not that I love you in sexual sense.
- do mi kansa ui ro'u nai doi pendo — Yay, you are with me, my buddy.
- Comment: used without an attitudinal to indicate focus of the speaker.
- Related words: {seksi}
be'u [interjection suffix] — lack/need | {be'u} {cu'i} — presence/satisfaction | {be'u} {nai} — satiation
- u'i be'u ko skicu lo drata lisri — Hehe, not that funny, tell me another story.
- ui be'u cu'i do bevri re verba mlatu noi mi pu djica — Yay, you brought the two kittens whom I wanted.
- u'i be'u nai ba'a mi ca farlu lo loldi — Ha-ha-ha, so funny, I can't laugh anymore, I might fall down to the floor now.
- Related words: {claxu}, {nitcu}, {mansa}
dai [interjection suffix] — marks empathetic use of interjection, shows another's feelings
- oi ro'o dai tuple doi le cifnu — I know it hurts, baby!
- do jinga ui dai — You won, yay you!
- ui nai dai lo do gerku co'a morsi — You must be sad, your dog died.
- Related words: {kansa}
fu'i [interjection suffix] — the state has been achieved easily | {fu'i} {nai} — state has been achieved hard
- e'e fu'i mi cpare le cmana — I can easily climb the mountain, I can go for it!
- ui fu'i nai mi tsuku lo korbi be le tcadu — Yay, that was hard but now I'm at the edge of the city.
- Related words: {frili}
ga'i [interjection] — expressing hauteur | {ga'i} {cu'i} — expressing equal rank | {ga'i} {nai} — meekness (used with one of lower rank)
- do nitcu ma doi pikci ga'i — What do you need, you beggar?
- mi ro do ga'i cu'i tavla — I'm talking to you, my peers.
- e'o doi turni ko sidju mi'a ga'i nai sai — Please, governor, help us, worthless people.
- Related words: {gapru}, {cnita}
ju'o [interjection] — I'm sure (certainty) | {ju'o} {cu'i} — maybe, perhaps (uncertainty) | {ju'o} {nai} — I have no idea! (lack of certainty)
- ju'o do pu pensi da — You must have thought of something.
- ju'o cu'i le nakni cu zukte xau le fetsi — Maybe, he is doing it for her, I'm not sure.
- ju'o nai xu lo tai valsi cu se pilno — Are such words used? I have no idea!
- Related words: {birti}, {cumki}
le'o [interjection] — Grr! (aggression) | {le'o} {cu'i} — expressing passive (non-agressive) emotion | {le'o} {nai} — expressing defensive emotion
- le'o ro ko tinbe fi mi — Everybody follow my orders!
- le'o cu'i sa'u mi pu retsku zo'ei lo se klani be lo nu do kanro — Hey, I just asked you about your health.
- le'o nai mi jimpe lo du'u ei mi zutse ti — Okay, okay, I understand that I have to sit here.
- Related words: {gunta}, {bandu}
ri'e [interjection suffix] — expressing release of attitude | {ri'e} {nai} — expressing restraint of attitude
- oi ri'e mi cirko lo mi ckiku — Ah, I lost my keys.
- oi ri'e nai cortu — Mmm, it hurts.
- Related words: {rinju}
se'a [interjection suffix] — self-sufficiency | {se'a} {nai} — dependency
- fa se'a le verba pu kelci — The child played by himself.
- fa se'a nai le cifnu cu cadzu — The infant walks but not by himself.
- Related words: {lacri}
se'i [interjection suffix] — interjection is self-oriented | {se'i} {nai} — interjection is oriented towards others
- oi se'i mi pu srera — Oh, I made a mistake.
- oi se'i nai da spofu botpi bu'u lo loldi — Someone would be discontented, there is a broken bottle on the floor.
- Related words: {drata}
vu'e [interjection] — expressing virtue | {vu'e} {nai} — expressing sin
- ie vu'e sarcu fa lo nu le tcadu cu se daspo — It's my virtue, I agree that the city should be destroyed.
- mi djica vu'e nai lo nu do na cliva — My sin, I don't want you to leave.
- ui vu'e nai mi pu citka lo titla poi mi pu zekri lebna — Yay, I ate a candy that I had stolen.
- Related words: {vrude}, {zungi}
xo'o [interjection suffix] — verbal irony | {xo'o} {nai} — sincerely
- je'u xo'o do ne se mau djuno — Yes, of course, you know better (sarcastically)!
- xo'o nai sai do pu rau va'e gunka — With full sincerity, I can tell you that you worked enough.
- Comment: For {xo'o} the intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used, in {xo'o} {nai} it explicitely marks the intended meaning as matching the words. Sarcasm isn't necessarily implied.
zo'o [interjection suffix] — Kidding... (humorously) | {zo'o} {cu'i} — that might be either serious or a joke | {zo'o} {nai} — seriously
- zo'o pei — Are you kidding?
- e'u zo'o renro la kevin lo vi kevna — Let's throw Kevin into this hole (kidding ...).
- mi kakne lo ka plipe fi lo ve'i cmana vau zo'o cu'i — I might be able to jump from the hill.
- zo'o nai do fanza — Seriously, you are annoying.
- Related words: {xajmi}, {junri}
ge'e [interjection] — attitude unspecified or known from context
- ge'e lo mi mlatu mo'u se jbena pa no da — Well, my cat has given birth to ten kittens.
ki'a [interjection question] — Huh? (confusion about something said) | {ki'a} {nai} — I understand (understanding about something said)
- lu mi pu te vecnu lo granate li'u lu granate ki'a li'u — "I bought granate." "Huh, granate?"
- lu sa'u le verba cu mutce lo ka tatpi li'u lu ki'a nai li'u — "The child is just very tired." "I understand."
- Related words: {cfipu}, {kucli}
ko'oi [interjection] — imperative
- do o nai ko'oi mi co'a morsi — Either you or I die!
- ko'oi mi'o klama — Let's go!
- le prenu ko'oi cu citka le grute — Let him eat the fruit!
- lo ko'oi se platu be do cu te snada — Let your plan be successful!
- Comment: hortative. {ko} is a short form of {do} {ko'oi}. {ko'oi} is a broader term than {au}, {a'o}, {e'o}, {e'u}, {e'a}, {e'i}, {ei}.
- Related words: {minde}, {cpedu}, {permite}, {pacna}, {stidi}, {djica}, {bilga}
xu [interjection] — true-false question | {xu} {nai} — false-true question
- xu do pu djuno — Did you know?
- xu nai do pu djuno — Didn't you know?
bu'o [interjection suffix] — shows the start of emotion | {bu'o} {cu'i} — shows the continuation of emotion | {bu'o} {nai} — shows the end of emotion
- za'o ku do tsuku ui bu'o — At last you arrived, and I'm happy now!
- ua nai bu'o cu'i la alis cu simsa fi lo ka na zvati — What's going on, Alice is also not present.
- u'i bu'o nai mi di'a gunka — Enough laughing, I'm back to work.