pronunciation guide in English: Difference between revisions
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* (WaE) = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_English Welsh English] | * (WaE) = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_English Welsh English] | ||
== Vowels (preferred) == | == Tables == | ||
=== Vowels (preferred) === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Vowels (allowed) == | === Vowels (allowed) === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Diphthongs == | === Diphthongs === | ||
A diphthong is a vowel sound that consists of two elements: a short vowel sound and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semivowel glide]. A labial (IPA [w]) or palatal (IPA [j]) glide either precedes (an on-glide) or follows (an off-glide) the main vowel. Diphthongs always constitute a single syllable. | A diphthong is a vowel sound that consists of two elements: a short vowel sound and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semivowel glide]. A labial (IPA [w]) or palatal (IPA [j]) glide either precedes (an on-glide) or follows (an off-glide) the main vowel. Diphthongs always constitute a single syllable. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Sibilants == | === Sibilants === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Fricatives == | === Fricatives === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Affricates == | === Affricates === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ! scope="col" width="64px" | lojban | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Rhotics == | === Rhotics === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! lojban | ! lojban | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Nasals == | === Nasals === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! lojban | ! lojban | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Approximants == | === Approximants === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! lojban | ! lojban | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Stops == | === Stops === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! lojban | ! lojban | ||
Revision as of 16:14, 28 March 2021
Tags
Examples are tagged with an English dialect. Any example that is not tagged is considered "General American" (GA).
Tags currently used:
- (AuE) = Australian English
- (ScE) = Scottish English
- (WaE) = Welsh English
Tables
Vowels (preferred)
| lojban | IPA | Names | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | [a] | Open front unrounded vowel | a in hat (WaE) |
| e | [ɛ] | Open-mid front unrounded vowel | e in bed |
| i | [i] | Close front unrounded vowel | ee in free |
| o | [o] | Close-mid back rounded vowel | aw in yawn (AuE), o in go (ScE) |
| u | [u] | Close back rounded vowel | oo in boot |
| y | [ə] | Mid-central vowel | a in above |
Vowels (allowed)
| lojban | IPA | Names | Examples | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | [ɑ] | Open back unrounded vowel | a in father | |
| e | [e] | Close-mid front unrounded vowel | ay in play (ScE, not GA) | Be careful not to confuse with the diphthong ei! |
| o | [ɔ] | Open-mid back rounded vowel | o in not (AuE, not GA) |
Diphthongs
A diphthong is a vowel sound that consists of two elements: a short vowel sound and a glide. A labial (IPA [w]) or palatal (IPA [j]) glide either precedes (an on-glide) or follows (an off-glide) the main vowel. Diphthongs always constitute a single syllable.
| lojban | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| ai | [aj] | high, Taipei |
| ei | [ɛj] | weigh, Taipei |
| oi | [oj] | boy |
| au | [aw] | cow |
| ia | [ja] | yard |
| ie | [jɛ] | yell |
| ii | [ji] | ye |
| io | [jo] | yogurt |
| iu | [ju] | beauty |
| ua | [wa] | wander |
| ue | [wɛ] | well |
| ui | [wi] | weak |
| uo | [wo] | woe |
| uu | [wu] | woo |
| iy | [jə] | million |
| uy | [wə] | was (unstressed) |
Sibilants
| lojban | IPA | Names | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| c | [ʃ] | Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant | sh in shape |
| j | [ʒ] | Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant | s in measure, j in déjà vu |
| s | [s] | Voiceless alveolar sibilant | s in soon |
| z | [z] | Voiced alveolar sibilant | z in zinc |
Fricatives
| lojban | IPA | Names | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| f | [f] | Voiceless labiodental fricative | f in fall |
| v | [v] | Voiced labiodental fricative | v in voice |
| x | [x] | Voiceless velar fricative | ch in loch (ScE) |
| ' | [h] | Voiceless glottal fricative | h in hose |
Affricates
| lojban | IPA | Names | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| dj | [dʒ] | Voiced palato-alveolar affricate | j in joke |
| tc | [tʃ] | Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate | ch in chat |
| dz | [ʣ] | Voiced alveolar affricate | ds in pads |
| ts | [ʦ] | Voiceless alveolar affricate | ts in cats |
Rhotics
| lojban | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| r | [r], [ɹ], [ɾ], [ʀ], [r̩], [ɹ̩], [ɾ̩], [ʀ̩] | rock |
Nasals
| lojban | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| n | [n], [n̩], [ŋ̍], [ŋ̩] | nose |
| m | [m], [m̩] | move |
Approximants
| lojban | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| l | [l], [l̩] | l in lake |
Stops
| lojban | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| b | [b] | bottle |
| d | [d] | dance |
| g | [g] | goose |
| k | [k] | keen |
| p | [p] | powder |
| t | [t] | time |