observative: Difference between revisions

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For the Lojbanists interested in history: a grammatical comparison of Loglan vs Lojban
~np~<xalbo> If you erase from your mind all mention of the term "observative", your understanding of lojban will increase.~/np~
 
 
* terminology
** prim(itive) = [[jbocre: gismu|gismu]] (see also [[jbocre: gismu != primitives|gismu != primitives]])
 
** borrowing = [[jbocre: fu'ivla|fu'ivla]]
** complex, CPX = [[jbocre: lujvo|lujvo]] (hence pluja valsi)
 
** metaphor = [[jbocre: tanru|tanru]]
** little word, LW = [[jbocre: cmavo|cmavo]] (hence cmalu valsi!)
 
** affix = [[jbocre: rafsi|rafsi]]
** [[jbocre: lexeme|lexeme]] = [[jbocre: selma'o|selma'o]] (in the extended sense)
 
** [[jbocre: GMR|GMR]] (Great Morphological Revolution) = introduction of rafsi system into the language (pre-split)
* Phonetics/Orthography
 
** Vowels
*** diphthongs are ai, ei, oi, ao (= Lojban au)
 
*** optional diphthongs are iV, uV
*** all other vowel pairs are pronounced with glides
 
*** no equivalent of ', so no contrast like ai/a'i
** Consonants
 
*** role of x is taken by h
*** Extra letters (used only in names, borrowings):
 
**** x, pronounced as in Lojban
**** q, IPA [[jbocre: T|T]] = English unvoiced "th"
 
**** w, IPA [[jbocre: y|y]] = German �, French u
** Capitalization follows the pattern standard for the European languages: used in the beginning of a sentence and for proper names. Nonstandard stress is marked by an apostrophe preceding the stressed syllable.
 
* Morphology
** basically the same at time of split
 
** Loglan has added a new rule: in any lujvo beginning CVCC, where CC is a permissible initial, change to CVCyC. This eliminates the need for the slinku'i test (according to TLI)
* Vocabulary
 
** Gismu
*** formed on the same principles
 
*** very different in detail due to different weights (much more English-y) and presence of h instead of x
*** see also [[Borrowing from Loglan|Borrowing from Loglan]]
 
*** see also [[jbocre: The x2 place of blanu|The x2 place of blanu]]
** Rafsi
 
*** don't necessarily have just one of CVC, CCV, or CVV forms, but maximum is still three
** Fu'ivla
 
*** often use h-clusters to "solve" morphological problems (e.g. ''athomi'' = x1 is an atom)
** Cmavo
 
*** show various "sound law" changes, e.g. Loglan gu = Lojban ku (but much more general "universal" terminator), Loglan no = Lojban na, Loglan noi = Lojban nai, Loglan keks = Lojban geks, Loglan ceks = Lojban jeks.
* Grammar
 
** masses/sets
** abstraction
 
** modals
** tenses
 
** relative clauses
** Imperative
 
*** formed by omitting the x1 argument
** [[jbocre: mekso|mekso]]
 
** attitudinals
** negation
 
** termsets
** Vocatives: hoi instead of doi (as in "[http://www.loglan.org/Texts/vizka-la-spat.html rano, hoi Spat. I prano.]")
 
** ??? what else
* Usage/Style
 
** [[jbocre: sumti raising|sumti raising]]

Revision as of 17:07, 4 November 2013

~np~<xalbo> If you erase from your mind all mention of the term "observative", your understanding of lojban will increase.~/np~