User:Gleki/Particle ⟨le⟩ for anaphora, cataphora, exophora: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 16:05, 18 October 2014

Initially proposed by la gleki:

Proposal:

le broda checks the last sumti starting from x1 of no'a xi ro (in other words from the first sumti of the main predicate of the current sentence), then sequentially checks other sumti of no'a xi ro, then goes back to di'u (previous sentences) and earlier. When a sumti is found such that SUMTI ca'a broda then it automatically refers to that SUMTI, and the check process stops. broda may be wrapped into a sumti or may represent a bare selbri. Context are unspoken words and can contain unspoken broda too, thus context is considered a part of the current discourse.


Examples. broda wrapped into a sumti

la .alis. cu viska lo ninmu .e lo nakla i le fetsi cu melbi

Here le fetsi refers to lo ninmu since it was the last sumti such that lo ninmu ca'a fetsi


la .alis. cu viska lo nakla i le fetsi cu melbi

Here le fetsi refers to la .alis. if the context (other parts of text) shows that la .alis. ca'a fetsi

Examples. broda as a bare selbri

la djan cu cusku zo coi la meris .i le cusku cu gleki

le cusku refers to la djan since the last selbri cusku has been used for describing him.

la djan cu cusku zo coi la meris .i le bacru cu gleki

Would bacru refer to cusku? Clearly, this is an edge case since the most common usage of le would be le fetsi for she and similar.

Example. "The Reality is a text" concept.

When a cat enters a room the Reality "says":

ni'o lo mlatu cu nerkla lo kumfa
New paragraph: a cat entered a room.

Then a Lojbanist can comment on this situation by starting to use le immediately:

le mlatu ca zvati ti
The cat is here.

The Reality can be represented as a text in a special way:

  1. ca, bu'u and fau correspond to no'a xi ro or dei in text form.
  2. pu corresponds to di'u or go'i in text form.

Details

  • This proposal is more in line with the actual past usage of le.
  • It relies purely on discourse which is easy to track and parse.
  • Note that le works not only anaphorically but also cataphorically due to "starting from x1 of no'a xi ro" part of the definition
  • In the current version exophorics is not thought out.

Common usage

  • le fetsi = she
  • le nakni = he
  • le za'umei = they
  • le prenu = ze/'ey
  • le dacti = it

Similar constructs

  • bi'unai deals with already given information but doesn't count sumti back
  • ri does count sumti back but not semantically.
  • di'u doesn't deal with sumti