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| Attitudinals are markers of attitude or [[From Wikibooks: Lojban/Emotions|emotion]], modifying the word (brivla, cmavo, cmene, sumti, or tanru) directly before it. For example, the simple << ''mlatu'' >> for "cat" can become << ''mlatu .ui'' >> for "cat (happiness!/:D)". At the beginning of a sentence (after the place of .i) they modify the entire sentence (bridi), and after the attitudinal beginning bracket << ''fu'e'' >> continues the emotion for all the statement until the closing bracket << ''fu'o'' >>.
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| Attitudinals can also effect [[From Wikibooks: Lojban/Vocatives|vocatives]] the same way a change in vocal tone can greatly effect a simple "hello" - for example, << ''coi .ui'' >> means not a simple "Hello.", but a "Hello! :D". Combined with the attitudinal question-maker ''pei'', you can easily create more complex << ''coi .uipei'' >> may be thought of as "Hello - are you glad to see me?", while << ''co'o .uipei'' >> may be viewed as "Good-bye - are you happy that we part?".
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| Beyond mere emotion, they can mark prepositional ideas such as desire ("I want this to happen"), obligation ("This needs to happen"), and many other complex functions we take for granted - for example, << ''mi citka'' >> means "I eat", while << ''.au mi citka'' >> means "I want to eat", and << ''.e'e mi citka'' >> means "I am able to eat".
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| ==Emotional modifiers:==
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| {|class=wikitable | |
| !Modifier
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| !Modification
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| |-
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| |cai
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| |very strong
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| |-
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| |sai
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| |strong
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| |-
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| |(nothing)
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| |felt
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| |-
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| |ru'e
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| |weak
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| |-
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| |cu'i
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| |not felt
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| |-
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| |nairu'e
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| |weak negative
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| |-
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| |nai
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| |negative felt
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| |-
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| |naisai
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| |strong negative
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| |-
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| |naicai
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| |very strong negative
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| |}
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| ==Attitudinal indicators and suffixes with examples of modifier use:==
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| ===Attitudinals===
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| ====Simple propositional emotions:====
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| {|class=wikitable | |
| !Attitudinal !! attitude !! -cu'i !! -nai
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| |-
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| |.a'a || attentive || inattentive || avoiding
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| |-
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| |.a'e || alertness || || exhaustion
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| |-
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| |.ai || intent || indecision || refusal
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| |-
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| |.a'i || effort || lack of effort || repose
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| |-
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| |.a'o || hope || || despair
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| |-
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| |.au || desire || indifference || reluctance
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| |-
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| |.a'u || interest || no interest || repulsion
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| |}
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| ====Complex propositional emotions:====
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !Attitudinal !! attitude !! -cu'i !! -nai
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| |-
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| |.e'a || permission || || prohibition
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| |-
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| |.e'e || competence || || incompetence
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| |-
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| |.ei || obligation || || freedom
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| |-
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| |.e'i || constraint || independence || resistance to constraint
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| |-
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| |.e'o || request || || negative request
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| |-
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| |.e'u || suggestion || no suggestion || warning
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| |-
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| |.ia || belief || skepticism || disbelief
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| |-
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| |.i'a || acceptance || || blame
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| |-
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| |.ie || agreement || neutrality || disagreement
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| |-
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| |.i'e || approval || non-approval || disapproval
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| |}
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| ====Miscellaneous pure emotions:====
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !Attitudinal
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| !(nothing)
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| !-cu'i
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| !-nai
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| |-
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| |.ii
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| |fear
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| |nervousness
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| |security
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| |-
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| |.i'i
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| |togetherness
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| |privacy
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| |-
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| |.io
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| |respect
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| |lack of respect
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| |disrespect
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| |-
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| |.i'o
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| |appreciation
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| |lack of appreciation
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| |envy
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| |-
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| |.iu
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| |love
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| |lack of love
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| |hatred/fear
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| |-
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| |.i'u
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| |familiarity
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| |mystery
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| |}
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| ====Complex pure emotions:====
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !Attitudinal
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| !(nothing)
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| !-cu'i
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| !-nai
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| |-
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| |.o'a
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| |pride
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| |modesty
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| |shame
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| |-
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| |.o'e
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| |closeness
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| |detachment
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| |distance
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| |-
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| |.oi
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| |complaint/pain
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| |no complaints
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| |pleasure
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| |-
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| |.o'i
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| |caution
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| |boldness
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| |rashness
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| |-
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| |.o'o
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| |patience
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| |mere tolerance
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| |anger
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| |-
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| |.o'u
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| |relaxation
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| |composure
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| |stress
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| |}
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| ====Simple pure emotions:====
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !Attitudinal
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| !(nothing)
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| !-cu'i
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| !-nai
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| |-
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| |.ua
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| |discovery
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| |confusion
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| |-
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| |.u'a
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| |gain
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| |loss
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| |-
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| |.ue
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| |surprise
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| |no surprise
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| |expectation
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| |-
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| |.u'e
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| |wonder
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| |commonplace
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| |-
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| |.ui
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| |happiness
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| |unhappiness
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| |-
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| |.u'i
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| |amusement
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| |weariness
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| |-
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| |.uo
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| |completion
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| |incompleteness
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| |-
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| |.u'o
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| |courage
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| |timidity
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| |cowardice
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| |-
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| |.uu
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| |pity
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| |cruelty
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| |-
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| |.u'u
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| |repentance
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| |lack of regret
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| |innocence
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| |}
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| ===Emotional categories:===
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !Category
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| !(nothing)
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| !-cu'i
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| !-nai
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| |-
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| |ro'a
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| |social
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| |asocial
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| |antisocial
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| |-
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| |ro'e
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| |mental
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| |absentminded
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| |mindless
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| |-
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| |ro'i
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| |emotional
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| |emotionless
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| |denying emotion
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| |-
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| |ro'o
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| |physical
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| |intangible
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| |denying physical
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| |-
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| |ro'u
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| |sexual
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| |asexual
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| |sexual abstinence
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| |-
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| |re'e
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| |spiritual
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| |secular
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| |sacrilegious
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| |}
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| ===Attitudinal modifiers:===
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !Modifier
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| !(nothing)
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| !-cu'i
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| !-nai
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| ![gismu]
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| |-
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| |ga'i
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| |hauteur/rank
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| |equal rank
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| |meekness/lack of rank
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| |[galtu]
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| |-
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| |le'o
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| |aggressive
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| |passive
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| |defensive
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| |-
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| |vu'e
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| |virtue [zabna]
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| |sin [mabla]
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| |[vrude]
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| |-
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| |se'i
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| |self-orientation
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| |other-orientation
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| |[sevzi]
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| |-
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| |ri'e
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| |release
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| |restraint
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| |control
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| |[zifre]
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| |-
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| |fu'i
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| |easily/with help
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| |without help
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| |with difficulty/opposition
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| |[frili]
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| |-
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| |be'u
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| |lack/need
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| |presence/satisfaction
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| |satiation
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| |-
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| |se'a
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| |self-sufficiency
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| |dependency
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| |[sevzi]
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| |}
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| ===Special:===
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !cmavo
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| !(nothing)
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| !-cu'i
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| !-nai
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| |-
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| |pei
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| |attitude question
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| |-
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| |dai
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| |empathy
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| |-
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| |bu'o
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| |start emotion
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| |continue emotion
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| |end emotion
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| |}
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| ===Evidentials:===
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !Evidential
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| !(nothing)
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| !-cu'i
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| !-nai
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| ![gismu]
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| |-
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| |ja'o
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| |I conclude
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| |[jalge]
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| |-
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| |ca'e
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| |I define
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| |-
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| |ba'a
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| |I expect / I anticipate
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| |I experience
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| |I remember
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| |[balvi]
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| |-
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| |su'a
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| |I generalize
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| |I particularize
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| |[sucta]
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| |-
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| |ti'e
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| |I hear (hearsay) - not necessarily literally "hear"
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| |[tirna]
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| |-
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| |ka'u
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| |I know by cultural means
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| |[kulnu]
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| |-
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| |se'o
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| |I know by internal experience
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| |[senva]
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| |-
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| |za'a
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| |I observe
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| |[zgana]
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| |-
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| |pe'i
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| |I opine / It is my opinion that...
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| |[pensi]
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| |-
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| |ru'a
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| |I postulate / I presume
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| |[sruma]
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| |-
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| |ju'a
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| |I state (elliptical discursive)
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| |[jufra]
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| |}
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| ===Consecutive discourse:===
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !cmavo
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| !(nothing)
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| ![gismu]
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| |-
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| |ku'i
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| |however/but/in contrast
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| |[karbi]
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| |-
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| |ji'a
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| |additionally
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| |[jmina]
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| |-
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| |si'a
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| |similarly
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| |[simsa]
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| |-
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| |mi'u
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| |ditto
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| |[mintu]
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| |-
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| |po'o
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| |the only relevant case
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| |}
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| ===Commentary on words:===
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !cmavo
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| !(nothing)
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| !-nai
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| ![gismu]
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| |-
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| |va'i
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| |in other words
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| |in the same words
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| |[valsi]
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| |-
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| |ta'u
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| |expanding a tanru
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| |making a tanru
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| |[tanru]
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| |}
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| ===Commentary on discourse:===
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !cmavo
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| !(nothing)
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| !-cu'i
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| !-nai
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| ![gismu]
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| |-
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| |li'a
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| |clearly/obviously
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| |obscurely
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| |[klina]
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| |-
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| |ba'u
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| |exaggeration
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| |accuracy
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| |understatement
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| |[banli]
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| |-
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| |zo'o
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| |humorously
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| |dully
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| |seriously
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| |-
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| |sa'e
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| |precisely speaking
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| |loosely speaking
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| |[satci]
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| |-
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| |to'u
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| |in brief
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| |in detail
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| |[tordu]
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| |-
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| |do'a
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| |generously
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| |parsimoniously
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| |[dunda]
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| |-
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| |sa'u
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| |simply
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| |elaborating
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| |[sampu]
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| |-
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| |pa'e
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| |justice
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| |prejudice
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| |[pajni]
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| |-
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| |je'u
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| |truly/It is true that,...
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| |falsely
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| |[jetnu]
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| |}
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| ===Knowledge:===
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !cmavo
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| !(nothing)
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| !-cu'i
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| !-nai
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| ![gismu]
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| |-
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| |ju'o
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| |certainly
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| |uncertain
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| |certainly not
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| |[djuno]
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| |-
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| |la'a
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| |probably
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| |improbably
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| |[lakne]
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| |}
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| ===Discourse management:===
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !cmavo
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| !(nothing)
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| !-cu'i
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| !-nai
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| ![gismu]
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| |-
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| |ta'o
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| |by the way
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| |(sometimes: speaking of which,...)
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| |returning to point
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| |[tanjo]
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| |-
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| |ra'u
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| |chiefly
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| |equally
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| |incidentally
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| |[ralju]
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| |-
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| |mu'a
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| |for example
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| |omitting ex.
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| |end examples
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| |[mupli]
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| |-
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| |zu'u
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| |on the one hand
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| |on the other hand
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| |-
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| |ke'u
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| |repeating
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| |continuing
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| |[krefu]
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| |-
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| |da'i
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| |supposing
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| |in fact
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| |}
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| | |
| ===Miscellaneous indicators:===
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| {|class=wikitable
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| !Attitudinal
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| !(nothing)
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| !-nai
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| |-
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| |ki'a
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| |metalinguistic confusion
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| |-
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| |na'i
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| |metalinguistic negator
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| |-
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| |jo'a
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| |metalinguistic affirmer
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| |-
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| |li'o
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| |omitted text (quoted material)
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| |-
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| |sa'a
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| |material inserted by editor/narrator
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| |-
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| |xu
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| |true-false question
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| |-
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| |pau
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| |question premarker
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| |rhetorical question
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| |-
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| |pe'a
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| |figurative language
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| |literal language
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| |-
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| |bi'u
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| |new information
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| |old information
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| |-
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| |ge'e
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| |non-specific indicator
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| |}
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| See also: [[Emotions (Lojban)|Emotions]]
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| ==External links==
| |
| *[http://ptolemy.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/lojbanbrochure/lessons/less1attitude.html Lojban for Beginners Chapter 1 Section 6: Lojban with attitude!]
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| *[http://ptolemy.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/lojbanbrochure/lessons/less13.html#less13attit Lojban for Beginners Chapter 13 Section 1: Lojban with lots more attitude]
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| *[http://ptolemy.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/lojbanbrochure/lessons/less13attmine.html Lojban for Beginners Chapter 13 Section 2: My attitudinals! All mine! (And you?)]
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| *[http://lojban.org/publications/reference_grammar/chapter13.html Lojban Reference Grammar Chapter 13: Oooh! Arrgh! Ugh! Yecch! Attitudinal and Emotional Indicators]
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| *[http://community.livejournal.com/cniglic the Cniglic Livejournal page]
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| [[Category:Lojban]]
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