Morphology proposals: Difference between revisions
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'''In the wild''' | '''In the wild''' | ||
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi pu '''mojyko''' lo du'u lo cabdei cu xavdei}} | {{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi pu '''mojyko''' lo du'u lo cabdei cu xavdei}} | ||
== CV-shaped rafsi == | |||
Proposed by [[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] as part of [[logbanu]], to shorten [[jvajvo|regular compounds]] ending in certain gismu that officially lack one-syllable terminal rafsi. | |||
For example, '''binxo''' would gain '''-bi''' as a rafsi, shortening '''ciknybi'o''' to '''ciknybi'''. [[cmacmarafsi|A list of proposed CV rafsi]]. | |||
This proposal does not necessarily affect the morphology PEG; [[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|unifying brivla]] and [[#Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo|expanding CVCy-lujvo]] would already allow such words. It is rather a proposal to give these words regularly derivable meanings. | |||
== CCy-shaped cmavo == | == CCy-shaped cmavo == |
Latest revision as of 11:26, 26 October 2020
This is a grab bag of changes to the morphology grammar that people have considered over the years. Unless noted otherwise, BPFK's working morphology, as implemented by ilmentufa, is used as a baseline for describing the proposals. See also this discussion from when the BPFK morphology was first being developed.
CyC syllables as alternative or replacement for consonantal syllables
Proposed by la xorxes and others. Rationale: some speakers find syllabic consonants difficult to pronounce or to distinguish from -yC- sequences.
xorxes's original proposal was to allow these syllables only for type 3 fu'ivla hyphens; more recent variants have no such restriction.
Newly grammatical: sincyrboua, sipnybzu
brivla_head = !cmavo !slinkuhi !h &syllable unstressed_syllable* # Change y to y_hyphen in every y-rafsi rule y_hyphen = y &onset stress = (consonant / glide)* h? y? coda? syllable pause consonantal_syllable = onset y coda / consonant &syllabic coda
In the wild
durka (2008) | xu cirla cidjrbyrga |
jukni (2010) | lo juknynba cu mutce kukte |
tsani (2012) | i do co'e ca lo xo'yldei |
selpahi (2014) | pe'i lo saltyrkaisara mi cnino .i ca lo cabdei mi citka lo salta be lo laktuka jo'u lo tamca jo'u lo clazme .i no'e cinri .i ku'i mi na pante |
lablanu (2015) | mi ca gugylsisku .i mi na facki no da |
Amnadya (2015) | .i so'o gernyrkasu cu srana zo ca |
fegmese (2016) | ti'e zmadu so'a drata linyksu lo ka lo pilno be ce'u cu nitcu lo ka kurji ... ri xu |
Removing or simplifying the slinkuhi rules
Proposed by many and made official in TLI Loglan. Rationale is that slinku'i in its current form makes the morphology unnecessarily hard to learn and use in fluent speech. Also often part of calls to do away with assigned rafsi, since slinkuhi exists to favour words made of those.
Killing .oisai'yvla (brivla rafsi merger)
The least radical of the slinku'i proposals. sai'yvla would become a valid word, removing the only instance where a string beginning with a single consonant can be a slinku'i.
Newly grammatical: sai'yvla
No longer grammatical: .oisai'yvla (would parse as two words)
initial_rafsi = !slihykru extended_rafsi / y_rafsi / !any_fuhivla_rafsi y_less_rafsi !any_fuhivla_rafsi any_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla / fuhivla_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi stressed_extended_rafsi = stressed_hy_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi extended_rafsi = hy_rafsi / fuhivla_rafsi stressed_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla_head stressed_syllable consonantal_syllable* onset y fuhivla_rafsi = &unstressed_syllable fuhivla_head onset y h? slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) h y onset hy_rafsi = (long_rafsi unstressed_vowel / CCV_rafsi / CVV_rafsi) h y h?
slinku'i only on word-final or -'y short rafsi
This is what Loglan has implemented, and what Lojbanists usually mean by "getting rid of slinku'i". sporte would become a valid word, but not sli'a, so that CVV and CV'V rafsi behave identically with regards to hyphen requirements. Some also propose that sequences like dja'y- remain as slinku'i so that brivla rafsi like -uidja'y- stay valid.
Newly grammatical: sporte zdanco'o klesnai krinju
No longer grammatical: .esporte .adjunte .asfalte bavlamdei faglitki .islenska lojbangirzu
slinkuhi = consonant CVV_final_rafsi # Plus the changes above and optionally removal of the slihykru rule
In the wild
dbrock (2007) | mi nelci lo lenku djarpitsa |
timonator (2008) | i bazibo lo cridrimpe cu renro lo bolci be lo fagri mi |
latros (2011) | .i ro da poi ke'a cmacrordra zo'u ro de zo'u de me'au da de |
klaku (2012) | ko kibrolinki plokso |
danr (2014) | .i mi ckaklyzu'e mu'i lo nu tatpi ru'e .i ku'i za'u re'u casnu cu'e |
menli (2014) | lo nu da'i la datnymu'e remna cu simsa lo drata brotkaste pe BBC cu se cumki lo nu lo vreji be lo nu la .robin. cu fonxa tavla cu nenri lo brotkaste vau :P |
emna (2015) | no'i xu do jinvi co jbofnu mapti co selcme zo .emna |
gleki (2015) | ie i xu do ba favgau lo frontende |
omni___ (2015) | lo ka sruri na dzistribu .i lo du'u lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule na nibli lo du'u ro lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule |
clakre (2016) | mi na se cmene zo clarke .i ku'i se cmene zo clakre |
uakci (2016) | .i je lo nu tai zukte cu se jalge lo nu do'e lo cmalu skrine cu za'u to zmadu lo na se me'oi br toi mei co linji |
la_aLEKsolas (2017) | ju'opei lo tsaibaklo lo vajraifla cu citka |
No slinku'i at all
Under this option, vla'i would become a word and the lujvo for balvi + lamji would come out as bavyla'i.
Transitional dialects
la ctefa'o and others propose ways for slinku'i-ful and slinku'i-less dialects to share the same lexicon. slinku'i-ful dialects could import what they see as slinku'i by prepending a glottal stop. Relative to the lujvo-zi'evla merger proposal below:
brivla = !cmavo brivla_head brivla_core &post_word post_word = pause / !nucleus !slinkuhi lojban_word
slinku'i-less dialects could keep words that used to depend on slinku'i glue together using an extended CVCy-lujvo rule.
In the wild
Ilmen (2017) | sei ca lo nu viska zo ckt cu pensi be lo. tcuktci bangu |
solpahi (2017) | pu lo nu casnu cu pensi zo temkracabdu'i .i lo nu na birti pu mukti lo nu. pretsku |
Forbidding certain initial clusters
la solpahi proposes to remove all consonant triples as well as ml- and mr- as initial clusters. Rationale is that regular prefixes such as kam- would be less likely to cause tosmabru, and that some existing words (notably of CVCCCVCV shape) would be preserved if slinku'i were to be abolished.
Eight gismu would need to be regenerated: mlana mlatu mleca mledi mluni mraji mrilu mruli.
Some other words no longer grammatical: citmle mlatejami mlongena mlumitu mri'au skripto skrolbake spranto strelka stribilo
onset = h / glide / !(consonant consonant consonant) initial other <- p / t !l / k / f / x / b / d !l / g / v / m !liquid / n !liquid
In the wild
solpahi (2016) | su'a mi na'o nelci lo danlu .i lo maltu jo'a (to .u'i pei toi) cu mupli |
solpahi (2016) | mi nelci lo malna si frikative |
jelca (2017) | .i melbi fa lo tarci maltu |
Forbidding certain clusters altogether
la ctefa'o proposes to forbid clusters md, mt, nb, np, which are prone to assimilation.
27 gismu would need to be regenerated: canpa cenba cimde cinba denpa famti femti finpe janbe jimte kanba kumte lanbi lunbe mamta nanba panpi penbi semto senpi sumti tanbo tinbe tunba vamtu vanbi zenba
Some other words no longer grammatical: bavlamdei cinpa'i donpre kinpau menbi'a prulamdei runbau samda'o vimku'a
In the wild
timthelion_ (2006) | do jinga lo titnamba |
dbrock (2007) | ta'o mi ro roi cusku zo titnamba |
codrus (2009) | .i mi citka lo grute titnamba |
Allowing some new medial clusters
Calls to make mz a valid cluster have always been commonplace. la lalxu also proposes to allow n plus affricate clusters.
m <- comma* [mM] !h !glide !m n <- comma* [nN] !h !glide !n
In the wild
rlpowell (2005) | je'e .i ca lo mergu'e so'a mi'a salci lo bavlamzeldei po'o |
timonator (2008) | mi badri lo nu do na samzva |
menli (2014) | .i ua la .randol.xolmz. noi loglo jatna cu ba'o se micka'a |
selpahi (2015) | lo larkamzi'e cu krali ro larfi'i |
Ilmen (2015) | ni'o mi ca'o tcidu fi tau lo .itku'ile genkasu noi ba'u memzma la pa no no mei |
mungojelly (2015) | ni'o mi mumblenomzvati ca doi ro do |
solpahi (2016) | .oi se'i mi za'u re'u xaksu lo temze'u si ze'u zei temci fau lo nu da'arta'a co palcau |
bongnanba (2016) | .i mu'a sei jijnu ti noi tabypinsi je pavmei jo'u ti noi penbi je pavmei va'o lo nu mi co'a ponse su drata pinsi cu na memze'a |
Adding a new diphthong
This is often part of proposals to add new series of cmavo, so that they can both stay short and fit into the existing initial consonant patterns. la zipcpi has proposed eu, la solpahi ui [uj].
-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)
Proposed by many over the years, especially together with removal of assigned rafsi. Usually implemented by removing any detection of rafsi that isn't related to slinku'i. slinku'i itself only applies at the beginning of a word, not after hyphens.
BRIVLA = brivla brivla = !cmavo !slinkuhi !slihykru !h brivla_head brivla_core &post_word brivla_head = &syllable (unstressed_syllable / medial_syllable)* brivla_core = stressed_syllable medial_syllable* final_syllable medial_syllable = &(onset !vowel !diphthong) any_syllable slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) (h / initial_pair) y onset rafsi_string = y_less_rafsi* (gismu / CVV_final_rafsi / stressed_y_less_rafsi short_final_rafsi / y_rafsi / stressed_y_rafsi / hy_rafsi / stressed_hy_rafsi))
For a slinku'i-less variant, change rafsi_string to the one shown here and remove initial_pair from slihykru.
In the wild
kamsen (2007) | lo tavlrgedyflai be le lojbo cecmu |
timonator (2008) | i ki'u bo la anar dasni lo nukni se dasni be lo prenrpairyto |
tsani (2012) | i ji'asa'e mibykemymo'ydji |
zahlman (2012) | u'i pe'i lonu nanbrdonyto bevri cu no'e nu jarco loka tsali |
gleki (2014) | lo'e banfyracolotli cu nelci lo ka citka lo me'oi fpcalep vau sei mi pu reisku |
mukti (2014) | na nitcu lo cnino bauplyfuzykamni .i na manku .i lo jbopre cu lazni lo ka viska |
akmnlrse (2015) | .i mo .i la'a ca sipnybi gi'e ba ke fau gi ciknybi gi di'a gunrizu |
selpahi (2015) | .i .au pei mi merdjygau |
durka42 (2015) | plisyta'oi je tcati |
Ilmen (2016) | mi pu zu pensi lo nu zo sfataba da'i valsi lo si'o za'e xorsyflai |
solpahi (2017) | pe'i lo nu zi'evlygau tai tu'a di'u cu ji'i no roi xagzenri'a |
Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo
Proposed by la solpahi and others. One of two ways to remove this last bit of privilege given to traditional lujvo after unifying brivla and removing the slinku'i rule.
This would turn streams of sound currently parsed as multiple words -- any sequence of the form [cmavo not ending in y] [one or more cmavo ending in y] [non-cmevla word] -- into single brivla. Notably, .a'y-style letterals would very often require glottal stops after them.
CVCy_lujvo = onset nucleus medial_syllable+ (brivla / final_syllable)
In the wild
solpahi (2016) | mi pu mojyko lo du'u lo cabdei cu xavdei |
CV-shaped rafsi
Proposed by la solpahi as part of logbanu, to shorten regular compounds ending in certain gismu that officially lack one-syllable terminal rafsi.
For example, binxo would gain -bi as a rafsi, shortening ciknybi'o to ciknybi. A list of proposed CV rafsi.
This proposal does not necessarily affect the morphology PEG; unifying brivla and expanding CVCy-lujvo would already allow such words. It is rather a proposal to give these words regularly derivable meanings.
CCy-shaped cmavo
Proposed by la mudri as a way to expand letteral space.
ziren (2009) | doi djy. mi pu kibro ciska lo ve ciksi fe be la tenuar. pe mi |
Restricting cmevla to valid syllables
Proposed by la xorxes and others, as the simplest way of reducing the amount of cmevla that the parser accepts but speakers find ungrammatical.
cmevla = jbocme
In the wild
tsani (2015) | .i xebni mu'i ra'u lo nu iy. jai nandu fai lo ka ce se pilno ci'e la .linukys. |
solpahi (2016) | .i do'a nai mi sinma la .kymir. ki'u lo nu ri troci lo ka tcidu |
Allowing glides after consonants in cmevla (partial revert of BPFK decision)
Proposed by la .ilmen. and others, as sort of a counterpoint to the above proposal.
Ilmen (2016) | ua la idiot.bot. co'a zifre |
lynn (2016) | .ua mi tirna fi tu'a la .teilr.suift. fe tu'a la'o xy. file_94.oga .xy. |
ilmen (2016) | .i xu zo .period. cmene fe ji'a lo namcu mocle'u lo glibau baupli |
Allowing glides after consonants, but not within initial clusters (partial revert of BPFK decision)
Proposed by la tsani and others.
CGV syllables as alternative or replacement for CV'V cmavo and rafsi (La Alta)
Proposed by la gleki and la .aleksolas.
Treatment of VGV sequences similarly to V'V (as in CLL)
Proposed by la gleki.