Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox: Difference between revisions

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Pro-sumti are words that describe other sumti without specifically mentioning them- kind of like "he" or "this" in English.  Unlike English, Lojban has sumti with only one possible interpretation ("he" does not: There are Bill and Charlie.  He hit him. ''(Who hit whom?)''').
--[[
History of changes since last sync: 2014-03-30
2014-03-30: normalize lccn identifiers;
2014-04-04: firstn/lastn mismatch;
2014-05-05: arXiv validation; No spaces in CitationClass values;
2014-05-11: limit reducetoinitials() to two initials for Vancouver system;


== Vocabulary ==
]]


ri                  the last sumti, as determined by back-counting rules
local z = {
              ''la suzyn. bajra .i ri klama la xustyn.''
    error_categories = {};
                              Susan runs.  She (Susan) is going to Houston''
    error_ids = {};
              ''la suzyn. rinsa la bret. .i ri melnau''
    message_tail = {};
                              Susan greets Bret.  He (Bret) is handsome (literally "beauty-type-man") 
}
ra                  a recent sumti before the last one, as determined by back-counting rules
              Usually is used as "Susan" in: ''la suzyn. rinsa la bret. .i ri melnau ra''
                              Susan greets Bret.  He (Bret) is handsome to her (Susan).
              However, it is not required to be used in the just previous example
                              (it could refer to a sumti even before Susan)
ru            a remote past sumti, before all other in-use backcounting sumti
              Used as "''ra''" is to "''ri''"
goi                  assigns the just following pro-sumti to the just previous sumti/tanru
              assigns a pro-sumti of selma'o KOhA4 (such as: ''ko'a'', ''ko'e'', ''fo'a'', ''fo'e'', etc.)
ge'u          terminates [goi] pro-sumti assigning action (almost always elidable)
da'o                cancels all pro-sumti assignment
da                  someone/something (unspecified but important) 1
              there exists something 1 (usually restricted)
de                  someone/something (unspecified but important) 2
              there exists something 2 (usually restricted)
di                  someone/something (unspecified but important) 3
              there exists something 3 (usually restricted)
do'i                elliptical/unspecified utterance variable
do                  you/that to which/whom is receiving the information
do'o                you and others/y'all/you guys
ko                  imperative you (''Run!'' = ''ko bajra'')
ko'a                he/she/it/they #01 (specified by goi), gender neutral
ko'e                he/she/it/they #02 (specified by goi), gender neutral
ko'i                he/she/it/they #03 (specified by goi), gender neutral
ko'o                he/she/it/they #04 (specified by goi), gender neutral
ko'u                he/she/it/they #05 (specified by goi), gender neutral
fo'a                he/she/it/they #06 (specified by goi), gender neutral
fo'e                he/she/it/they #07 (specified by goi), gender neutral
fo'i                he/she/it/they #08 (specified by goi), gender neutral
fo'o                he/she/it/they #09 (specified by goi), gender neutral
fo'u                he/she/it/they #10 (specified by goi), gender neutral
le go'i              the x1 of just previous bridi
le se go'i          the x2 of just previous bridi
le te go'i          the x3 of just previous bridi
le ve go'i          the x4 of just previous bridi
le xe go'i          the x5 of just previous bridi
ma                  question sumti; what is the value of this sumti slot?
              note: It does not have to literally be a number (''ma klama'' = ''who/what is going?'')
mi                  self-identifying pro-sumti; I
              may also be used to describe that which the user is representing
              or for whom, the dictating person/group, one is writing: ("''We'' the People")
ma'a                we; I, others, and you (includes you and others)
mi'a                we; I and others, but not you (does not include you)
mi'o                we; I and you, but no one else (does not include others)
ti                  this; immediate demonstrative
ta                  that; nearby demonstrative
tu                  that over there; distant
vo'a                repeats 1st place of main bridi of this sentence
vo'e                repeats 2nd place of main bridi of this sentence
vo'i                repeats 3rd place of main bridi of this sentence
vo'o                repeats 4th place of main bridi of this sentence
vo'u                repeats 5th place of main bridi of this sentence
zi'o                fills a sumti place, deleting it from selbri place structure
              changes selbri semantics
              nonexistant "it"
zo'e                an elliptical/unspecified value; has some value which makes bridi true
              used to say "something unspecified and unimportant"
              equivalent to "''co'e''", but for sumti (instead of selbri)
zu'i                the typical sumti value for this place in this relationship
              affects truth value
              typical "it"


== Additional Notes and/or Examples ==
-- Whether variable is set or not
function is_set( var )
    return not (var == nil or var == '');
end


*After any occurrence of a cmavo belonging to selma'o KOhA4 (''ko'a'', ''fo'a'', etc.) "''cu''" is not necessary, unless if the utternace is complex.
-- First set variable or nil if none
*The "counting-back rule" used for "''ri''", "''ra''", "''ru''" does not include selma'o KOhA4.
function first_set(...)
**"la suzyn. goi ko'a zgani lo nanmu .i ko'a se melbi ri" = Susan sees that which is really a man (the man).  He (the man/lo nanmu) is beautiful to Susan.
    local list = {...};
*"''ra''" can be used in place of "''ri''" (meaning that they both can refer to the immediately preceding predicate argument), unless if "''ri''" is already in use for the intended anaphora:
    for _, var in pairs(list) do
**[lo smuci .i lo forca .i la djen. pu pilno ri .i la rik. pilno ra] = There exist at least of spoon. There exist at least on fork. Jen used (the-immediately-preceding-sumti = '''a fork''').  Rick uses (somewhat-distant-sumti = '''a spoon''').
        if is_set( var ) then
***If "''ri''" did not occur, but was replaced by "''ra''" - [lo smuci .i lo forca .i la djen. pu pilno <i><u>'''ra'''</u></i>] - "''ra''" could refer to "a fork".
            return var;
**This rule also applies to "''ra''" and "''ru''", respectively, as well.
        end
*[''goi''] need not always assign a pro-sumti from the KOhA4 series
    end
**[lo tricu goi .ytoi (cu) melbi mi .i .ytoi banro] = The tree is good-looking to me.  The tree is growing.
end
***In the immediately previous example, any occurrence of [''.ytoi''] refers to [''lo tricu''] specifically, not any [[''tricu''], nor anything else.
**[ko'e goi la samantas. (ge'u) (cu) melbi] = Party<sub>2</sub>, henceforth known as "Samantha", is beautiful.
***The immediately previous utterance is equivalent to [la samantas. goi ko'e (ge'u) (cu) melbi] (which is, in English "Samantha, henceforth known as "Party<sub>2</sub> is beautiful"), therefore [goi] is symmetric.
***This sentence does not imply that the name of [ko'e] is "Samantha", nor is [ko'e] normally called "Samantha".  It merely states that "Samantha" is a term, almost chosen at random, that will be used to identify [ko'e] for that writing.
*[ge'u] differs from [da'o]: [ge'u] just terminates the action of assignment; while [da'o] terminates the pro-sumti meaning what it previously meant.
***[la nevil. goi ko'i ge'u (cu) dunku le du'u rirni jai fenki] = Neville, henceforth known as "[ko'i]", is anguished by the notion of his parent's being crazy
::::Not: Neville, henceforth known as "[ko'i (cu) dunku le du'u rirni jai fenki]"
***[la nevil. da'o cu virnu] = Neville, no longer dubbed "[ko'i]", is brave
*The precise definition of [le go'i], and (by extension) any of its relatives, is "that which is described as doing the previous bridi".
**[le xekri mlatu cu klama le zarci .i le go'i cu cadzu le bisli] = The black cat goes to the store.  The cat (that is black and goes to the store) walks on the ice.


=== Pro-sumti as Rafsi ===
-- Whether needle is in haystack
function inArray( needle, haystack )
    if needle == nil then
        return false;
    end
    for n,v in ipairs( haystack ) do
        if v == needle then
            return n;
        end
    end
    return false;
end


*The most prominent way of using pro-sumti as rafsi is to use them is as internal sumti, filling in an appropriate place of the gismu or lujvo to which they are attached
--[[
**as such, they usually stand as the first rafsi in their lujvo.
Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters. Because deprecated parameters (currently |day=, |month=,
**[donta'a] <small>([do] = you; [tavla] = talk)</small> = [tavla be do]
|coauthor=, and |coauthors=) aren't related to each other and because these parameters may be concatenated into the variables used by |date= and |author#= (and aliases)
***x1=tavla1 talks to you about subject x2=tavla3 in language x3=tavla4
details of which parameter caused the error message are not provided.  Only one error message is emitted regarless of the number of deprecated parameters in the citation.
****since tavla2 (the addressee) is already known to be [do] (you).
]]
**[donma'o] <small>([do] = you; [cmavo] = structure word)</small> = [cmavo be zo do]
function deprecated_parameter()
***x1=cmavo1 is a second person pronoun in language x2=cmavo4
if true ~= Page_in_deprecated_cat then -- if we haven't been here before then set a  
****Since both the cmavo2 place (the grammatical class) and the cmavo3 place (the meaning) are obvious from the context [do].
Page_in_deprecated_cat=true; -- sticky flag so that if there are more than one deprecated parameter the category is added only once
*cmavo of series KOhA4 ([ko'a], [ko'e], [ko'i]...) terjvo (predicate arguments that make up a lujvo) which can't be expressed in a convenient rafsi form, because they are too long to express, or are formally inconvenient (fu'ivla, cmene, and so forth.)
-- table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'deprecated_params', {error_message}, true ) } ); -- add error message
**[fo'a goi le kulnrsu,omi .i lo fo'arselsanga] = x6 stands for Finnish-culture.  An x6-song
table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'deprecated_params', {}, true ) } ); -- add error message
*Lujvo involving [zi'o] are also possible. In brief, the convention is to use the rafsi for [zi'o] as a prefix immediately followed by the rafsi for the number of the place to be deleted.  
end
**Consider a beverage (something drunk without considering who, if anyone, drinks it) as a [se pinxe be zi'o] the lujvo corresponding to this is [zilrelselpinxe] (deleting the second place of [se pinxe]). Deleting the x1 place in this fashion would move all remaining places up by one.
end
***[zilpavypinxe] = [zilrelselpinxe]
***[lo zilpavypinxe] = [lo zilrelselpinxe] refers to a beverage, and not to a non-existent drinker.
*The pro-bridi [co'e'], [du], and [bu'a] also have rafsi, which can be used just as if they were gismu.
**The resulting lujvo have (except for [du]-based lujvo) highly context-dependent meanings.


{{BookCat}}
-- Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table.
function substitute( msg, args )
-- return args and tostring( mw.message.newRawMessage( msg, args ) ) or msg;
return args and mw.message.newRawMessage( msg, args ):plain() or msg;
end
 
--[[
Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the Module and a leading or trailing quote mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value.
This function will positive kern  either single or double quotes:
"'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'"
" 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' " (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example)
]]
function kern_quotes (str)
local left='<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">%1</span>'; -- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark
local right='<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">%1</span>'; -- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark
if  str:match ("^[\"\'][^\']") then
str = string.gsub( str, "^[\"\']", left, 1 ); -- replace (captured) leading single or double quote with left-side <span>
end
if str:match ("[^\'][\"\']$") then
str = string.gsub( str, "[\"\']$", right, 1 ); -- replace (captured) trailing single or double quote with right-side <span>
end
return str;
end
 
-- Wraps a string using a message_list configuration taking one argument
function wrap( key, str, lower )
    if not is_set( str ) then
        return "";
    elseif inArray( key, { 'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title' } ) then
        str = safeforitalics( str );
    end
    if lower == true then
        return substitute( cfg.messages[key]:lower(), {str} );
    else
        return substitute( cfg.messages[key], {str} );
    end       
end
 
--[[
Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument
mapping defined in the configuration file so that multiple names
can be transparently aliased to single internal variable.
]]
function argument_wrapper( args )
    local origin = {};
   
    return setmetatable({
        ORIGIN = function( self, k )
            local dummy = self[k]; --force the variable to be loaded.
            return origin[k];
        end
    },
    {
        __index = function ( tbl, k )
            if origin[k] ~= nil then
                return nil;
            end
           
            local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k];
           
            if type( list ) == 'table' then
                v, origin[k] = selectone( args, list, 'redundant_parameters' );
                if origin[k] == nil then
                    origin[k] = ''; -- Empty string, not nil
                end
            elseif list ~= nil then
                v, origin[k] = args[list], list;
            else
                -- maybe let through instead of raising an error?
                -- v, origin[k] = args[k], k;
                error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] );
            end
           
            -- Empty strings, not nil;
            if v == nil then
                v = cfg.defaults[k] or '';
                origin[k] = '';
            end
           
            tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v );
            return v;
        end,
    });
end
 
--[[
Looks for a parameter's name in the whitelist.
 
Parameters in the whitelist can have three values:
true - active, supported parameters
false - deprecated, supported parameters
nil - unsupported parameters
]]
function validate( name )
local name = tostring( name );
local state = whitelist.basic_arguments[ name ];
-- Normal arguments
if true == state then return true; end -- valid actively supported parameter
if false == state then
deprecated_parameter (); -- parameter is deprecated but still supported
return true;
end
-- Arguments with numbers in them
name = name:gsub( "%d+", "#" ); -- replace digit(s) with # (last25 becomes last#
state = whitelist.numbered_arguments[ name ];
if true == state then return true; end -- valid actively supported parameter
if false == state then
deprecated_parameter (); -- parameter is deprecated but still supported
return true;
end
return false; -- Not supported because not found or name is set to nil
end
 
-- Formats a comment for error trapping
function errorcomment( content, hidden )
    return wrap( hidden and 'hidden-error' or 'visible-error', content );
end
 
--[[
Sets an error condition and returns the appropriate error message.  The actual placement
of the error message in the output is the responsibility of the calling function.
]]
function seterror( error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix )
    local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[ error_id ];
   
    prefix = prefix or "";
    suffix = suffix or "";
   
    if error_state == nil then
        error( cfg.messages['undefined_error'] );
    elseif is_set( error_state.category ) then
        table.insert( z.error_categories, error_state.category );
    end
   
    local message = substitute( error_state.message, arguments );
   
    message = message .. " ([[" .. cfg.messages['help page link'] ..
        "#" .. error_state.anchor .. "|" ..
        cfg.messages['help page label'] .. "]])";
   
    z.error_ids[ error_id ] = true;
    if inArray( error_id, { 'bare_url_missing_title', 'trans_missing_title' } )
            and z.error_ids['citation_missing_title'] then
        return '', false;
    end
   
    message = table.concat({ prefix, message, suffix });
   
    if raw == true then
        return message, error_state.hidden;
    end       
       
    return errorcomment( message, error_state.hidden );
end
 
-- Formats a wiki style external link
function externallinkid(options)
    local url_string = options.id;
    if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then
        url_string = mw.uri.encode( url_string );
    end
    return mw.ustring.format( '[[%s|%s]]%s[%s%s%s %s]',
        options.link, options.label, options.separator or "&nbsp;",
        options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix or "",
        mw.text.nowiki(options.id)
    );
end
 
-- Formats a wiki style internal link
function internallinkid(options)
    return mw.ustring.format( '[[%s|%s]]%s[[%s%s%s|%s]]',
        options.link, options.label, options.separator or "&nbsp;",
        options.prefix, options.id, options.suffix or "",
        mw.text.nowiki(options.id)
    );
end
 
-- Format an external link with error checking
function externallink( URL, label, source )
    local error_str = "";
    if not is_set( label ) then
        label = URL;
        if is_set( source ) then
            error_str = seterror( 'bare_url_missing_title', { wrap( 'parameter', source ) }, false, " " );
        else
            error( cfg.messages["bare_url_no_origin"] );
        end           
    end
    if not checkurl( URL ) then
        error_str = seterror( 'bad_url', {}, false, " " ) .. error_str;
    end
    return table.concat({ "[", URL, " ", safeforurl( label ), "]", error_str });
end
 
-- Formats a link to Amazon
function amazon(id, domain)
    if not is_set(domain) then
        domain = "com"
    elseif ( "jp" == domain or "uk" == domain ) then
        domain = "co." .. domain
    end
    local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ASIN'];
    return externallinkid({link = handler.link,
        label=handler.label , prefix="//www.amazon."..domain.."/dp/",id=id,
        encode=handler.encode, separator = handler.separator})
end
 
--[[
format and error check arXiv identifier.  There are two valid forms of the identifier:
the first form, valid only between date codes 9108 and 0703 is:
arXiv:<archive>.<class>/<date code><number>
where:
<archive> is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation
<class> is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation
<date code> is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01
first digit of YY for this form can only 9 and 0
<number> is a three-digit number
the second form, valid from April 2007 is:
arXiv:<date code>.<number><version>
where:
<date code> is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01
<number> is a four-digit number
<version> is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces
]]
 
function arxiv (id)
local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ARXIV'];
local year, month, version;
local err_cat = ""
year, month = id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/([90]%d)([01]%d)%d%d%d$"); -- test for the 9108-0703 format
if not year then -- arXiv id is not proper 9108-0703 form
year, month, version = id:match("^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d([v%d]*)$"); -- test for the 0704- format
if not year then
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_arxiv' ); -- arXiv id doesn't match either format
else -- id is the 0704- format
year = tonumber(year);
month = tonumber(month);
if ((7 > year) or (1 > month and 12 < month)) or -- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years)
((7 == year) and (4 > month)) or -- when year is 07, is month invalid (before April)?
is_set (version) and nil == version:match("v%d+") then -- is version proper format of single 'v' followed by digits?
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_arxiv' ); -- set error message
end
end
else -- id is the 9108-0703 format; are the date values ok
year = tonumber(year);
month = tonumber(month);
if ((91 > year and 7 < year) or (1 > month and 12 < month)) or -- if invalid year or invalid month
((91 == year and 8 > month) or (7 == year and 3 < month)) then -- if years ok, are starting and ending months ok?
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_arxiv' ); -- set error message
end
end
 
return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,
prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat;
end
 
--[[
lccn normalization (http://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html#normalization)
1. Remove all blanks.
2. If there is a forward slash (/) in the string, remove it, and remove all characters to the right of the forward slash.
3. If there is a hyphen in the string:
a. Remove it.
b. Inspect the substring following (to the right of) the (removed) hyphen. Then (and assuming that steps 1 and 2 have been carried out):
1. All these characters should be digits, and there should be six or less. (not done in this function)
2. If the length of the substring is less than 6, left-fill the substring with zeros until the length is six.
 
Returns a normalized lccn for lccn() to validate.  There is no error checking (step 3.b.1) performed in this function.
]]
 
function normalize_lccn (lccn)
lccn = lccn:gsub ("%s", ""); -- 1. strip whitespace
 
if nil ~= string.find (lccn,'/') then
lccn = lccn:match ("(.-)/"); -- 2. remove forward slash and all character to the right of it
end
 
local prefix
local suffix
prefix, suffix = lccn:match ("(.+)%-(.+)"); -- 3.a remove hyphen by splitting the string into prefix and suffix
 
if nil ~= suffix then -- if there was a hyphen
suffix=string.rep("0", 6-string.len (suffix)) .. suffix; -- 3.b.2 left fill the suffix with 0s if suffix length less than 6
lccn=prefix..suffix; -- reassemble the lccn
end
return lccn;
end
 
--[[
Format LCCN link and do simple error checking.  LCCN is a character string 8-12 characters long. The length of the LCCN dictates the character type of the first 1-3 characters; the
rightmost eight are always digits. http://info-uri.info/registry/OAIHandler?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=reg&identifier=info:lccn/
 
length = 8 then all digits
length = 9 then lccn[1] is alpha
length = 10 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both alpha or both digits
length = 11 then lccn[1] is alpha, lccn[2] and lccn[3] are both alpha or both digits
length = 12 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both alpha
 
]]
function lccn(lccn)
local handler = cfg.id_handlers['LCCN'];
local err_cat =  ''; -- presume that LCCN is valid
local id = lccn; -- local copy of the lccn
 
id = normalize_lccn (id); -- get canonical form (no whitespace, hyphens, forward slashes)
local len = id:len(); -- get the length of the lccn
 
if 8 == len then
if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits)
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- set an error message
end
elseif 9 == len then -- LCCN should be adddddddd
if nil == id:match("%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- does it match our pattern?
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- set an error message
end
elseif 10 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddd or dddddddddd
if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) ...
if nil == id:match("^%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- ... see if it matches our pattern
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- no match, set an error message
end
end
elseif 11 == len then -- LCCN should be aaadddddddd or adddddddddd
if not (id:match("^%a%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") or id:match("^%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d")) then -- see if it matches one of our patterns
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- no match, set an error message
end
elseif 12 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddddd
if not id:match("^%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- see if it matches our pattern
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- no match, set an error message
end
else
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- wrong length, set an error message
end
 
if not is_set (err_cat) and nil ~= lccn:find ('%s') then
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- lccn contains a space, set an error message
end
 
return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,
prefix=handler.prefix,id=lccn,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat;
end
 
--[[
Format PMID and do simple error checking.  PMIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This code checks the PMID to see that it
contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMIDs are issued.
]]
function pmid(id)
local test_limit = 30000000; -- update this value as PMIDs approach
local handler = cfg.id_handlers['PMID'];
local err_cat =  ''; -- presume that PMID is valid
if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if PMID has anything but digits
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmid' ); -- set an error message
else -- PMID is only digits
local id_num = tonumber(id); -- convert id to a number for range testing
if 1 > id_num or test_limit < id_num then -- if PMID is outside test limit boundaries
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmid' ); -- set an error message
end
end
return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,
prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat;
end
 
--[[
Determines if a PMC identifier's online version is embargoed. Compares the date in |embargo= against today's date.  If embargo date is
in the future, returns true; otherwse, returns false because the embargo has expired or |embargo= not set in this cite.
]]
function is_embargoed(embargo)
if is_set(embargo) then
local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();
local good1, embargo_date, good2, todays_date;
good1, embargo_date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', embargo );
good2, todays_date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'U' );
if good1 and good2 and tonumber( embargo_date ) >= tonumber( todays_date ) then --is embargo date is in the future?
return true; -- still embargoed
end
end
return false; -- embargo expired or |embargo= not set
end
 
--[[
Format a PMC, do simple error checking, and check for embargoed articles.
 
The embargo parameter takes a date for a value. If the embargo date is in the future
the PMC identifier will not be linked to the article.  If the embargo specifies a date in the past, or if it is empty or omitted, then
the PMC identifier is linked to the article through the link at cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix.
 
PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This code checks the PMC to see that it contains only digits and is less
than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMCs are issued.
]]
function pmc(id, embargo)
local test_limit = 5000000; -- update this value as PMCs approach
local handler = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'];
local err_cat =  ''; -- presume that PMC is valid
   
local text;
 
if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if PMC has anything but digits
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmc' ); -- set an error message
else -- PMC is only digits
local id_num = tonumber(id); -- convert id to a number for range testing
if 1 > id_num or test_limit < id_num then -- if PMC is outside test limit boundaries
err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmc' ); -- set an error message
end
end
if is_embargoed(embargo) then
text="[[" .. handler.link .. "|" .. handler.label .. "]]:" .. handler.separator .. id .. err_cat; --still embargoed so no external link
else
text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, --no embargo date, ok to link to article
prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat;
end
return text;
end
 
-- Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors.
 
-- DOI names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash.
--  Prefix: directory indicator '10.' followed by a registrant code
--  Suffix: character string of any length chosen by the registrant
 
-- This function checks a DOI name for: prefix/suffix.  If the doi name contains spaces or endashes,
-- or, if it ends with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_doi error message.
 
-- DOI names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for spaces, endash,
-- and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely if ever used in doi names.
 
function doi(id, inactive)
    local cat = ""
    local handler = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'];
   
    local text;
if is_set(inactive) then
local inactive_year = inactive:match("%d%d%d%d") or ''; -- try to get the year portion from the inactive date
text = "[[" .. handler.link .. "|" .. handler.label .. "]]:" .. id;
if is_set(inactive_year) then
table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with DOIs inactive since " .. inactive_year );
else
table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with inactive DOIs" ); -- when inactive doesn't contain a recognizable year
end
inactive = " (" .. cfg.messages['inactive'] .. " " .. inactive .. ")"
else
text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,
prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode})
inactive = ""
end
 
if nil == id:match("^10%.[^%s–]-/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$") then -- doi must begin with '10.', must contain a fwd slash, must not contain spaces or endashes, and must not end with period or comma
cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_doi' );
end
return text .. inactive .. cat
end
 
-- Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors.
function openlibrary(id)
    local code = id:sub(-1,-1)
    local handler = cfg.id_handlers['OL'];
    if ( code == "A" ) then
        return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
            prefix="http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator,
            encode = handler.encode})
    elseif ( code == "M" ) then
        return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
            prefix="http://openlibrary.org/books/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator,
            encode = handler.encode})
    elseif ( code == "W" ) then
        return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
            prefix= "http://openlibrary.org/works/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator,
            encode = handler.encode})
    else
        return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
            prefix= "http://openlibrary.org/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator,
            encode = handler.encode}) ..
            ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_ol' );
    end
end
 
--[[
Validate and format an issn.  This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but has separated the two groups of four
digits with a space.  When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked like this:
 
|issn=0819 4327 gives: [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0819 4327 0819 4327]  -- can't have spaces in an external link
This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the issn midpoint.  It also validates the issn for length and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees
with the calculated value.  Incorrect length (8 digits), characters other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check issn
error message.  The issn is always displayed with a hyphen, even if the issn was given as a single group of 8 digits.
]]
function issn(id)
local issn_copy = id; -- save a copy of unadulterated issn; use this version for display if issn does not validate
local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ISSN'];
local text;
local valid_issn = true;
 
id=id:gsub( "[%s-–]", "" ); -- strip spaces, hyphens, and ndashes from the issn
 
if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match( "^%d*X?$" ) then -- validate the issn: 8 digits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position
valid_issn=false; -- wrong length or improper character
else
valid_issn=is_valid_isxn(id, 8); -- validate issn
end
 
if true == valid_issn then
id = string.sub( id, 1, 4 ) .. "-" .. string.sub( id, 5 ); -- if valid, display correctly formatted version
else
id = issn_copy; -- if not valid, use the show the invalid issn with error message
end
text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label,
prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode})
if false == valid_issn then
text = text .. ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_issn' ) -- add an error message if the issn is invalid
end
return text
end
 
--[[
This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including |type=<default value>) for those citations that have defaults.
Also handles the special case where it is desireable to omit the title type from the rendered citation (|type=none).
]]
function set_titletype(cite_class, title_type)
if is_set(title_type) then
if "none" == title_type then
title_type = ""; -- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed
end
return title_type; -- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value
end
 
if "AV-media-notes" == cite_class or "DVD-notes" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite AV media notes or cite DVD notes
return "Media notes"; -- display AV media notes / DVD media notes annotation
 
elseif "podcast" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite podcast
return "Podcast"; -- display podcast annotation
 
elseif "pressrelease" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite press release
return "Press release"; -- display press release annotation
 
elseif "techreport" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite techreport
return "Technical report"; -- display techreport annotation
elseif "thesis" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite thesis (degree option handled after this function returns)
return "Thesis"; -- display simple thesis annotation (without |degree= modification)
end
end
 
--[[
Determines whether a URL string is valid
 
At present the only check is whether the string appears to
be prefixed with a URI scheme.  It is not determined whether
the URI scheme is valid or whether the URL is otherwise well
formed.
]]
function checkurl( url_str )
    -- Protocol-relative or URL scheme
    return url_str:sub(1,2) == "//" or url_str:match( "^[^/]*:" ) ~= nil;
end
 
-- Removes irrelevant text and dashes from ISBN number
-- Similar to that used for Special:BookSources
function cleanisbn( isbn_str )
    return isbn_str:gsub( "[^-0-9X]", "" );
end
 
-- Extract page numbers from external wikilinks in any of the |page=, |pages=, or |at= parameters for use in COinS.
--TODO: Fix so this code supports urls like this:
-- http://www.history.navy.mil/download/va125153.pdf#page=13 %w/:\.
function get_coins_pages (pages)
if not is_set (pages) then return pages; end -- if no page numbers then we're done
    while true do
pattern = pages:match("%[(%w*:?//[^ ]+%s+)[%w%d].*%]"); -- pattern is the opening bracket, the url and following space(s): "[url "
if nil == pattern then break; end -- no more urls
pages = pages:gsub(pattern, ""); -- remove as many instances of pattern as possible
end
pages = pages:gsub("[%[%]]", ""); -- remove the brackets
pages = pages:gsub("–", "-" ); -- replace endashes with hyphens
pages = pages:gsub("&%w+;", "-" ); -- and replace html entities (&ndash; etc) with hyphens; do we need to replace numerical entities like &#32; and the like?
return pages;
end
 
--[[
ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all isbn/issn digits including the check digit. ISBN-13 is checked in checkisbn().
If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, issbn/issn must be checked for length and stripped of dashes,
spaces and other non-isxn characters.
]]
function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len)
local temp = 0;
isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) }; -- make a table of bytes
len = len+1; -- adjust to be a loop counter
for i, v in ipairs( isxn_str ) do -- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum
if v == string.byte( "X" ) then -- if checkdigit is X
temp = temp + 10*( len - i ); -- it represents 10 decimal
else
temp = temp + tonumber( string.char(v) )*(len-i);
end
end
return temp % 11 == 0; -- returns true if calculation result is zero
end
 
-- Determines whether an ISBN string is valid
function checkisbn( isbn_str )
if nil ~= isbn_str:match("[^%s-0-9X]") then return false; end -- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X
isbn_str = isbn_str:gsub( "-", "" ):gsub( " ", "" ); -- remove hyphens and spaces
local len = isbn_str:len();
if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then
return false;
end
 
if len == 10 then
if isbn_str:match( "^%d*X?$" ) == nil then return false; end
return is_valid_isxn(isbn_str, 10);
else
local temp = 0;
if isbn_str:match( "^97[89]%d*$" ) == nil then return false; end -- isbn13 begins with 978 or 979
isbn_str = { isbn_str:byte(1, len) };
for i, v in ipairs( isbn_str ) do
temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber( string.char(v) );
end
return temp % 10 == 0;
end
end
 
-- Gets the display text for a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B
function removewikilink( str )
    return (str:gsub( "%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]", function(l)
        return l:gsub( "^[^|]*|(.*)$", "%1" ):gsub("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1");
    end));
end
 
-- Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions
function safeforurl( str )
    if str:match( "%[%[.-%]%]" ) ~= nil then
        table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'wikilink_in_url', {}, true ) } );
    end
   
    return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {   
        ['['] = '&#91;',
        [']'] = '&#93;',
        ['\n'] = ' ' } );
end
 
-- Converts a hyphen to a dash
function hyphentodash( str )
    if not is_set(str) or str:match( "[%[%]{}<>]" ) ~= nil then
        return str;
    end   
    return str:gsub( '-', '–' );
end
 
-- Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... ''
function safeforitalics( str )
    --[[ Note: We can not use <i> for italics, as the expected behavior for
    italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that they will be inverted
    (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references.  In addition, <i> and ''
    tend to interact poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy. ]]
   
    if not is_set(str) then
        return str;
    else
        if str:sub(1,1) == "'" then str = "<span />" .. str; end
        if str:sub(-1,-1) == "'" then str = str .. "<span />"; end
       
        -- Remove newlines as they break italics.
        return str:gsub( '\n', ' ' );
    end
end
 
--[[
Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.
 
TODO: safejoin() has a flaw where it won't remove the duplicate character from a |title= / |url= combination.
This is because by the time we get here, |title=http://somesite.com and |title=Document Title. have been combined:
[http://somesite.com and ''Document Title.'']
so that now, the last character is not sepc but is ] (unless sepc == ']' which breaks the external link)
]]
function safejoin( tbl, duplicate_char )
    --[[
    Note: we use string functions here, rather than ustring functions.
   
    This has considerably faster performance and should work correctly as
    long as the duplicate_char is strict ASCII.  The strings
    in tbl may be ASCII or UTF8.
    ]]
   
    local str = '';
    local comp = '';
    local end_chr = '';
    local trim;
    for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
        if value == nil then value = ''; end
       
        if str == '' then
            str = value;
        elseif value ~= '' then
            if value:sub(1,1) == '<' then
                -- Special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
                comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" );
            else
                comp = value;
            end
           
            if comp:sub(1,1) == duplicate_char then
                trim = false;
                end_chr = str:sub(-1,-1);
                -- str = str .. "<HERE(enchr=" .. end_chr.. ")"
                if end_chr == duplicate_char then
                    str = str:sub(1,-2);
                elseif end_chr == "'" then
                    if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "''" then
                        str = str:sub(1, -4) .. "''";
                    elseif str:sub(-5,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]''" then
                        trim = true;
                    elseif str:sub(-4,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]''" then
                        trim = true;
                    end
                elseif end_chr == "]" then
                    if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then
                        trim = true;
                    elseif str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then
                        trim = true;
                    end
                elseif end_chr == " " then
                    if str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. " " then
                        str = str:sub(1,-3);
                    end
                end
 
                if trim then
                    if value ~= comp then
                        local dup2 = duplicate_char;
                        if dup2:match( "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end
                       
                        value = value:gsub( "(%b<>)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 )
                    else
                        value = value:sub( 2, -1 );
                    end
                end
            end
            str = str .. value;
        end
    end
    return str;
end 
 
-- Attempts to convert names to initials.
function reducetoinitials(first)
local initials = {}
local i = 0; -- counter for number of initials
for word in string.gmatch(first, "%S+") do
table.insert(initials, string.sub(word,1,1)) -- Vancouver format does not include full stops.
i = i + 1; -- bump the counter
if 2 <= i then break; end -- only two initials allowed in Vancouver system; if 2, quit
end
return table.concat(initials) -- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
end
 
-- Formats a list of people (e.g. authors / editors)
function listpeople(control, people)
    local sep = control.sep;
    local namesep = control.namesep
    local format = control.format
    local maximum = control.maximum
    local lastauthoramp = control.lastauthoramp;
    local text = {}
    local etal = false;
   
    if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end
    if maximum ~= nil and maximum < 1 then return "", 0; end
   
    for i,person in ipairs(people) do
        if is_set(person.last) then
            local mask = person.mask
            local one
            local sep_one = sep;
            if maximum ~= nil and i > maximum then
                etal = true;
                break;
            elseif (mask ~= nil) then
                local n = tonumber(mask)
                if (n ~= nil) then
                    one = string.rep("&mdash;",n)
                else
                    one = mask;
                    sep_one = " ";
                end
            else
                one = person.last
                local first = person.first
                if is_set(first) then
                    if ( "vanc" == format ) then first = reducetoinitials(first) end
                    one = one .. namesep .. first
                end
                if is_set(person.link) then one = "[[" .. person.link .. "|" .. one .. "]]" end
                if is_set(person.link) and nil ~= person.link:find("//") then one = one .. " " .. seterror( 'bad_authorlink' ) end -- check for url in author link;
            end
            table.insert( text, one )
            table.insert( text, sep_one )
        end
    end
 
    local count = #text / 2;
    if count > 0 then
        if count > 1 and is_set(lastauthoramp) and not etal then
            text[#text-2] = " & ";
        end
        text[#text] = nil;
    end
   
    local result = table.concat(text) -- construct list
    if etal then
        local etal_text = cfg.messages['et al'];
        result = result .. " " .. etal_text;
    end
   
    -- if necessary wrap result in <span> tag to format in Small Caps
    if ( "scap" == format ) then result =
        '<span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps">' .. result .. '</span>';
    end
    return result, count
end
 
-- Generates a CITEREF anchor ID.
function anchorid( options )
    return "CITEREF" .. table.concat( options );
end
 
--[[
Gets name list from the input arguments
 
Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters (or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters.
Stops searching when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts: found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't
find |last4= and |last5= then the search is done.
 
This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching |lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3=
are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not required ot have a matching |firstn=.
]]
function extractnames(args, list_name)
local names = {}; -- table of names
local i = 1; -- loop counter/indexer
local count = 0; -- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors)
local err_msg_list_name = list_name:match ("(%w+)List") .. 's list'; -- modify AuthorList or EditorList for use in error messages if necessary
 
    while true do
        names[i] = -- search through args for name components beginning at 1
        {
last = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'redundant_parameters', i ),
first = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'redundant_parameters', i ),
link = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'redundant_parameters', i ),
mask = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'redundant_parameters', i )
};
if names[i].first and not names[i].last then -- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn
names[i].first = nil; -- set first to nil so we don't confuse the implict et al message code
table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'first_missing_last', {err_msg_list_name, i}, true ) } ); -- add this error message
break; -- and done because lastn not found
elseif not names[i].first and not names[i].last then -- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done?
count = count + 1; -- number of times we haven't found last and first
if 2 == count then -- two missing names and we give up
break; -- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which
end
else -- last with or without a first
if 1 == count then -- if the previous name was missing
table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'missing_name', {err_msg_list_name, i-1}, true ) } ); -- add this error message
end
count = 0; -- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names
end
 
i = i + 1; -- bump to the next name
end
return names; -- all done, return our list of names
end
 
-- Populates ID table from arguments using configuration settings
function extractids( args )
    local id_list = {};
    for k, v in pairs( cfg.id_handlers ) do   
        v = selectone( args, v.parameters, 'redundant_parameters' );
        if is_set(v) then id_list[k] = v; end
    end
    return id_list;
end
 
-- Takes a table of IDs and turns it into a table of formatted ID outputs.
function buildidlist( id_list, options )
    local new_list, handler = {};
   
    function fallback(k) return { __index = function(t,i) return cfg.id_handlers[k][i] end } end;
   
    for k, v in pairs( id_list ) do
        -- fallback to read-only cfg
        handler = setmetatable( { ['id'] = v }, fallback(k) );
       
        if handler.mode == 'external' then
            table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, externallinkid( handler ) } );
        elseif handler.mode == 'internal' then
            table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, internallinkid( handler ) } );
        elseif handler.mode ~= 'manual' then
            error( cfg.messages['unknown_ID_mode'] );
        elseif k == 'DOI' then
            table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, doi( v, options.DoiBroken ) } );
        elseif k == 'ARXIV' then
            table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, arxiv( v ) } );
        elseif k == 'ASIN' then
            table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, amazon( v, options.ASINTLD ) } );
        elseif k == 'LCCN' then
            table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, lccn( v ) } );
        elseif k == 'OL' then
            table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, openlibrary( v ) } );
        elseif k == 'PMC' then
            table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, pmc( v, options.Embargo ) } );
        elseif k == 'PMID' then
            table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, pmid( v ) } );
        elseif k == 'ISSN' then
        table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, issn( v ) } );
        elseif k == 'ISBN' then
            local ISBN = internallinkid( handler );
            if not checkisbn( v ) and not is_set(options.IgnoreISBN) then
                ISBN = ISBN .. seterror( 'bad_isbn', {}, false, " ", "" );
            end
            table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, ISBN } );               
        else
            error( cfg.messages['unknown_manual_ID'] );
        end
    end
   
    function comp( a, b ) -- used in following table.sort()
        return a[1] < b[1];
    end
   
    table.sort( new_list, comp );
    for k, v in ipairs( new_list ) do
        new_list[k] = v[2];
    end
   
    return new_list;
end
 
-- Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider
-- Generates an error if more than one match is present.
function selectone( args, possible, error_condition, index )
    local value = nil;
    local selected = '';
    local error_list = {};
   
    if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end
   
    -- Handle special case of "#" replaced by empty string
    if index == '1' then
        for _, v in ipairs( possible ) do
            v = v:gsub( "#", "" );
            if is_set(args[v]) then
                if value ~= nil and selected ~= v then
                    table.insert( error_list, v );
                else
                    value = args[v];
                    selected = v;
                end
            end
        end       
    end
   
    for _, v in ipairs( possible ) do
        if index ~= nil then
            v = v:gsub( "#", index );
        end
        if is_set(args[v]) then
            if value ~= nil and selected ~=  v then
                table.insert( error_list, v );
            else
                value = args[v];
                selected = v;
            end
        end
    end
   
    if #error_list > 0 then
        local error_str = "";
        for _, k in ipairs( error_list ) do
            if error_str ~= "" then error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-separator'] end
            error_str = error_str .. wrap( 'parameter', k );
        end
        if #error_list > 1 then
            error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-final-separator'];
        else
            error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-pair-separator'];
        end
        error_str = error_str .. wrap( 'parameter', selected );
        table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( error_condition, {error_str}, true ) } );
    end
   
    return value, selected;
end
 
-- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) allows automated tools to parse
-- the citation information.
function COinS(data)
    if 'table' ~= type(data) or nil == next(data) then
        return '';
    end
   
    local ctx_ver = "Z39.88-2004";
   
    -- treat table strictly as an array with only set values.
    local OCinSoutput = setmetatable( {}, {
        __newindex = function(self, key, value)
            if is_set(value) then
                rawset( self, #self+1, table.concat{ key, '=', mw.uri.encode( removewikilink( value ) ) } );
            end
        end
    });
   
    if is_set(data.Chapter) then
        OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book";
        OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "bookitem";
        OCinSoutput["rft.btitle"] = data.Chapter;
        OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Title;
    elseif is_set(data.Periodical) then
        OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal";
        OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "article";
        OCinSoutput["rft.jtitle"] = data.Periodical;
        OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Title;
    else
        OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book";
        OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "book"
        OCinSoutput["rft.btitle"] = data.Title;
    end
   
    OCinSoutput["rft.place"] = data.PublicationPlace;
    OCinSoutput["rft.date"] = data.Date;
    OCinSoutput["rft.series"] = data.Series;
    OCinSoutput["rft.volume"] = data.Volume;
    OCinSoutput["rft.issue"] = data.Issue;
    OCinSoutput["rft.pages"] = data.Pages;
    OCinSoutput["rft.edition"] = data.Edition;
    OCinSoutput["rft.pub"] = data.PublisherName;
   
    for k, v in pairs( data.ID_list ) do
        local id, value = cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS;
        if k == 'ISBN' then value = cleanisbn( v ); else value = v; end
        if string.sub( id or "", 1, 4 ) == 'info' then
            OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat{ id, "/", v };
        else
            OCinSoutput[ id ] = value;
        end
    end
   
    local last, first;
    for k, v in ipairs( data.Authors ) do
        last, first = v.last, v.first;
        if k == 1 then
            if is_set(last) then
                OCinSoutput["rft.aulast"] = last;
            end
            if is_set(first) then
                OCinSoutput["rft.aufirst"] = first;
            end
        end
        if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then
            OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = table.concat{ last, ", ", first };
        elseif is_set(last) then
            OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = last;
        end
    end
   
    OCinSoutput.rft_id = data.URL;
    OCinSoutput.rfr_id = table.concat{ "info:sid/", mw.site.server:match( "[^/]*$" ), ":", data.RawPage };
    OCinSoutput = setmetatable( OCinSoutput, nil );
   
    -- sort with version string always first, and combine.
    table.sort( OCinSoutput );
    table.insert( OCinSoutput, 1, "ctx_ver=" .. ctx_ver );  -- such as "Z39.88-2004"
    return table.concat(OCinSoutput, "&");
end
 
--[[
This is the main function doing the majority of the citation
formatting.
]]
function citation0( config, args)
    --[[
    Load Input Parameters
    The argment_wrapper facillitates the mapping of multiple
    aliases to single internal variable.
    ]]
    local A = argument_wrapper( args );
 
    local i
    local PPrefix = A['PPrefix']
    local PPPrefix = A['PPPrefix']
    if is_set( A['NoPP'] ) then PPPrefix = "" PPrefix = "" end
   
    -- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
    -- define different field names for the same underlying things.   
    local Authors = A['Authors'];
    local a = extractnames( args, 'AuthorList' );
 
    local Coauthors = A['Coauthors'];
    local Others = A['Others'];
    local Editors = A['Editors'];
    local e = extractnames( args, 'EditorList' );
 
    local Year = A['Year'];
    local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate'];
    local OrigYear = A['OrigYear'];
    local Date = A['Date'];
    local LayDate = A['LayDate'];
    ------------------------------------------------- Get title data
    local Title = A['Title'];
    local BookTitle = A['BookTitle'];
    local Conference = A['Conference'];
    local TransTitle = A['TransTitle'];
    local TitleNote = A['TitleNote'];
    local TitleLink = A['TitleLink'];
    local Chapter = A['Chapter'];
    local ChapterLink = A['ChapterLink'];
    local TransChapter = A['TransChapter'];
    local TitleType = A['TitleType'];
    local Degree = A['Degree'];
    local Docket = A['Docket'];
    local ArchiveURL = A['ArchiveURL'];
    local URL = A['URL']
    local URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('URL');
    local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL'];
    local ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');
    local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL'];
    local ConferenceURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');
    local Periodical = A['Periodical'];
 
local Series = A['Series'];
    local Volume = A['Volume'];
    local Issue = A['Issue'];
    local Position = '';
    local Page = A['Page'];
    local Pages = hyphentodash( A['Pages'] );
    local At = A['At'];
 
    local Edition = A['Edition'];
    local PublicationPlace = A['PublicationPlace']
    local Place = A['Place'];
   
    local PublisherName = A['PublisherName'];
    local RegistrationRequired = A['RegistrationRequired'];
    local SubscriptionRequired = A['SubscriptionRequired'];
    local Via = A['Via'];
    local AccessDate = A['AccessDate'];
    local ArchiveDate = A['ArchiveDate'];
    local Agency = A['Agency'];
    local DeadURL = A['DeadURL']
    local Language = A['Language'];
    local Format = A['Format'];
    local Ref = A['Ref'];
local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken'];
local ID = A['ID'];
    local ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'];
    local IgnoreISBN = A['IgnoreISBN'];
    local Embargo = A['Embargo'];
 
    local ID_list = extractids( args );
   
    -- special case for cite newsgroup which uses |id= for a usenet article or post id
    -- |id= is not included in COinS so here we convert it to an ID that will be included in COinS
    if ('newsgroup' == config.CitationClass) and (is_set (ID)) then
    ID_list['USENETID']=ID; -- add this new 'id' to the list of IDs
    ID = ''; -- and unset
    end
   
    local Quote = A['Quote'];
    local PostScript = A['PostScript'];
 
    local LayURL = A['LayURL'];
    local LaySource = A['LaySource'];
    local Transcript = A['Transcript'];
    local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL']
    local TranscriptURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');
    local sepc = A['Separator'];
 
    local LastAuthorAmp = A['LastAuthorAmp'];
    local no_tracking_cats = A['NoTracking'];
 
--these are used by cite interview
local Callsign = A['Callsign'];
local City = A['City'];
local Cointerviewers = A['Cointerviewers']; -- deprecated
local Interviewer = A['Interviewer']; -- deprecated
local Program = A['Program'];
 
--local variables that are not cs1 parameters
    local page_type; -- is this needed?  Doesn't appear to be used anywhere;
    local use_lowercase = ( sepc ~= '.' );
    local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(); --Also used for COinS and for language
local anchor_year; -- used in the CITEREF identifier
local COinS_date; -- used in the COinS metadata
 
-- Set postscript default.
if not is_set (PostScript) then -- if |postscript= has not been set (Postscript is nil which is the default for {{citation}}) and
if (config.CitationClass ~= "citation") then -- this template is not a citation template
PostScript = '.'; -- must be a cite xxx template so set postscript to default (period)
end
else
if PostScript:lower() == 'none' then -- if |postscript=none then
PostScript = ''; -- no postscript
end
end
 
--check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories.
if not is_set(no_tracking_cats) then -- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page
for k, v in pairs( cfg.uncategorized_namespaces ) do -- otherwise, spin through the list of namespaces we don't include in error categories
if this_page.nsText == v then -- if we find one
no_tracking_cats = "true"; -- set no_trackin_cats
break; -- and we're done
            end
        end
    end
 
-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters.
    if is_set(Page) then
        if is_set(Pages) or is_set(At) then
            Page = Page .. " " .. seterror('extra_pages'); -- add error message
            Pages = ''; -- unset the others
            At = '';
        end
    elseif is_set(Pages) then
        if is_set(At) then
            Pages = Pages .. " " .. seterror('extra_pages'); -- add error messages
            At = ''; -- unset
        end
    end   
 
-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different
    if not is_set(PublicationPlace) and is_set(Place) then
        PublicationPlace = Place; -- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place
    end
   
    if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end -- don't need both if they are the same
   
--[[
Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia:
When the citation has these parameters:
|encyclopedia and |title then map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title
|encyclopedia and |article then map |encyclopedia to |title
|encyclopedia then map |encyclopedia to |title
 
|trans_title maps to |trans_chapter when |title is re-mapped
 
All other combinations of |encyclopedia, |title, and |article are not modified
]]
if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then
if is_set(Periodical) then -- Periodical is set when |encyclopedia is set
if is_set(Title) then
if not is_set(Chapter) then
Chapter = Title; -- |encyclopedia and |title are set so map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title
TransChapter = TransTitle;
Title = Periodical;
Periodical = ''; -- redundant so unset
TransTitle = ''; -- redundant so unset
end
else -- |title not set
Title = Periodical; -- |encyclopedia set and |article set or not set so map |encyclopedia to |title
Periodical = ''; -- redundant so unset
end
end
end
 
--special cases for citation.
if (config.CitationClass == "citation") then -- for citation templates
if not is_set (Ref) then -- if |ref= is not set
Ref = "harv"; -- set default |ref=harv
end
if not is_set (sepc) then -- if |separator= is not set
sepc = ','; -- set citation separator to its default (comma)
end
else -- not a citation template
if not is_set (sepc) then -- if |separator= has not been set
sepc = '.'; -- set cite xxx separator to its default (period)
end
end
 
-- check for special case where |separator=none
if 'none' == sepc:lower() then -- if |separator=none
sepc = ''; -- then set it to a empty string
end
 
-- Special case for cite techreport.
if (config.CitationClass == "techreport") then -- special case for cite techreport
if is_set(Issue) then -- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations aliase to 'issue'
if not is_set(ID) then -- can we use ID for the "number"?
ID = Issue; -- yes, use it
Issue = ""; -- unset Issue so that "number" isn't duplicated in the rendered citation or COinS metadata
else -- can't use ID so emit error message
ID = ID .. " " .. seterror('redundant_parameters', '<code>&#124;id=</code> and <code>&#124;number=</code>');
end
end
end
 
-- special case for cite interview
if (config.CitationClass == "interview") then
if is_set(Program) then
ID = ' ' .. Program;
end
if is_set(Callsign) then
if is_set(ID) then
ID = ID .. sepc .. ' ' .. Callsign;
else
ID = ' ' .. Callsign;
end
end
if is_set(City) then
if is_set(ID) then
ID = ID .. sepc .. ' ' .. City;
else
ID = ' ' .. City;
end
end
 
if is_set(Interviewer) then
if is_set(TitleType) then
Others = ' ' .. TitleType .. ' with ' .. Interviewer;
TitleType = '';
else
Others = ' ' .. 'Interview with ' .. Interviewer;
end
if is_set(Cointerviewers) then
Others = Others .. sepc .. ' ' .. Cointerviewers;
end
else
Others = '(Interview)';
end
end
 
--Account for the oddity that is {{cite journal}} with |pmc= set and |url= not set
if config.CitationClass == "journal" and not is_set(URL) and is_set(ID_list['PMC']) then
if not is_embargoed(Embargo) then
URL=cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix .. ID_list['PMC']; -- set url to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed
URLorigin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1]; -- set URLorigin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
end
end
 
-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
--TODO: if this is only for {{cite conference}}, shouldn't we be checking? (if config.CitationClass=='conference' then ...)
if is_set(BookTitle) then
Chapter = Title;
ChapterLink = TitleLink;
TransChapter = TransTitle;
Title = BookTitle;
TitleLink = '';
TransTitle = '';
end
 
-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite episode}}, before generation of COinS data.
--[[ -- {{cite episode}} is not currently supported by this module
if config.CitationClass == "episode" then
local AirDate = A['AirDate'];
local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink'];
local Season = A['Season'];
local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber'];
local Network = A['Network'];
local Station = A['Station'];
local s, n = {}, {};
local Sep = (first_set(A["SeriesSeparator"], A["Separator"]) or "") .. " ";
if is_set(Issue) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages["episode"] .. " " .. Issue); Issue = ''; end
if is_set(Season) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages["season"] .. " " .. Season); end
if is_set(SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages["series"] .. " " .. SeriesNumber); end
if is_set(Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end
if is_set(Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end
Date = Date or AirDate;
Chapter = Title;
ChapterLink = TitleLink;
TransChapter = TransTitle;
Title = Series;
TitleLink = SeriesLink;
TransTitle = '';
Series = table.concat(s, Sep);
ID = table.concat(n, Sep);
end
-- end of {{cite episode}} stuff]]
 
-- legacy: promote concatenation of |day=, |month=, and |year= to Date if Date not set; or, promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set.
if not is_set(Date) then
Date = Year; -- promote Year to Date
Year = nil; -- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF
if is_set(Date) then
local Month = A['Month'];
if is_set(Month) then
Date = Month .. " " .. Date;
local Day = A['Day']
if is_set(Day) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end
end
elseif is_set(PublicationDate) then -- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set
Date = PublicationDate; -- promonte PublicationDate to Date
PublicationDate = ''; -- unset, no longer needed
end
end
 
if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end -- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation
 
 
--[[
Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where
we get the date used in the metadata.
 
Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
]]
anchor_year, COinS_date, error_message = dates({['accessdate']=AccessDate, ['airdate']=AirDate, ['archivedate']=ArchiveDate, ['date']=Date, ['doi_brokendate']=DoiBroken,
['embargo']=Embargo, ['laydate']=LayDate, ['publicationdate']=PublicationDate, ['year']=Year});
if is_set(error_message) then
table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'bad_date', {error_message}, true ) } ); -- add this error message
end
 
-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
 
    -- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) for
    -- automated parsing of citation information.
    local OCinSoutput = COinS{
        ['Periodical'] = Periodical,
        ['Chapter'] = Chapter,
        ['Title'] = Title,
        ['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace,
        ['Date'] = first_set(COinS_date, Date), -- COinS_date has correctly formatted date if Date is valid; any reason to keep Date here?  Should we be including invalid dates in metadata?
        ['Series'] = Series,
        ['Volume'] = Volume,
        ['Issue'] = Issue,
        ['Pages'] = get_coins_pages (first_set(Page, Pages, At)), -- pages stripped of external links
        ['Edition'] = Edition,
        ['PublisherName'] = PublisherName,
        ['URL'] = first_set( URL, ChapterURL ),
        ['Authors'] = a,
        ['ID_list'] = ID_list,
        ['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText,
    };
 
    if is_set(Periodical) and not is_set(Chapter) and is_set(Title) then
        Chapter = Title;
        ChapterLink = TitleLink;
        TransChapter = TransTitle;
        Title = '';
        TitleLink = '';
        TransTitle = '';
    end
 
-- special case for cite newsgroup.  Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername and ID
if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then
if is_set (PublisherName) then
PublisherName = '[[Newsgroup]]:&nbsp;' ..  externallink( 'news:' .. PublisherName, PublisherName );
end
end
 
 
 
    -- Now perform various field substitutions.
    -- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the
    -- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
    if not is_set(Authors) then
        local Maximum = tonumber( A['DisplayAuthors'] );
       
        -- Preserve old-style implicit et al.
        if not is_set(Maximum) and #a == 9 then
            Maximum = 8;
            table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('implict_etal_author', {}, true ) } );
        elseif not is_set(Maximum) then
            Maximum = #a + 1;
        end
           
        local control = {
            sep = A["AuthorSeparator"] .. " ",
            namesep = (first_set(A["AuthorNameSeparator"], A["NameSeparator"]) or "") .. " ",
            format = A["AuthorFormat"],
            maximum = Maximum,
            lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp
        };
       
        -- If the coauthor field is also used, prevent ampersand and et al. formatting.
        if is_set(Coauthors) then
            control.lastauthoramp = nil;
            control.maximum = #a + 1;
        end
       
        Authors = listpeople(control, a)
    end
 
if not is_set(Authors) and is_set(Coauthors) then -- coauthors aren't displayed if one of authors=, authorn=, or lastn= isn't specified
table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('coauthors_missing_author', {}, true) } ); -- emit error message
end
 
    local EditorCount
    if not is_set(Editors) then
        local Maximum = tonumber( A['DisplayEditors'] );
        -- Preserve old-style implicit et al.
        if not is_set(Maximum) and #e == 4 then
            Maximum = 3;
            table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('implict_etal_editor', {}, true) } );
        elseif not is_set(Maximum) then
            Maximum = #e + 1;
        end
 
        local control = {
            sep = A["EditorSeparator"] .. " ",
            namesep = (first_set(A["EditorNameSeparator"], A["NameSeparator"]) or "") .. " ",
            format = A['EditorFormat'],
            maximum = Maximum,
            lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp
        };
 
        Editors, EditorCount = listpeople(control, e);
    else
        EditorCount = 1;
    end
 
    local Cartography = "";
    local Scale = "";
    if config.CitationClass == "map" then
        if not is_set( Authors ) and is_set( PublisherName ) then
            Authors = PublisherName;
            PublisherName = "";
        end
        Cartography = A['Cartography'];
        if is_set( Cartography ) then
            Cartography = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase );
        end       
        Scale = A['Scale'];
        if is_set( Scale ) then
            Scale = sepc .. " " .. Scale;
        end       
    end
   
    if  not is_set(URL) and
        not is_set(ChapterURL) and
        not is_set(ArchiveURL) and
        not is_set(ConferenceURL) and
        not is_set(TranscriptURL) then
       
        -- Test if cite web or cite podcast |url= is missing or empty
if inArray(config.CitationClass, {"web","podcast"}) then
table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'cite_web_url', {}, true ) } );
end
       
        -- Test if accessdate is given without giving a URL
        if is_set(AccessDate) then
            table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'accessdate_missing_url', {}, true ) } );
            AccessDate = '';
        end
       
        -- Test if format is given without giving a URL
        if is_set(Format) then
            Format = Format .. seterror( 'format_missing_url' );
        end
    end
   
    -- Test if citation has no title
    if  not is_set(Chapter) and
        not is_set(Title) and
        not is_set(Periodical) and
        not is_set(Conference) and
        not is_set(TransTitle) and
        not is_set(TransChapter) then
        table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'citation_missing_title', {}, true ) } );
    end
   
    Format = is_set(Format) and " (" .. Format .. ")" or "";
   
    local OriginalURL = URL
    DeadURL = DeadURL:lower();
    if is_set( ArchiveURL ) then
        if ( DeadURL ~= "no" ) then
            URL = ArchiveURL
            URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')
        end
    end
   
    -- Format chapter / article title
    if is_set(Chapter) and is_set(ChapterLink) then
        Chapter = "[[" .. ChapterLink .. "|" .. Chapter .. "]]";
    end
    if is_set(Periodical) and is_set(Title) then
        Chapter = wrap( 'italic-title', Chapter );
        TransChapter = wrap( 'trans-italic-title', TransChapter );
    else
Chapter = kern_quotes (Chapter); -- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks
        Chapter = wrap( 'quoted-title', Chapter );
        TransChapter = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransChapter );
    end
   
    local TransError = ""
    if is_set(TransChapter) then
        if not is_set(Chapter) then
            TransError = " " .. seterror( 'trans_missing_chapter' );
        else
            TransChapter = " " .. TransChapter;
        end
    end
   
    Chapter = Chapter .. TransChapter;
   
    if is_set(Chapter) then
        if not is_set(ChapterLink) then
            if is_set(ChapterURL) then
                Chapter = externallink( ChapterURL, Chapter ) .. TransError;
                if not is_set(URL) then
                    Chapter = Chapter .. Format;
                    Format = "";
                end
            elseif is_set(URL) then
                Chapter = externallink( URL, Chapter ) .. TransError .. Format;
                URL = "";
                Format = "";
            else
                Chapter = Chapter .. TransError;
            end           
        elseif is_set(ChapterURL) then
            Chapter = Chapter .. " " .. externallink( ChapterURL, nil, ChapterURLorigin ) ..
                TransError;
        else
            Chapter = Chapter .. TransError;
        end
        Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. " " -- with end-space
    elseif is_set(ChapterURL) then
        Chapter = " " .. externallink( ChapterURL, nil, ChapterURLorigin ) .. sepc .. " ";
    end       
   
    -- Format main title.
    if is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(Title) then
        Title = "[[" .. TitleLink .. "|" .. Title .. "]]"
    end
   
    if is_set(Periodical) then
Title = kern_quotes (Title); -- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks
        Title = wrap( 'quoted-title', Title );
        TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
    elseif inArray(config.CitationClass, {"web","news","pressrelease","conference","podcast","newsgroup"}) and
            not is_set(Chapter) then
Title = kern_quotes (Title); -- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks
        Title = wrap( 'quoted-title', Title );
        TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
    else
        Title = wrap( 'italic-title', Title );
        TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-italic-title', TransTitle );
    end
   
    TransError = "";
    if is_set(TransTitle) then
        if not is_set(Title) then
            TransError = " " .. seterror( 'trans_missing_title' );
        else
            TransTitle = " " .. TransTitle;
        end
    end
   
    Title = Title .. TransTitle;
   
    if is_set(Title) then
        if not is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(URL) then
            Title = externallink( URL, Title ) .. TransError .. Format     
            URL = "";
            Format = "";
        else
            Title = Title .. TransError;
        end
    end
   
    if is_set(Place) then
        Place = " " .. wrap( 'written', Place, use_lowercase ) .. sepc .. " ";
    end
   
    if is_set(Conference) then
        if is_set(ConferenceURL) then
            Conference = externallink( ConferenceURL, Conference );
        end
        Conference = sepc .. " " .. Conference
    elseif is_set(ConferenceURL) then
        Conference = sepc .. " " .. externallink( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURLorigin );
    end
   
    if not is_set(Position) then
        local Minutes = A['Minutes'];
        if is_set(Minutes) then
            Position = " " .. Minutes .. " " .. cfg.messages['minutes'];
        else
            local Time = A['Time'];
            if is_set(Time) then
                local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption']
                if not is_set(TimeCaption) then
                    TimeCaption = cfg.messages['event'];
                    if sepc ~= '.' then
                        TimeCaption = TimeCaption:lower();
                    end
                end
                Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time;
            end
        end
    else
        Position = " " .. Position;
        At = '';
    end
   
    if not is_set(Page) then
        if is_set(Pages) then
            if is_set(Periodical) and
                not inArray(config.CitationClass, {"encyclopaedia","web","book","news","podcast"}) then
                Pages = ": " .. Pages;
            elseif tonumber(Pages) ~= nil then
                Pages = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Pages;
            else
                Pages = sepc .." " .. PPPrefix .. Pages;
            end
        end
    else
        if is_set(Periodical) and
            not inArray(config.CitationClass, {"encyclopaedia","web","book","news","podcast"}) then
            Page = ": " .. Page;
        else
            Page = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Page;
        end
    end
   
    At = is_set(At) and (sepc .. " " .. At) or "";
    Position = is_set(Position) and (sepc .. " " .. Position) or "";
    if config.CitationClass == 'map' then
        local Section = A['Section'];
        local Inset = A['Inset'];
        if first_set( Pages, Page, At ) ~= nil or sepc ~= '.' then
            if is_set( Section ) then
                Section = ", " .. wrap( 'section', Section, true );
            end
            if is_set( Inset ) then
                Inset = ", " .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, true );
            end
        else
            if is_set( Section ) then
                Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'section', Section, use_lowercase );
                if is_set( Inset ) then
                    Inset = ", " .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, true );
                end
            elseif is_set( Inset ) then
                Inset = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, use_lowercase );
            end           
        end           
        At = At .. Section .. Inset;       
    end   
 
--[[Look in the list of iso639-1 language codes to see if the value provided in the language parameter matches one of them.  If a match is found,
use that value; if not, then use the value that was provided with the language parameter.
Categories are assigned in a manner similar to the {{xx icon}} templates - categorizes only mainspace citations and only when the language code is not 'en' (English).
]]
if is_set (Language) then
-- local name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName( Language:lower(), "en" ); -- experiment: this seems to return correct ISO 639-1 language names
local name = cfg.iso639_1[Language:lower()]; -- get the language name if Language parameter has a valid iso 639-1 code
if nil == name then
Language=" " .. wrap( 'language', Language ); -- no match, use parameter's value
else
if 0 == this_page.namespace and 'en' ~= Language:lower() then --found a match; is this page main / article space and English not the language?
Language=" " .. wrap( 'language', name .. '[[Category:Articles with ' .. name .. '-language external links]]' ); -- in main space and not English: categorize
else
Language=" " .. wrap( 'language', name ); --not in mainspace or language is English so don't categorize
end
end
else
Language=""; -- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string;
end
 
Others = is_set(Others) and (sepc .. " " .. Others) or "";
 
-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values
 
if inArray(config.CitationClass, {"AV-media-notes", "DVD-notes", "podcast", "pressrelease", "techreport", "thesis"}) then
TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType);
if is_set(Degree) and "Thesis" == TitleType then -- special case for cite thesis
TitleType = Degree .. " thesis";
end
end
 
if is_set(TitleType) then -- if type parameter is specified
TitleType = " (" .. TitleType .. ")"; -- display it in parentheses
end
 
TitleNote = is_set(TitleNote) and (sepc .. " " .. TitleNote) or "";
    Edition = is_set(Edition) and (" " .. wrap( 'edition', Edition )) or "";
    Issue = is_set(Issue) and (" (" .. Issue .. ")") or "";
    Series = is_set(Series) and (sepc .. " " .. Series) or "";
    OrigYear = is_set(OrigYear) and (" [" .. OrigYear .. "]") or "";
    Agency = is_set(Agency) and (sepc .. " " .. Agency) or "";
 
    if is_set(Volume) then
        if ( mw.ustring.len(Volume) > 4 )
          then Volume = sepc .." " .. Volume;
          else Volume = " <b>" .. hyphentodash(Volume) .. "</b>";
        end
    end
 
--[[ This code commented out while discussion continues until after week of 2014-03-23 live module update;
    if is_set(Volume) then
        if ( mw.ustring.len(Volume) > 4 )
          then Volume = sepc .. " " .. Volume;
          else
              Volume = " <b>" .. hyphentodash(Volume) .. "</b>";
              if is_set(Series) then Volume = sepc .. Volume;
              end
        end
    end
]]   
    ------------------------------------ totally unrelated data
    --[[ Loosely mimic {{subscription required}} template; Via parameter identifies a delivery source that is not the publisher; these sources often, but not always, exist
    behind a registration or paywall.  So here, we've chosen to decouple via from subscription (via has never been part of the registration required template).
   
    Subscription implies paywall; Registration does not.  If both are used in a citation, the subscription required link note is displayed. There are no error messages for this condition.
    ]]
    if is_set(Via) then
        Via = " " .. wrap( 'via', Via );
    end
 
if is_set(SubscriptionRequired) then
        SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. cfg.messages['subscription']; --here when 'via' parameter not used but 'subscription' is
    elseif is_set(RegistrationRequired) then
        SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. cfg.messages['registration']; --here when 'via' and 'subscription' parameters not used but 'registration' is
    end
 
    if is_set(AccessDate) then
        local retrv_text = " " .. cfg.messages['retrieved']
        if (sepc ~= ".") then retrv_text = retrv_text:lower() end
        AccessDate = '<span class="reference-accessdate">' .. sepc
            .. substitute( retrv_text, {AccessDate} ) .. '</span>'
    end
   
    if is_set(ID) then ID = sepc .." ".. ID; end
  if "thesis" == config.CitationClass and is_set(Docket) then
ID = sepc .." Docket ".. Docket .. ID;
end
 
   
    ID_list = buildidlist( ID_list, {DoiBroken = DoiBroken, ASINTLD = ASINTLD, IgnoreISBN = IgnoreISBN, Embargo=Embargo} );
 
    if is_set(URL) then
        URL = " " .. externallink( URL, nil, URLorigin );
    end
 
    if is_set(Quote) then
        if Quote:sub(1,1) == '"' and Quote:sub(-1,-1) == '"' then
            Quote = Quote:sub(2,-2);
        end
        Quote = sepc .." " .. wrap( 'quoted-text', Quote );
        PostScript = ""; -- CS1 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set
    end
   
    local Archived
    if is_set(ArchiveURL) then
        if not is_set(ArchiveDate) then
            ArchiveDate = seterror('archive_missing_date');
        end
        if "no" == DeadURL then
            local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived'];
            if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
            Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( cfg.messages['archived-not-dead'],
                { externallink( ArchiveURL, arch_text ), ArchiveDate } );
            if not is_set(OriginalURL) then
                Archived = Archived .. " " .. seterror('archive_missing_url');                             
            end
        elseif is_set(OriginalURL) then
            local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-dead'];
            if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
            Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text,
                { externallink( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'] ), ArchiveDate } );
        else
            local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-missing'];
            if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
            Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text,
                { seterror('archive_missing_url'), ArchiveDate } );
        end
    else
        Archived = ""
    end
   
    local Lay
    if is_set(LayURL) then
        if is_set(LayDate) then LayDate = " (" .. LayDate .. ")" end
        if is_set(LaySource) then
            LaySource = " &ndash; ''" .. safeforitalics(LaySource) .. "''";
        else
            LaySource = "";
        end
        if sepc == '.' then
            Lay = sepc .. " " .. externallink( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary'] ) .. LaySource .. LayDate
        else
            Lay = sepc .. " " .. externallink( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary']:lower() ) .. LaySource .. LayDate
        end           
    else
        Lay = "";
    end
   
    if is_set(Transcript) then
        if is_set(TranscriptURL) then Transcript = externallink( TranscriptURL, Transcript ); end
    elseif is_set(TranscriptURL) then
        Transcript = externallink( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURLorigin );
    end
   
    local Publisher;
    if is_set(Periodical) and
        not inArray(config.CitationClass, {"encyclopaedia","web","pressrelease","podcast"}) then
        if is_set(PublisherName) then
            if is_set(PublicationPlace) then
                Publisher = PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName;
            else
                Publisher = PublisherName; 
            end
        elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then
            Publisher= PublicationPlace;
        else
            Publisher = "";
        end
        if is_set(PublicationDate) then
            if is_set(Publisher) then
                Publisher = Publisher .. ", " .. wrap( 'published', PublicationDate );
            else
                Publisher = PublicationDate;
            end
        end
        if is_set(Publisher) then
            Publisher = " (" .. Publisher .. ")";
        end
    else
        if is_set(PublicationDate) then
            PublicationDate = " (" .. wrap( 'published', PublicationDate ) .. ")";
        end
        if is_set(PublisherName) then
            if is_set(PublicationPlace) then
                Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
            else
                Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; 
            end           
        elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then
            Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
        else
            Publisher = PublicationDate;
        end
    end
   
    -- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
    if is_set(Periodical) then
        if is_set(Title) or is_set(TitleNote) then
            Periodical = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'italic-title', Periodical )
        else
            Periodical = wrap( 'italic-title', Periodical )
        end
    end
 
--[[
Handle the oddity that is cite speech.  This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be " (Speech)" so that
the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided).
]]
if "speech" == config.CitationClass then -- cite speech only
TitleNote = " (Speech)"; -- annotate the citation
if is_set (Periodical) then -- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter
if is_set (Conference) then -- and if |event= is set
Conference = Conference .. sepc .. " "; -- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering
end
end
end
 
    -- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
    -- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
    -- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.
 
    local tcommon
    if inArray(config.CitationClass, {"journal","citation"}) and is_set(Periodical) then
        if is_set(Others) then Others = Others .. sepc .. " " end
        tcommon = safejoin( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Scale, Series,
            Language, Cartography, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume, Issue}, sepc );
    else
        tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Scale, Series, Language,
            Volume, Issue, Others, Cartography, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
    end
   
    if #ID_list > 0 then
        ID_list = safejoin( { sepc .. " ",  table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. " " ), ID }, sepc );
    else
        ID_list = ID;
    end
   
    local idcommon = safejoin( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote }, sepc );
    local text;
    local pgtext = Position .. Page .. Pages .. At;
   
    if is_set(Authors) then
        if is_set(Coauthors) then
            Authors = Authors .. A['AuthorSeparator'] .. " " .. Coauthors
        end
        if is_set(Date) then
            Date = " ("..Date..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
        elseif string.sub(Authors,-1,-1) == sepc then
            Authors = Authors .. " "
        else
            Authors = Authors .. sepc .. " "
        end
        if is_set(Editors) then
            local in_text = " ";
            local post_text = "";
            if is_set(Chapter) then
                in_text = in_text .. cfg.messages['in'] .. " "
            else
                if EditorCount <= 1 then
                    post_text = ", " .. cfg.messages['editor'];
                else
                    post_text = ", " .. cfg.messages['editors'];
                end
            end
            if (sepc ~= '.') then in_text = in_text:lower() end
            Editors = in_text .. Editors .. post_text;
            if (string.sub(Editors,-1,-1) == sepc)
                then Editors = Editors .. " "
                else Editors = Editors .. sepc .. " "
            end
        end
        text = safejoin( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon }, sepc );
        text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
    elseif is_set(Editors) then
        if is_set(Date) then
            if EditorCount <= 1 then
                Editors = Editors .. ", " .. cfg.messages['editor'];
            else
                Editors = Editors .. ", " .. cfg.messages['editors'];
            end
            Date = " (" .. Date ..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
        else
            if EditorCount <= 1 then
                Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " "
            else
                Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " "
            end
        end
        text = safejoin( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon}, sepc );
        text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
    else
        if is_set(Date) then
            if ( string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) ~= sepc )
              then Date = sepc .." " .. Date .. OrigYear
              else Date = " " .. Date .. OrigYear
            end
        end
        if config.CitationClass=="journal" and is_set(Periodical) then
            text = safejoin( {Chapter, Place, tcommon}, sepc );
            text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
        else
            text = safejoin( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date}, sepc );
            text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
        end
    end
   
if is_set(PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then
text = safejoin( {text, sepc}, sepc );  --Deals with italics, spaces, etc.
text = text:sub(1,-sepc:len()-1);
-- text = text:sub(1,-2); --Remove final separator (assumes that sepc is only one character)
end   
   
    text = safejoin( {text, PostScript}, sepc );
 
    -- Now enclose the whole thing in a <span/> element
    local options = {};
   
    if is_set(config.CitationClass) and config.CitationClass ~= "citation" then
        options.class = "citation " .. config.CitationClass;
    else
        options.class = "citation";
    end
   
    if is_set(Ref) and Ref:lower() ~= "none" then
        local id = Ref
        if ( "harv" == Ref ) then
            local names = {} --table of last names & year
            if #a > 0 then
                for i,v in ipairs(a) do
                    names[i] = v.last
                    if i == 4 then break end
                end
            elseif #e > 0 then
                for i,v in ipairs(e) do
                    names[i] = v.last
                    if i == 4 then break end               
                end
            end
names[ #names + 1 ] = first_set(Year, anchor_year); -- Year first for legacy citations
            id = anchorid(names)
        end
        options.id = id;
    end
   
    if string.len(text:gsub("<span[^>/]*>.-</span>", ""):gsub("%b<>","")) <= 2 then
        z.error_categories = {};
        text = seterror('empty_citation');
        z.message_tail = {};
    end
   
    if is_set(options.id) then
        text = '<span id="' .. mw.uri.anchorEncode(options.id) ..'" class="' .. mw.text.nowiki(options.class) .. '">' .. text .. "</span>";
    else
        text = '<span class="' .. mw.text.nowiki(options.class) .. '">' .. text .. "</span>";
    end       
 
    local empty_span = '<span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span>';
   
    -- Note: Using display: none on then COinS span breaks some clients.
    local OCinS = '<span title="' .. OCinSoutput .. '" class="Z3988">' .. empty_span .. '</span>';
    text = text .. OCinS;
   
    if #z.message_tail ~= 0 then
        text = text .. " ";
        for i,v in ipairs( z.message_tail ) do
            if is_set(v[1]) then
                if i == #z.message_tail then
                    text = text .. errorcomment( v[1], v[2] );
                else
                    text = text .. errorcomment( v[1] .. "; ", v[2] );
                end
            end
        end
    end
   
    no_tracking_cats = no_tracking_cats:lower();
    if inArray(no_tracking_cats, {"", "no", "false", "n"}) then
        for _, v in ipairs( z.error_categories ) do
            text = text .. '[[Category:' .. v ..']]';
        end
    end
   
    return text
end
 
-- This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text.
function z.citation(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
   
    if nil ~= string.find( frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true ) then -- did the {{#invoke:}} use sandbox version?
    cfg = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox' ); -- load sandbox versions of Configuration and Whitelist and ...
    whitelist = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox' );
    dates = require('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox').dates -- ... sandbox version of date validation code
    else -- otherwise
    cfg = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' ); -- load live versions of Configuration and Whitelist and ...
    whitelist = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' );
    dates = require('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation').dates -- ... live version of date validation code
end
    local args = {};
    local suggestions = {};
    local error_text, error_state;
 
    local config = {};
    for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do
        config[k] = v;
        args[k] = v;     
    end   
 
    for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do
        if v ~= '' then
            if not validate( k ) then           
                error_text = "";
                if type( k ) ~= 'string' then
                    -- Exclude empty numbered parameters
                    if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then
                        error_text, error_state = seterror( 'text_ignored', {v}, true );
                    end
                elseif validate( k:lower() ) then
                    error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()}, true );
                else
                    if #suggestions == 0 then
                        suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' );
                    end
                    if suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil then
                        error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions[ k:lower() ]}, true );
                    else
                        error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored', {k}, true );
                    end
                end                 
                if error_text ~= '' then
                    table.insert( z.message_tail, {error_text, error_state} );
                end               
            end
            args[k] = v;
        elseif args[k] ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then
            args[k] = v;
        end       
    end   
   
    return citation0( config, args)
end
 
return z

Latest revision as of 08:06, 26 June 2014

--[[ History of changes since last sync: 2014-03-30 2014-03-30: normalize lccn identifiers; 2014-04-04: firstn/lastn mismatch; 2014-05-05: arXiv validation; No spaces in CitationClass values; 2014-05-11: limit reducetoinitials() to two initials for Vancouver system;

]]

local z = {

   error_categories = {};
   error_ids = {};
   message_tail = {};

}

-- Whether variable is set or not function is_set( var )

   return not (var == nil or var == );

end

-- First set variable or nil if none function first_set(...)

   local list = {...};
   for _, var in pairs(list) do
       if is_set( var ) then
           return var;
       end
   end

end

-- Whether needle is in haystack function inArray( needle, haystack )

   if needle == nil then
       return false;
   end
   for n,v in ipairs( haystack ) do
       if v == needle then
           return n;
       end
   end
   return false;

end

--[[ Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters. Because deprecated parameters (currently |day=, |month=, |coauthor=, and |coauthors=) aren't related to each other and because these parameters may be concatenated into the variables used by |date= and |author#= (and aliases) details of which parameter caused the error message are not provided. Only one error message is emitted regarless of the number of deprecated parameters in the citation. ]] function deprecated_parameter() if true ~= Page_in_deprecated_cat then -- if we haven't been here before then set a Page_in_deprecated_cat=true; -- sticky flag so that if there are more than one deprecated parameter the category is added only once -- table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'deprecated_params', {error_message}, true ) } ); -- add error message table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'deprecated_params', {}, true ) } ); -- add error message end end

-- Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table. function substitute( msg, args ) -- return args and tostring( mw.message.newRawMessage( msg, args ) ) or msg; return args and mw.message.newRawMessage( msg, args ):plain() or msg; end

--[[ Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the Module and a leading or trailing quote mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value. This function will positive kern either single or double quotes: "'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'" " 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' " (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example) ]] function kern_quotes (str) local left='%1'; -- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark local right='%1'; -- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark

if str:match ("^[\"\'][^\']") then str = string.gsub( str, "^[\"\']", left, 1 ); -- replace (captured) leading single or double quote with left-side end if str:match ("[^\'][\"\']$") then str = string.gsub( str, "[\"\']$", right, 1 ); -- replace (captured) trailing single or double quote with right-side end return str; end

-- Wraps a string using a message_list configuration taking one argument function wrap( key, str, lower )

   if not is_set( str ) then
       return "";
   elseif inArray( key, { 'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title' } ) then
       str = safeforitalics( str );
   end
   if lower == true then
       return substitute( cfg.messages[key]:lower(), {str} );
   else
       return substitute( cfg.messages[key], {str} );
   end        

end

--[[ Argument wrapper. This function provides support for argument mapping defined in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to single internal variable. ]] function argument_wrapper( args )

   local origin = {};
   
   return setmetatable({
       ORIGIN = function( self, k )
           local dummy = self[k]; --force the variable to be loaded.
           return origin[k];
       end
   },
   {
       __index = function ( tbl, k )
           if origin[k] ~= nil then
               return nil;
           end
           
           local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k];
           
           if type( list ) == 'table' then
               v, origin[k] = selectone( args, list, 'redundant_parameters' );
               if origin[k] == nil then
                   origin[k] = ; -- Empty string, not nil
               end
           elseif list ~= nil then
               v, origin[k] = args[list], list;
           else
               -- maybe let through instead of raising an error?
               -- v, origin[k] = args[k], k;
               error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] );
           end
           
           -- Empty strings, not nil;
           if v == nil then
               v = cfg.defaults[k] or ;
               origin[k] = ;
           end
           
           tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v );
           return v;
       end,
   });

end

--[[ Looks for a parameter's name in the whitelist.

Parameters in the whitelist can have three values: true - active, supported parameters false - deprecated, supported parameters nil - unsupported parameters ]] function validate( name ) local name = tostring( name ); local state = whitelist.basic_arguments[ name ];

-- Normal arguments if true == state then return true; end -- valid actively supported parameter if false == state then deprecated_parameter (); -- parameter is deprecated but still supported return true; end

-- Arguments with numbers in them name = name:gsub( "%d+", "#" ); -- replace digit(s) with # (last25 becomes last# state = whitelist.numbered_arguments[ name ]; if true == state then return true; end -- valid actively supported parameter if false == state then deprecated_parameter (); -- parameter is deprecated but still supported return true; end

return false; -- Not supported because not found or name is set to nil end

-- Formats a comment for error trapping function errorcomment( content, hidden )

   return wrap( hidden and 'hidden-error' or 'visible-error', content );

end

--[[ Sets an error condition and returns the appropriate error message. The actual placement of the error message in the output is the responsibility of the calling function. ]] function seterror( error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix )

   local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[ error_id ];
   
   prefix = prefix or "";
   suffix = suffix or "";
   
   if error_state == nil then
       error( cfg.messages['undefined_error'] );
   elseif is_set( error_state.category ) then
       table.insert( z.error_categories, error_state.category );
   end
   
   local message = substitute( error_state.message, arguments );
   
   message = message .. " ([[" .. cfg.messages['help page link'] .. 
       "#" .. error_state.anchor .. "|" ..
       cfg.messages['help page label'] .. "]])";
   
   z.error_ids[ error_id ] = true;
   if inArray( error_id, { 'bare_url_missing_title', 'trans_missing_title' } )
           and z.error_ids['citation_missing_title'] then
       return , false;
   end
   
   message = table.concat({ prefix, message, suffix });
   
   if raw == true then
       return message, error_state.hidden;
   end        
       
   return errorcomment( message, error_state.hidden );

end

-- Formats a wiki style external link function externallinkid(options)

   local url_string = options.id;
   if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then
       url_string = mw.uri.encode( url_string );
   end
   return mw.ustring.format( '%s%s[%s%s%s %s]',
       options.link, options.label, options.separator or " ",
       options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix or "",
       mw.text.nowiki(options.id)
   );

end

-- Formats a wiki style internal link function internallinkid(options)

   return mw.ustring.format( '%s%s%s',
       options.link, options.label, options.separator or " ",
       options.prefix, options.id, options.suffix or "",
       mw.text.nowiki(options.id)
   );

end

-- Format an external link with error checking function externallink( URL, label, source )

   local error_str = "";
   if not is_set( label ) then
       label = URL;
       if is_set( source ) then
           error_str = seterror( 'bare_url_missing_title', { wrap( 'parameter', source ) }, false, " " );
       else
           error( cfg.messages["bare_url_no_origin"] );
       end            
   end
   if not checkurl( URL ) then
       error_str = seterror( 'bad_url', {}, false, " " ) .. error_str;
   end
   return table.concat({ "[", URL, " ", safeforurl( label ), "]", error_str });

end

-- Formats a link to Amazon function amazon(id, domain)

   if not is_set(domain) then 
       domain = "com"
   elseif ( "jp" == domain or "uk" == domain ) then
       domain = "co." .. domain
   end
   local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ASIN'];
   return externallinkid({link = handler.link,
       label=handler.label , prefix="//www.amazon."..domain.."/dp/",id=id,
       encode=handler.encode, separator = handler.separator})

end

--[[ format and error check arXiv identifier. There are two valid forms of the identifier: the first form, valid only between date codes 9108 and 0703 is: arXiv:<archive>.<class>/<date code><number> where: <archive> is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation <class> is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation <date code> is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01 first digit of YY for this form can only 9 and 0 <number> is a three-digit number

the second form, valid from April 2007 is: arXiv:<date code>.<number><version> where: <date code> is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01 <number> is a four-digit number <version> is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces ]]

function arxiv (id) local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ARXIV']; local year, month, version; local err_cat = ""

year, month = id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/([90]%d)([01]%d)%d%d%d$"); -- test for the 9108-0703 format if not year then -- arXiv id is not proper 9108-0703 form year, month, version = id:match("^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d([v%d]*)$"); -- test for the 0704- format if not year then err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_arxiv' ); -- arXiv id doesn't match either format else -- id is the 0704- format year = tonumber(year); month = tonumber(month); if ((7 > year) or (1 > month and 12 < month)) or -- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years) ((7 == year) and (4 > month)) or -- when year is 07, is month invalid (before April)? is_set (version) and nil == version:match("v%d+") then -- is version proper format of single 'v' followed by digits? err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_arxiv' ); -- set error message end end else -- id is the 9108-0703 format; are the date values ok year = tonumber(year); month = tonumber(month); if ((91 > year and 7 < year) or (1 > month and 12 < month)) or -- if invalid year or invalid month ((91 == year and 8 > month) or (7 == year and 3 < month)) then -- if years ok, are starting and ending months ok? err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_arxiv' ); -- set error message end end

return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat; end

--[[ lccn normalization (http://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html#normalization) 1. Remove all blanks. 2. If there is a forward slash (/) in the string, remove it, and remove all characters to the right of the forward slash. 3. If there is a hyphen in the string: a. Remove it. b. Inspect the substring following (to the right of) the (removed) hyphen. Then (and assuming that steps 1 and 2 have been carried out): 1. All these characters should be digits, and there should be six or less. (not done in this function) 2. If the length of the substring is less than 6, left-fill the substring with zeros until the length is six.

Returns a normalized lccn for lccn() to validate. There is no error checking (step 3.b.1) performed in this function. ]]

function normalize_lccn (lccn) lccn = lccn:gsub ("%s", ""); -- 1. strip whitespace

if nil ~= string.find (lccn,'/') then lccn = lccn:match ("(.-)/"); -- 2. remove forward slash and all character to the right of it end

local prefix local suffix prefix, suffix = lccn:match ("(.+)%-(.+)"); -- 3.a remove hyphen by splitting the string into prefix and suffix

if nil ~= suffix then -- if there was a hyphen suffix=string.rep("0", 6-string.len (suffix)) .. suffix; -- 3.b.2 left fill the suffix with 0s if suffix length less than 6 lccn=prefix..suffix; -- reassemble the lccn end

return lccn; end

--[[ Format LCCN link and do simple error checking. LCCN is a character string 8-12 characters long. The length of the LCCN dictates the character type of the first 1-3 characters; the rightmost eight are always digits. http://info-uri.info/registry/OAIHandler?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=reg&identifier=info:lccn/

length = 8 then all digits length = 9 then lccn[1] is alpha length = 10 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both alpha or both digits length = 11 then lccn[1] is alpha, lccn[2] and lccn[3] are both alpha or both digits length = 12 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both alpha

]] function lccn(lccn) local handler = cfg.id_handlers['LCCN']; local err_cat = ; -- presume that LCCN is valid local id = lccn; -- local copy of the lccn

id = normalize_lccn (id); -- get canonical form (no whitespace, hyphens, forward slashes) local len = id:len(); -- get the length of the lccn

if 8 == len then if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- set an error message end elseif 9 == len then -- LCCN should be adddddddd if nil == id:match("%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- does it match our pattern? err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- set an error message end elseif 10 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddd or dddddddddd if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) ... if nil == id:match("^%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- ... see if it matches our pattern err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- no match, set an error message end end elseif 11 == len then -- LCCN should be aaadddddddd or adddddddddd if not (id:match("^%a%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") or id:match("^%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d")) then -- see if it matches one of our patterns err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- no match, set an error message end elseif 12 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddddd if not id:match("^%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- see if it matches our pattern err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- no match, set an error message end else err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- wrong length, set an error message end

if not is_set (err_cat) and nil ~= lccn:find ('%s') then err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- lccn contains a space, set an error message end

return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, prefix=handler.prefix,id=lccn,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat; end

--[[ Format PMID and do simple error checking. PMIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the PMID to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMIDs are issued. ]] function pmid(id) local test_limit = 30000000; -- update this value as PMIDs approach local handler = cfg.id_handlers['PMID']; local err_cat = ; -- presume that PMID is valid

if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if PMID has anything but digits err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmid' ); -- set an error message else -- PMID is only digits local id_num = tonumber(id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or test_limit < id_num then -- if PMID is outside test limit boundaries err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmid' ); -- set an error message end end

return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat; end

--[[ Determines if a PMC identifier's online version is embargoed. Compares the date in |embargo= against today's date. If embargo date is in the future, returns true; otherwse, returns false because the embargo has expired or |embargo= not set in this cite. ]] function is_embargoed(embargo) if is_set(embargo) then local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); local good1, embargo_date, good2, todays_date; good1, embargo_date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', embargo ); good2, todays_date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'U' );

if good1 and good2 and tonumber( embargo_date ) >= tonumber( todays_date ) then --is embargo date is in the future? return true; -- still embargoed end end return false; -- embargo expired or |embargo= not set end

--[[ Format a PMC, do simple error checking, and check for embargoed articles.

The embargo parameter takes a date for a value. If the embargo date is in the future the PMC identifier will not be linked to the article. If the embargo specifies a date in the past, or if it is empty or omitted, then the PMC identifier is linked to the article through the link at cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix.

PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the PMC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMCs are issued. ]] function pmc(id, embargo) local test_limit = 5000000; -- update this value as PMCs approach local handler = cfg.id_handlers['PMC']; local err_cat = ; -- presume that PMC is valid

local text;

if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if PMC has anything but digits err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmc' ); -- set an error message else -- PMC is only digits local id_num = tonumber(id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or test_limit < id_num then -- if PMC is outside test limit boundaries err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmc' ); -- set an error message end end

if is_embargoed(embargo) then text="" .. handler.label .. ":" .. handler.separator .. id .. err_cat; --still embargoed so no external link else text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, --no embargo date, ok to link to article prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat; end return text; end

-- Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors.

-- DOI names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash. -- Prefix: directory indicator '10.' followed by a registrant code -- Suffix: character string of any length chosen by the registrant

-- This function checks a DOI name for: prefix/suffix. If the doi name contains spaces or endashes, -- or, if it ends with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_doi error message.

-- DOI names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for spaces, endash, -- and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely if ever used in doi names.

function doi(id, inactive)

   local cat = ""
   local handler = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'];
   
   local text;

if is_set(inactive) then local inactive_year = inactive:match("%d%d%d%d") or ; -- try to get the year portion from the inactive date text = "" .. handler.label .. ":" .. id; if is_set(inactive_year) then table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with DOIs inactive since " .. inactive_year ); else table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with inactive DOIs" ); -- when inactive doesn't contain a recognizable year end inactive = " (" .. cfg.messages['inactive'] .. " " .. inactive .. ")" else text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) inactive = "" end

if nil == id:match("^10%.[^%s–]-/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$") then -- doi must begin with '10.', must contain a fwd slash, must not contain spaces or endashes, and must not end with period or comma cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_doi' ); end return text .. inactive .. cat end

-- Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors. function openlibrary(id)

   local code = id:sub(-1,-1)
   local handler = cfg.id_handlers['OL'];
   if ( code == "A" ) then
       return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
           prefix="http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator,
           encode = handler.encode})
   elseif ( code == "M" ) then
       return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
           prefix="http://openlibrary.org/books/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator,
           encode = handler.encode})
   elseif ( code == "W" ) then
       return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
           prefix= "http://openlibrary.org/works/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator,
           encode = handler.encode})
   else
       return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label,
           prefix= "http://openlibrary.org/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator,
           encode = handler.encode}) .. 
           ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_ol' );
   end

end

--[[ Validate and format an issn. This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but has separated the two groups of four digits with a space. When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked like this:

|issn=0819 4327 gives: 4327 0819 4327 -- can't have spaces in an external link

This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the issn midpoint. It also validates the issn for length and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees with the calculated value. Incorrect length (8 digits), characters other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check issn error message. The issn is always displayed with a hyphen, even if the issn was given as a single group of 8 digits. ]] function issn(id) local issn_copy = id; -- save a copy of unadulterated issn; use this version for display if issn does not validate local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ISSN']; local text; local valid_issn = true;

id=id:gsub( "[%s-–]", "" ); -- strip spaces, hyphens, and ndashes from the issn

if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match( "^%d*X?$" ) then -- validate the issn: 8 digits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position valid_issn=false; -- wrong length or improper character else valid_issn=is_valid_isxn(id, 8); -- validate issn end

if true == valid_issn then id = string.sub( id, 1, 4 ) .. "-" .. string.sub( id, 5 ); -- if valid, display correctly formatted version else id = issn_copy; -- if not valid, use the show the invalid issn with error message end

text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode})

if false == valid_issn then text = text .. ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_issn' ) -- add an error message if the issn is invalid end

return text end

--[[ This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including |type=<default value>) for those citations that have defaults. Also handles the special case where it is desireable to omit the title type from the rendered citation (|type=none). ]] function set_titletype(cite_class, title_type) if is_set(title_type) then if "none" == title_type then title_type = ""; -- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed end return title_type; -- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value end

if "AV-media-notes" == cite_class or "DVD-notes" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite AV media notes or cite DVD notes return "Media notes"; -- display AV media notes / DVD media notes annotation

elseif "podcast" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite podcast return "Podcast"; -- display podcast annotation

elseif "pressrelease" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite press release return "Press release"; -- display press release annotation

elseif "techreport" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite techreport return "Technical report"; -- display techreport annotation

elseif "thesis" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite thesis (degree option handled after this function returns) return "Thesis"; -- display simple thesis annotation (without |degree= modification) end end

--[[ Determines whether a URL string is valid

At present the only check is whether the string appears to be prefixed with a URI scheme. It is not determined whether the URI scheme is valid or whether the URL is otherwise well formed. ]] function checkurl( url_str )

   -- Protocol-relative or URL scheme
   return url_str:sub(1,2) == "//" or url_str:match( "^[^/]*:" ) ~= nil;

end

-- Removes irrelevant text and dashes from ISBN number -- Similar to that used for Special:BookSources function cleanisbn( isbn_str )

   return isbn_str:gsub( "[^-0-9X]", "" );

end

-- Extract page numbers from external wikilinks in any of the |page=, |pages=, or |at= parameters for use in COinS. --TODO: Fix so this code supports urls like this: -- http://www.history.navy.mil/download/va125153.pdf#page=13 %w/:\. function get_coins_pages (pages) if not is_set (pages) then return pages; end -- if no page numbers then we're done

   while true do

pattern = pages:match("%[(%w*:?//[^ ]+%s+)[%w%d].*%]"); -- pattern is the opening bracket, the url and following space(s): "[url " if nil == pattern then break; end -- no more urls pages = pages:gsub(pattern, ""); -- remove as many instances of pattern as possible end pages = pages:gsub("[%[%]]", ""); -- remove the brackets pages = pages:gsub("–", "-" ); -- replace endashes with hyphens pages = pages:gsub("&%w+;", "-" ); -- and replace html entities (– etc) with hyphens; do we need to replace numerical entities like and the like? return pages; end

--[[ ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all isbn/issn digits including the check digit. ISBN-13 is checked in checkisbn(). If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, issbn/issn must be checked for length and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-isxn characters. ]] function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len) local temp = 0; isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) }; -- make a table of bytes len = len+1; -- adjust to be a loop counter for i, v in ipairs( isxn_str ) do -- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum if v == string.byte( "X" ) then -- if checkdigit is X temp = temp + 10*( len - i ); -- it represents 10 decimal else temp = temp + tonumber( string.char(v) )*(len-i); end end return temp % 11 == 0; -- returns true if calculation result is zero end

-- Determines whether an ISBN string is valid function checkisbn( isbn_str ) if nil ~= isbn_str:match("[^%s-0-9X]") then return false; end -- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X isbn_str = isbn_str:gsub( "-", "" ):gsub( " ", "" ); -- remove hyphens and spaces local len = isbn_str:len();

if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then return false; end

if len == 10 then if isbn_str:match( "^%d*X?$" ) == nil then return false; end return is_valid_isxn(isbn_str, 10); else local temp = 0; if isbn_str:match( "^97[89]%d*$" ) == nil then return false; end -- isbn13 begins with 978 or 979 isbn_str = { isbn_str:byte(1, len) }; for i, v in ipairs( isbn_str ) do temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber( string.char(v) ); end return temp % 10 == 0; end end

-- Gets the display text for a wikilink like B or B gives B function removewikilink( str )

   return (str:gsub( "%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]", function(l)
       return l:gsub( "^[^|]*|(.*)$", "%1" ):gsub("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1");
   end));

end

-- Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions function safeforurl( str )

   if str:match( "%[%[.-%]%]" ) ~= nil then 
       table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'wikilink_in_url', {}, true ) } );
   end
   
   return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {    
       ['['] = '[',
       [']'] = ']',
       ['\n'] = ' ' } );

end

-- Converts a hyphen to a dash function hyphentodash( str )

   if not is_set(str) or str:match( "[%[%]{}<>]" ) ~= nil then
       return str;
   end    
   return str:gsub( '-', '–' );

end

-- Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup ... function safeforitalics( str )

   --[[ Note: We can not use  for italics, as the expected behavior for
   italics specified by ... in the title is that they will be inverted
   (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references.  In addition,  and 
   tend to interact poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy. ]]
   
   if not is_set(str) then
       return str;
   else
       if str:sub(1,1) == "'" then str = "" .. str; end
       if str:sub(-1,-1) == "'" then str = str .. ""; end
       
       -- Remove newlines as they break italics.
       return str:gsub( '\n', ' ' );
   end

end

--[[ Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.

TODO: safejoin() has a flaw where it won't remove the duplicate character from a |title= / |url= combination. This is because by the time we get here, |title=http://somesite.com and |title=Document Title. have been combined: and Document Title. so that now, the last character is not sepc but is ] (unless sepc == ']' which breaks the external link) ]] function safejoin( tbl, duplicate_char )

   --[[
   Note: we use string functions here, rather than ustring functions.
   
   This has considerably faster performance and should work correctly as 
   long as the duplicate_char is strict ASCII.  The strings
   in tbl may be ASCII or UTF8.
   ]]
   
   local str = ;
   local comp = ;
   local end_chr = ;
   local trim;
   for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
       if value == nil then value = ; end
       
       if str ==  then
           str = value;
       elseif value ~=  then
           if value:sub(1,1) == '<' then
               -- Special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
               comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" );
           else
               comp = value;
           end
           
           if comp:sub(1,1) == duplicate_char then
               trim = false;
               end_chr = str:sub(-1,-1);
               -- str = str .. "<HERE(enchr=" .. end_chr.. ")"
               if end_chr == duplicate_char then
                   str = str:sub(1,-2);
               elseif end_chr == "'" then
                   if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "" then
                       str = str:sub(1, -4) .. "";
                   elseif str:sub(-5,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then
                       trim = true;
                   elseif str:sub(-4,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then
                       trim = true;
                   end
               elseif end_chr == "]" then
                   if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then
                       trim = true;
                   elseif str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then
                       trim = true;
                   end
               elseif end_chr == " " then
                   if str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. " " then
                       str = str:sub(1,-3);
                   end
               end
               if trim then
                   if value ~= comp then 
                       local dup2 = duplicate_char;
                       if dup2:match( "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end
                       
                       value = value:gsub( "(%b<>)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 )
                   else
                       value = value:sub( 2, -1 );
                   end
               end
           end
           str = str .. value;
       end
   end
   return str;

end

-- Attempts to convert names to initials. function reducetoinitials(first) local initials = {} local i = 0; -- counter for number of initials for word in string.gmatch(first, "%S+") do table.insert(initials, string.sub(word,1,1)) -- Vancouver format does not include full stops. i = i + 1; -- bump the counter if 2 <= i then break; end -- only two initials allowed in Vancouver system; if 2, quit end return table.concat(initials) -- Vancouver format does not include spaces. end

-- Formats a list of people (e.g. authors / editors) function listpeople(control, people)

   local sep = control.sep;
   local namesep = control.namesep
   local format = control.format
   local maximum = control.maximum
   local lastauthoramp = control.lastauthoramp;
   local text = {}
   local etal = false;
   
   if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end
   if maximum ~= nil and maximum < 1 then return "", 0; end
   
   for i,person in ipairs(people) do
       if is_set(person.last) then
           local mask = person.mask
           local one
           local sep_one = sep;
           if maximum ~= nil and i > maximum then
               etal = true;
               break;
           elseif (mask ~= nil) then
               local n = tonumber(mask)
               if (n ~= nil) then
                   one = string.rep("—",n)
               else
                   one = mask;
                   sep_one = " ";
               end
           else
               one = person.last
               local first = person.first
               if is_set(first) then 
                   if ( "vanc" == format ) then first = reducetoinitials(first) end
                   one = one .. namesep .. first 
               end
               if is_set(person.link) then one = "" .. one .. "" end
               if is_set(person.link) and nil ~= person.link:find("//") then one = one .. " " .. seterror( 'bad_authorlink' ) end	-- check for url in author link;
           end
           table.insert( text, one )
           table.insert( text, sep_one )
       end
   end
   local count = #text / 2;
   if count > 0 then 
       if count > 1 and is_set(lastauthoramp) and not etal then
           text[#text-2] = " & ";
       end
       text[#text] = nil; 
   end
   
   local result = table.concat(text) -- construct list
   if etal then 
       local etal_text = cfg.messages['et al'];
       result = result .. " " .. etal_text;
   end
   
   -- if necessary wrap result in  tag to format in Small Caps
   if ( "scap" == format ) then result = 
       '' .. result .. '';
   end 
   return result, count

end

-- Generates a CITEREF anchor ID. function anchorid( options )

   return "CITEREF" .. table.concat( options );

end

--[[ Gets name list from the input arguments

Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters (or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts: found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the search is done.

This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching |lastn=. When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3= are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not required ot have a matching |firstn=. ]] function extractnames(args, list_name) local names = {}; -- table of names local i = 1; -- loop counter/indexer local count = 0; -- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors)

local err_msg_list_name = list_name:match ("(%w+)List") .. 's list'; -- modify AuthorList or EditorList for use in error messages if necessary

   while true do
       names[i] =				-- search through args for name components beginning at 1
       	{

last = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'redundant_parameters', i ), first = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'redundant_parameters', i ), link = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'redundant_parameters', i ), mask = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'redundant_parameters', i ) }; if names[i].first and not names[i].last then -- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn names[i].first = nil; -- set first to nil so we don't confuse the implict et al message code table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'first_missing_last', {err_msg_list_name, i}, true ) } ); -- add this error message break; -- and done because lastn not found elseif not names[i].first and not names[i].last then -- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done? count = count + 1; -- number of times we haven't found last and first if 2 == count then -- two missing names and we give up break; -- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which end else -- last with or without a first if 1 == count then -- if the previous name was missing table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'missing_name', {err_msg_list_name, i-1}, true ) } ); -- add this error message end count = 0; -- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names end

i = i + 1; -- bump to the next name end return names; -- all done, return our list of names end

-- Populates ID table from arguments using configuration settings function extractids( args )

   local id_list = {};
   for k, v in pairs( cfg.id_handlers ) do    
       v = selectone( args, v.parameters, 'redundant_parameters' );
       if is_set(v) then id_list[k] = v; end
   end
   return id_list;

end

-- Takes a table of IDs and turns it into a table of formatted ID outputs. function buildidlist( id_list, options )

   local new_list, handler = {};
   
   function fallback(k) return { __index = function(t,i) return cfg.id_handlers[k][i] end } end;
   
   for k, v in pairs( id_list ) do
       -- fallback to read-only cfg
       handler = setmetatable( { ['id'] = v }, fallback(k) );
       
       if handler.mode == 'external' then
           table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, externallinkid( handler ) } );
       elseif handler.mode == 'internal' then
           table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, internallinkid( handler ) } );
       elseif handler.mode ~= 'manual' then
           error( cfg.messages['unknown_ID_mode'] );
       elseif k == 'DOI' then
           table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, doi( v, options.DoiBroken ) } );
       elseif k == 'ARXIV' then
           table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, arxiv( v ) } ); 
       elseif k == 'ASIN' then
           table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, amazon( v, options.ASINTLD ) } ); 
       elseif k == 'LCCN' then
           table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, lccn( v ) } );
       elseif k == 'OL' then
           table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, openlibrary( v ) } );
       elseif k == 'PMC' then
           table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, pmc( v, options.Embargo ) } );
       elseif k == 'PMID' then
           table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, pmid( v ) } );
       elseif k == 'ISSN' then
       	table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, issn( v ) } );
       elseif k == 'ISBN' then
           local ISBN = internallinkid( handler );
           if not checkisbn( v ) and not is_set(options.IgnoreISBN) then
               ISBN = ISBN .. seterror( 'bad_isbn', {}, false, " ", "" );
           end
           table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, ISBN } );                
       else
           error( cfg.messages['unknown_manual_ID'] );
       end
   end
   
   function comp( a, b )	-- used in following table.sort()
       return a[1] < b[1];
   end
   
   table.sort( new_list, comp );
   for k, v in ipairs( new_list ) do
       new_list[k] = v[2];
   end
   
   return new_list;

end

-- Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider -- Generates an error if more than one match is present. function selectone( args, possible, error_condition, index )

   local value = nil;
   local selected = ;
   local error_list = {};
   
   if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end
   
   -- Handle special case of "#" replaced by empty string
   if index == '1' then
       for _, v in ipairs( possible ) do
           v = v:gsub( "#", "" );
           if is_set(args[v]) then
               if value ~= nil and selected ~= v then
                   table.insert( error_list, v );
               else
                   value = args[v];
                   selected = v;
               end
           end
       end        
   end
   
   for _, v in ipairs( possible ) do
       if index ~= nil then
           v = v:gsub( "#", index );
       end
       if is_set(args[v]) then
           if value ~= nil and selected ~=  v then
               table.insert( error_list, v );
           else
               value = args[v];
               selected = v;
           end
       end
   end
   
   if #error_list > 0 then
       local error_str = "";
       for _, k in ipairs( error_list ) do
           if error_str ~= "" then error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-separator'] end
           error_str = error_str .. wrap( 'parameter', k );
       end
       if #error_list > 1 then
           error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-final-separator'];
       else
           error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-pair-separator'];
       end
       error_str = error_str .. wrap( 'parameter', selected );
       table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( error_condition, {error_str}, true ) } );
   end
   
   return value, selected;

end

-- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) allows automated tools to parse -- the citation information. function COinS(data)

   if 'table' ~= type(data) or nil == next(data) then
       return ;
   end
   
   local ctx_ver = "Z39.88-2004";
   
   -- treat table strictly as an array with only set values.
   local OCinSoutput = setmetatable( {}, {
       __newindex = function(self, key, value)
           if is_set(value) then
               rawset( self, #self+1, table.concat{ key, '=', mw.uri.encode( removewikilink( value ) ) } );
           end
       end
   });
   
   if is_set(data.Chapter) then
       OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book";
       OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "bookitem";
       OCinSoutput["rft.btitle"] = data.Chapter;
       OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Title;
   elseif is_set(data.Periodical) then
       OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal";
       OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "article";
       OCinSoutput["rft.jtitle"] = data.Periodical;
       OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Title;
   else
       OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book";
       OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "book"
       OCinSoutput["rft.btitle"] = data.Title;
   end
   
   OCinSoutput["rft.place"] = data.PublicationPlace;
   OCinSoutput["rft.date"] = data.Date;
   OCinSoutput["rft.series"] = data.Series;
   OCinSoutput["rft.volume"] = data.Volume;
   OCinSoutput["rft.issue"] = data.Issue;
   OCinSoutput["rft.pages"] = data.Pages;
   OCinSoutput["rft.edition"] = data.Edition;
   OCinSoutput["rft.pub"] = data.PublisherName;
   
   for k, v in pairs( data.ID_list ) do
       local id, value = cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS;
       if k == 'ISBN' then value = cleanisbn( v ); else value = v; end
       if string.sub( id or "", 1, 4 ) == 'info' then
           OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat{ id, "/", v };
       else
           OCinSoutput[ id ] = value;
       end
   end
   
   local last, first;
   for k, v in ipairs( data.Authors ) do
       last, first = v.last, v.first;
       if k == 1 then
           if is_set(last) then
               OCinSoutput["rft.aulast"] = last;
           end
           if is_set(first) then 
               OCinSoutput["rft.aufirst"] = first;
           end
       end
       if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then
           OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = table.concat{ last, ", ", first };
       elseif is_set(last) then
           OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = last;
       end
   end
   
   OCinSoutput.rft_id = data.URL;
   OCinSoutput.rfr_id = table.concat{ "info:sid/", mw.site.server:match( "[^/]*$" ), ":", data.RawPage };
   OCinSoutput = setmetatable( OCinSoutput, nil );
   
   -- sort with version string always first, and combine.
   table.sort( OCinSoutput );
   table.insert( OCinSoutput, 1, "ctx_ver=" .. ctx_ver );  -- such as "Z39.88-2004"
   return table.concat(OCinSoutput, "&");

end

--[[ This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting. ]] function citation0( config, args)

   --[[ 
   Load Input Parameters
   The argment_wrapper facillitates the mapping of multiple
   aliases to single internal variable.
   ]]
   local A = argument_wrapper( args );
   local i 
   local PPrefix = A['PPrefix']
   local PPPrefix = A['PPPrefix']
   if is_set( A['NoPP'] ) then PPPrefix = "" PPrefix = "" end
   
   -- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
   -- define different field names for the same underlying things.    
   local Authors = A['Authors'];
   local a = extractnames( args, 'AuthorList' );
   local Coauthors = A['Coauthors'];
   local Others = A['Others'];
   local Editors = A['Editors'];
   local e = extractnames( args, 'EditorList' );
   local Year = A['Year'];
   local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate'];
   local OrigYear = A['OrigYear'];
   local Date = A['Date'];
   local LayDate = A['LayDate'];
   ------------------------------------------------- Get title data
   local Title = A['Title'];
   local BookTitle = A['BookTitle'];
   local Conference = A['Conference'];
   local TransTitle = A['TransTitle'];
   local TitleNote = A['TitleNote'];
   local TitleLink = A['TitleLink'];
   local Chapter = A['Chapter'];
   local ChapterLink = A['ChapterLink'];
   local TransChapter = A['TransChapter'];
   local TitleType = A['TitleType'];
   local Degree = A['Degree'];
   local Docket = A['Docket'];
   local ArchiveURL = A['ArchiveURL'];
   local URL = A['URL']
   local URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('URL');
   local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL'];
   local ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');
   local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL'];
   local ConferenceURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');
   local Periodical = A['Periodical'];

local Series = A['Series'];

   local Volume = A['Volume'];
   local Issue = A['Issue'];
   local Position = ;
   local Page = A['Page'];
   local Pages = hyphentodash( A['Pages'] );	
   local At = A['At'];
   local Edition = A['Edition'];
   local PublicationPlace = A['PublicationPlace']
   local Place = A['Place'];
   
   local PublisherName = A['PublisherName'];
   local RegistrationRequired = A['RegistrationRequired'];
   local SubscriptionRequired = A['SubscriptionRequired'];
   local Via = A['Via'];
   local AccessDate = A['AccessDate'];
   local ArchiveDate = A['ArchiveDate'];
   local Agency = A['Agency'];
   local DeadURL = A['DeadURL']
   local Language = A['Language'];
   local Format = A['Format'];
   local Ref = A['Ref'];

local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken']; local ID = A['ID'];

   local ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'];
   local IgnoreISBN = A['IgnoreISBN'];
   local Embargo = A['Embargo'];
   local ID_list = extractids( args );
   
   -- special case for cite newsgroup which uses |id= for a usenet article or post id
   -- |id= is not included in COinS so here we convert it to an ID that will be included in COinS
   if ('newsgroup' == config.CitationClass) and (is_set (ID)) then
   	ID_list['USENETID']=ID;			-- add this new 'id' to the list of IDs
   	ID = ;						-- and unset
   end
   
   local Quote = A['Quote'];
   local PostScript = A['PostScript'];
   local LayURL = A['LayURL'];
   local LaySource = A['LaySource'];
   local Transcript = A['Transcript'];
   local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL'] 
   local TranscriptURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');
   local sepc = A['Separator'];
   local LastAuthorAmp = A['LastAuthorAmp'];
   local no_tracking_cats = A['NoTracking'];

--these are used by cite interview local Callsign = A['Callsign']; local City = A['City']; local Cointerviewers = A['Cointerviewers']; -- deprecated local Interviewer = A['Interviewer']; -- deprecated local Program = A['Program'];

--local variables that are not cs1 parameters

   local page_type;									-- is this needed?  Doesn't appear to be used anywhere;
   local use_lowercase = ( sepc ~= '.' );
   local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();		--Also used for COinS and for language

local anchor_year; -- used in the CITEREF identifier local COinS_date; -- used in the COinS metadata

-- Set postscript default. if not is_set (PostScript) then -- if |postscript= has not been set (Postscript is nil which is the default for Template:Citation) and if (config.CitationClass ~= "citation") then -- this template is not a citation template PostScript = '.'; -- must be a cite xxx template so set postscript to default (period) end else if PostScript:lower() == 'none' then -- if |postscript=none then PostScript = ; -- no postscript end end

--check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories. if not is_set(no_tracking_cats) then -- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page for k, v in pairs( cfg.uncategorized_namespaces ) do -- otherwise, spin through the list of namespaces we don't include in error categories if this_page.nsText == v then -- if we find one no_tracking_cats = "true"; -- set no_trackin_cats break; -- and we're done

           end
       end
   end

-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters.

   if is_set(Page) then
       if is_set(Pages) or is_set(At) then
           Page = Page .. " " .. seterror('extra_pages');	-- add error message
           Pages = ;										-- unset the others
           At = ;
       end
   elseif is_set(Pages) then
       if is_set(At) then
           Pages = Pages .. " " .. seterror('extra_pages');	-- add error messages
           At = ;											-- unset
       end
   end    

-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different

   if not is_set(PublicationPlace) and is_set(Place) then
       PublicationPlace = Place;							-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place
   end
   
   if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ; end		-- don't need both if they are the same
   

--[[ Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia: When the citation has these parameters: |encyclopedia and |title then map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title |encyclopedia and |article then map |encyclopedia to |title |encyclopedia then map |encyclopedia to |title

|trans_title maps to |trans_chapter when |title is re-mapped

All other combinations of |encyclopedia, |title, and |article are not modified ]] if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then if is_set(Periodical) then -- Periodical is set when |encyclopedia is set if is_set(Title) then if not is_set(Chapter) then Chapter = Title; -- |encyclopedia and |title are set so map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title TransChapter = TransTitle; Title = Periodical; Periodical = ; -- redundant so unset TransTitle = ; -- redundant so unset end else -- |title not set Title = Periodical; -- |encyclopedia set and |article set or not set so map |encyclopedia to |title Periodical = ; -- redundant so unset end end end

--special cases for citation. if (config.CitationClass == "citation") then -- for citation templates if not is_set (Ref) then -- if |ref= is not set Ref = "harv"; -- set default |ref=harv end if not is_set (sepc) then -- if |separator= is not set sepc = ','; -- set citation separator to its default (comma) end else -- not a citation template if not is_set (sepc) then -- if |separator= has not been set sepc = '.'; -- set cite xxx separator to its default (period) end end

-- check for special case where |separator=none if 'none' == sepc:lower() then -- if |separator=none sepc = ; -- then set it to a empty string end

-- Special case for cite techreport. if (config.CitationClass == "techreport") then -- special case for cite techreport if is_set(Issue) then -- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations aliase to 'issue' if not is_set(ID) then -- can we use ID for the "number"? ID = Issue; -- yes, use it Issue = ""; -- unset Issue so that "number" isn't duplicated in the rendered citation or COinS metadata else -- can't use ID so emit error message ID = ID .. " " .. seterror('redundant_parameters', '|id= and |number='); end end end

-- special case for cite interview if (config.CitationClass == "interview") then if is_set(Program) then ID = ' ' .. Program; end if is_set(Callsign) then if is_set(ID) then ID = ID .. sepc .. ' ' .. Callsign; else ID = ' ' .. Callsign; end end if is_set(City) then if is_set(ID) then ID = ID .. sepc .. ' ' .. City; else ID = ' ' .. City; end end

if is_set(Interviewer) then if is_set(TitleType) then Others = ' ' .. TitleType .. ' with ' .. Interviewer; TitleType = ; else Others = ' ' .. 'Interview with ' .. Interviewer; end if is_set(Cointerviewers) then Others = Others .. sepc .. ' ' .. Cointerviewers; end else Others = '(Interview)'; end end

--Account for the oddity that is Empty citation (help)  with |pmc= set and |url= not set if config.CitationClass == "journal" and not is_set(URL) and is_set(ID_list['PMC']) then if not is_embargoed(Embargo) then URL=cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix .. ID_list['PMC']; -- set url to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed URLorigin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1]; -- set URLorigin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= end end

-- Account for the oddity that is Empty citation (help) , before generation of COinS data. --TODO: if this is only for Empty citation (help) , shouldn't we be checking? (if config.CitationClass=='conference' then ...) if is_set(BookTitle) then Chapter = Title; ChapterLink = TitleLink; TransChapter = TransTitle; Title = BookTitle; TitleLink = ; TransTitle = ; end

-- Account for the oddity that is Template:Cite episode, before generation of COinS data. --[[ -- Template:Cite episode is not currently supported by this module if config.CitationClass == "episode" then local AirDate = A['AirDate']; local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink']; local Season = A['Season']; local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber']; local Network = A['Network']; local Station = A['Station']; local s, n = {}, {}; local Sep = (first_set(A["SeriesSeparator"], A["Separator"]) or "") .. " ";

if is_set(Issue) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages["episode"] .. " " .. Issue); Issue = ; end if is_set(Season) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages["season"] .. " " .. Season); end if is_set(SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages["series"] .. " " .. SeriesNumber); end if is_set(Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end if is_set(Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end

Date = Date or AirDate; Chapter = Title; ChapterLink = TitleLink; TransChapter = TransTitle; Title = Series; TitleLink = SeriesLink; TransTitle = ;

Series = table.concat(s, Sep); ID = table.concat(n, Sep); end -- end of Template:Cite episode stuff]]

-- legacy: promote concatenation of |day=, |month=, and |year= to Date if Date not set; or, promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set. if not is_set(Date) then Date = Year; -- promote Year to Date Year = nil; -- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF if is_set(Date) then local Month = A['Month']; if is_set(Month) then Date = Month .. " " .. Date; local Day = A['Day'] if is_set(Day) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end end elseif is_set(PublicationDate) then -- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set Date = PublicationDate; -- promonte PublicationDate to Date PublicationDate = ; -- unset, no longer needed end end

if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ; end -- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation


--[[ Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where we get the date used in the metadata.

Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation ]] anchor_year, COinS_date, error_message = dates({['accessdate']=AccessDate, ['airdate']=AirDate, ['archivedate']=ArchiveDate, ['date']=Date, ['doi_brokendate']=DoiBroken, ['embargo']=Embargo, ['laydate']=LayDate, ['publicationdate']=PublicationDate, ['year']=Year}); if is_set(error_message) then table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'bad_date', {error_message}, true ) } ); -- add this error message end

-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use. We can use that fact.

   -- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) for
   -- automated parsing of citation information.
   local OCinSoutput = COinS{
       ['Periodical'] = Periodical,
       ['Chapter'] = Chapter,
       ['Title'] = Title,
       ['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace,
       ['Date'] = first_set(COinS_date, Date),		-- COinS_date has correctly formatted date if Date is valid; any reason to keep Date here?  Should we be including invalid dates in metadata?
       ['Series'] = Series,
       ['Volume'] = Volume,
       ['Issue'] = Issue,
       ['Pages'] = get_coins_pages (first_set(Page, Pages, At)),	-- pages stripped of external links
       ['Edition'] = Edition,
       ['PublisherName'] = PublisherName,
       ['URL'] = first_set( URL, ChapterURL ),
       ['Authors'] = a,
       ['ID_list'] = ID_list,
       ['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText,
   };
   if is_set(Periodical) and not is_set(Chapter) and is_set(Title) then
       Chapter = Title;
       ChapterLink = TitleLink;
       TransChapter = TransTitle;
       Title = ;
       TitleLink = ;
       TransTitle = ;
   end

-- special case for cite newsgroup. Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername and ID if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then if is_set (PublisherName) then PublisherName = 'Newsgroup: ' .. externallink( 'news:' .. PublisherName, PublisherName ); end end


   -- Now perform various field substitutions.
   -- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the
   -- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
   if not is_set(Authors) then
       local Maximum = tonumber( A['DisplayAuthors'] );
       
       -- Preserve old-style implicit et al.
       if not is_set(Maximum) and #a == 9 then 
           Maximum = 8;
           table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('implict_etal_author', {}, true ) } );
       elseif not is_set(Maximum) then
           Maximum = #a + 1;
       end
           
       local control = { 
           sep = A["AuthorSeparator"] .. " ",
           namesep = (first_set(A["AuthorNameSeparator"], A["NameSeparator"]) or "") .. " ",
           format = A["AuthorFormat"],
           maximum = Maximum,
           lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp
       };
       
       -- If the coauthor field is also used, prevent ampersand and et al. formatting.
       if is_set(Coauthors) then
           control.lastauthoramp = nil;
           control.maximum = #a + 1;
       end
       
       Authors = listpeople(control, a) 
   end

if not is_set(Authors) and is_set(Coauthors) then -- coauthors aren't displayed if one of authors=, authorn=, or lastn= isn't specified table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('coauthors_missing_author', {}, true) } ); -- emit error message end

   local EditorCount
   if not is_set(Editors) then
       local Maximum = tonumber( A['DisplayEditors'] );
       -- Preserve old-style implicit et al.
       if not is_set(Maximum) and #e == 4 then 
           Maximum = 3;
           table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('implict_etal_editor', {}, true) } );
       elseif not is_set(Maximum) then
           Maximum = #e + 1;
       end
       local control = { 
           sep = A["EditorSeparator"] .. " ",
           namesep = (first_set(A["EditorNameSeparator"], A["NameSeparator"]) or "") .. " ",
           format = A['EditorFormat'],
           maximum = Maximum,
           lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp
       };
       Editors, EditorCount = listpeople(control, e);
   else
       EditorCount = 1;
   end
   local Cartography = "";
   local Scale = "";
   if config.CitationClass == "map" then
       if not is_set( Authors ) and is_set( PublisherName ) then
           Authors = PublisherName;
           PublisherName = "";
       end
       Cartography = A['Cartography'];
       if is_set( Cartography ) then
           Cartography = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase );
       end        
       Scale = A['Scale'];
       if is_set( Scale ) then
           Scale = sepc .. " " .. Scale;
       end        
   end
   
   if  not is_set(URL) and
       not is_set(ChapterURL) and
       not is_set(ArchiveURL) and
       not is_set(ConferenceURL) and
       not is_set(TranscriptURL) then
       
       -- Test if cite web or cite podcast |url= is missing or empty 

if inArray(config.CitationClass, {"web","podcast"}) then table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'cite_web_url', {}, true ) } ); end

       -- Test if accessdate is given without giving a URL
       if is_set(AccessDate) then
           table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'accessdate_missing_url', {}, true ) } );
           AccessDate = ;
       end
       
       -- Test if format is given without giving a URL
       if is_set(Format) then
           Format = Format .. seterror( 'format_missing_url' );
       end
   end
   
   -- Test if citation has no title
   if  not is_set(Chapter) and
       not is_set(Title) and
       not is_set(Periodical) and
       not is_set(Conference) and
       not is_set(TransTitle) and
       not is_set(TransChapter) then
       table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'citation_missing_title', {}, true ) } );
   end
   
   Format = is_set(Format) and " (" .. Format .. ")" or "";
   
   local OriginalURL = URL
   DeadURL = DeadURL:lower();
   if is_set( ArchiveURL ) then
       if ( DeadURL ~= "no" ) then
           URL = ArchiveURL
           URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')
       end
   end
   
   -- Format chapter / article title
   if is_set(Chapter) and is_set(ChapterLink) then 
       Chapter = "" .. Chapter .. "";
   end
   if is_set(Periodical) and is_set(Title) then
       Chapter = wrap( 'italic-title', Chapter );
       TransChapter = wrap( 'trans-italic-title', TransChapter );
   else

Chapter = kern_quotes (Chapter); -- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks

       Chapter = wrap( 'quoted-title', Chapter );
       TransChapter = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransChapter );
   end
   
   local TransError = ""
   if is_set(TransChapter) then
       if not is_set(Chapter) then
           TransError = " " .. seterror( 'trans_missing_chapter' );
       else
           TransChapter = " " .. TransChapter;
       end
   end
   
   Chapter = Chapter .. TransChapter;
   
   if is_set(Chapter) then
       if not is_set(ChapterLink) then
           if is_set(ChapterURL) then
               Chapter = externallink( ChapterURL, Chapter ) .. TransError;
               if not is_set(URL) then
                   Chapter = Chapter .. Format;
                   Format = "";
               end
           elseif is_set(URL) then 
               Chapter = externallink( URL, Chapter ) .. TransError .. Format;
               URL = "";
               Format = "";
           else
               Chapter = Chapter .. TransError;
           end            
       elseif is_set(ChapterURL) then
           Chapter = Chapter .. " " .. externallink( ChapterURL, nil, ChapterURLorigin ) .. 
               TransError;
       else
           Chapter = Chapter .. TransError;
       end
       Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. " " -- with end-space
   elseif is_set(ChapterURL) then
       Chapter = " " .. externallink( ChapterURL, nil, ChapterURLorigin ) .. sepc .. " ";
   end        
   
   -- Format main title.
   if is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(Title) then
       Title = "" .. Title .. ""
   end
   
   if is_set(Periodical) then

Title = kern_quotes (Title); -- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks

       Title = wrap( 'quoted-title', Title );
       TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
   elseif inArray(config.CitationClass, {"web","news","pressrelease","conference","podcast","newsgroup"}) and
           not is_set(Chapter) then

Title = kern_quotes (Title); -- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks

       Title = wrap( 'quoted-title', Title );
       TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
   else
       Title = wrap( 'italic-title', Title );
       TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-italic-title', TransTitle );
   end
   
   TransError = "";
   if is_set(TransTitle) then
       if not is_set(Title) then
           TransError = " " .. seterror( 'trans_missing_title' );
       else
           TransTitle = " " .. TransTitle;
       end
   end
   
   Title = Title .. TransTitle;
   
   if is_set(Title) then
       if not is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(URL) then 
           Title = externallink( URL, Title ) .. TransError .. Format       
           URL = "";
           Format = "";
       else
           Title = Title .. TransError;
       end
   end
   
   if is_set(Place) then
       Place = " " .. wrap( 'written', Place, use_lowercase ) .. sepc .. " ";
   end
   
   if is_set(Conference) then
       if is_set(ConferenceURL) then
           Conference = externallink( ConferenceURL, Conference );
       end
       Conference = sepc .. " " .. Conference
   elseif is_set(ConferenceURL) then
       Conference = sepc .. " " .. externallink( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURLorigin );
   end
   
   if not is_set(Position) then
       local Minutes = A['Minutes'];
       if is_set(Minutes) then
           Position = " " .. Minutes .. " " .. cfg.messages['minutes'];
       else
           local Time = A['Time'];
           if is_set(Time) then
               local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption']
               if not is_set(TimeCaption) then
                   TimeCaption = cfg.messages['event'];
                   if sepc ~= '.' then
                       TimeCaption = TimeCaption:lower();
                   end
               end
               Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time;
           end
       end
   else
       Position = " " .. Position;
       At = ;
   end
   
   if not is_set(Page) then
       if is_set(Pages) then
           if is_set(Periodical) and
               not inArray(config.CitationClass, {"encyclopaedia","web","book","news","podcast"}) then
               Pages = ": " .. Pages;
           elseif tonumber(Pages) ~= nil then
               Pages = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Pages;
           else
               Pages = sepc .." " .. PPPrefix .. Pages;
           end
       end
   else
       if is_set(Periodical) and
           not inArray(config.CitationClass, {"encyclopaedia","web","book","news","podcast"}) then
           Page = ": " .. Page;
       else
           Page = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Page;
       end
   end
   
   At = is_set(At) and (sepc .. " " .. At) or "";
   Position = is_set(Position) and (sepc .. " " .. Position) or "";
   if config.CitationClass == 'map' then
       local Section = A['Section'];
       local Inset = A['Inset'];
       if first_set( Pages, Page, At ) ~= nil or sepc ~= '.' then
           if is_set( Section ) then
               Section = ", " .. wrap( 'section', Section, true );
           end
           if is_set( Inset ) then
               Inset = ", " .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, true );
           end
       else
           if is_set( Section ) then
               Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'section', Section, use_lowercase );
               if is_set( Inset ) then
                   Inset = ", " .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, true );
               end
           elseif is_set( Inset ) then
               Inset = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, use_lowercase );
           end            
       end            
       At = At .. Section .. Inset;        
   end    

--[[Look in the list of iso639-1 language codes to see if the value provided in the language parameter matches one of them. If a match is found, use that value; if not, then use the value that was provided with the language parameter.

Categories are assigned in a manner similar to the Template:Xx icon templates - categorizes only mainspace citations and only when the language code is not 'en' (English). ]] if is_set (Language) then -- local name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName( Language:lower(), "en" ); -- experiment: this seems to return correct ISO 639-1 language names local name = cfg.iso639_1[Language:lower()]; -- get the language name if Language parameter has a valid iso 639-1 code if nil == name then Language=" " .. wrap( 'language', Language ); -- no match, use parameter's value else if 0 == this_page.namespace and 'en' ~= Language:lower() then --found a match; is this page main / article space and English not the language? Language=" " .. wrap( 'language', name .. ); -- in main space and not English: categorize else Language=" " .. wrap( 'language', name ); --not in mainspace or language is English so don't categorize end end else Language=""; -- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string; end

Others = is_set(Others) and (sepc .. " " .. Others) or "";

-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values

if inArray(config.CitationClass, {"AV-media-notes", "DVD-notes", "podcast", "pressrelease", "techreport", "thesis"}) then TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType); if is_set(Degree) and "Thesis" == TitleType then -- special case for cite thesis TitleType = Degree .. " thesis"; end end

if is_set(TitleType) then -- if type parameter is specified TitleType = " (" .. TitleType .. ")"; -- display it in parentheses end

TitleNote = is_set(TitleNote) and (sepc .. " " .. TitleNote) or "";

   Edition = is_set(Edition) and (" " .. wrap( 'edition', Edition )) or "";
   Issue = is_set(Issue) and (" (" .. Issue .. ")") or "";
   Series = is_set(Series) and (sepc .. " " .. Series) or "";
   OrigYear = is_set(OrigYear) and (" [" .. OrigYear .. "]") or "";
   Agency = is_set(Agency) and (sepc .. " " .. Agency) or "";
   if is_set(Volume) then
       if ( mw.ustring.len(Volume) > 4 )
         then Volume = sepc .." " .. Volume;
         else Volume = " " .. hyphentodash(Volume) .. "";
       end
   end

--[[ This code commented out while discussion continues until after week of 2014-03-23 live module update;

   if is_set(Volume) then
       if ( mw.ustring.len(Volume) > 4 )
         then Volume = sepc .. " " .. Volume;
         else
             Volume = " " .. hyphentodash(Volume) .. "";
             if is_set(Series) then Volume = sepc .. Volume;
             end
       end
   end

]]

   ------------------------------------ totally unrelated data
   --[[ Loosely mimic Template:Subscription required template; Via parameter identifies a delivery source that is not the publisher; these sources often, but not always, exist
   behind a registration or paywall.  So here, we've chosen to decouple via from subscription (via has never been part of the registration required template).
   
   Subscription implies paywall; Registration does not.  If both are used in a citation, the subscription required link note is displayed. There are no error messages for this condition.
   ]]
   if is_set(Via) then
       Via = " " .. wrap( 'via', Via );
   end

if is_set(SubscriptionRequired) then

       SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. cfg.messages['subscription']; --here when 'via' parameter not used but 'subscription' is
   elseif is_set(RegistrationRequired) then
       SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. cfg.messages['registration']; --here when 'via' and 'subscription' parameters not used but 'registration' is
   end
   if is_set(AccessDate) then
       local retrv_text = " " .. cfg.messages['retrieved']
       if (sepc ~= ".") then retrv_text = retrv_text:lower() end
       AccessDate = '' .. sepc
           .. substitute( retrv_text, {AccessDate} ) .. ''
   end
   
   if is_set(ID) then ID = sepc .." ".. ID; end
  	if "thesis" == config.CitationClass and is_set(Docket) then

ID = sepc .." Docket ".. Docket .. ID; end


   ID_list = buildidlist( ID_list, {DoiBroken = DoiBroken, ASINTLD = ASINTLD, IgnoreISBN = IgnoreISBN, Embargo=Embargo} );
   if is_set(URL) then
       URL = " " .. externallink( URL, nil, URLorigin );
   end
   if is_set(Quote) then
       if Quote:sub(1,1) == '"' and Quote:sub(-1,-1) == '"' then
           Quote = Quote:sub(2,-2);
       end
       Quote = sepc .." " .. wrap( 'quoted-text', Quote ); 
       PostScript = "";							-- CS1 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set
   end
   
   local Archived
   if is_set(ArchiveURL) then
       if not is_set(ArchiveDate) then
           ArchiveDate = seterror('archive_missing_date');
       end
       if "no" == DeadURL then
           local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived'];
           if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
           Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( cfg.messages['archived-not-dead'],
               { externallink( ArchiveURL, arch_text ), ArchiveDate } );
           if not is_set(OriginalURL) then
               Archived = Archived .. " " .. seterror('archive_missing_url');                               
           end
       elseif is_set(OriginalURL) then
           local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-dead'];
           if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
           Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text,
               { externallink( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'] ), ArchiveDate } );
       else
           local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-missing'];
           if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
           Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text, 
               { seterror('archive_missing_url'), ArchiveDate } );
       end
   else
       Archived = ""
   end
   
   local Lay
   if is_set(LayURL) then
       if is_set(LayDate) then LayDate = " (" .. LayDate .. ")" end
       if is_set(LaySource) then 
           LaySource = " – " .. safeforitalics(LaySource) .. "";
       else
           LaySource = "";
       end
       if sepc == '.' then
           Lay = sepc .. " " .. externallink( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary'] ) .. LaySource .. LayDate
       else
           Lay = sepc .. " " .. externallink( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary']:lower() ) .. LaySource .. LayDate
       end            
   else
       Lay = "";
   end
   
   if is_set(Transcript) then
       if is_set(TranscriptURL) then Transcript = externallink( TranscriptURL, Transcript ); end
   elseif is_set(TranscriptURL) then
       Transcript = externallink( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURLorigin );
   end
   
   local Publisher;
   if is_set(Periodical) and
       not inArray(config.CitationClass, {"encyclopaedia","web","pressrelease","podcast"}) then
       if is_set(PublisherName) then
           if is_set(PublicationPlace) then
               Publisher = PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName;
           else
               Publisher = PublisherName;  
           end
       elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then
           Publisher= PublicationPlace;
       else 
           Publisher = "";
       end
       if is_set(PublicationDate) then
           if is_set(Publisher) then
               Publisher = Publisher .. ", " .. wrap( 'published', PublicationDate );
           else
               Publisher = PublicationDate;
           end
       end
       if is_set(Publisher) then
           Publisher = " (" .. Publisher .. ")";
       end
   else
       if is_set(PublicationDate) then
           PublicationDate = " (" .. wrap( 'published', PublicationDate ) .. ")";
       end
       if is_set(PublisherName) then
           if is_set(PublicationPlace) then
               Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
           else
               Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;  
           end            
       elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then 
           Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
       else 
           Publisher = PublicationDate;
       end
   end
   
   -- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
   if is_set(Periodical) then
       if is_set(Title) or is_set(TitleNote) then 
           Periodical = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'italic-title', Periodical ) 
       else 
           Periodical = wrap( 'italic-title', Periodical )
       end
   end

--[[ Handle the oddity that is cite speech. This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be " (Speech)" so that the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided). ]] if "speech" == config.CitationClass then -- cite speech only TitleNote = " (Speech)"; -- annotate the citation if is_set (Periodical) then -- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter if is_set (Conference) then -- and if |event= is set Conference = Conference .. sepc .. " "; -- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering end end end

   -- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
   -- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
   -- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.
   local tcommon
   if inArray(config.CitationClass, {"journal","citation"}) and is_set(Periodical) then
       if is_set(Others) then Others = Others .. sepc .. " " end
       tcommon = safejoin( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Scale, Series, 
           Language, Cartography, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume, Issue}, sepc );
   else 
       tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Scale, Series, Language, 
           Volume, Issue, Others, Cartography, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
   end
   
   if #ID_list > 0 then
       ID_list = safejoin( { sepc .. " ",  table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. " " ), ID }, sepc );
   else
       ID_list = ID;
   end
   
   local idcommon = safejoin( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote }, sepc );
   local text;
   local pgtext = Position .. Page .. Pages .. At;
   
   if is_set(Authors) then
       if is_set(Coauthors) then
           Authors = Authors .. A['AuthorSeparator'] .. " " .. Coauthors
       end
       if is_set(Date) then
           Date = " ("..Date..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
       elseif string.sub(Authors,-1,-1) == sepc then
           Authors = Authors .. " "
       else
           Authors = Authors .. sepc .. " "
       end
       if is_set(Editors) then
           local in_text = " ";
           local post_text = "";
           if is_set(Chapter) then
               in_text = in_text .. cfg.messages['in'] .. " "
           else
               if EditorCount <= 1 then
                   post_text = ", " .. cfg.messages['editor'];
               else
                   post_text = ", " .. cfg.messages['editors'];
               end
           end 
           if (sepc ~= '.') then in_text = in_text:lower() end
           Editors = in_text .. Editors .. post_text;
           if (string.sub(Editors,-1,-1) == sepc)
               then Editors = Editors .. " "
               else Editors = Editors .. sepc .. " "
           end
       end
       text = safejoin( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon }, sepc );
       text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
   elseif is_set(Editors) then
       if is_set(Date) then
           if EditorCount <= 1 then
               Editors = Editors .. ", " .. cfg.messages['editor'];
           else
               Editors = Editors .. ", " .. cfg.messages['editors'];
           end
           Date = " (" .. Date ..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
       else
           if EditorCount <= 1 then
               Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " "
           else
               Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " "
           end
       end
       text = safejoin( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon}, sepc );
       text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
   else
       if is_set(Date) then
           if ( string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) ~= sepc )
             then Date = sepc .." " .. Date .. OrigYear
             else Date = " " .. Date .. OrigYear
           end
       end
       if config.CitationClass=="journal" and is_set(Periodical) then
           text = safejoin( {Chapter, Place, tcommon}, sepc );
           text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
       else
           text = safejoin( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date}, sepc );
           text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
       end
   end
   

if is_set(PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then text = safejoin( {text, sepc}, sepc ); --Deals with italics, spaces, etc. text = text:sub(1,-sepc:len()-1); -- text = text:sub(1,-2); --Remove final separator (assumes that sepc is only one character) end

   text = safejoin( {text, PostScript}, sepc );
   -- Now enclose the whole thing in a  element
   local options = {};
   
   if is_set(config.CitationClass) and config.CitationClass ~= "citation" then
       options.class = "citation " .. config.CitationClass;
   else
       options.class = "citation";
   end
   
   if is_set(Ref) and Ref:lower() ~= "none" then
       local id = Ref
       if ( "harv" == Ref ) then
           local names = {} --table of last names & year
           if #a > 0 then
               for i,v in ipairs(a) do 
                   names[i] = v.last 
                   if i == 4 then break end
               end
           elseif #e > 0 then
               for i,v in ipairs(e) do 
                   names[i] = v.last 
                   if i == 4 then break end                
               end
           end

names[ #names + 1 ] = first_set(Year, anchor_year); -- Year first for legacy citations

           id = anchorid(names)
       end
       options.id = id;
   end
   
   if string.len(text:gsub("<span[^>/]*>.-", ""):gsub("%b<>","")) <= 2 then
       z.error_categories = {};
       text = seterror('empty_citation');
       z.message_tail = {};
   end
   
   if is_set(options.id) then 
       text = '' .. text .. "";
   else
       text = '' .. text .. "";
   end        
   local empty_span = ' ';
   
   -- Note: Using display: none on then COinS span breaks some clients.
   local OCinS = '' .. empty_span .. '';
   text = text .. OCinS;
   
   if #z.message_tail ~= 0 then
       text = text .. " ";
       for i,v in ipairs( z.message_tail ) do
           if is_set(v[1]) then
               if i == #z.message_tail then
                   text = text .. errorcomment( v[1], v[2] );
               else
                   text = text .. errorcomment( v[1] .. "; ", v[2] );
               end
           end
       end
   end
   
   no_tracking_cats = no_tracking_cats:lower();
   if inArray(no_tracking_cats, {"", "no", "false", "n"}) then
       for _, v in ipairs( z.error_categories ) do
           text = text .. ;
       end
   end
   
   return text

end

-- This is used by templates such as Empty citation (help)  to create the actual citation text. function z.citation(frame)

   local pframe = frame:getParent()
   
   if nil ~= string.find( frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true ) then				-- did the Script error: You must specify a function to call. use sandbox version?
   	cfg = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox' );	-- load sandbox versions of Configuration and Whitelist and ...
   	whitelist = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox' );
   	dates = require('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox').dates	-- ... sandbox version of date validation code
   else																	-- otherwise
   	cfg = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' );			-- load live versions of Configuration and Whitelist and ...
   	whitelist = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' );
   	dates = require('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation').dates		-- ... live version of date validation code

end

   local args = {};
   local suggestions = {};
   local error_text, error_state;
   local config = {};
   for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do
       config[k] = v;
       args[k] = v;       
   end    
   for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do
       if v ~=  then
           if not validate( k ) then            
               error_text = "";
               if type( k ) ~= 'string' then
                   -- Exclude empty numbered parameters
                   if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then
                       error_text, error_state = seterror( 'text_ignored', {v}, true );
                   end
               elseif validate( k:lower() ) then 
                   error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()}, true );
               else
                   if #suggestions == 0 then
                       suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' );
                   end
                   if suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil then
                       error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions[ k:lower() ]}, true );
                   else
                       error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored', {k}, true );
                   end
               end                  
               if error_text ~=  then
                   table.insert( z.message_tail, {error_text, error_state} );
               end                
           end
           args[k] = v;
       elseif args[k] ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then
           args[k] = v;
       end        
   end    
   
   return citation0( config, args)

end

return z