Lojban orthographies: Difference between revisions

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(Corresponding Latin: pu ze'u se djuno lei ze'u renvi gi'e se jijnu ca le temci be le nu le dzena ca jmive vau fa le du'u le bradi be le la tlunranan. ba klama ri)
(Corresponding Latin: pu ze'u se djuno lei ze'u renvi gi'e se jijnu ca le temci be le nu le dzena ca jmive vau fa le du'u le bradi be le la tlunranan. ba klama ri)
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ष is used as z, ज़ is used as dz, others are used as in Hindi
All the inherent vowels (a) are dropped. ष is used as z, ज़ is used as dz, others are used as in Hindi
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This is represent with xinlermorna as described at [[devanagari_orthography]]
This is represent with xinlermorna as described at [[devanagari_orthography]]


[[:Media:xinlermorna-V0.3.pdf|xinlermorna specification]]  
[[:Media:xinlermorna-V0.4.pdf|xinlermorna specification]]  
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==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

Revision as of 11:06, 27 September 2019

See also: punctuation
Name Text Sample Rules Comments
Standard orthography le fasnu

le fonxa cu sanga .i la .alis goi ko'a frati la'edi'u lenu cpacu le fonxa .i ko'a kerlo ganse lu coi. .alis. .i mi du la rik. .i .a'o do kanro li'u .i lu coidoi rik. .i .ia mi kanro .i .a'o do go'i li'u .i lu .ia .i mi djica lonu djuno lenu do ba kansa mi le gusta ke vanci sanmi ca la zedjed. poi balvi jibni .i .a'o mi'o te tigni li'u

.i ko'a spusku lu ko denpa .i mi nitcu lenu catlu lemi detri liste .y .y .y .i mi zifre .i .au mi kansa .i ma tcika li'u

.i la rik. goi ko'e spusku lu mi ba cpedu lo gusta jubme ca la xacac. .i .au do djica cuxna da poi fasnu .i pei skina .i pei zgike tigni .i pei xajmi tigni .i pei draci .i pei dansu li'u

.i la .alis. spusku lu mi nelci loi zgike draci .i .i'a .au la lemizerABL. se tigni ca ta .i mi nelci loi nu dansu li'u[1]

Rapprochement orthography Le fasnu

Le fonha cu sanga. I la Alis, goi koha frati lahedihu lenu cpacu le fonha. I koha kerlo ganse lu Coi Alis. I mi du la Rik. I, aho do kanro lihu. I lu Coidoi Rik. I, ia mi kanro. I, aho do gohi lihu. I lu, ia. I mi djica lonu djuno lenu do ba kansa mi le gusta ke vanci sanmi ca la Zedjed, poi balvi jibni. I, aho miho te tigni lihu.

I koha spusku lu Ko denpa. I mi nitcu lenu catlu lemi detri liste. Y. Y. Y. I mi zifre. I, au mi kansa. I ma tcika lihu.

I la Rik, goi kohe spusku lu Mi ba cpedu lo gusta jubme ca la Hacac. I, au do djica cuhna da poi fasnu. I pei skina. I pei zgike tigni. I pei hajmi tigni. I pei draci. I pei dansu. lihu.

I la Alis, spusku lu Mi nelci loi zgike draci. I, iha, au la Lemizer'abl, se tigni ca ta. I mi nelci loi nu dansu li'u.

This orthography was suggested as a new orthography for the common Loglan/Lojban language, in the event of a rapproachment between LLG and TLI. The rapproachment never took place, and the orthography has only been used on the Lojban mailing list, by a couple of people.[2]
Cyrillic orthography лэ фасну

лэ фонха шу санга .и ла .алис гои ко'а фрати ла'эди'у лэну шпашу лэ фонха .и ко'а кэрло гансэ лу шои. .алис. .и ми ду ла рик. .и .а'о до канро ли'у .и лу шоидои рик. .и .иа ми канро .и а'о до го'и ли'у

.и лу .иа,.и ми джиша лону джуно лэну до ба канса ми лэ густа кэ ванши санми ша ла зэджэд. пои балви жибни .и .а'о ми'о тэ тигни ли'у .и ко'а спуску лу ко дэнпа .и ми нитшу лэну шатлу лэми дэтри листэ .ъ .ъ .ъ .и ми зифрэ .и .ау ми канса .и ма тшика ли'у

.и ла рик. гои ко'э спуску лу ми ба шпэду ло густа жубмэ ша ла хашаш. .и .ау до джиша шухна да пои фасну .и пэи скина .и пэи згикэ тигни .и пэи хажми тигни .и пэи драши .и пэи дансу ли'у

.и ла .алис. спуску лу ми нэлши лои згикэ драши .и .и'а.ау ла лэмизэрАБЛ. сэ тигни ша та .и ми нэлши лои ну дансу ли'у

https://lojban.github.io/cll/3/12/ Used in a Russian brochure about Lojban that Bob LeChevalier handed out during a visit to Russia.
Tengwar orthography le-fasnu-tengwar.gif Mentioned briefly in the CLL: https://lojban.github.io/cll/3/12/ An orthography with the Tengwar of Feanor, a fictional writing system invented by J. R. R. Tolkien.
European (Arnt Richard Johansen version) Le fasnu

Le fonha cu sanga. I la Alis, goi koha, frati lahedihu lenu cpacu le fonha. I koha kerlo ganse «Coi Alis! I mi du la Rik. I, aho do kanro.» I «Coidoi Rik! I, ia mi kanro. I, aho do gohi.» I, «Ia. I mi djica lonu djuno, lenu do ba kansa mi le gusta ke vanci sanmi ca la Zedjed, poi balvi jibni. I, aho miho te tigni.»

I koha spusku «Ko denpa. I mi nitcu lenu catlu lemi detri liste. Y. Y. Y. I mi zifre. I, au mi kansa. I ma tcika?»

I la Rik, goi kohe spusku «Mi ba cpedu lo gusta jubme ca la Hacac. I, au do djica cuhna da poi fasnu. I pei skina? I pei zgike tigni? I pei hajmi tigni? I pei draci? I pei dansu?»

I la Alis, spusku «Mi nelci loi zgike draci. I, iha, au la Lemizerábl, se tigni ca ta. I mi nelci loi nu dansu.»

Arnt Richard Johansen: "This is an example of how Lojban might look if it was written with the same conventions as the European natural languages."[3]
Alice in Wonderland orthography

ni'o ca lo nu .abu cusku lo di'u valsi kei lo jamfu be .abu cu sakli .i ba zi ku lo nu jaurjanli zo'u: .abu jinru lo silna djacu fe'e co'u lo firji'o .i pa moi sidbo fa lo nu .abu ba'o farlu lo xamsi .i «lu va'o la'e di'u mi ka'e xrukla fu lo trene ——sei .abu sezysku—— li'u» (to la .alis. pu klama lo xamsi korbi pa roi lo nunjmive gi'e ja'e bo jinvi lo du'u ro pagbu be lo glico korbi cu se zvati so'o jinru minji noi nenri lo xamsi ku'o .e so'o verba noi kakpa lo canre lo loldi lo mudri canpa ku'o .e lo porsi be fi lo xotli be'o .e lo trene tcana noi trixe py toi)

Equivalent to the standard orthography with the following additions:
  • lu and li'u are always written «lu and li'u»
  • to and toi are written (to and toi)
  • sei clauses are surrounded by em dashes, e.g. —sei la .alis. cu cusku—
  • words following ba'e are italicized, e.g. na ba'e mutce lo ka cizra
Used in works such as Alice in Wonderland, Snow White and The Wizard of Oz.
Cowan's alternative orthography mi na certu le se zajbrrnatleta I kui mi coa jimpe lenu mi poi xelso cu noe snada tua le la Olimpik nunjvi pevi la Tokios I saunai mi nuo zmadu zoepecaaku leni snada I tie le mulno nizyjia cu te zmadu mi le gugdrrkorea kuceo le gugdrrnafganistana kuceo le gugdrrkenia kuceo le gugdrrtrinidada kuceo le xanto denci xaskoi gugde I kui mi zmadu u,a le gugdrrlixtenctaine I lenu go,i cu pluka nuzba I zmadu pluka fao le nuo nu le gugdrrlixtenctaine cu se nunjvi la Olimpik The alternative orthography makes the following substitutions.

1) The letter x is replaced in all uses by h. It is useful to emphasize here that this does not represent a change in pronunciation.

2) The diphthong au is replaced by ao.

3) The apostrophe, which in the standard orthography is used only between vowels, is replaced in the following ways:

3a) In a'a a'e a'u e'a e'e e'o e'u o'a o'e o'o o'u, it is dropped, producing aa ae au ea ee eo eu oa oe oo ou.

3b) In a'i a'o e'i o'i, it is replaced by comma, producing a,i a,o e,i o,i.

3c) In i'a i'e i'i i'o i'u u'a u'e u'i u'o u'u, it is dropped, producing ia ie ii io iu ua ue ui uo uu; except that when appearing stand-alone, and in names and borrowings, it is replaced by comma, producing i,a i,e i,i i,o i,u u,a u,e u,i u,o u,u.

4) Capitalization is used for the first letter of names, and for the cmavo ".i", which is written "I".

5) Periods before words are dropped.

6) Periods after words are replaced by comma. This comma cannot be confused with the comma of 3b and 3c, because that cannot appear at the end of a word. However, periods at the end of names are dropped.

7) Syllabic r l m n are written rr ll mm nn, and need not be set off by comma.

8) Other uses of comma are retained. When doubt arises whether a comma represents a voiced or a voiceless glide, the voiceless glide is preferred.

9) Stress is indicated by an apostrophe following the vowel of the stressed syllable.

Cowan: "Obviously, the alternative orthography is much more "context-sensitive" than the standard orthography. Two consecutive vowels in the standard orthography always represent a diphthong; in the alternative orthography, they may represent a diphthong, two syllables with a voiceless glide, or two syllables with a voiced glide, depending on the particular two vowels and on the kind of word in which they appear. On the other hand, thedifference between syllabic and consonantal r l m n is clearly marked in the alternative orthography."
Diacritical orthography ŭa la .dòrotis. cu spusku zo ĭe lo tciŭaŭa
  • The glide versions of u and i are written ŭ and ĭ respectively.
  • Stress, when shown, is always marked using either a grave or acute accent, and never via capitalization, e.g. dòrotis
This orthography can easily be combined with other orthographies.
European 2 Na ku la `Loglan` cu jai bau casnu. `I kuhi zo «zuhi» jaha drani. `I lo ka ni la Jboguhe cu cmalu cu banzuni lo nu sohe nu tavla cu nu tavla zuhi.
  • The glottal stop is written `. cmevla are surrounded by ` and can be capitalized, e.g. la `Djan`
  • Dot and comma are used as punctuation. Dots end sentences, comma can be used as is common in many european languages: Mi rinsa do, noi pendo mi.
  • The first letter of every sentence (almost always .i) is capitalized: `I mi tugni.
  • The apostrophe ' is written h.
Standard Lojban orthography with punctuation hybrid

.i ze'a pi ro lo nunkei, la noltruni'u no roi de'a damba lo drata kelci gi'e no roi de'a krixa «lu ko lo stedu ta vimcu li'u», ja «lu ko lo stedu tu vimcu li'u». .i lo se dapma be ny cu se pifygau lo sonci, noi li'a de'a bargu. .i ba za lo cacra be li ji'i pi mu, ge no bargu cu zvati, gi ro lo kelci po'u na'e bo la noltrunau, ja la noltruni'u, ja la .àlis. cu pinfu gi'e se dapma fi lo nu se selmi'ecatra. .i ba bo la noltruni'u cu tatpi cliva gi'e cusku fi la .alis. fe «lu xu do pu viska la jitfa cakyrespa li'u».

.i «lu na go'i ——sei la .àlis. cu cusku—— .i mi na djuno ji'a sai, lo du'u ma kau jitfa cakyrespa li'u»

.i «lu te zbasu lo jitfa cakyrespa bo stasu ——sei la noltruni'u cu cusku—— li'u»

.i «lu mi pu no roi ga viska cy, gi se tavla fi cy ——sei la .àlis. cu cusku—— li'u»

.i «lu .e'e mi'o klama ——sei la noltruni'u cu cusku—— .i ba lisri cy ri do li'u»

.i la .àlis. ca lo nu cliva cadzu cu tirna lo nu la noltrunau cu lauble voksa cusku fi lo zvati fe «lu ca'e ro do se fraxu li'u». .i «lu ri'e la'e ba'e di'u xamgu —li'u», se sezysku la .àlis.— .i ri pu cinmo lo nu tolgei, lo nu la noltruni'u cu minde xo kau nuncatra.

This follows the Alice in Wonderland orthography, with the following additions:

  • Dot and comma are used as punctuation. Dots end sentences, while the comma is used to mark phrasal boundaries.
  • Stress, when shown, is always marked using either a grave or acute accent, and never via capitalization, e.g. dòrotis
  • Sometimes, a separate letter or symbol is used for glottal stops so that it remains different from the full stop at the end of a sentence. A variety of methods have been tried out, from using q to mark glottal stops, to using special diacritics. Sometimes only the glottal stops that surround cmevla are replaced with something else, while words like .i remain untouched. Example: .i la ḳèmac̣ pu cliva.
The purpose of this orthography is easier readability, which is important especially when reading longer pieces of text, while trying to retain the familiar feel of the standard orthography, which explains the lack of capitalization.
Hungarian orthography

'le fasznu

'le fonhasu szangaila .alisz.gojkohaf ratilahedihulenus pasule fonhaikoha kerlo ganszelusoj .alisz.imidula .rik.iahodo kanrolihuilusojdoj .rik.ijjami kanroiahodogohilihuilujjaimid zsisalonud zsunolenudoba kanszamile gusztake vansi szanmisala. zedzsed.poj balvi zsibniiahomihote tignilihu

'ikohasz pudazoheluko denpaimi nicsulenu satlulemi detri liszteyyyimi zifreiawmi kanszaima csikalihu

'ila .rik.gojkohesz pudazohelumibas pedulo guszta zsubmesala.hasas.iawdod zsisa suhnadapoj fasznuipejsz kinaipejz gike tigniipej hazsmi tigniipeid rasiipej danszulihu

'ila .alisz. danfulumi nelsilojz giked rasiiihaawla.lemizer abl.sze tignisataimi nelsilojnu danszulihu

  • Sibilants work in the expected way (c and cs also exist, just to be annoying).
  • The vowels are the same as in the standard Lojban orthography.
  • j and w are used to indicate semivowels. When these letters are doubled, they indicate initial rather than final glides.
  • Lojban /'/ is indicated by h between two vowels. Lojban /x/ is denoted hh between two vowels and h elsewhere.
  • As in Hungarian, 'words' are stressed on the first syllable. This is what messes up actual word boundaries so dramatically. Moreover, a word cannot begin with a consonant cluster, also like in Hungarian. An apostrophe at the beginning of a text indicates that the first syllable in it is not stressed.

An intentionally inconvenient orthography that divides words based on stress rather than meaning. Not intended as an improvement of the standard orthography, but may be interesting to see how it affects one's ability to read.

Devanagari orthography

पु षेहु से जुनो लेि षेहु रेंवि गिहे से झ़िझ़्नु शा ले तेम्शि बे ले नु ले ज़ेना शा झ़्मिवे वाु फ़ा ले दुहु ले ब्रादि बे ले ला त्लुंरानां. बा क्लामा रि

xinlermorna-preview-V0.2.png

(Corresponding Latin: pu ze'u se djuno lei ze'u renvi gi'e se jijnu ca le temci be le nu le dzena ca jmive vau fa le du'u le bradi be le la tlunranan. ba klama ri)

All the inherent vowels (a) are dropped. ष is used as z, ज़ is used as dz, others are used as in Hindi

This is represent with xinlermorna as described at devanagari_orthography

xinlermorna specification

References