BPFK gismu Proposal: kanpe: Difference between revisions

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[[jbocre: Robin Powell|Robin Powell]] propose the creation of a new gismu, kanpe.


As [[pne]] understand it, the practice of distinguishing between agent (ergative) and non-agent (absolutive), rather than between nonpatient (nominative) and patient (accusative) as is common in Indo-European languages.
==  Justification ==


For a '''very''' brief overview of different case-marking systems, see [http://www.xibalba.demon.co.uk/jbr/ranto/r.html] -- part of a rant against Esperanto, but you can ignore that here; this appendix focuses only on cases. Ergative languages use approach (E) in his list.
The notes for ''pacna'' suggest its use as "expect", but the keywords, and actual usage, make it clear that ''pacna'' is about desire as well as expectation.  The normal response to this would be to make a lujvo, but there are only about 3 words that have a place for the odds of something happening, and none of them help. ''cu'o'' isn't subjective enough to be useful, and has no rafsi anyways. The best lujvo I could come up with was something like nordjipa'a, which is '''incredibly''' long for such a simple concept. Furthermore, we need to settle on whether ''pacna'' really can be used to mean "expect" without implying desire, so we're going to have to poke at the gismu list here no matter what we do.


''How do we express this in Lojban? gausmi?''
Therefore, I propose that we tweak pacna a tiny bit to make it clear that desire is always implied, and add the gismu ''kanpe'' (generated by Arnt and Cowan from the old gismu algorithm) meaning "expect" (without implication of desire).


* ''gernrgativiti'' --[[And]] (mi stidi)
==  Definition ==


Unfortunately English not always marks this distinction (e.g. "return",
Based almost entirely on pacna.


the infamous keyword of ''xruti'')... See [[Ergativity]].
I don't know how to generate potential rafsi and evaluate them; I think this word is of high utility, though. Could someone else take a look at that issue?


== Non-Agentive form & it's corresponding Agentive: ==
* valsi: kanpe
* Keyword: expect


|| cfari | begins | cfagau | initiates
* rafsi: ??
* Definition: x1 expects/looks for the occurence of x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1, default li so'a (i.e. near 1]; x1 subjectively evaluates the likelihood of x2 (event) to be x3


  denpa | pauses | depygau | delays
* Notes: The value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether kanpe means something like "hope" or "wish" or "expect", although kanpe never carries the connotation of desire; for that connotation see ''pacna''. ''kanpe'' with x3 not very close to 1 has no simple equivalent in English, but for objects/states with negligible expectation it is something like "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is something like "hoping".  In both cases, though, the English implication of emotional desire is not present.  The value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso'u" to "li piro"); non-desirous wish (= ??), non-desirous hope (= ??); (cf. djica, pacna)


  tolcfa | comes to a stop | sisti/dicra | halts/interrupts)
== Effects on Other gismu and Usage ==


sezyxru | reverts | xruti | restores
* We'd need to add bit to the notes of pacna indicating that even when pacna "means" expect, it has the added content of "desired", and that they should cf. kanpe if the don't want that.
 
* I expect the effect on usage is totally non-existent.
cenba | varies | cenbygau/cnegau | alters
 
jelca | burns | jelgau | ignites
 
snura | is secure | bandu | protects
 
masno | is slow | snogau/jabre | retards/brakes)
 
muvdu | moves | muvgau | causes to move
 
mrobi'o | dies | catra | kills
 
banro | develops | banrygau | nurtures
 
zenba | increases | zengau | augments
 
banzu | suffices | bazgau | fulfills
 
culno | is full | tisna | fills
 
basti | takes the place of | basygau | replaces
 
klama | goes | bevri | conveys
 
bilma | is sick | bilmygau | sickens
 
bredi | is ready | redgau | prepares
 
carna | turns | cargau | rotates
 
selcfipu | is confused | cfipu | confuses
 
cilre | learns | ctuca | teaches
 
ckeji | feels ashamed | kejgau | humiliates
 
kakne | is able | curmi | allows
 
curve | is pure | cuvgau | purifies
 
danfu | is an answer | dafsku/frati | replies
 
drani | is correct | dragau | rectifies
 
farlu | falls | falgau | drops
 
fatne | is backwards | fatygau | reverses
 
febvi | comes to a boil | fabgau | boils
 
porpi | comes apart | popygau | breaks
 
fukpi | is a copy | fukyzba | duplicates
 
gacri | is a cover | gairgau | covers over
 
ganlo | is closed | ganlygau | closes
 
gusni | illumines | gusygau | illuminates
 
jdika | contracts | jdikygau | decreases
 
jinru | bathes | jirgau | immerses
 
jorne | is joined to | jongau | connects
 
katna | cutter | katnygau | cuts
 
burcu | brush | bruzu'e | paints
 
komcu | is a comb | komzu'e | combs
 
korcu | is bent | krogau | bends
 
krefu | repeats | refygau | causes to recur
 
kunti | is empty | kutygau | vacates
 
gapru | is above | lafti | lifts
 
lunbe | is bare | lubgau | denudes
 
manku | is dark | mangau | darkens
 
mapti | fits | matygau | matches
 
muvdu | is in motion | muvgau | moves
 
selnupre | is a promise | nupre | promises
 
pagre | penetrates | gregau | causes to penetrate
 
panlo | is a slice | panlyzba | slices
 
pijne | is a pin | pijnylasna | pins
 
pindi | is poor | pidgau | impoverishes
 
preti | is a question | retsku/tese preti | asks a question
 
preja | expands | pejgau | spreads
 
cpana | is on | punji | puts on/at
 
zvati | at | punji | puts on/at
 
punli | is a swelling | pulgau | swells
 
ranji | lasts | ranjygau | causes to last (makes lasting)
 
ranti | is soft | rangau | softens
 
ricfu | is rich | cfugau | enriches
 
panzi | offspring | rorci | procreates
 
viknu | is thick | viknygau | thickens
 
ruble | is weak | blegau | weakens
 
runme | is melting | rumgau | makes melt
 
runta | dissolves | runtygau | makes dissolve
 
sepli | is apart | fendi | divides
 
nenri | is within | setca | inserts
 
jbini | is between | setca | interposes
 
spoja | explodes | pojgau | blows up
 
sraku | is sharp | rakygau | scratches
 
sudga | is dry | sudgau | dries off
 
sutra | is fast | sutygau | hastens
 
tcena | stretches | tengau | extends
 
terpa | fears | tepygau | frightenss
 
tinsa | is stiff | tensygau | stiffens
 
titla | is sweet | titygau | sweetens
 
tordu | is short | torgau | shortens
 
tsali | is strong | tsagau | strengthens
 
tsapi | ia a spice | tsapygau | seasons
 
vasru | contains | vasygau | encloses
 
vlipa | is powerful | vligau | empowers
 
vreji | is a record of | rejgau | records
 
vrusi | is a flavor | vusyga'e | tastes
 
panci | is an odor | sumne | smells
 
zasti | exists | zbasu | creates
 
zekri | is a crime | zerzukte | commits a crime
 
zifre | is free | zifygau | liberates ||
 
(There are doubtless others.)
 
* The place structure of ''xruti'' has changed during its history...
** A note [http://66.111.43.200/~jkominek/nuzban/wiki/index.php?Gismu%20list%20errata here] says (1994) that ''xruti'' was to become non-agentive, although it remains agentive on the ''gismu'' lists of 9-6-94.
 
** I will have to check my notes, but IIRC the non-agentive meaning was changed to the present agentive at about the same time as the Great Rafsi Shift.
 
* Lojban distinguishes [[jbocre: forms of causation|forms of causation]]...One could extend the foregoing series with ''each of the others''.
 
* One must also consider the "hidden doers", those with non-x1 agent places:
** ''smuni'' has meaning---------------''tersmu'' interprets
 
** ''tatpi'' is tired------------------''seltatpi'' tires
** ''fengu'' is angry------------------''selfengu'' angers
 
** ''torni'' is twisting---------------''seltorni'' twists
** ''xalni'' is panicked---------------''selxalni'' terrifies
 
** ''zgike'' is music------------------''selzgi'' makes music
 
----
 
That's a very useful list. We shouldn't overlook the usefulness of ''zil-'', though:
 
;''zilsti'' comes to a stop :''sisti'' halts (or ''dicra'' interrupts)
 
;''zilxru'' reverts :''xruti'' restores
 
;''zilcatra'' dies :''catra'' kills
 
;''zilcfipu'' is confused :''cfipu'' confuses
 
--[[And]]
 
* Wouldn't "is killed" be better as a translation than "dies"? That is, there has to be a killer or there isn't really any ''catra''ing involved. I'd use ''mrobi'o'' (become dead) for just plain dying "without a cause". (And I'm not sure whether consensus was reached on the usage of ''zil-'' in this manner. ''xu la .andban. lojbo?'') --mi'e [[jbocre: pne|.filip.]]
* It's a reasonable suspicion to have when I say something, but in this instance it's pretty uncontroversial, at least among the jboskepre. (I can't speak for nonjboskpre, since I don't get to hear their relevant views.)

Revision as of 16:43, 4 November 2013

Robin Powell propose the creation of a new gismu, kanpe.

Justification

The notes for pacna suggest its use as "expect", but the keywords, and actual usage, make it clear that pacna is about desire as well as expectation. The normal response to this would be to make a lujvo, but there are only about 3 words that have a place for the odds of something happening, and none of them help. cu'o isn't subjective enough to be useful, and has no rafsi anyways. The best lujvo I could come up with was something like nordjipa'a, which is incredibly long for such a simple concept. Furthermore, we need to settle on whether pacna really can be used to mean "expect" without implying desire, so we're going to have to poke at the gismu list here no matter what we do.

Therefore, I propose that we tweak pacna a tiny bit to make it clear that desire is always implied, and add the gismu kanpe (generated by Arnt and Cowan from the old gismu algorithm) meaning "expect" (without implication of desire).

Definition

Based almost entirely on pacna.

I don't know how to generate potential rafsi and evaluate them; I think this word is of high utility, though. Could someone else take a look at that issue?

  • valsi: kanpe
  • Keyword: expect
  • rafsi: ??
  • Definition: x1 expects/looks for the occurence of x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1, default li so'a (i.e. near 1]; x1 subjectively evaluates the likelihood of x2 (event) to be x3
  • Notes: The value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether kanpe means something like "hope" or "wish" or "expect", although kanpe never carries the connotation of desire; for that connotation see pacna. kanpe with x3 not very close to 1 has no simple equivalent in English, but for objects/states with negligible expectation it is something like "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is something like "hoping". In both cases, though, the English implication of emotional desire is not present. The value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso'u" to "li piro"); non-desirous wish (= ??), non-desirous hope (= ??); (cf. djica, pacna)

Effects on Other gismu and Usage

  • We'd need to add bit to the notes of pacna indicating that even when pacna "means" expect, it has the added content of "desired", and that they should cf. kanpe if the don't want that.
  • I expect the effect on usage is totally non-existent.