Difference between revisions of "BPFK Section: Vocatives"

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===  Proposed Definitions And Examples ===
  
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A more modern flashcard program would be good [[jbocre: introductory Learning Material|introductory Learning Material]].
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;'''be'e''' (COI): Vocative. Used to make a request to speak. (cf. ju'i, ta'a)
  
−
Some people find it easier to learn vocabulary by drill. Some find it easier to learn by repeatedly looking words up as they need to. Learning by drill takes discipline, but you can build vocabulary faster.
+
** Keywords: Request to send.
  
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The DOS program [[jbocre: LogFlash|LogFlash]] and the Mac program [[jbocre: Flashcards|Flashcards]] work pretty well. But they're both based on a method that was originally designed for use with physical flash cards. The computer allows a more sophisticated design that should work even better.
+
be'e nolni'u io<br />
  
−
Problems with existing programs:
+
re'i<br />
  
−
* if you make only one error on a level, then you repeatedly practice that one error, wasting time and learning little
+
.e'o ga'i nai ko dunda lo sicni<br />
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* all errors are the same; make the typo "mo'ibubu" for "mo'ibu'u", and that word falls to the bottom
 
  
−
** This problem is partially solved with the "second try mode" in LogFlash.
+
''Pardon me, ma'am.''<br />
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* there's no distinction made between a word you you finally slipped up on and a word that you can barely get a grip on; you waste time overpracticing some words that you know pretty well
 
  
−
* there's not much flexibility in learning order; if you decide "today I want to practice cultural gismu", you have to set up the files yourself
+
''Yes?''<br />
−
* the programs do not detect which words you get confused between; you'll learn faster if it brings those together and forces you to differentiate them
 
  
−
* the software is aging and OS-dependent
+
''Can you spare a dime?''
  
−
These problems can be solved. Some ideas:
+
;'''co'o''' (COI): Vocative. Used to express an acknowledgement of parting. (cf. tolrinsa)
  
−
* a very simple statistical model can measure how well you know each word
+
** Keywords: Bye-bye, goodbye, farewell, so long, adieu, Godspeed.
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* a very simple model of human memory and learning can estimate how useful it is to practice each word now; for example, it's useless to present the same word twice in a row, because the second time you'll type by rote instead of re-retrieving from memory
 
  
−
* an error measuring algorithm can can grade errors from "minor typo" to "you're clueless", and adjust the measure of how well you know the word accordingly
+
co'o ro do<br />
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* if you typed "rinka" when you should have typed "krinu", that's evidence that you're unsure about '''both''' of them
 
  
−
* reaction time can be counted; a word that you answer correctly and quickly, you probably know well
+
''Goodbye, everyone!''
−
* calendar days since you last practiced a word can be counted; people forget over time
 
  
−
The order of learning then becomes completely flexible. There is no "ladder", just a few numbers for each word saying stuff like how well you seem to know it and how recently you last messed up. The software chooses what word to practice next based on the whole picture--'''or''' the user can choose a set of words ("today I want to learn all the colors")--and it makes no difference.
+
;'''coi''' (COI): Vocative. Used to express greeting. (cf. rinsa)
  
−
My estimate is that a program using these ideas could let people learn vocabulary just as thoroughly, using 80% to 90% of the time it takes with current software. That's not a huge difference. What's more important is that error-tolerant, user-controllable flashcard software should be much less frustrating to use.
+
** Keywords: Hi, hello, howdy, hail, salaam.
  
−
''moving towards a design:''
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coi pe mi pendo do mo<br />
  
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each pass should consist of:
+
''Hello my friend, what are you up to?''
  
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# looking over all the words, and calculating your ''need'' to study that word.
+
;'''fe'o''' (COI): Vocative. Used to indicate the end of a conversation or discussion.
  
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** ''need'' would take into account
+
** Keywords: Over and out.
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*** the frequency of the word. (you ''need'' '''mukti''' more than '''muzga'''.)
 
  
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*** how much you've screwed it up, and how recently
+
.ai mi na stali lo nu tirna ti .i fe'o<br />
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*** how often you get it right, and how recently
 
  
−
*** expressed desire to study differing portions of the vocabulary
+
''I'm not staying to listen to this! Have a nice day!''  
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*** how recently the word has been tested. attempts to determine if you've slept since the last testing, based on timezone, etc, could be included.
 
  
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**** whether or not you've done '''any''' drilling at all recently could be important, as well.
+
;'''fi'i''' (COI): Vocative. Used to greet cordially a visitor or recent arrival, express hospitality.
  
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# choose a word at random to test you on, with the weights for each word being your ''need'' to learn that word.
+
** Keywords: Welcome, make yourself at home.
  
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# construct an appropriate test for that word.
+
fi'i .djan. mi'a denpa tu'a do<br />
  
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** are there any similar words (levenshtein distance <= 2, or semantically similar), which you also have a strong ''need'' to study?
+
''Welcome, John! We were waiting for you.''
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** are there any similar words which you have a negligable need to study?
 
  
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** adjust the choices presented to the testee to maximize confusion, and the number of ''need''ed words.
+
;'''fi'i nai''' (COI*): Vocative. Used to express inhospitality.
  
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# judge the answer
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** Keywords:
  
−
** the judging needs to be slightly forgiving, taking typos and such into account, while knowing something about the language. for instance, getting the last vowel wrong of a gismu isn't quite so big a problem as getting a different letter wrong. (by getting the last vowel wrong, you bring it within levenshtein distance 1 of a new set of words, but not levenshtein distance 2 of the original. i think. something along those lines. it is still a lesser error as the possible alternatives are fewer. maybe i should put some thought into the possibility of hausdorffian leveshtein distances. :)
+
le'o ko na rivbi fi'i nai palci je tolvri danlu<br />
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** the relative positioning of the answers, based on the standard keyboard layout, should be taken into consideration. (for instance, if you have to pick the right answer by entering a single digit. the right answer and the wrong answer are right next to each other. maybe you shouldn't get as many 'points' for getting it right, as you would if the right answer and the wrong answer are 5 keys away.)
 
  
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# lots of information should be recorded.
+
''Grr! Avoid not, unwelcome evil and cowardly beast!''
  
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** reaction times, given the set of alternates presented, etc. it would be nice if absolutely everything was recorded, so that the flashcard session could be played back by researchers. (maybe not mouse movement, or inter-keystroke timings, but maybe how long it takes to start typing, and how long it takes to finish, etc)
+
;'''je'e''' (COI): Vocative. Used to indicate reception of a message, acknowledge offers and thanks.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: Roger, got it, gotcha, okay, you're welcome.
 +
 
 +
zo .faidon. cu pagbu cy. ly. ly.<br />
 +
 
 +
je'e<br />
 +
 
 +
''"faidon" is in CLL.''<br />
 +
 
 +
''Okay.''<br />
 +
 
 +
;'''je'e nai''' (COI*): Vocative. Used to deny acknowledgement or indicate that a message was not understood.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: Excuse me? Pardon?
 +
 
 +
je'e nai .i mi na jimpe<br />
 +
 
 +
''Sorry, I don't understand.''
 +
 
 +
;'''ju'i''' (COI): Vocative. Used to attract attention.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: Hey.
 +
 
 +
ju'i lobypli<br />
 +
 
 +
''Hey, Lojbanist!''
 +
 
 +
ju'i .djan. ko catlu ti<br />
 +
 
 +
''Hey, John, look at this.''
 +
 
 +
;'''ju'i cu'i''' (COI*): Vocative. Used to suggest a normal level of attention, for instance as a command for troops to assume a relaxed position.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: At ease.
 +
 
 +
ju'i cu'i sonci<br />
 +
 
 +
''At ease, soldiers.''
 +
 
 +
;'''ju'i nai''' (COI*): Vocative. Used to draw attention away from oneself.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: Ignore me, nevermind.
 +
 
 +
ua mi ba'o tolcri ju'i nai<br />
 +
 
 +
''Oh, I found it, nevermind.''
 +
 
 +
;'''ke'o''' (COI): Vocative. Used to ask for repetition. (cf. je'e nai)
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: please repeat
 +
 
 +
ke'o do'u mi na pu tirna<br />
 +
 
 +
''What did you say? I didn't hear.''
 +
 
 +
;'''ke'o nai''' (COI): Vocative. Used to express that an utterance does not need to be repeated. (cf. je'e)
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: You don't need to repeat
 +
 
 +
ke'o nai do mi'a pu tirna ca lo krefu be fi li pa<br />
 +
 
 +
''All right, we heard you the first time.''
 +
 
 +
;'''ki'e''' (COI): Vocative. Used to express gratitude.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: Thanks.
 +
 
 +
ki'e sai .i ti melbi<br />
 +
 
 +
''Thank you very much! It's beautiful.''
 +
 
 +
;'''ki'e nai''' (COI*): Vocative. Used to express that an expected help was not received.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: No thanks to you.
 +
 
 +
mi ba'o facki ki'e nai<br />
 +
 
 +
''I've found it myself, no thanks to you!''
 +
 
 +
;'''mi'e''' (COI): Used for self-introduction.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords:
 +
 
 +
coi mi'e nolraitru be le munje<br />
 +
 
 +
''Hi, I'm the King of the Universe.''
 +
 
 +
;'''mi'e nai''' (COI*): Use for denial of identity.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords:
 +
 
 +
coi djan<br />
 +
 
 +
mi'e nai djan<br />
 +
 
 +
''Hi, John.''<br />
 +
 
 +
''I'm not John.''<br />
 +
 
 +
;'''mu'o''' (COI): Vocative. Used to give up the floor.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: over
 +
 
 +
do ma zvati mu'o<br />
 +
 
 +
''What's your location? Over.''
 +
 
 +
;'''mu'o nai''' (COI*): Vocative. Used to continue to hold the floor.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: more to come
 +
 
 +
i je ko'a ma mi cusku pau nai mu'o nai<br />
 +
 
 +
''And what did they tell me?''
 +
 
 +
;'''nu'e''' (COI): Vocative. Used to make a promise.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: I promise.
 +
 
 +
nu'e do'u mi ba xruti za lo cacra be li me'i pa<br />
 +
 
 +
''I promise I'll be back in less than an hour.''
 +
 
 +
;'''nu'e cu'i''' (COI*): Vocative. Used to indicate that one is not promising anything.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: No promises.
 +
 
 +
.a'i sai mi cpacu va'u do nu'e cu'i<br />
 +
 
 +
''I'll do my best to get it for you, but I don't promise anything.''
 +
 
 +
;'''nu'e nai''' (COI*): Vocative. Used to take back a promise.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords:
 +
 
 +
nu'e do'u mi na za'u re'u pante ca le cabdei .i .yy go'i nu'e nai .i .oi ti rigni<br />
 +
 
 +
''I promise I won't complain again today. Umm... I better take that back. This stinks!''
 +
 
 +
;'''pe'u''' (COI): Vocative. Used to make a polite request.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: Please.
 +
 
 +
pe'u do'u ko na dunda lo cidja le danlu<br />
 +
 
 +
''Please don't feed the animals.''
 +
 
 +
;'''re'i''' (COI): Vocative. Used to express readiness to listen.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: Ready to receive.
 +
 
 +
re'i do'u do ma sisku<br />
 +
 
 +
''Yes? What were you looking for?''
 +
 
 +
;'''re'i nai''' (COI*): Vocative. Used to indicate not being ready to listen or pay attention.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: Not ready to receive.
 +
 
 +
ko denpa ze'a lo mentu re'i nai<br />
 +
 
 +
''Just wait a minute please.''
 +
 
 +
;'''ta'a''' (COI): Vocative. Used to interrupt.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: Excuse me, pardon me
 +
 
 +
ta'a da ma stuzi lo vimku'a<br />
 +
 
 +
''Excuse me, could someone tell me where the bathroom is?''
 +
 
 +
;'''vi'o''' (COI): Vocative. Used to indicate readiness to comply.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: Wilco (ack and will comply), will do.
 +
 
 +
pe'u do'u ko kargau lo canko<br />
 +
 
 +
vi'o<br />
 +
 
 +
''Could you please open a window?''<br />
 +
 
 +
''Sure.''
 +
 
 +
;'''doi''' (DOI): Vocative. Used to identify intended listener.
 +
 
 +
** Keywords:
 +
 
 +
ko ti klama doi gerku<br />
 +
 
 +
''Come here doggie.''
 +
 
 +
;'''do'u''' (DOhU): Terminator for COI and DOI phrases. (cf. doi, be'e, co'o, coi, fe'o, fi'i, je'e, ju'i, ke'o, ki'e, mi'e, mu'o, nu'e, pe'u, re'i, ta'a, vi'o)
 +
 
 +
** Keywords: end vocative
 +
 
 +
===  Notes ===
 +
 
 +
* '''coi co'o''' and '''doi do'u'''  were removed. No special definition needed.
 +
 
 +
*'''nu'e cu'i''' was changed to "non-promise", becasue "promise realease" didn't seem to fit the scale. To release someone else from a promise one could use perhaps '''nu'e nai dai'''?
 +
 
 +
* Merge ''COI'' and ''DOI'' post-dotside? — donri
 +
 
 +
===  Poll ===
 +
 
 +
{POLL(pollId=>33)}BPFK Poll: Vocatives{POLL}

Revision as of 16:45, 4 November 2013

Proposed Definitions And Examples

be'e (COI)
Vocative. Used to make a request to speak. (cf. ju'i, ta'a)
    • Keywords: Request to send.

be'e nolni'u io

re'i

.e'o ga'i nai ko dunda lo sicni

Pardon me, ma'am.

Yes?

Can you spare a dime?

co'o (COI)
Vocative. Used to express an acknowledgement of parting. (cf. tolrinsa)
    • Keywords: Bye-bye, goodbye, farewell, so long, adieu, Godspeed.

co'o ro do

Goodbye, everyone!

coi (COI)
Vocative. Used to express greeting. (cf. rinsa)
    • Keywords: Hi, hello, howdy, hail, salaam.

coi pe mi pendo do mo

Hello my friend, what are you up to?

fe'o (COI)
Vocative. Used to indicate the end of a conversation or discussion.
    • Keywords: Over and out.

.ai mi na stali lo nu tirna ti .i fe'o

I'm not staying to listen to this! Have a nice day!

fi'i (COI)
Vocative. Used to greet cordially a visitor or recent arrival, express hospitality.
    • Keywords: Welcome, make yourself at home.

fi'i .djan. mi'a denpa tu'a do

Welcome, John! We were waiting for you.

fi'i nai (COI*)
Vocative. Used to express inhospitality.
    • Keywords:

le'o ko na rivbi fi'i nai palci je tolvri danlu

Grr! Avoid not, unwelcome evil and cowardly beast!

je'e (COI)
Vocative. Used to indicate reception of a message, acknowledge offers and thanks.
    • Keywords: Roger, got it, gotcha, okay, you're welcome.

zo .faidon. cu pagbu cy. ly. ly.

je'e

"faidon" is in CLL.

Okay.

je'e nai (COI*)
Vocative. Used to deny acknowledgement or indicate that a message was not understood.
    • Keywords: Excuse me? Pardon?

je'e nai .i mi na jimpe

Sorry, I don't understand.

ju'i (COI)
Vocative. Used to attract attention.
    • Keywords: Hey.

ju'i lobypli

Hey, Lojbanist!

ju'i .djan. ko catlu ti

Hey, John, look at this.

ju'i cu'i (COI*)
Vocative. Used to suggest a normal level of attention, for instance as a command for troops to assume a relaxed position.
    • Keywords: At ease.

ju'i cu'i sonci

At ease, soldiers.

ju'i nai (COI*)
Vocative. Used to draw attention away from oneself.
    • Keywords: Ignore me, nevermind.

ua mi ba'o tolcri ju'i nai

Oh, I found it, nevermind.

ke'o (COI)
Vocative. Used to ask for repetition. (cf. je'e nai)
    • Keywords: please repeat

ke'o do'u mi na pu tirna

What did you say? I didn't hear.

ke'o nai (COI)
Vocative. Used to express that an utterance does not need to be repeated. (cf. je'e)
    • Keywords: You don't need to repeat

ke'o nai do mi'a pu tirna ca lo krefu be fi li pa

All right, we heard you the first time.

ki'e (COI)
Vocative. Used to express gratitude.
    • Keywords: Thanks.

ki'e sai .i ti melbi

Thank you very much! It's beautiful.

ki'e nai (COI*)
Vocative. Used to express that an expected help was not received.
    • Keywords: No thanks to you.

mi ba'o facki ki'e nai

I've found it myself, no thanks to you!

mi'e (COI)
Used for self-introduction.
    • Keywords:

coi mi'e nolraitru be le munje

Hi, I'm the King of the Universe.

mi'e nai (COI*)
Use for denial of identity.
    • Keywords:

coi djan

mi'e nai djan

Hi, John.

I'm not John.

mu'o (COI)
Vocative. Used to give up the floor.
    • Keywords: over

do ma zvati mu'o

What's your location? Over.

mu'o nai (COI*)
Vocative. Used to continue to hold the floor.
    • Keywords: more to come

i je ko'a ma mi cusku pau nai mu'o nai

And what did they tell me?

nu'e (COI)
Vocative. Used to make a promise.
    • Keywords: I promise.

nu'e do'u mi ba xruti za lo cacra be li me'i pa

I promise I'll be back in less than an hour.

nu'e cu'i (COI*)
Vocative. Used to indicate that one is not promising anything.
    • Keywords: No promises.

.a'i sai mi cpacu va'u do nu'e cu'i

I'll do my best to get it for you, but I don't promise anything.

nu'e nai (COI*)
Vocative. Used to take back a promise.
    • Keywords:

nu'e do'u mi na za'u re'u pante ca le cabdei .i .yy go'i nu'e nai .i .oi ti rigni

I promise I won't complain again today. Umm... I better take that back. This stinks!

pe'u (COI)
Vocative. Used to make a polite request.
    • Keywords: Please.

pe'u do'u ko na dunda lo cidja le danlu

Please don't feed the animals.

re'i (COI)
Vocative. Used to express readiness to listen.
    • Keywords: Ready to receive.

re'i do'u do ma sisku

Yes? What were you looking for?

re'i nai (COI*)
Vocative. Used to indicate not being ready to listen or pay attention.
    • Keywords: Not ready to receive.

ko denpa ze'a lo mentu re'i nai

Just wait a minute please.

ta'a (COI)
Vocative. Used to interrupt.
    • Keywords: Excuse me, pardon me

ta'a da ma stuzi lo vimku'a

Excuse me, could someone tell me where the bathroom is?

vi'o (COI)
Vocative. Used to indicate readiness to comply.
    • Keywords: Wilco (ack and will comply), will do.

pe'u do'u ko kargau lo canko

vi'o

Could you please open a window?

Sure.

doi (DOI)
Vocative. Used to identify intended listener.
    • Keywords:

ko ti klama doi gerku

Come here doggie.

do'u (DOhU)
Terminator for COI and DOI phrases. (cf. doi, be'e, co'o, coi, fe'o, fi'i, je'e, ju'i, ke'o, ki'e, mi'e, mu'o, nu'e, pe'u, re'i, ta'a, vi'o)
    • Keywords: end vocative

Notes

  • coi co'o and doi do'u were removed. No special definition needed.
  • nu'e cu'i was changed to "non-promise", becasue "promise realease" didn't seem to fit the scale. To release someone else from a promise one could use perhaps nu'e nai dai?
  • Merge COI and DOI post-dotside? — donri

Poll

{POLL(pollId=>33)}BPFK Poll: Vocatives{POLL}

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