BPFK Section: Irrealis Attitudinals: Difference between revisions

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{{BPFK Section from tiki|BPFK Section: Irrealis Attitudinals|26}}
==Proposed definitions ==


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=== cmavo: .a'i (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express effort / endeavor / exertion / labor / pains / strife / toil.


See also [[jbocre: Lojban Ideography|Lojban Ideography]]
==== See Also ====
* {troci}
* {gunka}
* {slunandu}
* {selprogunka}
* {fu'i nai}


==== Latin ====
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* effort


*A [[jbocre: Loglan|Loglan]]-compatible orthography for the purposes of rapproachment with the [[TLI|TLI]] has been proposed: [http://balance.wiw.org/~jkominek/lojban/9602/msg00071.html] . Since the rapproachment never eventuated, the proposal is in limbo.
==== Usage Examples ====
*[[jbocre: And Rosta|And Rosta]] is notorious for using (''but only prior to the baseline and publication of [[jbocre: Codex Woldemar oldy|Codex Woldemar oldy]]!'') and [[User:Mark Shoulson|Mark Shoulson]] is still sympathetic to, [[jbocre: apostropheless alternative orthographies|apostropheless alternative orthographies]].
;.a'i mi ze'a ba ralte :''I'm trying to hold it!''


*It's been proposed to use acute accent marks instead of those ugly capitals in order to mark stress. It's not ASCII, but it's still Latin-1. '''I assume you mean one of { ` }?'''
;.a'i mi ba gasnu lo nu do cikna binxo :''It'll be hard for me to wake you up.''
** Accute = /; grave = \.
{{BPFK Section box close}}


*[[jbocre: Capitals as letter names|Capitals as letter names]]
{{BPFK Section box open}}
*How about [[jbocre: Lojban calligraphy|Lojban calligraphy]]?
=== cmavo: .a'i cu'i (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express effortlessness / ease / facility / no special effort


==== Extant Scripts ====
==== See Also ====
* {selfrili}
* {fu'i}


*[[jbocre: The Book|The Book]] describes a Cyrillic orthography for Lojban, devised by [[jbocre: Ivan Derzhanski|Ivan Derzhanski]]. The equivalences are as you'd expect; ''y'' is represented by the hard sign (as in Bulgarian).  As originally designed, ' was represented by the soft sign, but in the Book ' is used unchanged.  Period and comma are also unchanged.
==== Proposed Keywords ====
*Adam & .aulun. have given us a [[jbocre: Hebrew Orthography|Hebrew Orthography]] finally based on Yiddish writing conventions (proving to be best for Lojban).


*I propose an [[jbocre: Arabic Orthography|Arabic Orthography]] -- mi'e filip.
==== Usage Examples ====
** ( one is documented [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/1fe6b70c875c3a2b here] )
;.a'i cu'i ti frili :''Ah, this is easy.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}


*[[jbocre: .kreig.daniyl.|.kreig.daniyl.]] has written an orthography for [[jbocre: estrangela|estrangela]].
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*A [[jbocre: Katakana Orthography|Katakana Orthography]] is being mooted.
=== cmavo: .a'i nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express repose / inaction / inactivity / passivity / lackadaisicalness / indolence


*About to lose his last sense for rationality, .aulun.'s pondering about a [[jbocre: Hiragana|Hiragana]] script for Lojban. :(
==== See Also ====
**How about mixing Katakana and Hiragana? (!) -- [email protected]
* {toltoi}
* {cando}
* {guksurla}


*While we're having fun with strange scripts, how about a [[jbocre: Mongolian|Mongolian]] orthography?
==== Proposed Keywords ====
*Speaking of Mongolian, here's another [http://www.angelfire.com/folk/sm0p/lojban-bithe.html ongol orthography.]


**(To be precise, it's a [[jbocre: Manchu orthography|Manchu orthography]].)
==== Usage Examples ====
*And there's also a [[jbocre: Devanagari orthography|Devanagari orthography]] now.
;.a'i nai cikre ta :''Nah, why bother fixing it.''
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*Perhaps we should try a [[jbocre: Hangul|Hangul]] orthography.
{{BPFK Section box open}}
**Eek, you just beat me to suggesting it!
=== cmavo: .ai (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express intent / intentionality / purpose / design


**Sorry! [http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/mesg/smileys/4.gif]
==== See Also ====
*How's about a [[jbocre: Georgian Orthography|Georgian Orthography]]?
* {zukte}
* {platu}


*[[jbocre: jbopomofo|jbopomofo]]
==== Proposed Keywords ====


==== Fictional Scripts ====
==== Usage Examples ====
;.ai mi ze'e ba jmive :'''I intend to live forever.''


*The [http://www.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/u/relipper/tolkien/rootpage.html olkien] script [http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/4948/tengwar/index.htm engwar] has been [[jbocre: Tengwar roposed as another way of writing Lojban|Tengwar roposed as another way of writing Lojban]]. The proposal originally came from prominent ex-Lojbanist [http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/ ric Raymond], which has made its repute spread far and wide.
;.ai le mi cukta do sidju gi'e pacnygau :''I intend for my book to give you help and hope.''
**'''[[jbocre: Why Tengwar?]]''' <- [[jbocre: discussion on whether this is a Good Thing|discussion on whether this is a Good Thing]]
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*The [[jbocre: Apollonian alphabet|Apollonian alphabet]] has also been proposed.
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*[[jbocre: pne|pne]] have also played around with a [[jbocre: Verdurian orthography|Verdurian orthography]].
=== cmavo: .ai cu'i (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express indecision / hesitation / vacillation / wavering.


See also [[jbocre: Technical Issues With Alternate Orthographies|Technical Issues With Alternate Orthographies]].
==== See Also ====
* {y}


==== Original Scripts ====
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* indecision
* hesitation


*[[jbocre: Original lojban orthography roposal for a totally original orthography for lojban|Original lojban orthography roposal for a totally original orthography for lojban]]
==== Usage Examples ====
*Lindar's [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/msg/9a0a9c276e6f8f1f arlermorna]
;.ai cu'i mi ti ba te vecnu :''I don't know whether I'll purchase these or not.''
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*[https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AiofPj-7nZpwdHppa3oxU2hGUDdQSWxmZDhaWTdBaUE&hl=en&authkey=CJyrpOQD tino's version]] of [http://www.ccelian.com/ElianScriptFull.html lian script]
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=== cmavo: .ai nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express non-intent / unintentionality / accidentality / unplannedness.


==== Related silliness ====
==== See Also ====
* {selsnuti}


* [[jbocre: R2D2 Lojban]]
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* [[jbocre: Proper Lojban Orthography|Proper Lojban Orthography]]
* unintentional
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.ai nai mi gunka ca le pavdei :''I'm not planning to work on Monday.''
 
;.ai nai mi jmina lo valsi poi mi finti :''I don't mean to add words of my own devising.''
 
;.ai nai do pu se xrani :''I didn't mean for you to get hurt.''
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=== cmavo: .au (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express desire / wish / yearning / aspiration.
 
==== See Also ====
* {djica}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.au lo tricu cu krati lo ro se genja gi'e sfasa lo kusru be gy :''Would that the trees might speak on behalf of all things that have roots, and punish those that wrong them!''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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=== cmavo: .au cu'i (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express indifference / apathy / disinterest.
 
==== See Also ====
* {nordji}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* indifference
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.au cu'i makau jinga :''I don't really care who wins.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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=== cmavo: .au nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express reluctance / averseness / disinclination.
 
==== See Also ====
* {toldji}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
 
====Usage Examples ====
;.au nai mi cliva :''I'm reluctant to leave.''
 
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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===cmavo: .a'o (UI1) ===
====Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express hope / longing.
====See Also ====
* pacna
 
====Usage Examples ====
;.a'o le nobli cu gidva lo se zukte be mi :''Oh, that the Lord would guide my ways.''
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=== cmavo: .a'o nai (UI*1) ===
 
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express despair / hopelessness / dread / fear that a situation ensues.
 
==== See Also ====
* {tolpa'a}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* despair
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.a'o nai ro da ca se cirko :''Everything will be lost now.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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=== cmavo: .ei (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express obligation / how things ought to be.
 
==== See Also ====
* {bilga}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* obligation
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.ei mi cliva co'o :''Gotta go now, bye!''
 
;.ei le jatna cu ckeji :''The president ought to be ashamed.''
 
;.ei do djuno :''You ought to know.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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=== cmavo: .ei nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express  freedom / lack of obligation / how things need not be.
 
==== See Also ====
* {zifre}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* freedom
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.ei nai do tolnurcni :''You don't have to feel threatened.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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=== cmavo: .e'a (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to permit / allow / grant permission / authorization / consent / license.
 
==== See Also ====
* {curmi}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* allow
* permission
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.e'a do tsebi'o :''You may sit down.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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=== cmavo: .e'a nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to prohibit / forbid / deny permission / authorization / consent / license.
 
==== See Also ====
* {tolcru}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* prohibit
* forbid
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.e'a nai do ti stali :''You can't stay here.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
{{BPFK Section box open}}
=== cmavo: .e'e (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to exhort / incite / motivate / encourage / entreat / stimulate / challenge / dare / provoke / invite competition.
 
==== See Also ====
* {talsa}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.e'e ko jarco lo se kakne be do :''Show them what you can do! Go for it!''
 
;.e'e mi do bajra jivna fe'e co'u le karce :''I'll race you to the car!''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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=== cmavo: .e'e nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to discourage / intimidate / demoralize / deprecate / dampen / bridle / avoid / dodge / elude / duck / evade / back off / withdraw.
 
==== See Also ====
* {zunti}
* {dicra}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.e'e nai doi nelis :''Whoa, Nelly!''
 
;.e'e nai mi bilga lo nu zukte lo drata :''Sorry, I have other things to do.''
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=== cmavo: .e'i (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to command / dictate / instruct / order / oblige / constrain / impose an obligation.
 
==== See Also ====
* {minde}
* {ri'urgau}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
 
====Usage Examples ====
;.e'i ko ta mi dunda :''Give that to me!''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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=== cmavo: .e'i nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to discharge / absolve / dismiss / exonerate / liberate / release / unbind / free of an obligation.
 
==== See Also ====
* {zi'ergau}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
 
====Usage Examples ====
;.e'i nai ko zukte lo se djica be do :''Do whatever you please!''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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=== cmavo: .e'o (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to make a request.
 
==== See Also ====
* {cpedu}
* {pe'u}
* {ko}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* request
 
====Usage Examples ====
;.e'o do dunda le silna mi :''Can you pass me the salt, please?''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
{{BPFK Section box open}}
=== cmavo: .e'o nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to grant / cede / proffer / make an offer.
 
==== See Also ====
* {friti}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.e'o nai ko lebna lo titla :''Here, have some candy.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
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=== cmavo: .e'u (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to suggest / persuade / advise.
 
==== See Also ====
* {stidi}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* suggestion
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.e'u mi'o salci :''Let's party!''
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=== cmavo: .e'u nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to dissuade / warn / disadvise.
 
==== See Also ====
* {kajde}
* {o'i}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;.e'u nai do kargau le moklu :''You better not open your mouth.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
{{BPFK Section box open}}
=== cmavo: ia (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express belief / conviction / faith / certainty
 
==== See Also ====
* {krici}
* {birti}
* {jinvi}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;ia lo cevni cu zasti :''Indeed God exists.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
{{BPFK Section box open}}
=== cmavo: ia cu'i (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express skepticism / doubt / agnosticism / uncertainty.
 
==== See Also ====
* {senpi}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* doubt
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;ia cu'i lo cevni cu zasti :''Hmm ... God may or may not exist.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
{{BPFK Section box open}}
=== cmavo: ia nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express disbelief / incredulity / rejection
 
==== See Also ====
* {tolkri}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* disbelief
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;ia nai lo cevni cu zasti :''I don't believe God exists.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
{{BPFK Section box open}}
=== cmavo: ie (UI1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express agreement / concordance / accord / concurrence.
 
==== See Also ====
* {tugni}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* agreement
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;ie ta melbi :''Yes, that's beautiful.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
{{BPFK Section box open}}
=== cmavo: ie nai (UI*1) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Attitudinal. Used to express disagreement / dissent / contention / difference / argument.
 
==== See Also ====
* {toltu'i}
 
==== Proposed Keywords ====
* disagreement
 
==== Usage Examples ====
;ie nai go'i :''I disagree with that.''
{{BPFK Section box close}}
 
=== Notes ===
 
* The definitions of ''e'e'' and ''e'i'' are based on a very loose interpretation of some of the keywords, so that they fit the e-series, which in all other cases expresses the speaker's attitude towards the audience's bringing about some situation.
 
* '''ai nai''' changed from rejection / refusal (which is '''i'a nai''') to unintentionality / accidentality / unplannedness.
 
* '''e'o nai''' "make an offer", instead of "negative request"?
** I have no idea what a "negative request" is. I do, however, see how "offer" is a negative of "request". - .aionys.
 
* '''e'u cu'i''' "abandon suggestion"?
 
* selpa'i uses {.ei} as "should" and {.e'i} as "must" (as in {.e'i mi'o denpa .i lo sorpeka pu'o zvati}), I (camgusmis) think that's pretty good.  The {.e'e} here is obviously out of the question, and I think keeping something like "must" is worth it, too, and closer to what we have.
** That was long ago, I now prefer {.e'i} as proposed on this page, and I'm a big fan of the proposed {.e'e}.--[[selpa'i]]
=== Section Issues ===
 
* Recent discussions have brought up the question of whether a realis/irrealis dichotomy makes sense at all, or whether all bridi are implicitly semi-realis, with some attitudinals leading to stronger implications one way or the other. Public opinion seems to be in favor of removing the split. If so, the definitions may need to be tweaked to make this more clear. If not, then someone needs to speak up in defense of the split.
 
 
[http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/dc6bb04a6f9167f3 The realis/irrealis distinction] has been rather hotly debated over the years. It is my ( Lindar ) opinion that the reality/irreality of the UI is dependent upon the reality/irreality of the jufra, and can be indicated with da'i/da'inai or some other kind of marker. This way ''ni'o .a'o mi klama'' can mean ''I hope I go.'' in one instance and ''I'm going, about which I feel hopeful.'' for another, rather than being restricted to one meaning.
 
===Poll ===
 
{{BPFK Section poll| {POLL(pollId=>24)}BPFK Poll: Irrealis Attitudinals{POLL} }}
[[Category:BPFK Sections including selma'o UI|I]]

Latest revision as of 23:12, 3 April 2020

This page is imported from version 26 of the page BPFK Section: Irrealis Attitudinals from the lojban Tiki.

Proposed definitions

cmavo: .a'i (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express effort / endeavor / exertion / labor / pains / strife / toil.

See Also

  • {troci}
  • {gunka}
  • {slunandu}
  • {selprogunka}
  • {fu'i nai}

Proposed Keywords

  • effort

Usage Examples

.a'i mi ze'a ba ralte
I'm trying to hold it!
.a'i mi ba gasnu lo nu do cikna binxo
It'll be hard for me to wake you up.


cmavo: .a'i cu'i (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express effortlessness / ease / facility / no special effort

See Also

  • {selfrili}
  • {fu'i}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.a'i cu'i ti frili
Ah, this is easy.


cmavo: .a'i nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express repose / inaction / inactivity / passivity / lackadaisicalness / indolence

See Also

  • {toltoi}
  • {cando}
  • {guksurla}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.a'i nai cikre ta
Nah, why bother fixing it.


cmavo: .ai (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express intent / intentionality / purpose / design

See Also

  • {zukte}
  • {platu}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.ai mi ze'e ba jmive
'I intend to live forever.
.ai le mi cukta do sidju gi'e pacnygau
I intend for my book to give you help and hope.


cmavo: .ai cu'i (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express indecision / hesitation / vacillation / wavering.

See Also

  • {y}

Proposed Keywords

  • indecision
  • hesitation

Usage Examples

.ai cu'i mi ti ba te vecnu
I don't know whether I'll purchase these or not.


cmavo: .ai nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express non-intent / unintentionality / accidentality / unplannedness.

See Also

  • {selsnuti}

Proposed Keywords

  • unintentional

Usage Examples

.ai nai mi gunka ca le pavdei
I'm not planning to work on Monday.
.ai nai mi jmina lo valsi poi mi finti
I don't mean to add words of my own devising.
.ai nai do pu se xrani
I didn't mean for you to get hurt.


cmavo: .au (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express desire / wish / yearning / aspiration.

See Also

  • {djica}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.au lo tricu cu krati lo ro se genja gi'e sfasa lo kusru be gy
Would that the trees might speak on behalf of all things that have roots, and punish those that wrong them!


cmavo: .au cu'i (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express indifference / apathy / disinterest.

See Also

  • {nordji}

Proposed Keywords

  • indifference

Usage Examples

.au cu'i makau jinga
I don't really care who wins.


cmavo: .au nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express reluctance / averseness / disinclination.

See Also

  • {toldji}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.au nai mi cliva
I'm reluctant to leave.



cmavo: .a'o (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express hope / longing.

See Also

  • pacna

Usage Examples

.a'o le nobli cu gidva lo se zukte be mi
Oh, that the Lord would guide my ways.


cmavo: .a'o nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express despair / hopelessness / dread / fear that a situation ensues.

See Also

  • {tolpa'a}

Proposed Keywords

  • despair

Usage Examples

.a'o nai ro da ca se cirko
Everything will be lost now.


cmavo: .ei (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express obligation / how things ought to be.

See Also

  • {bilga}

Proposed Keywords

  • obligation

Usage Examples

.ei mi cliva co'o
Gotta go now, bye!
.ei le jatna cu ckeji
The president ought to be ashamed.
.ei do djuno
You ought to know.


cmavo: .ei nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express freedom / lack of obligation / how things need not be.

See Also

  • {zifre}

Proposed Keywords

  • freedom

Usage Examples

.ei nai do tolnurcni
You don't have to feel threatened.


cmavo: .e'a (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to permit / allow / grant permission / authorization / consent / license.

See Also

  • {curmi}

Proposed Keywords

  • allow
  • permission

Usage Examples

.e'a do tsebi'o
You may sit down.


cmavo: .e'a nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to prohibit / forbid / deny permission / authorization / consent / license.

See Also

  • {tolcru}

Proposed Keywords

  • prohibit
  • forbid

Usage Examples

.e'a nai do ti stali
You can't stay here.


cmavo: .e'e (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to exhort / incite / motivate / encourage / entreat / stimulate / challenge / dare / provoke / invite competition.

See Also

  • {talsa}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.e'e ko jarco lo se kakne be do
Show them what you can do! Go for it!
.e'e mi do bajra jivna fe'e co'u le karce
I'll race you to the car!


cmavo: .e'e nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to discourage / intimidate / demoralize / deprecate / dampen / bridle / avoid / dodge / elude / duck / evade / back off / withdraw.

See Also

  • {zunti}
  • {dicra}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.e'e nai doi nelis
Whoa, Nelly!
.e'e nai mi bilga lo nu zukte lo drata
Sorry, I have other things to do.


cmavo: .e'i (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to command / dictate / instruct / order / oblige / constrain / impose an obligation.

See Also

  • {minde}
  • {ri'urgau}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.e'i ko ta mi dunda
Give that to me!


cmavo: .e'i nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to discharge / absolve / dismiss / exonerate / liberate / release / unbind / free of an obligation.

See Also

  • {zi'ergau}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.e'i nai ko zukte lo se djica be do
Do whatever you please!


cmavo: .e'o (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to make a request.

See Also

  • {cpedu}
  • {pe'u}
  • {ko}

Proposed Keywords

  • request

Usage Examples

.e'o do dunda le silna mi
Can you pass me the salt, please?


cmavo: .e'o nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to grant / cede / proffer / make an offer.

See Also

  • {friti}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.e'o nai ko lebna lo titla
Here, have some candy.


cmavo: .e'u (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to suggest / persuade / advise.

See Also

  • {stidi}

Proposed Keywords

  • suggestion

Usage Examples

.e'u mi'o salci
Let's party!


cmavo: .e'u nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to dissuade / warn / disadvise.

See Also

  • {kajde}
  • {o'i}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

.e'u nai do kargau le moklu
You better not open your mouth.


cmavo: ia (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express belief / conviction / faith / certainty

See Also

  • {krici}
  • {birti}
  • {jinvi}

Proposed Keywords

Usage Examples

ia lo cevni cu zasti
Indeed God exists.


cmavo: ia cu'i (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express skepticism / doubt / agnosticism / uncertainty.

See Also

  • {senpi}

Proposed Keywords

  • doubt

Usage Examples

ia cu'i lo cevni cu zasti
Hmm ... God may or may not exist.


cmavo: ia nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express disbelief / incredulity / rejection

See Also

  • {tolkri}

Proposed Keywords

  • disbelief

Usage Examples

ia nai lo cevni cu zasti
I don't believe God exists.


cmavo: ie (UI1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express agreement / concordance / accord / concurrence.

See Also

  • {tugni}

Proposed Keywords

  • agreement

Usage Examples

ie ta melbi
Yes, that's beautiful.


cmavo: ie nai (UI*1)

Proposed Definition

Attitudinal. Used to express disagreement / dissent / contention / difference / argument.

See Also

  • {toltu'i}

Proposed Keywords

  • disagreement

Usage Examples

ie nai go'i
I disagree with that.


Notes

  • The definitions of e'e and e'i are based on a very loose interpretation of some of the keywords, so that they fit the e-series, which in all other cases expresses the speaker's attitude towards the audience's bringing about some situation.
  • ai nai changed from rejection / refusal (which is i'a nai) to unintentionality / accidentality / unplannedness.
  • e'o nai "make an offer", instead of "negative request"?
    • I have no idea what a "negative request" is. I do, however, see how "offer" is a negative of "request". - .aionys.
  • e'u cu'i "abandon suggestion"?
  • selpa'i uses {.ei} as "should" and {.e'i} as "must" (as in {.e'i mi'o denpa .i lo sorpeka pu'o zvati}), I (camgusmis) think that's pretty good. The {.e'e} here is obviously out of the question, and I think keeping something like "must" is worth it, too, and closer to what we have.
    • That was long ago, I now prefer {.e'i} as proposed on this page, and I'm a big fan of the proposed {.e'e}.--selpa'i

Section Issues

  • Recent discussions have brought up the question of whether a realis/irrealis dichotomy makes sense at all, or whether all bridi are implicitly semi-realis, with some attitudinals leading to stronger implications one way or the other. Public opinion seems to be in favor of removing the split. If so, the definitions may need to be tweaked to make this more clear. If not, then someone needs to speak up in defense of the split.


The realis/irrealis distinction has been rather hotly debated over the years. It is my ( Lindar ) opinion that the reality/irreality of the UI is dependent upon the reality/irreality of the jufra, and can be indicated with da'i/da'inai or some other kind of marker. This way ni'o .a'o mi klama can mean I hope I go. in one instance and I'm going, about which I feel hopeful. for another, rather than being restricted to one meaning.

Poll

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