View source for inconsistent Gismu Place Structures Gotcha


Some [[gismu|gismu]] have unexpected place structures.

*Almost all gismu for animal or plant species have individual x1 of species x2, except:
** Among animals, [[lanme|lanme]] and [[tirxu|tirxu]], which add a third place, and [[remna|remna]], which leaves out the x2. (These constitute the "Three Exceptional Animals"...''le ci narcnano danlu'')

*** In Loglan, the x3 of "bee" is the hive.
** Among plants, [[latna|latna]] (because it's not really a type of plant) and [[ckunu|ckunu]] which adds x3=cones. (Any others?)

** [[vidru|vidru]] also has an x3 place.

* ''jalge'' has x1 and x2 reversed relative to ''krinu'', ''mukti'', ''nibli'' and ''rinka'' (see [[selbri for causality|selbri for causality]]).
** I find this extremely confusing, especially when using ''ja'e'' or ''seja'e''. ''mi'e [[jezrax|jezrax]]''

** That way, if you want to emphasize the result, you use ''jalge'', and if you want to emphasize the cause, use one of the others.

* ''ve tcika'' is the location of an event with given time, while ''te detri'' is the location of an event of with given date.

* From and to confusion: all(?) movement ''gismu'' have '''to''' before '''from''', but not all others.
** This confusion is related to the way English overloads '''to''' and '''from''' with many meanings.

** ''binxo'': from A to B; ''farvi'' to B from A
** ''pruce'': from input A to output B

* Most measuring-unit gismu have the standard as x3, including ''gutci'', but ''mitre'' and ''minli'' have it as x4. x3 of ''mitre'' is the direction, and x3 of ''minli'' is the subunit.

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(For those who appreciate the abstract beauty of language, this aspect

resembles "irregular verbs" in natural ones.)

(For those who appreciate the concrete beauty of a logical language, this aspect resembles Perl. And [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]] don't mean that in a good way.)