Lojban - User contributions [en]

la mimis. .e la .iuNIZ.

2022-04-07T16:31:25Z

Wuzzy: CC BY-SA 3.0

[[File:la_mimis_e_la_iuNIZ.png|alt=la mimis. .e la .iuNIZ.]]
= ni'oni'oni'o la mimis .e la .iuNIZ. =
ni'o [[User:Wuzzy|la .uuZIT.]] fanva lo lisxra po'u la'o gy.Mimi and Eunice.gy. goi my.
.i la mimis. clani se kerlo .i la .iuNIZ. korcu se kerlo

.i my. se finti la'o gy.Nina Paley.gy. .io
.i zoi gy.[http://mimiandeunice.com/ http://mimiandeunice.com/].gy. urli my. pe bau la glicybangu
.i la'o gy.[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ CC BY-SA 3.0].gy. javni lo nu co'e my.

ni'o lo'e nu fukpi cu nu prami .i .e'o ko fukpyzukte gi'e bevri

== ni'oni'o pamo'o lo'e selcni ==
[[File:ME 001 jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. klaku .i la .iuNIZ. cusku lu ko mo'u klaku doi mimis. to'isa'a remai toi .i lo'e selcni na fatci li'u .i cimai my. cusku lu fatci fa lo du'u mi badri li'u]]

== ni'oni'o mumumo'o lo jdaselsku ==
[[File:ME 055 jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. nonkansa .i fe my. jdaselsku fa lu doi cevni ko cikre lo pi ro raktu be mi ca ku li'u .i remai my. denpa lo nu frati .i ku'i lo se go'i na fasnu .i cimai my. klama la .iuNIZ. gi'e cusku lu .i lo ro cevni na zasti li'u]]

== ni'oni'o xaremo'o lo nu pagbu zanru lo prami ==
[[File:ME 062 PartiallyAcceptLove jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o la .iuNIZ. krixa cusku lu ko xrukla li'u .i remai la mimis. xrukla .i .ibu cusku lu .i je'u mi na kakne lo nu mulno zanru lo'e nu prami to'isa'a cimai toi .i ku'i mi kakne lo nu ba'e pagbu zanru ri li'u]]

== ni'oni'o panosomo'o lo zerle'a ==
[[File:ME 109 Thief jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu lo'e nu fukpi cau lo selcru cu nu zerle'a .i remai la .iuNIZ. cusku lo se go'i .i cimai my. fu'esku .ibu lo du'u ce'u zerle'a]]

== ni'oni'o paxavomo'o claxu lo nu pleji ==
[[File:ME 164 SomethingForNothing jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu palci fa lo nu te dunda to'isa'a remai toi .i go da pilno de gi .au da pleji fo de li'u .i cimai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu .i do dejni lo rupnu be li reno mi lo nu tinju'i di'u li'u]]

== ni'oni'o pabimumo'o lo nuncru ==
[[File:ME 185 FreedomPermission.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. dasni lo nolmapku gi'e cusku lu ro da zifre .i ku'i ri nitcu lo nu mi curmi .i remai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu .e'u vimcu lo nu curmi li'u .i cimai my. cusku lu ko vimcu lo stedu ti to'isa'a my. toi li'u]]

== ni'oni'o pasosomo'o lo notci fi lo ro remna ==
[[File:ME 199 MessageToHumanity2 jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. jarco tu'a lo plekarda la .iuNIZ. gi'e cusku lu le ti pemci cu notci fo lo ro remna li'u .i .ibu lebna lo plekarda .i remai pemci fa lu doi bebna mi xebni do co'o mi'e mimis. li'u .i .ibu tcidu lo go'i .i cimai .ibu fesygau lo plekarda gi'e cliva .i my. badri je krixa cusku lu .i noda ckire mi lo ka ce'u certu li'u]]

== ni'oni'o remunomo'o lo'e pavdei ==
[[File:ME 250 Mondays jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu mi prami lo'e pavdei li'u .i remai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu pi ro bebna poi seljibri cu di'a gunka li'u .i cimai my. cusku lu ri .uu nai li'u .i .ibu cusku lu mi prami lo'e pavdei li'u]]

== ni'oni'o remumumo'o lo si'o ponse ==
[[File:ME 255 OwnershipBrick jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. catlu lo bitmu .i la .iuNIZ. cusku lu mi zbasu ta to'isa'a lo bitmu toi lei terfa'i je tolcnino marju ku po'o li'u .i remai my. lebna lo dizlo bliku ca lo nu my. cusku lu mi ponse lo ti bliku li'u .i cimai lo bitmu cu spoja lo bliku]]

== ni'oni'o rezesomo'o roda se finti ==
[[File:ME 279 EverythingsBeenDone jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu fe ro da pu ba'o finti li'u .i remai la .iuNIZ cusku lu go'i to'isa'a cimai toi .i ku'i ba'e do na go'i li'u]]

== ni'oni'o rebimumo'o lerci ==
[[File:ME 285 Timing jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis farlu gi'e cladu ke krixa cusku zo .ii .i remai my. janli lo loldi .i cimai la .iuNIZ. klama gi'e cusku lu mi ba kavbu do li'u]]

== ni'oni'o cipazemo'o ==
[[File:ME 317 JrHigh jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu ro prenu cu xebni mi li'u .i remai la mimis. cusku lu ro prenu cu ba'e prami do to'isa'a cimai toi .i ku'i lo go'i na ca djuno la'e di'u li'u]]

== ni'oni'o cirexamo'o lo ka bebna cu zekri ==
[[File:ME 326 OutlawStupidity jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu .au lo ka bebna cu zekri li'u .i remai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu la'e di'u traji lo ka bebna fo lo'i se tirna be mi to'isa'a cimai toi .i do pinfu li'u]]

== ni'oni'o civonomo'o tunta ==
[[File:ME 340 Crabby jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. ta'e tunta la .iuNIZ. .i remai .ibu fengu cusku lu le'o ko sisti li'u .i my. sisti .i cimai my. cusku lu mu'i ma do fengu li'u .i .ibu se fanza]]

== ni'oni'o cimucimo'o na nitcu lo nu gleki ==
[[File:ME 353 DontHaveToBeHappy jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la .iuNIZ. klaku .i la mimis. cusku lu mu'i ma do klaku li'u .i .ibu cusku lu lo nu mi na gleki li'u .i remai my. cusku lu do na nitcu lo nu gleki li'u .i .ibu mo'u klaku .i cimai .ibu gleki cusku lu go'i .ui sai li'u]]

== ni'oni'o cibiremo'o lo selstela minji ==
[[File:ME 382 LockedUpTechnology2 jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis finti lo minji gi'e cusku lu mi seltelgau lo selfi'i be mi to'isa'a remai toi tezu'e lonu no da kakne lo nu mabla gafygau ri li'u .i cimai lo minji cu spofu .i la .iuNIZ. cusku lu noda kakne lonu cikre ri li'u]]

== ni'oni'o cibizemo'o lo pe'a kalci ==
[[File:ME 387 RinseCycle jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. klaku .i la .iuNIZ. cusku lu lei djacu cu flecu fo lo kanla be do li'u .i remai my. cusku lu mi djuno lo du'u go'i to'isa'a cimai toi .i mi vikmi lo pe'a kalci ne'i lo stedu be mi li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vopapamo'o lo trucu'u ==
[[File:ME 411 PoliticalRally2 jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o trucu'u .i pamai la mimis. cusku zo le'o .i la .iuNIZ. cusku zo ga'i .i remai my. cusku lu le'osai li'u .i .ibu cusku lu ga'isai li'u .i cimai my. cusku lu le'ocai li'u .i .ibu cusku lu ga'icai li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vorecimo'o le fukpi minji ==
[[File:ME 423 CopyMachines jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu lo'e kacma cu fukpi minji .i lo'e skami cu fukpi minji li'u .i remai la mimis. cusku lu xo lo'e remna cu fukpi minji li'u .i .ibu cusku lu na sai go'i to'isa'a cimai toi .i ri fukpi ba'e danlu li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vociremo'o lo xatra ==
[[File:ME 432 TheLetter2 jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o la mimis. ciska fi lo xatra gi'e mutce klaku .i my. bevri lo xatra .i .ibu tcidu lo xatra .i notci fa lu doi .iuNIZ. mi gleki .i pei .i co'o mi'e mimis. li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vovopamo'o naka'e pelji lo nunpa'i ==
[[File:ME 441 CantBuyLove jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cu cusku lu da naka'e te vecnu lo nunpa'i li'u .i la .iuNIZ. cu cusku lu ku'i da ka'e te zasyve'u ri li'u .i remai my. cusku lu da naka'e citka lonu misno li'u .i .ibu cusku lu ku'i da ka'e jukpa sipi'o ri li'u .i cimai my. cusku lu da naka'e cikre lo bebna li'u gi'e se fanza cliva .i .ibu cusku lu ku'i ka'e da pa'ergau ri li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vovosomo'o no'e prami ==
[[File:ME 449 NotIntoYou jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu mi no'e prami do li'u la .iuNIZ. .i remai .ibu cusku lu go'i ra'o li'u .i cimai my. jo'u .ibu cusku lu .i mi'o so'e da selkampu li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vomucimo'o lo selcni ==
[[File:ME 453 StompTheFeeling animated jbo.gif]]

== ni'oni'o vomuxamo'o lo kamvudypai ==
[[File:ME 456 Fairness jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu lo kamzi'e na dunli lo kamvudypai lo ka vajni li'u .i remai fi la .iuNIZ. preti fa lu ma djice lo du'u ma kau vudypai li'u .i cimai my. spuda fi zo mi]]

== ni'oni'o vomusomo'o lo nu celgunta ==
[[File:ME 459 Trigger jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la .iuNIZ. jgari lo cmacelxa'i fa'a la mimis. .i my. krixa cusku lu .ii cai li'u .i remai .ibu cusku lu .i mi na platu lo nu celgunta li'u .i cimai my. cusku lu ko punji ti to'isa'a lo celgunta toi lo loldi va'o lo nu go'i li'u .i .ibu cusku lu vi'o nai .i xu do na lacri mi li'u]]

== ni'oni'o voxavomo'o lo nu ckire ==
[[File:ME 464 Gratitude jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu va'o lo nu mi zvati le xlali stuzi kei mi pensi pi ro co'e poi mi ckire fi ke'a li'u .i remai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu do mo va'o lo nu do zvati le ba'e xamgu stizu li'u .i cimai my. cusku lu xanka li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vozenomo'o lo mulno jufra ==
[[File:ME 470 CompleteSentence jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu lu na go'i li'u jufra li'u .i remai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu lu lu lu na go'i li'u jufra li'u jufra li'u .i cimai my. cusku lu lu lu lu na go'i li'u jufra li'u jufra li'u jufra li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vozezemo'o nunjundi nunjundi ==
[[File:ME 477 AttentionAttention jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu do na jundi mi li'u la mimis. .i remai my. cusku lu jo'a go'i to'isa'a cimai toi .i do na jundi lo nu mi jundi do li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vobicimo'o kecti ==
[[File:ME 483 TakeThePity jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. ruble klaku .i la .iuNIZ. cusku zo .uu .i remai my. fengu cusku lu mi na djica lonu do kecti li'u .i cimai .ibu cusku lu .uu sai li'u .i my. mutce se fanza]]

== ni'oni'o vobibimo'o to'e cilre ==
[[File:ME 488 Unlearned jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. fulta loi vacri .i la .iuNIZ. cusku lu ma ve celre lo nu co'e li'u .i remai my. cusku lu na'i mi na cilre ri to'isa'a cimai toi .i mi to'e cilre lo nu na co'e li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vobisomo'o capyju'i pleji ==
[[File:ME 489 CarefulPayoff jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. pleji zo'e la .iuNIZ. .i .ibu cusku lu ma ve pleji li'u .i remai my. cusku lu lo nu na gunta mi li'u .i cimai my. cusku lu .i lo nu dukse lo ka capyju'i kei kei na cumki li'u .i my. pleji zo'e lo drata prenu]]

== ni'oni'o vobinomo'o na pleji ==
[[File:ME 490 NoPayoff jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la .iuNIZ. gunta la mimis. .i remai my. cusku lu mu'i ma do gunta mi li'u .i cimai .ibu cusku lu lo nu do na pleji fi mi lo nu na go'i li'u]]

== ni'oni'o vosopamo'o dukse lo ka capyju'i ==
[[File:ME 491 TooCareful jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu na cumki lo nu dukse lo ka capyju'i li'u .i remai la .iuNIZ cusku lu ja'a go'i li'u .i my. cusku zu .ii .i cimai my. cusku lu .i ma bandu mi lo cnino nu go'i]]

== ni'oni'o murebimo'o lo velne'u ==
[[File:ME 528 Validation jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu .uo mi pu ba'o fanmo lo nu mi djicai le nu bartu cnemu to'isa'a remai toi .i lonu na kurji lonu le drata cu jinvi makau mi cu traji lo ka cnemu ku fo lo ro velne'u .i cimai la mimis. cnemu .ibu .i .ibu fengu cusku lu .oiro'a li'u]]

== ni'oni'o muciremo'o na ze'e ba xrani ==
[[File:ME 532 NeverHurtYou jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la mimis. cusku lu mi na ze'e ba xrani do li'u .i remai la .iuNIZ. toltu'i frumu .i cimai my. cusku lu sa ba sanji lo nu djica lo nu xrani do li'u .i .ibu cusku zo .i'e]]

== ni'oni'o mucicimo'o gasnu lo nu gleki ==
[[File:ME 533 MakeMeHappy jbo.png|600px|alt=ni'o pamai la .iuNIZ. cusku lu do gasnu lo nu mi gleki li'u .i remai la mimis. cusku lu lo nu gleki kei .u'anai .i mi bilga tu'a lo nu mutce gleki li'u .i cimai my. cusku lu .i mi fliba li'u .i .ibu cusku zo su]]

User:Wuzzy/jbo

2022-03-01T12:27:27Z

Wuzzy: No opinion

= ni'oni'oni'o le jbobau mutpapri po la .uuZIT. =
== ni'oni'o mi ==
ni'o coi ro do zo .uuZIT. po'u zoi gy.Wuzzy.gy. cmene mi

ni'o mi cusku sebau la dotybau e la glibau i a'o mi ba drani cusku sebau la lojban vau ui i lo nu mi cilre fi la lojban cu se xalbo mi vau ui

ni'o lo pu'u mi cilre zo'u mi puba'o tcidu fi la'e la'o my.Beginner Course.my. e la'e la'o my.The Lojban Reference Grammar.my. .e la'e la'o my.Lojban Wave Lessons Continued.my. .i mi djuno fi le gerna goi ko'a .iku'ibo mi nitcu lo nu mi crezenzu'e lo nu mi certu ko'a .i puzidi'iku mi cilre fi lo rafsi

== ni'oni'o le selfinti pe mi ==
ni'o
* pamai mi sidju la jbovlaste lo nu finti lo valsi .ije mi finti lo za'u renono valsi .i samjudri zoi .url. [http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/personal/Wuzzy http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/personal/Wuzzy] .url.
* .i remai mi finti to caunai sidju le drata prenu toi lai [[selma'o zi'evla]] .i ri fu'ivla gi'e zi'evla tu'a lo selma'o .i mu'a lo selma'o po'u la'o gy.'''BAI'''.gy. cu se fu'ivla gi'e zi'evla zo cmavr'''bai'''
* .i cimai mi fanva la'o gy.Mimi and Eunice.gy. no'u lo lisxra be fi'e la'o gy.Nina Paley.gy. ge'u la lojban. la glibau .i zoi ly.[[la mimis. .e la .iuNIZ.]].ly. .uitki samjudri

User:Wuzzy/en

2022-03-01T12:27:09Z

Wuzzy: No opinion

= Wuzzy =
== About me ==
Hi, I am Wuzzy and this page is my user page. My lojbanized name is “uuZIT”.

I speak German, English and I hope to speak Lojban soon :-). I learn Lojban for the lulz. :-)

My current stage of learning is: I finished reading “Beginner Course”, “The Lojban Reference Grammar” and “Lojban Wave Lessons Continued”. I know the grammar but I need practice to fully master it. I am improving on the basic words and learn them on a daily basis. I have mastered over 80% of the ''gismu'' and most of the ''cmavo''. I have learned more than the half of the ''rafsi'' at least once.

Besides that, I primarily want to use Lojban to use it, not to experiment with the grammar. Because I am still learning, I would be very thankful if you pointed out errors if I made some.

== My lojbanic output ==
* I made over 200 entries on jbovlaste. You find my user page on <http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/personal/Wuzzy>.
* I invented (with help of others) the “[[selma'o zi'evla]]”. These are words for selma'o names, in Lojban!
* I have translated parts of “Mimi and Eunice”, a comic from Nina Paley, to Lojban. See “[[la mimis. .e la .iuNIZ.]]”.

User:Wuzzy/de

2022-03-01T12:26:17Z

Wuzzy: Weg mit Meinungen

= Wuzzy =
== Über mich ==
Hallo, ich bin Wuzzy und dies hier ist meine Benutzerseite. Mein lojbanisierter Name lautet »uuZIT«.

Ich spreche Deutsch, Englisch und hoffentlich auch bald Lojban :-). Ich lerne Lojban nur so zum Spaß. :-)

Was meinen momentanen Lernfortschritt betrifft: Ich las »Beginner Course«, »The Lojban Reference Grammar« und »Lojban Wave Lessons Continued«. Ich kenne die Grammatik aber ich brauch Übung, um sie wirklich meistern zu können. Die Wörter kann ich immer besser und ich lerne grundsätzlich täglich. Die ''cmavo'' kann ich schon recht gut und über 80% der ''gismu'' kann ich auswendig. Ich habe auch über die Hälfte der ''rafsi'' mindestens ein mal gelernt.

Ich will Lojban hauptsächlich dazu benutzen, um es zu benutzen und nicht, um mit der Grammatik herumzuerxperimentieren. Weil ich noch immer lerne, wäre ich sehr dankbar, falls du mir meine Fehler aufzeigest.

== Meine lojbanische Veröffentlichungen ==
* Auf jbovlaste habe ich über 200 Einträge gemacht. Meine Benutzerseite ist auf <http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/personal/Wuzzy>.
* Ich bin der Haupterfinder der »[[selma'o zi'evla]]«, also lojbanischen Lehnwörtern für die selma'o-Namen.
* Ich habe Teile von »Mini and Eunice«, einem Comic von Nina Paley, nach Lojban übersetzt. Siehe »[[la mimis. .e la .iuNIZ.]]«.

BPFK Section: Abstractors

2018-05-13T02:53:13Z

Wuzzy: /* Proposed keywords */ add keyword

From [[BPFK Section: Grammatical Pro-sumti]], since moved here:

== Proposed definitions ==
=== cmavo: du'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''du'u'' ====

x1 is a predication [[bridi|bridi]] expressed in sentence x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Predication abstraction.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* predicate of

==== Examples of ''du'u'' Usage ====

mi djuno lo du'u la frank. cu bebna 
''I know that Frank is a fool.'' 

mi na djuno lo du'u makau tadji lo nu sazri lo karce 
''I don't know how to drive the car.'' 

lo du'u li re su'i re du li pano cu jitfa 
''The statement "2+2=10" is wrong.''

=== cmavo: ka (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ka'' ====

;'''ka''' (NU): abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Property/quality abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* property of

==== Examples of ''ka'' Usage ====

i lo tixnu be mi ca lo prulamdei cu kelci lo gunka jadni bo karda je jaspu pe mi .i seri'abo mi puze'a na kakne lo nu facki lo ka se diklo kei jy va'o lo nu mi na djuno lo nu go'i .oi u'anai 

My daughter, yesterday, played with my working passport, which made it so I was unable to find it for a while. 

 

.i .ia mutce lo ka milxe lo ka slabu do 

It's not very familiar to you, I believe. 

=== cmavo: li'i (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''li'i'' ====

;'''li'i''' (NU): abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [[bridi|bridi]] (participant or observer).

==== Proposed tags ====
Experience abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* experience of

==== Examples of ''li'i'' Usage ====

.i lo pluka ko li'i djedi 

"Have a pleasant day." 

 

mi gleki lo li'i penmi do 

"I'm happy that I've met you." 

=== cmavo: ni (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ni'' ====

;'''ni''' (NU): abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [[bridi|bridi]] measured on scale x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Quantity/amount abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* amount of
* quantity of

==== Examples of ''ni'' Usage ====

mi pu zu sampla fi lo nu mi sanji lo ni cafne fa lo nu mi pinxe lo djacu 

A long time ago I programmed something that was meant to alert me to the frequency of my drinking water. 

==== notes ====

(bad jbo, worse translation, but usage matches up with use suggested in section issues)

=== cmavo: nu (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''nu'' ====

;'''nu''' (NU): abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Generalized event abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* event of

==== Examples of ''nu'' Usage ====

do na kakne lo nu catra mi 

You're not capable of killing me. 

 

la .lindar. djica lo nu viska lo nu la .timos. dansu 

Lindar wants to see Timo dance. 

=== cmavo: si'o (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''si'o'' ====

;'''si'o''' (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Idea/concept abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* idea of
* concept of

==== Examples of ''si'o'' Usage ====

lo si'o racli cu na klina sidbo 

The idea of rationality is not a clear idea. 

 

.i lo si'o plixau cu srana lo prenu .i ju lo si'o lo prenu cu plixau cu palci 

The idea of utility is pertinent to people whether or not the idea of people being useful is evil. 

=== cmavo: su'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''su'u'' ====

;'''su'u''' (NU): abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [[bridi|bridi]] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Generalized abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* abstraction of

==== Examples of ''su'u'' Usage ====

.i lo su'u go'i cu zmadu lo nu casnu kei lo ka vajni (mild edit) 

That's definitely more important than conversing. 

 

.i .e'o ko sarji lo su'u curmi loinu mi pilno la jbovlaste. noi cnino je xamgu to ki'esai toi 

Could you help me out with using JVS, which is both new and beneficial (thank you!). 

=== cmavo: jei (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''jei'' ====

;'''jei''' (NU): abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [[bridi|bridi]] under epistemology x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Truth-value abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* truth-value of

==== Examples of ''jei'' Usage ====

le jei rigni cinse cu pabdu'i le jei cinri 

How disgustingly sexual it seems is only fractionally equal to how interesting it is. (2002 usage) 

 

.i mi kucli le jei mi nu'o gasnu le nu binxo 

I'm curious about whether or not I am capable of becoming. 

 

==== Issues ====

Ill-defined. Most examples in corpus are inconsistent in use, but replacement of du'u with jei seems to be one common use. Not sure of the intended meaning.

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/8dbeac4bc3a4e4b4 issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/5c9068270f012d59 more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/7fd85b2ed2d70507 more more issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/72736f5a34372ba3 and even more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/cb0ec5a194243570 recommending just to not use it at this point.]

=== cmavo: kei (KEI) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''kei'' ====
Elidable terminator: Ends an abstraction [[bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Abstraction bridi terminator

==== Proposed keywords ====
* end abstraction bridi

==== Examples of ''kei'' Usage ====

lo du'u mi prami do kei fatci 
''It's a fact that I love you.'' 
la djan. cu nu sonci kei djica 
''John wants to be a soldier.'' 
ca'o lo pu'u lo latmo balje'a cu porpi kei so'i je'atru cu selcatra 
''During the fall of the Roman Empire, many Emperors were killed.''

=== cmavo: ce'u (KOhA8) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ce'u'' ====

;'''ce'u''' (KOhA8): Abstraction variable indicator. ''ce'u'' is a pro-sumti (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified sumti). ''ce'u'' indicates that the place it fills is considered to be a variable place that can be filled by other data. ''ce'u'' makes sense only inside abstraction clauses. In particular, ''ce'u'' is almost solely used in ''ka'', although ''si'o'', ''du'u'' and ''su'u'' clauses can make some sense with ''ce'u''. ''ce'u'' basically means "this abstraction refers to a relationship in which the place(s) marked with ''ce'u'' can be filled as needed", so that ''lo ka ce'u broda'' is "the property of being/doing broda". If a ''ka'' abstraction has no explicit ''ce'u'', the left-most unfilled space is assumed to contain an elided ''ce'u'', unless context strongly suggests that the ''ce'u'' should go in another place, or that there should be more than one. In a ''si'o'' abstraction, all unfilled places are assumed to contain ''ce'u''. In terms of the Lambda calculus, ce'u is both Lambda and a variable, i.e. Lambda(x). Each new ce'u is a new variable. To bind multiple places to the same Lambda variable, use ''ce'u goi ko'a'' or similar and scatter the bound variables as you like. You can also use ''ce'u xi pa xi pa'' to refer to the first ''ce'u'' in the current bridi; increase the second ''pa'' for later ''ce'u'' in the current bridi. You can also use ''ri'' and so on, or ''cy''. In the case of nested abstractions, ''ce'u'' or ''ce'u xi pa'' is a normal, new ''ce'u'' variable, but ''ce'u xi re'' refers to the first ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction, and so on for higher numbers. If there is more than one, use another ''xi'', so that ''ce'u xi re xi ci'' is the third ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction.

==== Proposed tags ====
Abstraction variable indicator.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* abstraction focus

==== Examples of ''ce'u'' Usage ====

la djan. cu zmadu la djordj. le ka ce'u prami mi

''John is greater than George in the property of loving me.''

la alis zenba le ka cfipu ce'u

''Alice increases in the property being confused.''

Confused by some situation unspecified.

ku'i viku le rokci cu na dukse leka ce'u glare

''However, nearby the rock is not excessive in the property of being hot.''

== Section issues. ==

==== ni ====

mi'e .lindar.

 

Here are the 'salient points' of a conversation between myself and Robin regarding {ni}. 

 

I didn't understand {ni} very well. In the example I remember, {lo ni la .frank. ciska}, it took that to mean "the quantity of Frank's writing" whereas in another example {lo ni blanu} is how blue something is. Didn't really make sense, because if we apply the same logic to either one, we get either "the amount of blue things" or "the written-ness of Frank". Robin then expressed that using {ni} to talk about cubic feet per minute of flow with {lo ni flecu} would be much more useful then how I was interpreting it, which was "number of rivers". I had pointed out that it seemed some uses had an implied {ka}, while others did not. 

 Mark had apparently opined on the situation, saying "{lo pixra cu cenba lo ni blanu}, is that it? trouble is, {lo ni blanu} is exactly equivalent to some number. So it's like saying {lo pixra cu cenba li pimu}. Same problem as {jei}, which is utterly useless because it doesn't work the way we expected it to.". Robin then said that I should point out that {xo kau} and {xu kau} are current fixes (how much and if/whether or not). 

 I had started to look at it under the assumption that {lo ni ce'u ciska} was "the amount of writers" and {lo ni ciska ce'u} was "the amount written" for the sake of the argument. However, we also considered what it would mean to encompass the whole bridi, like {nu} or {du'u}, per Robin's thoughts. However, continuing the first thought, we established that {ni blanu} is a number of blue things, and {ni ka blanu} is the amount of the quality of being blue (the blueness), which is what the CLL defined as {lo ni blanu}. Continuing under this idea, we looked for a way to express 'the amount of flow' and 'the distance gone'. At this point we turned to combining with {nu} to say {ni nu klama} is the distance and {ni nu flecu} was the flow, after considering many other NU. However, this didn't sit well. What is the x1 of {ni}, then? Is it a number? If so, must it be a counting number (i.e. a number of actual things)? Can it be something more general? Is an amount-abstract different from a simple number? We then realised that x2 of ni is the scale upon which it's measured. So my original idea was out, though it might be neat to have a word that -did- work that way. {lo XX la .frank. ciska ce'u} how much frank wrote, perhaps representing a numeric value. *{.i lo (??) la .frank. ciska ce'u vau kei ku xlali le kagni be mi be'o ku vau} "The amount frank has written is bad for my business.". This logic leads to {lo (??) ka blanu} being the same as the CLL example of {lo ni blanu} being "the amount of blueness". 

 

Anyway... 

 

Soooooooo...... {ni} seems to imply {ka}. So why not divorce the two? {lo ni ka ce'u blanu kei kei ku} would be the amount of blueness, or just -how blue- something is. ... and ... I have no clue what it would mean by itself. Perhaps {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is the amount of blue things. 

 

The other option would be to better define it as {x1 is the amount or degree to which ce'u is applicable to [[bridi|bridi]] on scale x2}. For example then, {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is still the degree to which something is blue, but it doesn't seem to have an implied {ka} in there somewhere. So in the case of {lo ni blanu} we're talking about ... luminosity? Contrast? However, there's still that bit about ce'u. So... should it apply to the whole bridi? lo ni la .lindar. blanu ku - The degree to which Lindar is blue? (I'd rate it about a pi'enonononopa as I'm wearing a grey shirt with very short dark navy sleeves.) 

 

So then we can address RLP's concern of flow. {lo ni flecu} is the degree to which something flows. We're measuring how applicable something is to the selbri, and using a particular scale. In the first case we put me up on a scale of colour (I'm really not sure what's used to measure a colour, but you get the point) to talk about lo ni la .lindar. blanu, but now we're talking about how applicable something is to being described as flowing. So in {lo ni la .daniub. flecu} I can only think of either a viscosity rating or litres/second, and flecu doesn't sound like/hint at/have anything to do with viscosity AFAIK. 

 

Finally, let's address the -other- CLL example. {lo ni la .frank. ciska} 

 

Well... crap... that doesn't make any sense without a {ce'u} in there. So how do we read this? Is it measuring the degree to which Frank is a writer? Well, rather than reading this as habitual action, let's just assume we're talking about the present. So what is the degree to which Frank is currently a writer. Well, we'd have to, like the first two examples, measure the output. In the first example, we measured the degree to which I was applicable to blue, or measuring myself on a scale of blue (contrast/luminosity). In the second we measured the degree to which the Danube applied to flowing, or the flow of the Danube, which is litres per second (or kilolitres per minute or whatever one would use to measure a river). Finally, we would measure the degree to which Frank is a writer by measuring on a scale of writing. X letters/words/sentences/paragraphs/pages per second/minute/hour/day/week/month/year. 

 The important thing to note is that the ce'u-less version (wherein x1 is the measure to which the bridi is applicable) seems to be the most useful as it allows to talk about the most number of intended things. {lo ni blanu} is the degree to which something is blue, {lo ni ciska} is the degree to which somebody is a writer. Perhaps I should be specific... Maybe we should be very specific and say that it's the degree to which the x1 is applicable? If we need a version with ce'u, perhaps combine with {ka}? I'm not sure of the utility, so I couldn't rightly say. 

 

So now everybody is in agreement and I've saved Lojban forever. 

 

(You may donate as much money as you like now.) 

=D

 

 

In all seriousness, I like my painless version, but it seems to need stress-testing and wearing in. For example, I'm not exactly sure of the meaning of {lo ni la .frank. ciska xa lo so'e valsi}.

- Lindar ~ <3

==== ce'u ====

Does a place filled with "zo'e" count as filled for the purpose of figuring out the first unfilled place? Does a place filled with "FA ku" count? I say yes and yes. There may be other parts of the language where this is important.

- John Cowan.

[[Category:BPFK Section]]

BPFK Section: Abstractors

2018-05-13T02:50:22Z

Wuzzy: add KEI example

From [[BPFK Section: Grammatical Pro-sumti]], since moved here:

== Proposed definitions ==
=== cmavo: du'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''du'u'' ====

x1 is a predication [[bridi|bridi]] expressed in sentence x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Predication abstraction.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* predicate of

==== Examples of ''du'u'' Usage ====

mi djuno lo du'u la frank. cu bebna 
''I know that Frank is a fool.'' 

mi na djuno lo du'u makau tadji lo nu sazri lo karce 
''I don't know how to drive the car.'' 

lo du'u li re su'i re du li pano cu jitfa 
''The statement "2+2=10" is wrong.''

=== cmavo: ka (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ka'' ====

;'''ka''' (NU): abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Property/quality abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* property of

==== Examples of ''ka'' Usage ====

i lo tixnu be mi ca lo prulamdei cu kelci lo gunka jadni bo karda je jaspu pe mi .i seri'abo mi puze'a na kakne lo nu facki lo ka se diklo kei jy va'o lo nu mi na djuno lo nu go'i .oi u'anai 

My daughter, yesterday, played with my working passport, which made it so I was unable to find it for a while. 

 

.i .ia mutce lo ka milxe lo ka slabu do 

It's not very familiar to you, I believe. 

=== cmavo: li'i (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''li'i'' ====

;'''li'i''' (NU): abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [[bridi|bridi]] (participant or observer).

==== Proposed tags ====
Experience abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* experience of

==== Examples of ''li'i'' Usage ====

.i lo pluka ko li'i djedi 

"Have a pleasant day." 

 

mi gleki lo li'i penmi do 

"I'm happy that I've met you." 

=== cmavo: ni (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ni'' ====

;'''ni''' (NU): abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [[bridi|bridi]] measured on scale x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Quantity/amount abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* amount of
* quantity of

==== Examples of ''ni'' Usage ====

mi pu zu sampla fi lo nu mi sanji lo ni cafne fa lo nu mi pinxe lo djacu 

A long time ago I programmed something that was meant to alert me to the frequency of my drinking water. 

==== notes ====

(bad jbo, worse translation, but usage matches up with use suggested in section issues)

=== cmavo: nu (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''nu'' ====

;'''nu''' (NU): abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Generalized event abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* event of

==== Examples of ''nu'' Usage ====

do na kakne lo nu catra mi 

You're not capable of killing me. 

 

la .lindar. djica lo nu viska lo nu la .timos. dansu 

Lindar wants to see Timo dance. 

=== cmavo: si'o (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''si'o'' ====

;'''si'o''' (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Idea/concept abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* idea of
* concept of

==== Examples of ''si'o'' Usage ====

lo si'o racli cu na klina sidbo 

The idea of rationality is not a clear idea. 

 

.i lo si'o plixau cu srana lo prenu .i ju lo si'o lo prenu cu plixau cu palci 

The idea of utility is pertinent to people whether or not the idea of people being useful is evil. 

=== cmavo: su'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''su'u'' ====

;'''su'u''' (NU): abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [[bridi|bridi]] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Generalized abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* abstraction of

==== Examples of ''su'u'' Usage ====

.i lo su'u go'i cu zmadu lo nu casnu kei lo ka vajni (mild edit) 

That's definitely more important than conversing. 

 

.i .e'o ko sarji lo su'u curmi loinu mi pilno la jbovlaste. noi cnino je xamgu to ki'esai toi 

Could you help me out with using JVS, which is both new and beneficial (thank you!). 

=== cmavo: jei (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''jei'' ====

;'''jei''' (NU): abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [[bridi|bridi]] under epistemology x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Truth-value abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* truth-value of

==== Examples of ''jei'' Usage ====

le jei rigni cinse cu pabdu'i le jei cinri 

How disgustingly sexual it seems is only fractionally equal to how interesting it is. (2002 usage) 

 

.i mi kucli le jei mi nu'o gasnu le nu binxo 

I'm curious about whether or not I am capable of becoming. 

 

==== Issues ====

Ill-defined. Most examples in corpus are inconsistent in use, but replacement of du'u with jei seems to be one common use. Not sure of the intended meaning.

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/8dbeac4bc3a4e4b4 issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/5c9068270f012d59 more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/7fd85b2ed2d70507 more more issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/72736f5a34372ba3 and even more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/cb0ec5a194243570 recommending just to not use it at this point.]

=== cmavo: kei (KEI) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''kei'' ====
Elidable terminator: Ends an abstraction [[bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Abstraction bridi terminator

==== Proposed keywords ====
* end abstraction bridi

==== Examples of ''kei'' Usage ====

lo du'u mi prami do kei fatci 
''It's a fact that I love you.'' 
la djan. cu nu sonci kei djica 
''John wants to be a soldier.'' 
ca'o lo pu'u lo latmo balje'a cu porpi kei so'i je'atru cu selcatra 
''During the fall of the Roman Empire, many Emperors were killed.''

=== cmavo: ce'u (KOhA8) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ce'u'' ====

;'''ce'u''' (KOhA8): Abstraction variable indicator. ''ce'u'' is a pro-sumti (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified sumti). ''ce'u'' indicates that the place it fills is considered to be a variable place that can be filled by other data. ''ce'u'' makes sense only inside abstraction clauses. In particular, ''ce'u'' is almost solely used in ''ka'', although ''si'o'', ''du'u'' and ''su'u'' clauses can make some sense with ''ce'u''. ''ce'u'' basically means "this abstraction refers to a relationship in which the place(s) marked with ''ce'u'' can be filled as needed", so that ''lo ka ce'u broda'' is "the property of being/doing broda". If a ''ka'' abstraction has no explicit ''ce'u'', the left-most unfilled space is assumed to contain an elided ''ce'u'', unless context strongly suggests that the ''ce'u'' should go in another place, or that there should be more than one. In a ''si'o'' abstraction, all unfilled places are assumed to contain ''ce'u''. In terms of the Lambda calculus, ce'u is both Lambda and a variable, i.e. Lambda(x). Each new ce'u is a new variable. To bind multiple places to the same Lambda variable, use ''ce'u goi ko'a'' or similar and scatter the bound variables as you like. You can also use ''ce'u xi pa xi pa'' to refer to the first ''ce'u'' in the current bridi; increase the second ''pa'' for later ''ce'u'' in the current bridi. You can also use ''ri'' and so on, or ''cy''. In the case of nested abstractions, ''ce'u'' or ''ce'u xi pa'' is a normal, new ''ce'u'' variable, but ''ce'u xi re'' refers to the first ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction, and so on for higher numbers. If there is more than one, use another ''xi'', so that ''ce'u xi re xi ci'' is the third ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction.

==== Proposed tags ====
Abstraction variable indicator.

==== Proposed keywords ====
???

==== Examples of ''ce'u'' Usage ====

la djan. cu zmadu la djordj. le ka ce'u prami mi

''John is greater than George in the property of loving me.''

la alis zenba le ka cfipu ce'u

''Alice increases in the property being confused.''

Confused by some situation unspecified.

ku'i viku le rokci cu na dukse leka ce'u glare

''However, nearby the rock is not excessive in the property of being hot.''

== Section issues. ==

==== ni ====

mi'e .lindar.

 

Here are the 'salient points' of a conversation between myself and Robin regarding {ni}. 

 

I didn't understand {ni} very well. In the example I remember, {lo ni la .frank. ciska}, it took that to mean "the quantity of Frank's writing" whereas in another example {lo ni blanu} is how blue something is. Didn't really make sense, because if we apply the same logic to either one, we get either "the amount of blue things" or "the written-ness of Frank". Robin then expressed that using {ni} to talk about cubic feet per minute of flow with {lo ni flecu} would be much more useful then how I was interpreting it, which was "number of rivers". I had pointed out that it seemed some uses had an implied {ka}, while others did not. 

 Mark had apparently opined on the situation, saying "{lo pixra cu cenba lo ni blanu}, is that it? trouble is, {lo ni blanu} is exactly equivalent to some number. So it's like saying {lo pixra cu cenba li pimu}. Same problem as {jei}, which is utterly useless because it doesn't work the way we expected it to.". Robin then said that I should point out that {xo kau} and {xu kau} are current fixes (how much and if/whether or not). 

 I had started to look at it under the assumption that {lo ni ce'u ciska} was "the amount of writers" and {lo ni ciska ce'u} was "the amount written" for the sake of the argument. However, we also considered what it would mean to encompass the whole bridi, like {nu} or {du'u}, per Robin's thoughts. However, continuing the first thought, we established that {ni blanu} is a number of blue things, and {ni ka blanu} is the amount of the quality of being blue (the blueness), which is what the CLL defined as {lo ni blanu}. Continuing under this idea, we looked for a way to express 'the amount of flow' and 'the distance gone'. At this point we turned to combining with {nu} to say {ni nu klama} is the distance and {ni nu flecu} was the flow, after considering many other NU. However, this didn't sit well. What is the x1 of {ni}, then? Is it a number? If so, must it be a counting number (i.e. a number of actual things)? Can it be something more general? Is an amount-abstract different from a simple number? We then realised that x2 of ni is the scale upon which it's measured. So my original idea was out, though it might be neat to have a word that -did- work that way. {lo XX la .frank. ciska ce'u} how much frank wrote, perhaps representing a numeric value. *{.i lo (??) la .frank. ciska ce'u vau kei ku xlali le kagni be mi be'o ku vau} "The amount frank has written is bad for my business.". This logic leads to {lo (??) ka blanu} being the same as the CLL example of {lo ni blanu} being "the amount of blueness". 

 

Anyway... 

 

Soooooooo...... {ni} seems to imply {ka}. So why not divorce the two? {lo ni ka ce'u blanu kei kei ku} would be the amount of blueness, or just -how blue- something is. ... and ... I have no clue what it would mean by itself. Perhaps {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is the amount of blue things. 

 

The other option would be to better define it as {x1 is the amount or degree to which ce'u is applicable to [[bridi|bridi]] on scale x2}. For example then, {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is still the degree to which something is blue, but it doesn't seem to have an implied {ka} in there somewhere. So in the case of {lo ni blanu} we're talking about ... luminosity? Contrast? However, there's still that bit about ce'u. So... should it apply to the whole bridi? lo ni la .lindar. blanu ku - The degree to which Lindar is blue? (I'd rate it about a pi'enonononopa as I'm wearing a grey shirt with very short dark navy sleeves.) 

 

So then we can address RLP's concern of flow. {lo ni flecu} is the degree to which something flows. We're measuring how applicable something is to the selbri, and using a particular scale. In the first case we put me up on a scale of colour (I'm really not sure what's used to measure a colour, but you get the point) to talk about lo ni la .lindar. blanu, but now we're talking about how applicable something is to being described as flowing. So in {lo ni la .daniub. flecu} I can only think of either a viscosity rating or litres/second, and flecu doesn't sound like/hint at/have anything to do with viscosity AFAIK. 

 

Finally, let's address the -other- CLL example. {lo ni la .frank. ciska} 

 

Well... crap... that doesn't make any sense without a {ce'u} in there. So how do we read this? Is it measuring the degree to which Frank is a writer? Well, rather than reading this as habitual action, let's just assume we're talking about the present. So what is the degree to which Frank is currently a writer. Well, we'd have to, like the first two examples, measure the output. In the first example, we measured the degree to which I was applicable to blue, or measuring myself on a scale of blue (contrast/luminosity). In the second we measured the degree to which the Danube applied to flowing, or the flow of the Danube, which is litres per second (or kilolitres per minute or whatever one would use to measure a river). Finally, we would measure the degree to which Frank is a writer by measuring on a scale of writing. X letters/words/sentences/paragraphs/pages per second/minute/hour/day/week/month/year. 

 The important thing to note is that the ce'u-less version (wherein x1 is the measure to which the bridi is applicable) seems to be the most useful as it allows to talk about the most number of intended things. {lo ni blanu} is the degree to which something is blue, {lo ni ciska} is the degree to which somebody is a writer. Perhaps I should be specific... Maybe we should be very specific and say that it's the degree to which the x1 is applicable? If we need a version with ce'u, perhaps combine with {ka}? I'm not sure of the utility, so I couldn't rightly say. 

 

So now everybody is in agreement and I've saved Lojban forever. 

 

(You may donate as much money as you like now.) 

=D

 

 

In all seriousness, I like my painless version, but it seems to need stress-testing and wearing in. For example, I'm not exactly sure of the meaning of {lo ni la .frank. ciska xa lo so'e valsi}.

- Lindar ~ <3

==== ce'u ====

Does a place filled with "zo'e" count as filled for the purpose of figuring out the first unfilled place? Does a place filled with "FA ku" count? I say yes and yes. There may be other parts of the language where this is important.

- John Cowan.

[[Category:BPFK Section]]

BPFK Section: Abstractors

2018-05-13T02:40:11Z

Wuzzy: add tags and keywords

From [[BPFK Section: Grammatical Pro-sumti]], since moved here:

== Proposed definitions ==
=== cmavo: du'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''du'u'' ====

x1 is a predication [[bridi|bridi]] expressed in sentence x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Predication abstraction.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* predicate of

==== Examples of ''du'u'' Usage ====

mi djuno lo du'u la frank. cu bebna 
''I know that Frank is a fool.'' 

mi na djuno lo du'u makau tadji lo nu sazri lo karce 
''I don't know how to drive the car.'' 

lo du'u li re su'i re du li pano cu jitfa 
''The statement "2+2=10" is wrong.''

=== cmavo: ka (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ka'' ====

;'''ka''' (NU): abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Property/quality abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* property of

==== Examples of ''ka'' Usage ====

i lo tixnu be mi ca lo prulamdei cu kelci lo gunka jadni bo karda je jaspu pe mi .i seri'abo mi puze'a na kakne lo nu facki lo ka se diklo kei jy va'o lo nu mi na djuno lo nu go'i .oi u'anai 

My daughter, yesterday, played with my working passport, which made it so I was unable to find it for a while. 

 

.i .ia mutce lo ka milxe lo ka slabu do 

It's not very familiar to you, I believe. 

=== cmavo: li'i (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''li'i'' ====

;'''li'i''' (NU): abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [[bridi|bridi]] (participant or observer).

==== Proposed tags ====
Experience abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* experience of

==== Examples of ''li'i'' Usage ====

.i lo pluka ko li'i djedi 

"Have a pleasant day." 

 

mi gleki lo li'i penmi do 

"I'm happy that I've met you." 

=== cmavo: ni (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ni'' ====

;'''ni''' (NU): abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [[bridi|bridi]] measured on scale x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Quantity/amount abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* amount of
* quantity of

==== Examples of ''ni'' Usage ====

mi pu zu sampla fi lo nu mi sanji lo ni cafne fa lo nu mi pinxe lo djacu 

A long time ago I programmed something that was meant to alert me to the frequency of my drinking water. 

==== notes ====

(bad jbo, worse translation, but usage matches up with use suggested in section issues)

=== cmavo: nu (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''nu'' ====

;'''nu''' (NU): abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Generalized event abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* event of

==== Examples of ''nu'' Usage ====

do na kakne lo nu catra mi 

You're not capable of killing me. 

 

la .lindar. djica lo nu viska lo nu la .timos. dansu 

Lindar wants to see Timo dance. 

=== cmavo: si'o (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''si'o'' ====

;'''si'o''' (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Idea/concept abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* idea of
* concept of

==== Examples of ''si'o'' Usage ====

lo si'o racli cu na klina sidbo 

The idea of rationality is not a clear idea. 

 

.i lo si'o plixau cu srana lo prenu .i ju lo si'o lo prenu cu plixau cu palci 

The idea of utility is pertinent to people whether or not the idea of people being useful is evil. 

=== cmavo: su'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''su'u'' ====

;'''su'u''' (NU): abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [[bridi|bridi]] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Generalized abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* abstraction of

==== Examples of ''su'u'' Usage ====

.i lo su'u go'i cu zmadu lo nu casnu kei lo ka vajni (mild edit) 

That's definitely more important than conversing. 

 

.i .e'o ko sarji lo su'u curmi loinu mi pilno la jbovlaste. noi cnino je xamgu to ki'esai toi 

Could you help me out with using JVS, which is both new and beneficial (thank you!). 

=== cmavo: jei (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''jei'' ====

;'''jei''' (NU): abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [[bridi|bridi]] under epistemology x2.

==== Proposed tag ====
Truth-value abstractor.

==== Proposed keywords ====
* truth-value of

==== Examples of ''jei'' Usage ====

le jei rigni cinse cu pabdu'i le jei cinri 

How disgustingly sexual it seems is only fractionally equal to how interesting it is. (2002 usage) 

 

.i mi kucli le jei mi nu'o gasnu le nu binxo 

I'm curious about whether or not I am capable of becoming. 

 

==== Issues ====

Ill-defined. Most examples in corpus are inconsistent in use, but replacement of du'u with jei seems to be one common use. Not sure of the intended meaning.

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/8dbeac4bc3a4e4b4 issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/5c9068270f012d59 more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/7fd85b2ed2d70507 more more issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/72736f5a34372ba3 and even more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/cb0ec5a194243570 recommending just to not use it at this point.]

=== cmavo: kei (KEI) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''kei'' ====
Elidable terminator: Ends an abstraction [[bridi]].

==== Proposed tag ====
Abstraction bridi terminator

==== Proposed keywords ====
* end abstraction bridi

==== Examples of ''kei'' Usage ====

lo du'u mi prami do kei fatci
''It's a fact that I love you.''
ca'o lo pu'u lo latmo balje'a cu porpi kei so'i je'atru cu selcatra
''During the fall of the Roman Empire, many Emperors were killed.''

=== cmavo: ce'u (KOhA8) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ce'u'' ====

;'''ce'u''' (KOhA8): Abstraction variable indicator. ''ce'u'' is a pro-sumti (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified sumti). ''ce'u'' indicates that the place it fills is considered to be a variable place that can be filled by other data. ''ce'u'' makes sense only inside abstraction clauses. In particular, ''ce'u'' is almost solely used in ''ka'', although ''si'o'', ''du'u'' and ''su'u'' clauses can make some sense with ''ce'u''. ''ce'u'' basically means "this abstraction refers to a relationship in which the place(s) marked with ''ce'u'' can be filled as needed", so that ''lo ka ce'u broda'' is "the property of being/doing broda". If a ''ka'' abstraction has no explicit ''ce'u'', the left-most unfilled space is assumed to contain an elided ''ce'u'', unless context strongly suggests that the ''ce'u'' should go in another place, or that there should be more than one. In a ''si'o'' abstraction, all unfilled places are assumed to contain ''ce'u''. In terms of the Lambda calculus, ce'u is both Lambda and a variable, i.e. Lambda(x). Each new ce'u is a new variable. To bind multiple places to the same Lambda variable, use ''ce'u goi ko'a'' or similar and scatter the bound variables as you like. You can also use ''ce'u xi pa xi pa'' to refer to the first ''ce'u'' in the current bridi; increase the second ''pa'' for later ''ce'u'' in the current bridi. You can also use ''ri'' and so on, or ''cy''. In the case of nested abstractions, ''ce'u'' or ''ce'u xi pa'' is a normal, new ''ce'u'' variable, but ''ce'u xi re'' refers to the first ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction, and so on for higher numbers. If there is more than one, use another ''xi'', so that ''ce'u xi re xi ci'' is the third ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction.

==== Proposed tags ====
Abstraction variable indicator.

==== Proposed keywords ====
???

==== Examples of ''ce'u'' Usage ====

la djan. cu zmadu la djordj. le ka ce'u prami mi

''John is greater than George in the property of loving me.''

la alis zenba le ka cfipu ce'u

''Alice increases in the property being confused.''

Confused by some situation unspecified.

ku'i viku le rokci cu na dukse leka ce'u glare

''However, nearby the rock is not excessive in the property of being hot.''

== Section issues. ==

==== ni ====

mi'e .lindar.

 

Here are the 'salient points' of a conversation between myself and Robin regarding {ni}. 

 

I didn't understand {ni} very well. In the example I remember, {lo ni la .frank. ciska}, it took that to mean "the quantity of Frank's writing" whereas in another example {lo ni blanu} is how blue something is. Didn't really make sense, because if we apply the same logic to either one, we get either "the amount of blue things" or "the written-ness of Frank". Robin then expressed that using {ni} to talk about cubic feet per minute of flow with {lo ni flecu} would be much more useful then how I was interpreting it, which was "number of rivers". I had pointed out that it seemed some uses had an implied {ka}, while others did not. 

 Mark had apparently opined on the situation, saying "{lo pixra cu cenba lo ni blanu}, is that it? trouble is, {lo ni blanu} is exactly equivalent to some number. So it's like saying {lo pixra cu cenba li pimu}. Same problem as {jei}, which is utterly useless because it doesn't work the way we expected it to.". Robin then said that I should point out that {xo kau} and {xu kau} are current fixes (how much and if/whether or not). 

 I had started to look at it under the assumption that {lo ni ce'u ciska} was "the amount of writers" and {lo ni ciska ce'u} was "the amount written" for the sake of the argument. However, we also considered what it would mean to encompass the whole bridi, like {nu} or {du'u}, per Robin's thoughts. However, continuing the first thought, we established that {ni blanu} is a number of blue things, and {ni ka blanu} is the amount of the quality of being blue (the blueness), which is what the CLL defined as {lo ni blanu}. Continuing under this idea, we looked for a way to express 'the amount of flow' and 'the distance gone'. At this point we turned to combining with {nu} to say {ni nu klama} is the distance and {ni nu flecu} was the flow, after considering many other NU. However, this didn't sit well. What is the x1 of {ni}, then? Is it a number? If so, must it be a counting number (i.e. a number of actual things)? Can it be something more general? Is an amount-abstract different from a simple number? We then realised that x2 of ni is the scale upon which it's measured. So my original idea was out, though it might be neat to have a word that -did- work that way. {lo XX la .frank. ciska ce'u} how much frank wrote, perhaps representing a numeric value. *{.i lo (??) la .frank. ciska ce'u vau kei ku xlali le kagni be mi be'o ku vau} "The amount frank has written is bad for my business.". This logic leads to {lo (??) ka blanu} being the same as the CLL example of {lo ni blanu} being "the amount of blueness". 

 

Anyway... 

 

Soooooooo...... {ni} seems to imply {ka}. So why not divorce the two? {lo ni ka ce'u blanu kei kei ku} would be the amount of blueness, or just -how blue- something is. ... and ... I have no clue what it would mean by itself. Perhaps {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is the amount of blue things. 

 

The other option would be to better define it as {x1 is the amount or degree to which ce'u is applicable to [[bridi|bridi]] on scale x2}. For example then, {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is still the degree to which something is blue, but it doesn't seem to have an implied {ka} in there somewhere. So in the case of {lo ni blanu} we're talking about ... luminosity? Contrast? However, there's still that bit about ce'u. So... should it apply to the whole bridi? lo ni la .lindar. blanu ku - The degree to which Lindar is blue? (I'd rate it about a pi'enonononopa as I'm wearing a grey shirt with very short dark navy sleeves.) 

 

So then we can address RLP's concern of flow. {lo ni flecu} is the degree to which something flows. We're measuring how applicable something is to the selbri, and using a particular scale. In the first case we put me up on a scale of colour (I'm really not sure what's used to measure a colour, but you get the point) to talk about lo ni la .lindar. blanu, but now we're talking about how applicable something is to being described as flowing. So in {lo ni la .daniub. flecu} I can only think of either a viscosity rating or litres/second, and flecu doesn't sound like/hint at/have anything to do with viscosity AFAIK. 

 

Finally, let's address the -other- CLL example. {lo ni la .frank. ciska} 

 

Well... crap... that doesn't make any sense without a {ce'u} in there. So how do we read this? Is it measuring the degree to which Frank is a writer? Well, rather than reading this as habitual action, let's just assume we're talking about the present. So what is the degree to which Frank is currently a writer. Well, we'd have to, like the first two examples, measure the output. In the first example, we measured the degree to which I was applicable to blue, or measuring myself on a scale of blue (contrast/luminosity). In the second we measured the degree to which the Danube applied to flowing, or the flow of the Danube, which is litres per second (or kilolitres per minute or whatever one would use to measure a river). Finally, we would measure the degree to which Frank is a writer by measuring on a scale of writing. X letters/words/sentences/paragraphs/pages per second/minute/hour/day/week/month/year. 

 The important thing to note is that the ce'u-less version (wherein x1 is the measure to which the bridi is applicable) seems to be the most useful as it allows to talk about the most number of intended things. {lo ni blanu} is the degree to which something is blue, {lo ni ciska} is the degree to which somebody is a writer. Perhaps I should be specific... Maybe we should be very specific and say that it's the degree to which the x1 is applicable? If we need a version with ce'u, perhaps combine with {ka}? I'm not sure of the utility, so I couldn't rightly say. 

 

So now everybody is in agreement and I've saved Lojban forever. 

 

(You may donate as much money as you like now.) 

=D

 

 

In all seriousness, I like my painless version, but it seems to need stress-testing and wearing in. For example, I'm not exactly sure of the meaning of {lo ni la .frank. ciska xa lo so'e valsi}.

- Lindar ~ <3

==== ce'u ====

Does a place filled with "zo'e" count as filled for the purpose of figuring out the first unfilled place? Does a place filled with "FA ku" count? I say yes and yes. There may be other parts of the language where this is important.

- John Cowan.

[[Category:BPFK Section]]

BPFK Section: Abstractors

2018-05-13T02:26:05Z

Wuzzy: fix typo

From [[BPFK Section: Grammatical Pro-sumti]], since moved here:

== Proposed definitions ==
=== cmavo: du'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''du'u'' ====

x1 is a predication [[bridi|bridi]] expressed in sentence x2.

==== Proposed Keywords ====

* predication abstraction

==== Examples of ''du'u'' Usage ====

mi djuno lo du'u la frank. cu bebna 
''I know that Frank is a fool.'' 

mi na djuno lo du'u makau tadji lo nu sazri lo karce 
''I don't know how to drive the car.'' 

lo du'u li re su'i re du li pano cu jitfa 
''The statement "2+2=10" is wrong.''

=== cmavo: ka (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ka'' ====

;'''ka''' (NU): abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''ka'' Usage ====

i lo tixnu be mi ca lo prulamdei cu kelci lo gunka jadni bo karda je jaspu pe mi .i seri'abo mi puze'a na kakne lo nu facki lo ka se diklo kei jy va'o lo nu mi na djuno lo nu go'i .oi u'anai 

My daughter, yesterday, played with my working passport, which made it so I was unable to find it for a while. 

 

.i .ia mutce lo ka milxe lo ka slabu do 

It's not very familiar to you, I believe. 

=== cmavo: li'i (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''li'i'' ====

;'''li'i''' (NU): abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [[bridi|bridi]] (participant or observer).

==== Examples of ''li'i'' Usage ====

.i lo pluka ko li'i djedi 

"Have a pleasant day." 

 

mi gleki lo li'i penmi do 

"I'm happy that I've met you." 

=== cmavo: ni (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ni'' ====

;'''ni''' (NU): abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [[bridi|bridi]] measured on scale x2.

==== Examples of ''ni'' Usage ====

mi pu zu sampla fi lo nu mi sanji lo ni cafne fa lo nu mi pinxe lo djacu 

A long time ago I programmed something that was meant to alert me to the frequency of my drinking water. 

==== notes ====

(bad jbo, worse translation, but usage matches up with use suggested in section issues)

=== cmavo: nu (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''nu'' ====

;'''nu''' (NU): abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''nu'' Usage ====

do na kakne lo nu catra mi 

You're not capable of killing me. 

 

la .lindar. djica lo nu viska lo nu la .timos. dansu 

Lindar wants to see Timo dance. 

=== cmavo: si'o (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''si'o'' ====

;'''si'o''' (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''si'o'' Usage ====

lo si'o racli cu na klina sidbo 

The idea of rationality is not a clear idea. 

 

.i lo si'o plixau cu srana lo prenu .i ju lo si'o lo prenu cu plixau cu palci 

The idea of utility is pertinent to people whether or not the idea of people being useful is evil. 

=== cmavo: su'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''su'u'' ====

;'''su'u''' (NU): abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [[bridi|bridi]] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2.

==== Examples of ''su'u'' Usage ====

.i lo su'u go'i cu zmadu lo nu casnu kei lo ka vajni (mild edit) 

That's definitely more important than conversing. 

 

.i .e'o ko sarji lo su'u curmi loinu mi pilno la jbovlaste. noi cnino je xamgu to ki'esai toi 

Could you help me out with using JVS, which is both new and beneficial (thank you!). 

=== cmavo: jei (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''jei'' ====

;'''jei''' (NU): abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [[bridi|bridi]] under epistemology x2.

==== Examples of ''jei'' Usage ====

le jei rigni cinse cu pabdu'i le jei cinri 

How disgustingly sexual it seems is only fractionally equal to how interesting it is. (2002 usage) 

 

.i mi kucli le jei mi nu'o gasnu le nu binxo 

I'm curious about whether or not I am capable of becoming. 

 

==== Issues ====

Ill-defined. Most examples in corpus are inconsistent in use, but replacement of du'u with jei seems to be one common use. Not sure of the intended meaning.

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/8dbeac4bc3a4e4b4 issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/5c9068270f012d59 more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/7fd85b2ed2d70507 more more issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/72736f5a34372ba3 and even more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/cb0ec5a194243570 recommending just to not use it at this point.]

=== cmavo: kei (KEI) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''kei'' ====
Elidable terminator: Ends an abstraction [[bridi]].

==== Proposed keywords ====
* abstraction bridi terminator

==== Examples of ''kei'' Usage ====

lo du'u mi prami do kei fatci
''It's a fact that I love you.''
ca'o lo pu'u lo latmo balje'a cu porpi kei so'i je'atru cu selcatra
''During the fall of the Roman Empire, many Emperors were killed.''

=== cmavo: ce'u (KOhA8) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ce'u'' ====

;'''ce'u''' (KOhA8): Abstraction variable indicator. ''ce'u'' is a pro-sumti (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified sumti). ''ce'u'' indicates that the place it fills is considered to be a variable place that can be filled by other data. ''ce'u'' makes sense only inside abstraction clauses. In particular, ''ce'u'' is almost solely used in ''ka'', although ''si'o'', ''du'u'' and ''su'u'' clauses can make some sense with ''ce'u''. ''ce'u'' basically means "this abstraction refers to a relationship in which the place(s) marked with ''ce'u'' can be filled as needed", so that ''lo ka ce'u broda'' is "the property of being/doing broda". If a ''ka'' abstraction has no explicit ''ce'u'', the left-most unfilled space is assumed to contain an elided ''ce'u'', unless context strongly suggests that the ''ce'u'' should go in another place, or that there should be more than one. In a ''si'o'' abstraction, all unfilled places are assumed to contain ''ce'u''. In terms of the Lambda calculus, ce'u is both Lambda and a variable, i.e. Lambda(x). Each new ce'u is a new variable. To bind multiple places to the same Lambda variable, use ''ce'u goi ko'a'' or similar and scatter the bound variables as you like. You can also use ''ce'u xi pa xi pa'' to refer to the first ''ce'u'' in the current bridi; increase the second ''pa'' for later ''ce'u'' in the current bridi. You can also use ''ri'' and so on, or ''cy''. In the case of nested abstractions, ''ce'u'' or ''ce'u xi pa'' is a normal, new ''ce'u'' variable, but ''ce'u xi re'' refers to the first ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction, and so on for higher numbers. If there is more than one, use another ''xi'', so that ''ce'u xi re xi ci'' is the third ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction.

==== Examples of ''ce'u'' Usage ====

la djan. cu zmadu la djordj. le ka ce'u prami mi

''John is greater than George in the property of loving me.''

la alis zenba le ka cfipu ce'u

''Alice increases in the property being confused.''

Confused by some situation unspecified.

ku'i viku le rokci cu na dukse leka ce'u glare

''However, nearby the rock is not excessive in the property of being hot.''

== Section issues. ==

==== ni ====

mi'e .lindar.

 

Here are the 'salient points' of a conversation between myself and Robin regarding {ni}. 

 

I didn't understand {ni} very well. In the example I remember, {lo ni la .frank. ciska}, it took that to mean "the quantity of Frank's writing" whereas in another example {lo ni blanu} is how blue something is. Didn't really make sense, because if we apply the same logic to either one, we get either "the amount of blue things" or "the written-ness of Frank". Robin then expressed that using {ni} to talk about cubic feet per minute of flow with {lo ni flecu} would be much more useful then how I was interpreting it, which was "number of rivers". I had pointed out that it seemed some uses had an implied {ka}, while others did not. 

 Mark had apparently opined on the situation, saying "{lo pixra cu cenba lo ni blanu}, is that it? trouble is, {lo ni blanu} is exactly equivalent to some number. So it's like saying {lo pixra cu cenba li pimu}. Same problem as {jei}, which is utterly useless because it doesn't work the way we expected it to.". Robin then said that I should point out that {xo kau} and {xu kau} are current fixes (how much and if/whether or not). 

 I had started to look at it under the assumption that {lo ni ce'u ciska} was "the amount of writers" and {lo ni ciska ce'u} was "the amount written" for the sake of the argument. However, we also considered what it would mean to encompass the whole bridi, like {nu} or {du'u}, per Robin's thoughts. However, continuing the first thought, we established that {ni blanu} is a number of blue things, and {ni ka blanu} is the amount of the quality of being blue (the blueness), which is what the CLL defined as {lo ni blanu}. Continuing under this idea, we looked for a way to express 'the amount of flow' and 'the distance gone'. At this point we turned to combining with {nu} to say {ni nu klama} is the distance and {ni nu flecu} was the flow, after considering many other NU. However, this didn't sit well. What is the x1 of {ni}, then? Is it a number? If so, must it be a counting number (i.e. a number of actual things)? Can it be something more general? Is an amount-abstract different from a simple number? We then realised that x2 of ni is the scale upon which it's measured. So my original idea was out, though it might be neat to have a word that -did- work that way. {lo XX la .frank. ciska ce'u} how much frank wrote, perhaps representing a numeric value. *{.i lo (??) la .frank. ciska ce'u vau kei ku xlali le kagni be mi be'o ku vau} "The amount frank has written is bad for my business.". This logic leads to {lo (??) ka blanu} being the same as the CLL example of {lo ni blanu} being "the amount of blueness". 

 

Anyway... 

 

Soooooooo...... {ni} seems to imply {ka}. So why not divorce the two? {lo ni ka ce'u blanu kei kei ku} would be the amount of blueness, or just -how blue- something is. ... and ... I have no clue what it would mean by itself. Perhaps {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is the amount of blue things. 

 

The other option would be to better define it as {x1 is the amount or degree to which ce'u is applicable to [[bridi|bridi]] on scale x2}. For example then, {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is still the degree to which something is blue, but it doesn't seem to have an implied {ka} in there somewhere. So in the case of {lo ni blanu} we're talking about ... luminosity? Contrast? However, there's still that bit about ce'u. So... should it apply to the whole bridi? lo ni la .lindar. blanu ku - The degree to which Lindar is blue? (I'd rate it about a pi'enonononopa as I'm wearing a grey shirt with very short dark navy sleeves.) 

 

So then we can address RLP's concern of flow. {lo ni flecu} is the degree to which something flows. We're measuring how applicable something is to the selbri, and using a particular scale. In the first case we put me up on a scale of colour (I'm really not sure what's used to measure a colour, but you get the point) to talk about lo ni la .lindar. blanu, but now we're talking about how applicable something is to being described as flowing. So in {lo ni la .daniub. flecu} I can only think of either a viscosity rating or litres/second, and flecu doesn't sound like/hint at/have anything to do with viscosity AFAIK. 

 

Finally, let's address the -other- CLL example. {lo ni la .frank. ciska} 

 

Well... crap... that doesn't make any sense without a {ce'u} in there. So how do we read this? Is it measuring the degree to which Frank is a writer? Well, rather than reading this as habitual action, let's just assume we're talking about the present. So what is the degree to which Frank is currently a writer. Well, we'd have to, like the first two examples, measure the output. In the first example, we measured the degree to which I was applicable to blue, or measuring myself on a scale of blue (contrast/luminosity). In the second we measured the degree to which the Danube applied to flowing, or the flow of the Danube, which is litres per second (or kilolitres per minute or whatever one would use to measure a river). Finally, we would measure the degree to which Frank is a writer by measuring on a scale of writing. X letters/words/sentences/paragraphs/pages per second/minute/hour/day/week/month/year. 

 The important thing to note is that the ce'u-less version (wherein x1 is the measure to which the bridi is applicable) seems to be the most useful as it allows to talk about the most number of intended things. {lo ni blanu} is the degree to which something is blue, {lo ni ciska} is the degree to which somebody is a writer. Perhaps I should be specific... Maybe we should be very specific and say that it's the degree to which the x1 is applicable? If we need a version with ce'u, perhaps combine with {ka}? I'm not sure of the utility, so I couldn't rightly say. 

 

So now everybody is in agreement and I've saved Lojban forever. 

 

(You may donate as much money as you like now.) 

=D

 

 

In all seriousness, I like my painless version, but it seems to need stress-testing and wearing in. For example, I'm not exactly sure of the meaning of {lo ni la .frank. ciska xa lo so'e valsi}.

- Lindar ~ <3

==== ce'u ====

Does a place filled with "zo'e" count as filled for the purpose of figuring out the first unfilled place? Does a place filled with "FA ku" count? I say yes and yes. There may be other parts of the language where this is important.

- John Cowan.

[[Category:BPFK Section]]

BPFK Section: Abstractors

2018-05-13T02:25:00Z

Wuzzy: key fixes

From [[BPFK Section: Grammatical Pro-sumti]], since moved here:

== Proposed definitions ==
=== cmavo: du'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''du'u'' ====

x1 is a predication [[bridi|bridi]] expressed in sentence x2.

==== Proposed Keywords ====

* predication abstraction

==== Examples of ''du'u'' Usage ====

mi djuno lo du'u la frank. cu bebna 
''I know that Frank is a fool.'' 

mi na djuno lo du'u makau tadji lo nu sazri lo karce 
''I don't know how to drive the car.'' 

lo du'u li re su'i re du li pano cu jitfa 
''The statement "2+2=10" is wrong.''

=== cmavo: ka (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ka'' ====

;'''ka''' (NU): abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''ka'' Usage ====

i lo tixnu be mi ca lo prulamdei cu kelci lo gunka jadni bo karda je jaspu pe mi .i seri'abo mi puze'a na kakne lo nu facki lo ka se diklo kei jy va'o lo nu mi na djuno lo nu go'i .oi u'anai 

My daughter, yesterday, played with my working passport, which made it so I was unable to find it for a while. 

 

.i .ia mutce lo ka milxe lo ka slabu do 

It's not very familiar to you, I believe. 

=== cmavo: li'i (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''li'i'' ====

;'''li'i''' (NU): abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [[bridi|bridi]] (participant or observer).

==== Examples of ''li'i'' Usage ====

.i lo pluka ko li'i djedi 

"Have a pleasant day." 

 

mi gleki lo li'i penmi do 

"I'm happy that I've met you." 

=== cmavo: ni (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ni'' ====

;'''ni''' (NU): abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [[bridi|bridi]] measured on scale x2.

==== Examples of ''ni'' Usage ====

mi pu zu sampla fi lo nu mi sanji lo ni cafne fa lo nu mi pinxe lo djacu 

A long time ago I programmed something that was meant to alert me to the frequency of my drinking water. 

==== notes ====

(bad jbo, worse translation, but usage matches up with use suggested in section issues)

=== cmavo: nu (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''nu'' ====

;'''nu''' (NU): abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''nu'' Usage ====

do na kakne lo nu catra mi 

You're not capable of killing me. 

 

la .lindar. djica lo nu viska lo nu la .timos. dansu 

Lindar wants to see Timo dance. 

=== cmavo: si'o (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''si'o'' ====

;'''si'o''' (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''si'o'' Usage ====

lo si'o racli cu na klina sidbo 

The idea of rationality is not a clear idea. 

 

.i lo si'o plixau cu srana lo prenu .i ju lo si'o lo prenu cu plixau cu palci 

The idea of utility is pertinent to people whether or not the idea of people being useful is evil. 

=== cmavo: su'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''su'u'' ====

;'''su'u''' (NU): abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [[bridi|bridi]] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2.

==== Examples of ''su'u'' Usage ====

.i lo su'u go'i cu zmadu lo nu casnu kei lo ka vajni (mild edit) 

That's definitely more important than conversing. 

 

.i .e'o ko sarji lo su'u curmi loinu mi pilno la jbovlaste. noi cnino je xamgu to ki'esai toi 

Could you help me out with using JVS, which is both new and beneficial (thank you!). 

=== cmavo: jei (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''jei'' ====

;'''jei''' (NU): abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [[bridi|bridi]] under epistemology x2.

==== Examples of ''jei'' Usage ====

le jei rigni cinse cu pabdu'i le jei cinri 

How disgustingly sexual it seems is only fractionally equal to how interesting it is. (2002 usage) 

 

.i mi kucli le jei mi nu'o gasnu le nu binxo 

I'm curious about whether or not I am capable of becoming. 

 

==== Issues ====

Ill-defined. Most examples in corpus are inconsistent in use, but replacement of du'u with jei seems to be one common use. Not sure of the intended meaning.

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/8dbeac4bc3a4e4b4 issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/5c9068270f012d59 more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/7fd85b2ed2d70507 more more issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/72736f5a34372ba3 and even more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/cb0ec5a194243570 recommending just to not use it at this point.]

=== cmavo: kei (KEI) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''kei'' ====
Elidable terminator: Ends an abstraction [[bridi]].

==== Proposed keywords of ''key'' ====
* abstraction bridi terminator

==== Examples of ''kei'' Usage ====

lo du'u mi prami do kei fatci
''It's a fact that I love you.''
ca'o lo pu'u lo latmo balje'a cu porpi kei so'i je'atru cu selcatra
''During the fall of the Roman Empire, many Emperors were killed.''

=== cmavo: ce'u (KOhA8) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ce'u'' ====

;'''ce'u''' (KOhA8): Abstraction variable indicator. ''ce'u'' is a pro-sumti (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified sumti). ''ce'u'' indicates that the place it fills is considered to be a variable place that can be filled by other data. ''ce'u'' makes sense only inside abstraction clauses. In particular, ''ce'u'' is almost solely used in ''ka'', although ''si'o'', ''du'u'' and ''su'u'' clauses can make some sense with ''ce'u''. ''ce'u'' basically means "this abstraction refers to a relationship in which the place(s) marked with ''ce'u'' can be filled as needed", so that ''lo ka ce'u broda'' is "the property of being/doing broda". If a ''ka'' abstraction has no explicit ''ce'u'', the left-most unfilled space is assumed to contain an elided ''ce'u'', unless context strongly suggests that the ''ce'u'' should go in another place, or that there should be more than one. In a ''si'o'' abstraction, all unfilled places are assumed to contain ''ce'u''. In terms of the Lambda calculus, ce'u is both Lambda and a variable, i.e. Lambda(x). Each new ce'u is a new variable. To bind multiple places to the same Lambda variable, use ''ce'u goi ko'a'' or similar and scatter the bound variables as you like. You can also use ''ce'u xi pa xi pa'' to refer to the first ''ce'u'' in the current bridi; increase the second ''pa'' for later ''ce'u'' in the current bridi. You can also use ''ri'' and so on, or ''cy''. In the case of nested abstractions, ''ce'u'' or ''ce'u xi pa'' is a normal, new ''ce'u'' variable, but ''ce'u xi re'' refers to the first ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction, and so on for higher numbers. If there is more than one, use another ''xi'', so that ''ce'u xi re xi ci'' is the third ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction.

==== Examples of ''ce'u'' Usage ====

la djan. cu zmadu la djordj. le ka ce'u prami mi

''John is greater than George in the property of loving me.''

la alis zenba le ka cfipu ce'u

''Alice increases in the property being confused.''

Confused by some situation unspecified.

ku'i viku le rokci cu na dukse leka ce'u glare

''However, nearby the rock is not excessive in the property of being hot.''

== Section issues. ==

==== ni ====

mi'e .lindar.

 

Here are the 'salient points' of a conversation between myself and Robin regarding {ni}. 

 

I didn't understand {ni} very well. In the example I remember, {lo ni la .frank. ciska}, it took that to mean "the quantity of Frank's writing" whereas in another example {lo ni blanu} is how blue something is. Didn't really make sense, because if we apply the same logic to either one, we get either "the amount of blue things" or "the written-ness of Frank". Robin then expressed that using {ni} to talk about cubic feet per minute of flow with {lo ni flecu} would be much more useful then how I was interpreting it, which was "number of rivers". I had pointed out that it seemed some uses had an implied {ka}, while others did not. 

 Mark had apparently opined on the situation, saying "{lo pixra cu cenba lo ni blanu}, is that it? trouble is, {lo ni blanu} is exactly equivalent to some number. So it's like saying {lo pixra cu cenba li pimu}. Same problem as {jei}, which is utterly useless because it doesn't work the way we expected it to.". Robin then said that I should point out that {xo kau} and {xu kau} are current fixes (how much and if/whether or not). 

 I had started to look at it under the assumption that {lo ni ce'u ciska} was "the amount of writers" and {lo ni ciska ce'u} was "the amount written" for the sake of the argument. However, we also considered what it would mean to encompass the whole bridi, like {nu} or {du'u}, per Robin's thoughts. However, continuing the first thought, we established that {ni blanu} is a number of blue things, and {ni ka blanu} is the amount of the quality of being blue (the blueness), which is what the CLL defined as {lo ni blanu}. Continuing under this idea, we looked for a way to express 'the amount of flow' and 'the distance gone'. At this point we turned to combining with {nu} to say {ni nu klama} is the distance and {ni nu flecu} was the flow, after considering many other NU. However, this didn't sit well. What is the x1 of {ni}, then? Is it a number? If so, must it be a counting number (i.e. a number of actual things)? Can it be something more general? Is an amount-abstract different from a simple number? We then realised that x2 of ni is the scale upon which it's measured. So my original idea was out, though it might be neat to have a word that -did- work that way. {lo XX la .frank. ciska ce'u} how much frank wrote, perhaps representing a numeric value. *{.i lo (??) la .frank. ciska ce'u vau kei ku xlali le kagni be mi be'o ku vau} "The amount frank has written is bad for my business.". This logic leads to {lo (??) ka blanu} being the same as the CLL example of {lo ni blanu} being "the amount of blueness". 

 

Anyway... 

 

Soooooooo...... {ni} seems to imply {ka}. So why not divorce the two? {lo ni ka ce'u blanu kei kei ku} would be the amount of blueness, or just -how blue- something is. ... and ... I have no clue what it would mean by itself. Perhaps {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is the amount of blue things. 

 

The other option would be to better define it as {x1 is the amount or degree to which ce'u is applicable to [[bridi|bridi]] on scale x2}. For example then, {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is still the degree to which something is blue, but it doesn't seem to have an implied {ka} in there somewhere. So in the case of {lo ni blanu} we're talking about ... luminosity? Contrast? However, there's still that bit about ce'u. So... should it apply to the whole bridi? lo ni la .lindar. blanu ku - The degree to which Lindar is blue? (I'd rate it about a pi'enonononopa as I'm wearing a grey shirt with very short dark navy sleeves.) 

 

So then we can address RLP's concern of flow. {lo ni flecu} is the degree to which something flows. We're measuring how applicable something is to the selbri, and using a particular scale. In the first case we put me up on a scale of colour (I'm really not sure what's used to measure a colour, but you get the point) to talk about lo ni la .lindar. blanu, but now we're talking about how applicable something is to being described as flowing. So in {lo ni la .daniub. flecu} I can only think of either a viscosity rating or litres/second, and flecu doesn't sound like/hint at/have anything to do with viscosity AFAIK. 

 

Finally, let's address the -other- CLL example. {lo ni la .frank. ciska} 

 

Well... crap... that doesn't make any sense without a {ce'u} in there. So how do we read this? Is it measuring the degree to which Frank is a writer? Well, rather than reading this as habitual action, let's just assume we're talking about the present. So what is the degree to which Frank is currently a writer. Well, we'd have to, like the first two examples, measure the output. In the first example, we measured the degree to which I was applicable to blue, or measuring myself on a scale of blue (contrast/luminosity). In the second we measured the degree to which the Danube applied to flowing, or the flow of the Danube, which is litres per second (or kilolitres per minute or whatever one would use to measure a river). Finally, we would measure the degree to which Frank is a writer by measuring on a scale of writing. X letters/words/sentences/paragraphs/pages per second/minute/hour/day/week/month/year. 

 The important thing to note is that the ce'u-less version (wherein x1 is the measure to which the bridi is applicable) seems to be the most useful as it allows to talk about the most number of intended things. {lo ni blanu} is the degree to which something is blue, {lo ni ciska} is the degree to which somebody is a writer. Perhaps I should be specific... Maybe we should be very specific and say that it's the degree to which the x1 is applicable? If we need a version with ce'u, perhaps combine with {ka}? I'm not sure of the utility, so I couldn't rightly say. 

 

So now everybody is in agreement and I've saved Lojban forever. 

 

(You may donate as much money as you like now.) 

=D

 

 

In all seriousness, I like my painless version, but it seems to need stress-testing and wearing in. For example, I'm not exactly sure of the meaning of {lo ni la .frank. ciska xa lo so'e valsi}.

- Lindar ~ <3

==== ce'u ====

Does a place filled with "zo'e" count as filled for the purpose of figuring out the first unfilled place? Does a place filled with "FA ku" count? I say yes and yes. There may be other parts of the language where this is important.

- John Cowan.

[[Category:BPFK Section]]

BPFK Section: Abstractors

2018-05-13T02:24:16Z

Wuzzy: Add kei

From [[BPFK Section: Grammatical Pro-sumti]], since moved here:

== Proposed definitions ==
=== cmavo: du'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''du'u'' ====

x1 is a predication [[bridi|bridi]] expressed in sentence x2.

==== Proposed Keywords ====

* predication abstraction

==== Examples of ''du'u'' Usage ====

mi djuno lo du'u la frank. cu bebna 
''I know that Frank is a fool.'' 

mi na djuno lo du'u makau tadji lo nu sazri lo karce 
''I don't know how to drive the car.'' 

lo du'u li re su'i re du li pano cu jitfa 
''The statement "2+2=10" is wrong.''

=== cmavo: ka (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ka'' ====

;'''ka''' (NU): abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''ka'' Usage ====

i lo tixnu be mi ca lo prulamdei cu kelci lo gunka jadni bo karda je jaspu pe mi .i seri'abo mi puze'a na kakne lo nu facki lo ka se diklo kei jy va'o lo nu mi na djuno lo nu go'i .oi u'anai 

My daughter, yesterday, played with my working passport, which made it so I was unable to find it for a while. 

 

.i .ia mutce lo ka milxe lo ka slabu do 

It's not very familiar to you, I believe. 

=== cmavo: li'i (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''li'i'' ====

;'''li'i''' (NU): abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [[bridi|bridi]] (participant or observer).

==== Examples of ''li'i'' Usage ====

.i lo pluka ko li'i djedi 

"Have a pleasant day." 

 

mi gleki lo li'i penmi do 

"I'm happy that I've met you." 

=== cmavo: ni (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ni'' ====

;'''ni''' (NU): abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [[bridi|bridi]] measured on scale x2.

==== Examples of ''ni'' Usage ====

mi pu zu sampla fi lo nu mi sanji lo ni cafne fa lo nu mi pinxe lo djacu 

A long time ago I programmed something that was meant to alert me to the frequency of my drinking water. 

==== notes ====

(bad jbo, worse translation, but usage matches up with use suggested in section issues)

=== cmavo: nu (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''nu'' ====

;'''nu''' (NU): abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''nu'' Usage ====

do na kakne lo nu catra mi 

You're not capable of killing me. 

 

la .lindar. djica lo nu viska lo nu la .timos. dansu 

Lindar wants to see Timo dance. 

=== cmavo: si'o (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''si'o'' ====

;'''si'o''' (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''si'o'' Usage ====

lo si'o racli cu na klina sidbo 

The idea of rationality is not a clear idea. 

 

.i lo si'o plixau cu srana lo prenu .i ju lo si'o lo prenu cu plixau cu palci 

The idea of utility is pertinent to people whether or not the idea of people being useful is evil. 

=== cmavo: su'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''su'u'' ====

;'''su'u''' (NU): abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [[bridi|bridi]] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2.

==== Examples of ''su'u'' Usage ====

.i lo su'u go'i cu zmadu lo nu casnu kei lo ka vajni (mild edit) 

That's definitely more important than conversing. 

 

.i .e'o ko sarji lo su'u curmi loinu mi pilno la jbovlaste. noi cnino je xamgu to ki'esai toi 

Could you help me out with using JVS, which is both new and beneficial (thank you!). 

=== cmavo: jei (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''jei'' ====

;'''jei''' (NU): abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [[bridi|bridi]] under epistemology x2.

==== Examples of ''jei'' Usage ====

le jei rigni cinse cu pabdu'i le jei cinri 

How disgustingly sexual it seems is only fractionally equal to how interesting it is. (2002 usage) 

 

.i mi kucli le jei mi nu'o gasnu le nu binxo 

I'm curious about whether or not I am capable of becoming. 

 

==== Issues ====

Ill-defined. Most examples in corpus are inconsistent in use, but replacement of du'u with jei seems to be one common use. Not sure of the intended meaning.

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/8dbeac4bc3a4e4b4 issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/5c9068270f012d59 more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/7fd85b2ed2d70507 more more issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/72736f5a34372ba3 and even more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/cb0ec5a194243570 recommending just to not use it at this point.]

=== cmavo: kei (KEI) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''kei'' ====
Elidable terminator: Ends an abstraction [[bridi]].

=== Proposed keywords ===
* abstraction bridi terminator

==== Examples of ''kei'' Usage ====

lo du'u mi prami do kei fatci
''It's a fact that I love you.''
ca'o lo pu'u lo latmo balje'a cu porpi kei so'i je'atru cu selcatra
''During the fall of the Roman Empire, many Emperors were killed.''

=== cmavo: ce'u (KOhA8) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ce'u'' ====

;'''ce'u''' (KOhA8): Abstraction variable indicator. ''ce'u'' is a pro-sumti (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified sumti). ''ce'u'' indicates that the place it fills is considered to be a variable place that can be filled by other data. ''ce'u'' makes sense only inside abstraction clauses. In particular, ''ce'u'' is almost solely used in ''ka'', although ''si'o'', ''du'u'' and ''su'u'' clauses can make some sense with ''ce'u''. ''ce'u'' basically means "this abstraction refers to a relationship in which the place(s) marked with ''ce'u'' can be filled as needed", so that ''lo ka ce'u broda'' is "the property of being/doing broda". If a ''ka'' abstraction has no explicit ''ce'u'', the left-most unfilled space is assumed to contain an elided ''ce'u'', unless context strongly suggests that the ''ce'u'' should go in another place, or that there should be more than one. In a ''si'o'' abstraction, all unfilled places are assumed to contain ''ce'u''. In terms of the Lambda calculus, ce'u is both Lambda and a variable, i.e. Lambda(x). Each new ce'u is a new variable. To bind multiple places to the same Lambda variable, use ''ce'u goi ko'a'' or similar and scatter the bound variables as you like. You can also use ''ce'u xi pa xi pa'' to refer to the first ''ce'u'' in the current bridi; increase the second ''pa'' for later ''ce'u'' in the current bridi. You can also use ''ri'' and so on, or ''cy''. In the case of nested abstractions, ''ce'u'' or ''ce'u xi pa'' is a normal, new ''ce'u'' variable, but ''ce'u xi re'' refers to the first ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction, and so on for higher numbers. If there is more than one, use another ''xi'', so that ''ce'u xi re xi ci'' is the third ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction.

==== Examples of ''ce'u'' Usage ====

la djan. cu zmadu la djordj. le ka ce'u prami mi

''John is greater than George in the property of loving me.''

la alis zenba le ka cfipu ce'u

''Alice increases in the property being confused.''

Confused by some situation unspecified.

ku'i viku le rokci cu na dukse leka ce'u glare

''However, nearby the rock is not excessive in the property of being hot.''

== Section issues. ==

==== ni ====

mi'e .lindar.

 

Here are the 'salient points' of a conversation between myself and Robin regarding {ni}. 

 

I didn't understand {ni} very well. In the example I remember, {lo ni la .frank. ciska}, it took that to mean "the quantity of Frank's writing" whereas in another example {lo ni blanu} is how blue something is. Didn't really make sense, because if we apply the same logic to either one, we get either "the amount of blue things" or "the written-ness of Frank". Robin then expressed that using {ni} to talk about cubic feet per minute of flow with {lo ni flecu} would be much more useful then how I was interpreting it, which was "number of rivers". I had pointed out that it seemed some uses had an implied {ka}, while others did not. 

 Mark had apparently opined on the situation, saying "{lo pixra cu cenba lo ni blanu}, is that it? trouble is, {lo ni blanu} is exactly equivalent to some number. So it's like saying {lo pixra cu cenba li pimu}. Same problem as {jei}, which is utterly useless because it doesn't work the way we expected it to.". Robin then said that I should point out that {xo kau} and {xu kau} are current fixes (how much and if/whether or not). 

 I had started to look at it under the assumption that {lo ni ce'u ciska} was "the amount of writers" and {lo ni ciska ce'u} was "the amount written" for the sake of the argument. However, we also considered what it would mean to encompass the whole bridi, like {nu} or {du'u}, per Robin's thoughts. However, continuing the first thought, we established that {ni blanu} is a number of blue things, and {ni ka blanu} is the amount of the quality of being blue (the blueness), which is what the CLL defined as {lo ni blanu}. Continuing under this idea, we looked for a way to express 'the amount of flow' and 'the distance gone'. At this point we turned to combining with {nu} to say {ni nu klama} is the distance and {ni nu flecu} was the flow, after considering many other NU. However, this didn't sit well. What is the x1 of {ni}, then? Is it a number? If so, must it be a counting number (i.e. a number of actual things)? Can it be something more general? Is an amount-abstract different from a simple number? We then realised that x2 of ni is the scale upon which it's measured. So my original idea was out, though it might be neat to have a word that -did- work that way. {lo XX la .frank. ciska ce'u} how much frank wrote, perhaps representing a numeric value. *{.i lo (??) la .frank. ciska ce'u vau kei ku xlali le kagni be mi be'o ku vau} "The amount frank has written is bad for my business.". This logic leads to {lo (??) ka blanu} being the same as the CLL example of {lo ni blanu} being "the amount of blueness". 

 

Anyway... 

 

Soooooooo...... {ni} seems to imply {ka}. So why not divorce the two? {lo ni ka ce'u blanu kei kei ku} would be the amount of blueness, or just -how blue- something is. ... and ... I have no clue what it would mean by itself. Perhaps {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is the amount of blue things. 

 

The other option would be to better define it as {x1 is the amount or degree to which ce'u is applicable to [[bridi|bridi]] on scale x2}. For example then, {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is still the degree to which something is blue, but it doesn't seem to have an implied {ka} in there somewhere. So in the case of {lo ni blanu} we're talking about ... luminosity? Contrast? However, there's still that bit about ce'u. So... should it apply to the whole bridi? lo ni la .lindar. blanu ku - The degree to which Lindar is blue? (I'd rate it about a pi'enonononopa as I'm wearing a grey shirt with very short dark navy sleeves.) 

 

So then we can address RLP's concern of flow. {lo ni flecu} is the degree to which something flows. We're measuring how applicable something is to the selbri, and using a particular scale. In the first case we put me up on a scale of colour (I'm really not sure what's used to measure a colour, but you get the point) to talk about lo ni la .lindar. blanu, but now we're talking about how applicable something is to being described as flowing. So in {lo ni la .daniub. flecu} I can only think of either a viscosity rating or litres/second, and flecu doesn't sound like/hint at/have anything to do with viscosity AFAIK. 

 

Finally, let's address the -other- CLL example. {lo ni la .frank. ciska} 

 

Well... crap... that doesn't make any sense without a {ce'u} in there. So how do we read this? Is it measuring the degree to which Frank is a writer? Well, rather than reading this as habitual action, let's just assume we're talking about the present. So what is the degree to which Frank is currently a writer. Well, we'd have to, like the first two examples, measure the output. In the first example, we measured the degree to which I was applicable to blue, or measuring myself on a scale of blue (contrast/luminosity). In the second we measured the degree to which the Danube applied to flowing, or the flow of the Danube, which is litres per second (or kilolitres per minute or whatever one would use to measure a river). Finally, we would measure the degree to which Frank is a writer by measuring on a scale of writing. X letters/words/sentences/paragraphs/pages per second/minute/hour/day/week/month/year. 

 The important thing to note is that the ce'u-less version (wherein x1 is the measure to which the bridi is applicable) seems to be the most useful as it allows to talk about the most number of intended things. {lo ni blanu} is the degree to which something is blue, {lo ni ciska} is the degree to which somebody is a writer. Perhaps I should be specific... Maybe we should be very specific and say that it's the degree to which the x1 is applicable? If we need a version with ce'u, perhaps combine with {ka}? I'm not sure of the utility, so I couldn't rightly say. 

 

So now everybody is in agreement and I've saved Lojban forever. 

 

(You may donate as much money as you like now.) 

=D

 

 

In all seriousness, I like my painless version, but it seems to need stress-testing and wearing in. For example, I'm not exactly sure of the meaning of {lo ni la .frank. ciska xa lo so'e valsi}.

- Lindar ~ <3

==== ce'u ====

Does a place filled with "zo'e" count as filled for the purpose of figuring out the first unfilled place? Does a place filled with "FA ku" count? I say yes and yes. There may be other parts of the language where this is important.

- John Cowan.

[[Category:BPFK Section]]

BPFK Section: Abstractors

2018-05-13T01:56:27Z

Wuzzy: /* Proposed definitions */

From [[BPFK Section: Grammatical Pro-sumti]], since moved here:

== Proposed definitions ==
=== du'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''du'u'' ====

x1 is a predication [[bridi|bridi]] expressed in sentence x2.

==== Proposed Keywords ====

* predication abstraction

==== Examples of ''du'u'' Usage ====

mi djuno lo du'u la frank. cu bebna 
''I know that Frank is a fool.'' 

mi na djuno lo du'u makau tadji lo nu sazri lo karce 
''I don't know how to drive the car.'' 

lo du'u li re su'i re du li pano cu jitfa 
''The statement "2+2=10" is wrong.''

=== ka (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ka'' ====

;'''ka''' (NU): abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''ka'' Usage ====

i lo tixnu be mi ca lo prulamdei cu kelci lo gunka jadni bo karda je jaspu pe mi .i seri'abo mi puze'a na kakne lo nu facki lo ka se diklo kei jy va'o lo nu mi na djuno lo nu go'i .oi u'anai 

My daughter, yesterday, played with my working passport, which made it so I was unable to find it for a while. 

 

.i .ia mutce lo ka milxe lo ka slabu do 

It's not very familiar to you, I believe. 

=== li'i (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''li'i'' ====

;'''li'i''' (NU): abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [[bridi|bridi]] (participant or observer).

==== Examples of ''li'i'' Usage ====

.i lo pluka ko li'i djedi 

"Have a pleasant day." 

 

mi gleki lo li'i penmi do 

"I'm happy that I've met you." 

=== ni (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ni'' ====

;'''ni''' (NU): abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [[bridi|bridi]] measured on scale x2.

==== Examples of ''ni'' Usage ====

mi pu zu sampla fi lo nu mi sanji lo ni cafne fa lo nu mi pinxe lo djacu 

A long time ago I programmed something that was meant to alert me to the frequency of my drinking water. 

==== notes ====

(bad jbo, worse translation, but usage matches up with use suggested in section issues)

=== nu (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''nu'' ====

;'''nu''' (NU): abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''nu'' Usage ====

do na kakne lo nu catra mi 

You're not capable of killing me. 

 

la .lindar. djica lo nu viska lo nu la .timos. dansu 

Lindar wants to see Timo dance. 

=== si'o (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''si'o'' ====

;'''si'o''' (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''si'o'' Usage ====

lo si'o racli cu na klina sidbo 

The idea of rationality is not a clear idea. 

 

.i lo si'o plixau cu srana lo prenu .i ju lo si'o lo prenu cu plixau cu palci 

The idea of utility is pertinent to people whether or not the idea of people being useful is evil. 

=== su'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''su'u'' ====

;'''su'u''' (NU): abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [[bridi|bridi]] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2.

==== Examples of ''su'u'' Usage ====

.i lo su'u go'i cu zmadu lo nu casnu kei lo ka vajni (mild edit) 

That's definitely more important than conversing. 

 

.i .e'o ko sarji lo su'u curmi loinu mi pilno la jbovlaste. noi cnino je xamgu to ki'esai toi 

Could you help me out with using JVS, which is both new and beneficial (thank you!). 

=== jei (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''jei'' ====

;'''jei''' (NU): abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [[bridi|bridi]] under epistemology x2.

==== Examples of ''jei'' Usage ====

le jei rigni cinse cu pabdu'i le jei cinri 

How disgustingly sexual it seems is only fractionally equal to how interesting it is. (2002 usage) 

 

.i mi kucli le jei mi nu'o gasnu le nu binxo 

I'm curious about whether or not I am capable of becoming. 

 

==== Issues ====

Ill-defined. Most examples in corpus are inconsistent in use, but replacement of du'u with jei seems to be one common use. Not sure of the intended meaning.

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/8dbeac4bc3a4e4b4 issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/5c9068270f012d59 more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/7fd85b2ed2d70507 more more issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/72736f5a34372ba3 and even more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/cb0ec5a194243570 recommending just to not use it at this point.]

=== ce'u (KOhA8) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ce'u'' ====

;'''ce'u''' (KOhA8): Abstraction variable indicator. ''ce'u'' is a pro-sumti (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified sumti). ''ce'u'' indicates that the place it fills is considered to be a variable place that can be filled by other data. ''ce'u'' makes sense only inside abstraction clauses. In particular, ''ce'u'' is almost solely used in ''ka'', although ''si'o'', ''du'u'' and ''su'u'' clauses can make some sense with ''ce'u''. ''ce'u'' basically means "this abstraction refers to a relationship in which the place(s) marked with ''ce'u'' can be filled as needed", so that ''lo ka ce'u broda'' is "the property of being/doing broda". If a ''ka'' abstraction has no explicit ''ce'u'', the left-most unfilled space is assumed to contain an elided ''ce'u'', unless context strongly suggests that the ''ce'u'' should go in another place, or that there should be more than one. In a ''si'o'' abstraction, all unfilled places are assumed to contain ''ce'u''. In terms of the Lambda calculus, ce'u is both Lambda and a variable, i.e. Lambda(x). Each new ce'u is a new variable. To bind multiple places to the same Lambda variable, use ''ce'u goi ko'a'' or similar and scatter the bound variables as you like. You can also use ''ce'u xi pa xi pa'' to refer to the first ''ce'u'' in the current bridi; increase the second ''pa'' for later ''ce'u'' in the current bridi. You can also use ''ri'' and so on, or ''cy''. In the case of nested abstractions, ''ce'u'' or ''ce'u xi pa'' is a normal, new ''ce'u'' variable, but ''ce'u xi re'' refers to the first ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction, and so on for higher numbers. If there is more than one, use another ''xi'', so that ''ce'u xi re xi ci'' is the third ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction.

==== Examples of ''ce'u'' Usage ====

la djan. cu zmadu la djordj. le ka ce'u prami mi

''John is greater than George in the property of loving me.''

la alis zenba le ka cfipu ce'u

''Alice increases in the property being confused.''

Confused by some situation unspecified.

ku'i viku le rokci cu na dukse leka ce'u glare

''However, nearby the rock is not excessive in the property of being hot.''

== Section issues. ==

==== ni ====

mi'e .lindar.

 

Here are the 'salient points' of a conversation between myself and Robin regarding {ni}. 

 

I didn't understand {ni} very well. In the example I remember, {lo ni la .frank. ciska}, it took that to mean "the quantity of Frank's writing" whereas in another example {lo ni blanu} is how blue something is. Didn't really make sense, because if we apply the same logic to either one, we get either "the amount of blue things" or "the written-ness of Frank". Robin then expressed that using {ni} to talk about cubic feet per minute of flow with {lo ni flecu} would be much more useful then how I was interpreting it, which was "number of rivers". I had pointed out that it seemed some uses had an implied {ka}, while others did not. 

 Mark had apparently opined on the situation, saying "{lo pixra cu cenba lo ni blanu}, is that it? trouble is, {lo ni blanu} is exactly equivalent to some number. So it's like saying {lo pixra cu cenba li pimu}. Same problem as {jei}, which is utterly useless because it doesn't work the way we expected it to.". Robin then said that I should point out that {xo kau} and {xu kau} are current fixes (how much and if/whether or not). 

 I had started to look at it under the assumption that {lo ni ce'u ciska} was "the amount of writers" and {lo ni ciska ce'u} was "the amount written" for the sake of the argument. However, we also considered what it would mean to encompass the whole bridi, like {nu} or {du'u}, per Robin's thoughts. However, continuing the first thought, we established that {ni blanu} is a number of blue things, and {ni ka blanu} is the amount of the quality of being blue (the blueness), which is what the CLL defined as {lo ni blanu}. Continuing under this idea, we looked for a way to express 'the amount of flow' and 'the distance gone'. At this point we turned to combining with {nu} to say {ni nu klama} is the distance and {ni nu flecu} was the flow, after considering many other NU. However, this didn't sit well. What is the x1 of {ni}, then? Is it a number? If so, must it be a counting number (i.e. a number of actual things)? Can it be something more general? Is an amount-abstract different from a simple number? We then realised that x2 of ni is the scale upon which it's measured. So my original idea was out, though it might be neat to have a word that -did- work that way. {lo XX la .frank. ciska ce'u} how much frank wrote, perhaps representing a numeric value. *{.i lo (??) la .frank. ciska ce'u vau kei ku xlali le kagni be mi be'o ku vau} "The amount frank has written is bad for my business.". This logic leads to {lo (??) ka blanu} being the same as the CLL example of {lo ni blanu} being "the amount of blueness". 

 

Anyway... 

 

Soooooooo...... {ni} seems to imply {ka}. So why not divorce the two? {lo ni ka ce'u blanu kei kei ku} would be the amount of blueness, or just -how blue- something is. ... and ... I have no clue what it would mean by itself. Perhaps {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is the amount of blue things. 

 

The other option would be to better define it as {x1 is the amount or degree to which ce'u is applicable to [[bridi|bridi]] on scale x2}. For example then, {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is still the degree to which something is blue, but it doesn't seem to have an implied {ka} in there somewhere. So in the case of {lo ni blanu} we're talking about ... luminosity? Contrast? However, there's still that bit about ce'u. So... should it apply to the whole bridi? lo ni la .lindar. blanu ku - The degree to which Lindar is blue? (I'd rate it about a pi'enonononopa as I'm wearing a grey shirt with very short dark navy sleeves.) 

 

So then we can address RLP's concern of flow. {lo ni flecu} is the degree to which something flows. We're measuring how applicable something is to the selbri, and using a particular scale. In the first case we put me up on a scale of colour (I'm really not sure what's used to measure a colour, but you get the point) to talk about lo ni la .lindar. blanu, but now we're talking about how applicable something is to being described as flowing. So in {lo ni la .daniub. flecu} I can only think of either a viscosity rating or litres/second, and flecu doesn't sound like/hint at/have anything to do with viscosity AFAIK. 

 

Finally, let's address the -other- CLL example. {lo ni la .frank. ciska} 

 

Well... crap... that doesn't make any sense without a {ce'u} in there. So how do we read this? Is it measuring the degree to which Frank is a writer? Well, rather than reading this as habitual action, let's just assume we're talking about the present. So what is the degree to which Frank is currently a writer. Well, we'd have to, like the first two examples, measure the output. In the first example, we measured the degree to which I was applicable to blue, or measuring myself on a scale of blue (contrast/luminosity). In the second we measured the degree to which the Danube applied to flowing, or the flow of the Danube, which is litres per second (or kilolitres per minute or whatever one would use to measure a river). Finally, we would measure the degree to which Frank is a writer by measuring on a scale of writing. X letters/words/sentences/paragraphs/pages per second/minute/hour/day/week/month/year. 

 The important thing to note is that the ce'u-less version (wherein x1 is the measure to which the bridi is applicable) seems to be the most useful as it allows to talk about the most number of intended things. {lo ni blanu} is the degree to which something is blue, {lo ni ciska} is the degree to which somebody is a writer. Perhaps I should be specific... Maybe we should be very specific and say that it's the degree to which the x1 is applicable? If we need a version with ce'u, perhaps combine with {ka}? I'm not sure of the utility, so I couldn't rightly say. 

 

So now everybody is in agreement and I've saved Lojban forever. 

 

(You may donate as much money as you like now.) 

=D

 

 

In all seriousness, I like my painless version, but it seems to need stress-testing and wearing in. For example, I'm not exactly sure of the meaning of {lo ni la .frank. ciska xa lo so'e valsi}.

- Lindar ~ <3

==== ce'u ====

Does a place filled with "zo'e" count as filled for the purpose of figuring out the first unfilled place? Does a place filled with "FA ku" count? I say yes and yes. There may be other parts of the language where this is important.

- John Cowan.

[[Category:BPFK Section]]

BPFK Section: Abstractors

2018-05-13T01:55:26Z

Wuzzy: update du'u

From [[BPFK Section: Grammatical Pro-sumti]], since moved here:

== Proposed definitions ==
=== du'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''du'u'' ====

;x1 is a predication [[bridi|bridi]] expressed in sentence x2.

==== Proposed Keywords ====

* predication abstraction

==== Examples of ''du'u'' Usage ====

mi djuno lo du'u la frank. cu bebna 
''I know that Frank is a fool.'' 

mi na djuno lo du'u makau tadji lo nu sazri lo karce 
''I don't know how to drive the car.'' 

lo du'u li re su'i re du li pano cu jitfa 
''The statement "2+2=10" is wrong.''

=== ka (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ka'' ====

;'''ka''' (NU): abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''ka'' Usage ====

i lo tixnu be mi ca lo prulamdei cu kelci lo gunka jadni bo karda je jaspu pe mi .i seri'abo mi puze'a na kakne lo nu facki lo ka se diklo kei jy va'o lo nu mi na djuno lo nu go'i .oi u'anai 

My daughter, yesterday, played with my working passport, which made it so I was unable to find it for a while. 

 

.i .ia mutce lo ka milxe lo ka slabu do 

It's not very familiar to you, I believe. 

=== li'i (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''li'i'' ====

;'''li'i''' (NU): abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [[bridi|bridi]] (participant or observer).

==== Examples of ''li'i'' Usage ====

.i lo pluka ko li'i djedi 

"Have a pleasant day." 

 

mi gleki lo li'i penmi do 

"I'm happy that I've met you." 

=== ni (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ni'' ====

;'''ni''' (NU): abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [[bridi|bridi]] measured on scale x2.

==== Examples of ''ni'' Usage ====

mi pu zu sampla fi lo nu mi sanji lo ni cafne fa lo nu mi pinxe lo djacu 

A long time ago I programmed something that was meant to alert me to the frequency of my drinking water. 

==== notes ====

(bad jbo, worse translation, but usage matches up with use suggested in section issues)

=== nu (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''nu'' ====

;'''nu''' (NU): abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''nu'' Usage ====

do na kakne lo nu catra mi 

You're not capable of killing me. 

 

la .lindar. djica lo nu viska lo nu la .timos. dansu 

Lindar wants to see Timo dance. 

=== si'o (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''si'o'' ====

;'''si'o''' (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''si'o'' Usage ====

lo si'o racli cu na klina sidbo 

The idea of rationality is not a clear idea. 

 

.i lo si'o plixau cu srana lo prenu .i ju lo si'o lo prenu cu plixau cu palci 

The idea of utility is pertinent to people whether or not the idea of people being useful is evil. 

=== su'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''su'u'' ====

;'''su'u''' (NU): abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [[bridi|bridi]] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2.

==== Examples of ''su'u'' Usage ====

.i lo su'u go'i cu zmadu lo nu casnu kei lo ka vajni (mild edit) 

That's definitely more important than conversing. 

 

.i .e'o ko sarji lo su'u curmi loinu mi pilno la jbovlaste. noi cnino je xamgu to ki'esai toi 

Could you help me out with using JVS, which is both new and beneficial (thank you!). 

=== jei (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''jei'' ====

;'''jei''' (NU): abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [[bridi|bridi]] under epistemology x2.

==== Examples of ''jei'' Usage ====

le jei rigni cinse cu pabdu'i le jei cinri 

How disgustingly sexual it seems is only fractionally equal to how interesting it is. (2002 usage) 

 

.i mi kucli le jei mi nu'o gasnu le nu binxo 

I'm curious about whether or not I am capable of becoming. 

 

==== Issues ====

Ill-defined. Most examples in corpus are inconsistent in use, but replacement of du'u with jei seems to be one common use. Not sure of the intended meaning.

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/8dbeac4bc3a4e4b4 issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/5c9068270f012d59 more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/7fd85b2ed2d70507 more more issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/72736f5a34372ba3 and even more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/cb0ec5a194243570 recommending just to not use it at this point.]

=== ce'u (KOhA8) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ce'u'' ====

;'''ce'u''' (KOhA8): Abstraction variable indicator. ''ce'u'' is a pro-sumti (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified sumti). ''ce'u'' indicates that the place it fills is considered to be a variable place that can be filled by other data. ''ce'u'' makes sense only inside abstraction clauses. In particular, ''ce'u'' is almost solely used in ''ka'', although ''si'o'', ''du'u'' and ''su'u'' clauses can make some sense with ''ce'u''. ''ce'u'' basically means "this abstraction refers to a relationship in which the place(s) marked with ''ce'u'' can be filled as needed", so that ''lo ka ce'u broda'' is "the property of being/doing broda". If a ''ka'' abstraction has no explicit ''ce'u'', the left-most unfilled space is assumed to contain an elided ''ce'u'', unless context strongly suggests that the ''ce'u'' should go in another place, or that there should be more than one. In a ''si'o'' abstraction, all unfilled places are assumed to contain ''ce'u''. In terms of the Lambda calculus, ce'u is both Lambda and a variable, i.e. Lambda(x). Each new ce'u is a new variable. To bind multiple places to the same Lambda variable, use ''ce'u goi ko'a'' or similar and scatter the bound variables as you like. You can also use ''ce'u xi pa xi pa'' to refer to the first ''ce'u'' in the current bridi; increase the second ''pa'' for later ''ce'u'' in the current bridi. You can also use ''ri'' and so on, or ''cy''. In the case of nested abstractions, ''ce'u'' or ''ce'u xi pa'' is a normal, new ''ce'u'' variable, but ''ce'u xi re'' refers to the first ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction, and so on for higher numbers. If there is more than one, use another ''xi'', so that ''ce'u xi re xi ci'' is the third ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction.

==== Examples of ''ce'u'' Usage ====

la djan. cu zmadu la djordj. le ka ce'u prami mi

''John is greater than George in the property of loving me.''

la alis zenba le ka cfipu ce'u

''Alice increases in the property being confused.''

Confused by some situation unspecified.

ku'i viku le rokci cu na dukse leka ce'u glare

''However, nearby the rock is not excessive in the property of being hot.''

== Section issues. ==

==== ni ====

mi'e .lindar.

 

Here are the 'salient points' of a conversation between myself and Robin regarding {ni}. 

 

I didn't understand {ni} very well. In the example I remember, {lo ni la .frank. ciska}, it took that to mean "the quantity of Frank's writing" whereas in another example {lo ni blanu} is how blue something is. Didn't really make sense, because if we apply the same logic to either one, we get either "the amount of blue things" or "the written-ness of Frank". Robin then expressed that using {ni} to talk about cubic feet per minute of flow with {lo ni flecu} would be much more useful then how I was interpreting it, which was "number of rivers". I had pointed out that it seemed some uses had an implied {ka}, while others did not. 

 Mark had apparently opined on the situation, saying "{lo pixra cu cenba lo ni blanu}, is that it? trouble is, {lo ni blanu} is exactly equivalent to some number. So it's like saying {lo pixra cu cenba li pimu}. Same problem as {jei}, which is utterly useless because it doesn't work the way we expected it to.". Robin then said that I should point out that {xo kau} and {xu kau} are current fixes (how much and if/whether or not). 

 I had started to look at it under the assumption that {lo ni ce'u ciska} was "the amount of writers" and {lo ni ciska ce'u} was "the amount written" for the sake of the argument. However, we also considered what it would mean to encompass the whole bridi, like {nu} or {du'u}, per Robin's thoughts. However, continuing the first thought, we established that {ni blanu} is a number of blue things, and {ni ka blanu} is the amount of the quality of being blue (the blueness), which is what the CLL defined as {lo ni blanu}. Continuing under this idea, we looked for a way to express 'the amount of flow' and 'the distance gone'. At this point we turned to combining with {nu} to say {ni nu klama} is the distance and {ni nu flecu} was the flow, after considering many other NU. However, this didn't sit well. What is the x1 of {ni}, then? Is it a number? If so, must it be a counting number (i.e. a number of actual things)? Can it be something more general? Is an amount-abstract different from a simple number? We then realised that x2 of ni is the scale upon which it's measured. So my original idea was out, though it might be neat to have a word that -did- work that way. {lo XX la .frank. ciska ce'u} how much frank wrote, perhaps representing a numeric value. *{.i lo (??) la .frank. ciska ce'u vau kei ku xlali le kagni be mi be'o ku vau} "The amount frank has written is bad for my business.". This logic leads to {lo (??) ka blanu} being the same as the CLL example of {lo ni blanu} being "the amount of blueness". 

 

Anyway... 

 

Soooooooo...... {ni} seems to imply {ka}. So why not divorce the two? {lo ni ka ce'u blanu kei kei ku} would be the amount of blueness, or just -how blue- something is. ... and ... I have no clue what it would mean by itself. Perhaps {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is the amount of blue things. 

 

The other option would be to better define it as {x1 is the amount or degree to which ce'u is applicable to [[bridi|bridi]] on scale x2}. For example then, {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is still the degree to which something is blue, but it doesn't seem to have an implied {ka} in there somewhere. So in the case of {lo ni blanu} we're talking about ... luminosity? Contrast? However, there's still that bit about ce'u. So... should it apply to the whole bridi? lo ni la .lindar. blanu ku - The degree to which Lindar is blue? (I'd rate it about a pi'enonononopa as I'm wearing a grey shirt with very short dark navy sleeves.) 

 

So then we can address RLP's concern of flow. {lo ni flecu} is the degree to which something flows. We're measuring how applicable something is to the selbri, and using a particular scale. In the first case we put me up on a scale of colour (I'm really not sure what's used to measure a colour, but you get the point) to talk about lo ni la .lindar. blanu, but now we're talking about how applicable something is to being described as flowing. So in {lo ni la .daniub. flecu} I can only think of either a viscosity rating or litres/second, and flecu doesn't sound like/hint at/have anything to do with viscosity AFAIK. 

 

Finally, let's address the -other- CLL example. {lo ni la .frank. ciska} 

 

Well... crap... that doesn't make any sense without a {ce'u} in there. So how do we read this? Is it measuring the degree to which Frank is a writer? Well, rather than reading this as habitual action, let's just assume we're talking about the present. So what is the degree to which Frank is currently a writer. Well, we'd have to, like the first two examples, measure the output. In the first example, we measured the degree to which I was applicable to blue, or measuring myself on a scale of blue (contrast/luminosity). In the second we measured the degree to which the Danube applied to flowing, or the flow of the Danube, which is litres per second (or kilolitres per minute or whatever one would use to measure a river). Finally, we would measure the degree to which Frank is a writer by measuring on a scale of writing. X letters/words/sentences/paragraphs/pages per second/minute/hour/day/week/month/year. 

 The important thing to note is that the ce'u-less version (wherein x1 is the measure to which the bridi is applicable) seems to be the most useful as it allows to talk about the most number of intended things. {lo ni blanu} is the degree to which something is blue, {lo ni ciska} is the degree to which somebody is a writer. Perhaps I should be specific... Maybe we should be very specific and say that it's the degree to which the x1 is applicable? If we need a version with ce'u, perhaps combine with {ka}? I'm not sure of the utility, so I couldn't rightly say. 

 

So now everybody is in agreement and I've saved Lojban forever. 

 

(You may donate as much money as you like now.) 

=D

 

 

In all seriousness, I like my painless version, but it seems to need stress-testing and wearing in. For example, I'm not exactly sure of the meaning of {lo ni la .frank. ciska xa lo so'e valsi}.

- Lindar ~ <3

==== ce'u ====

Does a place filled with "zo'e" count as filled for the purpose of figuring out the first unfilled place? Does a place filled with "FA ku" count? I say yes and yes. There may be other parts of the language where this is important.

- John Cowan.

[[Category:BPFK Section]]

BPFK Section: Abstractors

2018-05-13T01:51:24Z

Wuzzy: Fix headings

From [[BPFK Section: Grammatical Pro-sumti]], since moved here:

=== du'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''du'u'' ====

;'''du'u''' (NU): abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [[bridi|bridi]] expressed in sentence x2.

==== Examples of ''du'u'' Usage ====

mi djuno lo du'u la'e di'u 

"I knew that." 

 

.i le go'i ku sruma lo du'u pilno la'oi qwerty%%

The former assumes that it's using QWERTY. 

=== ka (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ka'' ====

;'''ka''' (NU): abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''ka'' Usage ====

i lo tixnu be mi ca lo prulamdei cu kelci lo gunka jadni bo karda je jaspu pe mi .i seri'abo mi puze'a na kakne lo nu facki lo ka se diklo kei jy va'o lo nu mi na djuno lo nu go'i .oi u'anai 

My daughter, yesterday, played with my working passport, which made it so I was unable to find it for a while. 

 

.i .ia mutce lo ka milxe lo ka slabu do 

It's not very familiar to you, I believe. 

=== li'i (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''li'i'' ====

;'''li'i''' (NU): abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [[bridi|bridi]] (participant or observer).

==== Examples of ''li'i'' Usage ====

.i lo pluka ko li'i djedi 

"Have a pleasant day." 

 

mi gleki lo li'i penmi do 

"I'm happy that I've met you." 

=== ni (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ni'' ====

;'''ni''' (NU): abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [[bridi|bridi]] measured on scale x2.

==== Examples of ''ni'' Usage ====

mi pu zu sampla fi lo nu mi sanji lo ni cafne fa lo nu mi pinxe lo djacu 

A long time ago I programmed something that was meant to alert me to the frequency of my drinking water. 

==== notes ====

(bad jbo, worse translation, but usage matches up with use suggested in section issues)

=== nu (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''nu'' ====

;'''nu''' (NU): abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''nu'' Usage ====

do na kakne lo nu catra mi 

You're not capable of killing me. 

 

la .lindar. djica lo nu viska lo nu la .timos. dansu 

Lindar wants to see Timo dance. 

=== si'o (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''si'o'' ====

;'''si'o''' (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [[bridi|bridi]].

==== Examples of ''si'o'' Usage ====

lo si'o racli cu na klina sidbo 

The idea of rationality is not a clear idea. 

 

.i lo si'o plixau cu srana lo prenu .i ju lo si'o lo prenu cu plixau cu palci 

The idea of utility is pertinent to people whether or not the idea of people being useful is evil. 

=== su'u (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''su'u'' ====

;'''su'u''' (NU): abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [[bridi|bridi]] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2.

==== Examples of ''su'u'' Usage ====

.i lo su'u go'i cu zmadu lo nu casnu kei lo ka vajni (mild edit) 

That's definitely more important than conversing. 

 

.i .e'o ko sarji lo su'u curmi loinu mi pilno la jbovlaste. noi cnino je xamgu to ki'esai toi 

Could you help me out with using JVS, which is both new and beneficial (thank you!). 

=== jei (NU) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''jei'' ====

;'''jei''' (NU): abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [[bridi|bridi]] under epistemology x2.

==== Examples of ''jei'' Usage ====

le jei rigni cinse cu pabdu'i le jei cinri 

How disgustingly sexual it seems is only fractionally equal to how interesting it is. (2002 usage) 

 

.i mi kucli le jei mi nu'o gasnu le nu binxo 

I'm curious about whether or not I am capable of becoming. 

 

==== Issues ====

Ill-defined. Most examples in corpus are inconsistent in use, but replacement of du'u with jei seems to be one common use. Not sure of the intended meaning.

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/8dbeac4bc3a4e4b4 issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/5c9068270f012d59 more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/7fd85b2ed2d70507 more more issues]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/72736f5a34372ba3 and even more issues]

* [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/cb0ec5a194243570 recommending just to not use it at this point.]

=== ce'u (KOhA8) ===
==== Proposed Definition of ''ce'u'' ====

;'''ce'u''' (KOhA8): Abstraction variable indicator. ''ce'u'' is a pro-sumti (meaning it takes the place of a fully-specified sumti). ''ce'u'' indicates that the place it fills is considered to be a variable place that can be filled by other data. ''ce'u'' makes sense only inside abstraction clauses. In particular, ''ce'u'' is almost solely used in ''ka'', although ''si'o'', ''du'u'' and ''su'u'' clauses can make some sense with ''ce'u''. ''ce'u'' basically means "this abstraction refers to a relationship in which the place(s) marked with ''ce'u'' can be filled as needed", so that ''lo ka ce'u broda'' is "the property of being/doing broda". If a ''ka'' abstraction has no explicit ''ce'u'', the left-most unfilled space is assumed to contain an elided ''ce'u'', unless context strongly suggests that the ''ce'u'' should go in another place, or that there should be more than one. In a ''si'o'' abstraction, all unfilled places are assumed to contain ''ce'u''. In terms of the Lambda calculus, ce'u is both Lambda and a variable, i.e. Lambda(x). Each new ce'u is a new variable. To bind multiple places to the same Lambda variable, use ''ce'u goi ko'a'' or similar and scatter the bound variables as you like. You can also use ''ce'u xi pa xi pa'' to refer to the first ''ce'u'' in the current bridi; increase the second ''pa'' for later ''ce'u'' in the current bridi. You can also use ''ri'' and so on, or ''cy''. In the case of nested abstractions, ''ce'u'' or ''ce'u xi pa'' is a normal, new ''ce'u'' variable, but ''ce'u xi re'' refers to the first ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction, and so on for higher numbers. If there is more than one, use another ''xi'', so that ''ce'u xi re xi ci'' is the third ''ce'u'' in the next outer-most abstraction.

==== Examples of ''ce'u'' Usage ====

la djan. cu zmadu la djordj. le ka ce'u prami mi

''John is greater than George in the property of loving me.''

la alis zenba le ka cfipu ce'u

''Alice increases in the property being confused.''

Confused by some situation unspecified.

ku'i viku le rokci cu na dukse leka ce'u glare

''However, nearby the rock is not excessive in the property of being hot.''

== Section issues. ==

==== ni ====

mi'e .lindar.

 

Here are the 'salient points' of a conversation between myself and Robin regarding {ni}. 

 

I didn't understand {ni} very well. In the example I remember, {lo ni la .frank. ciska}, it took that to mean "the quantity of Frank's writing" whereas in another example {lo ni blanu} is how blue something is. Didn't really make sense, because if we apply the same logic to either one, we get either "the amount of blue things" or "the written-ness of Frank". Robin then expressed that using {ni} to talk about cubic feet per minute of flow with {lo ni flecu} would be much more useful then how I was interpreting it, which was "number of rivers". I had pointed out that it seemed some uses had an implied {ka}, while others did not. 

 Mark had apparently opined on the situation, saying "{lo pixra cu cenba lo ni blanu}, is that it? trouble is, {lo ni blanu} is exactly equivalent to some number. So it's like saying {lo pixra cu cenba li pimu}. Same problem as {jei}, which is utterly useless because it doesn't work the way we expected it to.". Robin then said that I should point out that {xo kau} and {xu kau} are current fixes (how much and if/whether or not). 

 I had started to look at it under the assumption that {lo ni ce'u ciska} was "the amount of writers" and {lo ni ciska ce'u} was "the amount written" for the sake of the argument. However, we also considered what it would mean to encompass the whole bridi, like {nu} or {du'u}, per Robin's thoughts. However, continuing the first thought, we established that {ni blanu} is a number of blue things, and {ni ka blanu} is the amount of the quality of being blue (the blueness), which is what the CLL defined as {lo ni blanu}. Continuing under this idea, we looked for a way to express 'the amount of flow' and 'the distance gone'. At this point we turned to combining with {nu} to say {ni nu klama} is the distance and {ni nu flecu} was the flow, after considering many other NU. However, this didn't sit well. What is the x1 of {ni}, then? Is it a number? If so, must it be a counting number (i.e. a number of actual things)? Can it be something more general? Is an amount-abstract different from a simple number? We then realised that x2 of ni is the scale upon which it's measured. So my original idea was out, though it might be neat to have a word that -did- work that way. {lo XX la .frank. ciska ce'u} how much frank wrote, perhaps representing a numeric value. *{.i lo (??) la .frank. ciska ce'u vau kei ku xlali le kagni be mi be'o ku vau} "The amount frank has written is bad for my business.". This logic leads to {lo (??) ka blanu} being the same as the CLL example of {lo ni blanu} being "the amount of blueness". 

 

Anyway... 

 

Soooooooo...... {ni} seems to imply {ka}. So why not divorce the two? {lo ni ka ce'u blanu kei kei ku} would be the amount of blueness, or just -how blue- something is. ... and ... I have no clue what it would mean by itself. Perhaps {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is the amount of blue things. 

 

The other option would be to better define it as {x1 is the amount or degree to which ce'u is applicable to [[bridi|bridi]] on scale x2}. For example then, {lo ni ce'u blanu kei ku} is still the degree to which something is blue, but it doesn't seem to have an implied {ka} in there somewhere. So in the case of {lo ni blanu} we're talking about ... luminosity? Contrast? However, there's still that bit about ce'u. So... should it apply to the whole bridi? lo ni la .lindar. blanu ku - The degree to which Lindar is blue? (I'd rate it about a pi'enonononopa as I'm wearing a grey shirt with very short dark navy sleeves.) 

 

So then we can address RLP's concern of flow. {lo ni flecu} is the degree to which something flows. We're measuring how applicable something is to the selbri, and using a particular scale. In the first case we put me up on a scale of colour (I'm really not sure what's used to measure a colour, but you get the point) to talk about lo ni la .lindar. blanu, but now we're talking about how applicable something is to being described as flowing. So in {lo ni la .daniub. flecu} I can only think of either a viscosity rating or litres/second, and flecu doesn't sound like/hint at/have anything to do with viscosity AFAIK. 

 

Finally, let's address the -other- CLL example. {lo ni la .frank. ciska} 

 

Well... crap... that doesn't make any sense without a {ce'u} in there. So how do we read this? Is it measuring the degree to which Frank is a writer? Well, rather than reading this as habitual action, let's just assume we're talking about the present. So what is the degree to which Frank is currently a writer. Well, we'd have to, like the first two examples, measure the output. In the first example, we measured the degree to which I was applicable to blue, or measuring myself on a scale of blue (contrast/luminosity). In the second we measured the degree to which the Danube applied to flowing, or the flow of the Danube, which is litres per second (or kilolitres per minute or whatever one would use to measure a river). Finally, we would measure the degree to which Frank is a writer by measuring on a scale of writing. X letters/words/sentences/paragraphs/pages per second/minute/hour/day/week/month/year. 

 The important thing to note is that the ce'u-less version (wherein x1 is the measure to which the bridi is applicable) seems to be the most useful as it allows to talk about the most number of intended things. {lo ni blanu} is the degree to which something is blue, {lo ni ciska} is the degree to which somebody is a writer. Perhaps I should be specific... Maybe we should be very specific and say that it's the degree to which the x1 is applicable? If we need a version with ce'u, perhaps combine with {ka}? I'm not sure of the utility, so I couldn't rightly say. 

 

So now everybody is in agreement and I've saved Lojban forever. 

 

(You may donate as much money as you like now.) 

=D

 

 

In all seriousness, I like my painless version, but it seems to need stress-testing and wearing in. For example, I'm not exactly sure of the meaning of {lo ni la .frank. ciska xa lo so'e valsi}.

- Lindar ~ <3

==== ce'u ====

Does a place filled with "zo'e" count as filled for the purpose of figuring out the first unfilled place? Does a place filled with "FA ku" count? I say yes and yes. There may be other parts of the language where this is important.

- John Cowan.

[[Category:BPFK Section]]

keyboard key names

2018-05-11T17:01:06Z

Wuzzy: update rediect

#REDIRECT [[List of ASCII letterals]]

Lojbanic Software

2018-05-11T12:26:32Z

Wuzzy: /* Games */ rewording

__NOTOC__
Runs on: [[File:828.sip|link=]] - Android, [[File:804.sip|link=]] - iPhone, [[File:831.sip|link=]] - Linux, [[File:830.sip|link=]] - Mac, [[File:829.sip|link=]] - Windows, [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] - in browser or universally.
== Learning Lojban ==
=== Sounds of Lojban ===
*[http://mw.lojban.org/images/b/b1/Lojban_interactive.swf A tiny application] by [[Matt Arnold]] showing how Lojbanic letters sound
=== Flashcard Programs ===
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] Memrise - [http://memrise.com/ Memrise] (main page). [[MemriseConventions]]
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] [[File:804.sip|link=]] [http://ichi2.net/anki/index.html Anki] is a free and open source program for "spaced repetition", an effective learning technique. It has a built in system for sharing "decks" where you can get Lojban word lists for training: File / Download / Shared Deck, search for "lojban". If this fails for some reason, you can also download and open the deck manually:
** from https://ankiweb.net/shared/decks/Lojban
** or from this wiki: [[gismu-frequency.anki|for lo gismu (core verbs]], [[Lojban - cmavo.anki|for lo cmavo (particles)]]), [[lojban-namcu-cmavo.anki|for basic numbers]]. Anki also has a [https://ankiweb.net/ web-interface] that can be synchronized with a local deck.
*[http://quizlet.com/ Quizlet], an online flashcard app. Register and join the Lojban group; downloadable from Quizard on iPod/iPhone and from Kaka Flashcards on Android devices.

== Dictionaries ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [https://lojban.herokuapp.com/ Lai sutysisku] and [[La Muplis]]

*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://vlasisku.lojban.org/ vlasisku] is an easy-to-use online Lojban <-> English dictionary. It is a convenient way to browse and search the definitions from the jbovlaste database.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] The official Lojban live dictionary project [http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/ jbovlaste] contains complete or near-complete dictionaries for Russian, Spanish, Esperanto, and English, and the Lojban-in-Lojban dictionary is progressing rapidly.
:*As provisional measures against a bug of jbovlaste, Kepeken created [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban/xKynF3TbDL8/b4KnLJjYCQAJ a bookmarklet for taking back non-ASCII search results on jbovlaste].
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] A [[GoldenDict]] distribution for Lojban has numerous dictionaries suitable for everyone. The best offline choice.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] [http://fricukt.tiddlyspot.com/ fricukt] supports any operating system where Chrome, Firefox, Opera or Safari browser can run on. The list of supported devices includes iPads, most Android devices and Chromebooks. Download the app (which is in fact just a sophisticated web-page) using corresponding link there or use it online. Touchscreen-friendly. Also contains some useful tables of cmavo etc.
*[[File:828.sip|link=]] [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=iocikun.juj.lojban.dictionary lojban dictionary]| An android app by Yoshikuni Jujo for quick word lookup.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] [http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/stardict.html lojban dictionaries in Stardict format] created from [http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/export/xml.html xml dumps of jbovlaste]. Several languages are available. View them with [http://goldendict.org/ GoldenDict], [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/taptionary/id590381520?mt=8 Taptionary], [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dictionary-universal/id312088272?mt=8 Dictionary Universal] and so on.
*[http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/vlaste.html lojban dictionary for Kindle] in mobi format created from [http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/export/xml.html xml dumps of jbovlaste]. Mainly in Japanese.
* [http://iuk.hateblo.jp/entry/2016/12/18/010000 ZpDIC for ponjo jbopre] (explained in Japanese). Lojban dictionary for ZpDIC.

== Keyboards ==
*[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.klye.ime.latin Multiling Keyboard] Multiling keyboard is an extremely customizable multilingual keyboard for Android which features a lojban plugin for text prediction. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=klye.plugin.lj|Lojban Plugin]
*[[Lojban keyboard for Mac|A Lojbanic Dvorak Keyboard Layout]] (with ‘ and h swapped) for Macbook Pro

== Glossers ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/glosser/glosser.htm Glosser] as a part of [[la ilmentufa]] project

== Lujvo analysers ==
:* [http://jwodder.freeshell.org/lojban/jvozba.cgi?lujvo= jvozba] created by kamymecraijun
:* [https://sozysozbot.github.io/sozysozbot_jvozba/sozysozbot_jvozba.html jvozba] Implementation of jvozba in JavaScript; created by sozysozbot

== Syntactic Parsers ==
=== Based on the official grammar ===
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes.html ilmentufa (official grammar)] - [[User:Ilmen|Ilmen]]'s parser using [http://mhagiwara.github.io/camxes.js/ Masato Hagiwara's camxes.js].
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] The [[Official Parser|Official Parser]]
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] [https://github.com/baban/genturfahi la baban's Frontend of Official Parser]
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] (Java) [[camxes|camxes]]
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://www.lojban.org/jboski www.lojban.org/jboski] - A web-based version of of [[Richard Curnow|Richard Curnow]]'s [[jbofihe|jbofihe]]; acts as a Lojban to English translator. Made by [[Raphal Poss|Raphal Poss]].
* [[OpenCog's parser]]

=== Based on experimental grammars ===
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [[zantufa]]: "zabna" parsers based on experimental grammars with clear versioning (suitable for use of [[jo'au]]), with many variations for various existing Lojban texts conforming to a previous official grammar (with [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|CgV]]) like ''[[la .teris. po'u lo tirxu cu vitke zi'o le barda tcadu]]'' (suitable parser variation: [http://guskant.github.io/gerna_cipra/maltufa-1.1.html maltufa]), as well as those conforming to unofficial grammars like ''[[la .teris. ku noi tigra cu stuvi'e lo barda tcadu]]'' (suitable parser variation: [http://guskant.github.io/gerna_cipra/zantufa-1.1.html zantufa]), ''[http://selpahi.de/oz.html lo se mànci te màkfa pe la .oz.]'' (suitable parser variation: [[maftufa]]), ''[http://danmo-rozgu.github.io/kacatraloverba.html ka càtra lo vèrba]'' (suitable parser variation: [http://guskant.github.io/gerna_cipra/zantufa-1.1-cekitaujoibu.html zantufa cekitaujoibus]), etc.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [https://skami2.iocikun.jp/lojban/zasniGerna iocixes (dead link)]: Created by la.iocikun. based on [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/zasni+gerna zasni gerna] with [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/MEX+grammar+proposal MEX grammar proposal] of la xorxes. ([https://skami2.iocikun.jp/lojban/zasniGernaPeg zasni gerna peg (dead link)])
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.html ilmentufa (experimental grammar)]: [[User:Ilmen|Ilmen]]'s parser modified by some people with plenty of experimental propositions. ([http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.js.peg ilmentufa's peg])
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/glosser/glosser.htm Another frontend of ilmentufa]: Created by la.uilym. based on [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.html ilmentufa]. It is not necessarily based on the latest version of [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.js.peg ilmentufa's peg].

== Semantic Parsers ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [[la tersmu]] by Martin Bays. It translates lojban text to a predicate logic.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/cakyrespa la cakyrespa] by Yoshikuni Jujo. Run turtle like LOGO with lojban.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/lojysamban la lojysamban] by Yoshikuni Jujo. Prolog with lojban.

== Word lists ==
* [http://arj.nvg.org/lojban/lojban-ispell-hashfile.html ispell data files] - Data files to allow Lojban spell checking with ispell
* [http://www.tomeraider.com Tomeraider] files containing the [[gismu|gismu]] list (English and Lojban ordering), the [[cmavo|cmavo]] list ([[cmavo|cmavo]] and [[selma'o|selma'o]] ordering), the [[rafsi|rafsi]] list and the [[BNF|BNF]] grammar, for [http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/dist/lojban.tr.zip PC] and [http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/dist/lojban.pdb.zip Palm Pilot]
* [[A simple perl script for grepping the word lists with colorized output|A simple perl script for grepping the word lists with colorized output]] by [[Jordan DeLong|Jordan DeLong]]
* [https://skami.iocikun.jp/lojban/valsi_tables.html|gismu list and cmavo list in each language available on the jbovlaste including experimental words and cmavo clusters] created by Yoshikuni Jujo from the jbovlaste database.
* [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/ircbot/dumps/ PDFs and viewable in browser XML latest versions of dictionaries]

== Games ==
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.rickadams.org/adventure/ Colossal Cave]. First, the text of this game was translated by [[User:Nick Nicholas|Nick Nicholas]] in 1991. [[User:Robin Lee Powell|Robin Lee Powell]] has heroically translated that translation into a working game - see [[Colossal Cave|Colossal Cave]] for that, and also for the Inform Localisation files needed to create your own Lojbanic IF.
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.colourbind.com/ Colour Bind] is a physics platform-puzzler set in an abstract world where gravity is determined not by mass, but by colour. It features a full Lojban translation by Lindar. The game is available on [http://store.steampowered.com/app/208710/ Steam].
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.minecraft.net/ Minecraft] is a creative exploration game where you pick and place blocks to build worlds. A large group of contributors have created a community translation of Minecraft, which is included in Minecraft 1.9+. Unfortunately, it needs further translation on [http://crowdin.net/project/minecraft Minecraft's public translation website] in order for it to be complete.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.voxelands.com/ Voxelands] is yet another creative exploration game and comes with an official translation, although it might not be perfect yet. Everyone is welcome to improve it on [https://www.transifex.com/voxelands/voxelands/language/jbo/].
* [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=http://blankmediagames.com/TownOfSalem/]] [[File:828.sip|link=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.blankmediagames.townofsalem]] [http://blankmediagames.com/TownOfSalem/ Town of Salem] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player#Desktop_platforms Flash]) is an online version of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafia_(party_game) Mafia] party game; itself is only available in English and in Turkish. However, private party groups can be formed in order to communicate in the language players have agreed upon. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.blankmediagames.townofsalem The Android version] is currently only available for tablets. Town of Salem related stuff is being translated in [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Mlbf9nHkG5TtEZs1tl5aRVQoukvnD8CXAImwraFxxq4/edit?usp=sharing this public Google Spreadsheet] and occasionally check out [https://www.facebook.com/groups/lojban/search/?query=mafia the Lojban Facebook group] for any proposed private games.

== Editing ==
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] A [http://mbays.freeshell.org/lojban.vim vim filetype plugin] for convenient word-list lookup, auto-lujvoification, and other useful things.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?LojbanMode Lojban-mode] syntax highlighting and other support code for emacs
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [http://gitorious.org/jbotci jbofacki] is a jbofihe/camxes CLI shell with Tab-completion of valsi and rafsi, colorized word lookups by literal name or string, etc. Intended for increased fun in exploring the construction of Lojban texts/sentences; also useful as a aid to memory (mi'e la kampu). Requires Python 2.5+, and currently also [http://github.com/dag/m makfa-cli] for generation + update of dictionary data.

== Machine translation ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://lojban.lilyx.net/zmifanva/ zmifanva] created by [http://masatohagiwara.net/ Masato Hagiwara], Lojban ↔ English Machine Translation Engine based on phrase-based statistical machine translation.
** [https://github.com/youxkei/lojbo-tuhitsku lojbo-tuhitsku] created by youxkei. It obtains tweets, translates them into Lojban and tweets them. It calls Microsoft Translator for translation from Japanese to English, and zmifanva for English to Lojban.

== Other ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=014107847567658722055%3A3enx_7t3upo Google custom search engine for Lojban resources]
* [[morphology: analysis programs comparison|Morphology analysis programs comparison]]
Other software can be seen on the [[Talk:Lojbanic Software|talk page]].

[[Category:vlaste saske]]

Lojbanic Software

2018-05-11T12:21:42Z

Wuzzy: /* Games */ Formatting for better readability

__NOTOC__
Runs on: [[File:828.sip|link=]] - Android, [[File:804.sip|link=]] - iPhone, [[File:831.sip|link=]] - Linux, [[File:830.sip|link=]] - Mac, [[File:829.sip|link=]] - Windows, [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] - in browser or universally.
== Learning Lojban ==
=== Sounds of Lojban ===
*[http://mw.lojban.org/images/b/b1/Lojban_interactive.swf A tiny application] by [[Matt Arnold]] showing how Lojbanic letters sound
=== Flashcard Programs ===
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] Memrise - [http://memrise.com/ Memrise] (main page). [[MemriseConventions]]
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] [[File:804.sip|link=]] [http://ichi2.net/anki/index.html Anki] is a free and open source program for "spaced repetition", an effective learning technique. It has a built in system for sharing "decks" where you can get Lojban word lists for training: File / Download / Shared Deck, search for "lojban". If this fails for some reason, you can also download and open the deck manually:
** from https://ankiweb.net/shared/decks/Lojban
** or from this wiki: [[gismu-frequency.anki|for lo gismu (core verbs]], [[Lojban - cmavo.anki|for lo cmavo (particles)]]), [[lojban-namcu-cmavo.anki|for basic numbers]]. Anki also has a [https://ankiweb.net/ web-interface] that can be synchronized with a local deck.
*[http://quizlet.com/ Quizlet], an online flashcard app. Register and join the Lojban group; downloadable from Quizard on iPod/iPhone and from Kaka Flashcards on Android devices.

== Dictionaries ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [https://lojban.herokuapp.com/ Lai sutysisku] and [[La Muplis]]

*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://vlasisku.lojban.org/ vlasisku] is an easy-to-use online Lojban <-> English dictionary. It is a convenient way to browse and search the definitions from the jbovlaste database.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] The official Lojban live dictionary project [http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/ jbovlaste] contains complete or near-complete dictionaries for Russian, Spanish, Esperanto, and English, and the Lojban-in-Lojban dictionary is progressing rapidly.
:*As provisional measures against a bug of jbovlaste, Kepeken created [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban/xKynF3TbDL8/b4KnLJjYCQAJ a bookmarklet for taking back non-ASCII search results on jbovlaste].
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] A [[GoldenDict]] distribution for Lojban has numerous dictionaries suitable for everyone. The best offline choice.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] [http://fricukt.tiddlyspot.com/ fricukt] supports any operating system where Chrome, Firefox, Opera or Safari browser can run on. The list of supported devices includes iPads, most Android devices and Chromebooks. Download the app (which is in fact just a sophisticated web-page) using corresponding link there or use it online. Touchscreen-friendly. Also contains some useful tables of cmavo etc.
*[[File:828.sip|link=]] [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=iocikun.juj.lojban.dictionary lojban dictionary]| An android app by Yoshikuni Jujo for quick word lookup.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] [http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/stardict.html lojban dictionaries in Stardict format] created from [http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/export/xml.html xml dumps of jbovlaste]. Several languages are available. View them with [http://goldendict.org/ GoldenDict], [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/taptionary/id590381520?mt=8 Taptionary], [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dictionary-universal/id312088272?mt=8 Dictionary Universal] and so on.
*[http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/vlaste.html lojban dictionary for Kindle] in mobi format created from [http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/export/xml.html xml dumps of jbovlaste]. Mainly in Japanese.
* [http://iuk.hateblo.jp/entry/2016/12/18/010000 ZpDIC for ponjo jbopre] (explained in Japanese). Lojban dictionary for ZpDIC.

== Keyboards ==
*[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.klye.ime.latin Multiling Keyboard] Multiling keyboard is an extremely customizable multilingual keyboard for Android which features a lojban plugin for text prediction. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=klye.plugin.lj|Lojban Plugin]
*[[Lojban keyboard for Mac|A Lojbanic Dvorak Keyboard Layout]] (with ‘ and h swapped) for Macbook Pro

== Glossers ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/glosser/glosser.htm Glosser] as a part of [[la ilmentufa]] project

== Lujvo analysers ==
:* [http://jwodder.freeshell.org/lojban/jvozba.cgi?lujvo= jvozba] created by kamymecraijun
:* [https://sozysozbot.github.io/sozysozbot_jvozba/sozysozbot_jvozba.html jvozba] Implementation of jvozba in JavaScript; created by sozysozbot

== Syntactic Parsers ==
=== Based on the official grammar ===
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes.html ilmentufa (official grammar)] - [[User:Ilmen|Ilmen]]'s parser using [http://mhagiwara.github.io/camxes.js/ Masato Hagiwara's camxes.js].
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] The [[Official Parser|Official Parser]]
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] [https://github.com/baban/genturfahi la baban's Frontend of Official Parser]
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] (Java) [[camxes|camxes]]
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://www.lojban.org/jboski www.lojban.org/jboski] - A web-based version of of [[Richard Curnow|Richard Curnow]]'s [[jbofihe|jbofihe]]; acts as a Lojban to English translator. Made by [[Raphal Poss|Raphal Poss]].
* [[OpenCog's parser]]

=== Based on experimental grammars ===
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [[zantufa]]: "zabna" parsers based on experimental grammars with clear versioning (suitable for use of [[jo'au]]), with many variations for various existing Lojban texts conforming to a previous official grammar (with [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|CgV]]) like ''[[la .teris. po'u lo tirxu cu vitke zi'o le barda tcadu]]'' (suitable parser variation: [http://guskant.github.io/gerna_cipra/maltufa-1.1.html maltufa]), as well as those conforming to unofficial grammars like ''[[la .teris. ku noi tigra cu stuvi'e lo barda tcadu]]'' (suitable parser variation: [http://guskant.github.io/gerna_cipra/zantufa-1.1.html zantufa]), ''[http://selpahi.de/oz.html lo se mànci te màkfa pe la .oz.]'' (suitable parser variation: [[maftufa]]), ''[http://danmo-rozgu.github.io/kacatraloverba.html ka càtra lo vèrba]'' (suitable parser variation: [http://guskant.github.io/gerna_cipra/zantufa-1.1-cekitaujoibu.html zantufa cekitaujoibus]), etc.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [https://skami2.iocikun.jp/lojban/zasniGerna iocixes (dead link)]: Created by la.iocikun. based on [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/zasni+gerna zasni gerna] with [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/MEX+grammar+proposal MEX grammar proposal] of la xorxes. ([https://skami2.iocikun.jp/lojban/zasniGernaPeg zasni gerna peg (dead link)])
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.html ilmentufa (experimental grammar)]: [[User:Ilmen|Ilmen]]'s parser modified by some people with plenty of experimental propositions. ([http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.js.peg ilmentufa's peg])
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/glosser/glosser.htm Another frontend of ilmentufa]: Created by la.uilym. based on [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.html ilmentufa]. It is not necessarily based on the latest version of [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.js.peg ilmentufa's peg].

== Semantic Parsers ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [[la tersmu]] by Martin Bays. It translates lojban text to a predicate logic.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/cakyrespa la cakyrespa] by Yoshikuni Jujo. Run turtle like LOGO with lojban.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/lojysamban la lojysamban] by Yoshikuni Jujo. Prolog with lojban.

== Word lists ==
* [http://arj.nvg.org/lojban/lojban-ispell-hashfile.html ispell data files] - Data files to allow Lojban spell checking with ispell
* [http://www.tomeraider.com Tomeraider] files containing the [[gismu|gismu]] list (English and Lojban ordering), the [[cmavo|cmavo]] list ([[cmavo|cmavo]] and [[selma'o|selma'o]] ordering), the [[rafsi|rafsi]] list and the [[BNF|BNF]] grammar, for [http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/dist/lojban.tr.zip PC] and [http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/dist/lojban.pdb.zip Palm Pilot]
* [[A simple perl script for grepping the word lists with colorized output|A simple perl script for grepping the word lists with colorized output]] by [[Jordan DeLong|Jordan DeLong]]
* [https://skami.iocikun.jp/lojban/valsi_tables.html|gismu list and cmavo list in each language available on the jbovlaste including experimental words and cmavo clusters] created by Yoshikuni Jujo from the jbovlaste database.
* [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/ircbot/dumps/ PDFs and viewable in browser XML latest versions of dictionaries]

== Games ==
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.rickadams.org/adventure/ Colossal Cave]. First, the text of this game was translated by [[User:Nick Nicholas|Nick Nicholas]] in 1991. [[User:Robin Lee Powell|Robin Lee Powell]] has heroically translated that translation into a working game - see [[Colossal Cave|Colossal Cave]] for that, and also for the Inform Localisation files needed to create your own Lojbanic IF.
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.colourbind.com/ Colour Bind] is a physics platform-puzzler set in an abstract world where gravity is determined not by mass, but by colour. It features a full Lojban translation by Lindar. The game is available on [http://store.steampowered.com/app/208710/ Steam].
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.minecraft.net/ Minecraft] is a creative exploration game where you pick and place blocks to build worlds. A large group of contributors have created a community translation of Minecraft, which is included in Minecraft 1.9+. Unfortunately, it needs further translation on [http://crowdin.net/project/minecraft Minecraft's public translation website] in order for it to be complete.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.voxelands.com/ Voxelands] is yet another creative exploration game and comes with an official translation, although it might not be perfect yet. Everyone is welcome to improve it on [https://www.transifex.com/voxelands/voxelands/language/jbo/].
* [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=http://blankmediagames.com/TownOfSalem/]] [[File:828.sip|link=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.blankmediagames.townofsalem]] [http://blankmediagames.com/TownOfSalem/ Town of Salem] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player#Desktop_platforms Flash]) is an online version of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafia_(party_game) Mafia] party game that is only available in English and in Turkish. However, private party groups can be formed in order to communicate in the language players have agreed upon. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.blankmediagames.townofsalem The Android version] is currently only available for tablets. Town of Salem related stuff is being translated in [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Mlbf9nHkG5TtEZs1tl5aRVQoukvnD8CXAImwraFxxq4/edit?usp=sharing this public Google Spreadsheet] and occasionally check out [https://www.facebook.com/groups/lojban/search/?query=mafia the Lojban Facebook group] for any proposed private games.

== Editing ==
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] A [http://mbays.freeshell.org/lojban.vim vim filetype plugin] for convenient word-list lookup, auto-lujvoification, and other useful things.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?LojbanMode Lojban-mode] syntax highlighting and other support code for emacs
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [http://gitorious.org/jbotci jbofacki] is a jbofihe/camxes CLI shell with Tab-completion of valsi and rafsi, colorized word lookups by literal name or string, etc. Intended for increased fun in exploring the construction of Lojban texts/sentences; also useful as a aid to memory (mi'e la kampu). Requires Python 2.5+, and currently also [http://github.com/dag/m makfa-cli] for generation + update of dictionary data.

== Machine translation ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://lojban.lilyx.net/zmifanva/ zmifanva] created by [http://masatohagiwara.net/ Masato Hagiwara], Lojban ↔ English Machine Translation Engine based on phrase-based statistical machine translation.
** [https://github.com/youxkei/lojbo-tuhitsku lojbo-tuhitsku] created by youxkei. It obtains tweets, translates them into Lojban and tweets them. It calls Microsoft Translator for translation from Japanese to English, and zmifanva for English to Lojban.

== Other ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=014107847567658722055%3A3enx_7t3upo Google custom search engine for Lojban resources]
* [[morphology: analysis programs comparison|Morphology analysis programs comparison]]
Other software can be seen on the [[Talk:Lojbanic Software|talk page]].

[[Category:vlaste saske]]

Lojbanic Software

2018-05-11T12:19:15Z

Wuzzy: /* Games */ Add Voxelands

__NOTOC__
Runs on: [[File:828.sip|link=]] - Android, [[File:804.sip|link=]] - iPhone, [[File:831.sip|link=]] - Linux, [[File:830.sip|link=]] - Mac, [[File:829.sip|link=]] - Windows, [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] - in browser or universally.
== Learning Lojban ==
=== Sounds of Lojban ===
*[http://mw.lojban.org/images/b/b1/Lojban_interactive.swf A tiny application] by [[Matt Arnold]] showing how Lojbanic letters sound
=== Flashcard Programs ===
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] Memrise - [http://memrise.com/ Memrise] (main page). [[MemriseConventions]]
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] [[File:804.sip|link=]] [http://ichi2.net/anki/index.html Anki] is a free and open source program for "spaced repetition", an effective learning technique. It has a built in system for sharing "decks" where you can get Lojban word lists for training: File / Download / Shared Deck, search for "lojban". If this fails for some reason, you can also download and open the deck manually:
** from https://ankiweb.net/shared/decks/Lojban
** or from this wiki: [[gismu-frequency.anki|for lo gismu (core verbs]], [[Lojban - cmavo.anki|for lo cmavo (particles)]]), [[lojban-namcu-cmavo.anki|for basic numbers]]. Anki also has a [https://ankiweb.net/ web-interface] that can be synchronized with a local deck.
*[http://quizlet.com/ Quizlet], an online flashcard app. Register and join the Lojban group; downloadable from Quizard on iPod/iPhone and from Kaka Flashcards on Android devices.

== Dictionaries ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [https://lojban.herokuapp.com/ Lai sutysisku] and [[La Muplis]]

*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://vlasisku.lojban.org/ vlasisku] is an easy-to-use online Lojban <-> English dictionary. It is a convenient way to browse and search the definitions from the jbovlaste database.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] The official Lojban live dictionary project [http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/ jbovlaste] contains complete or near-complete dictionaries for Russian, Spanish, Esperanto, and English, and the Lojban-in-Lojban dictionary is progressing rapidly.
:*As provisional measures against a bug of jbovlaste, Kepeken created [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban/xKynF3TbDL8/b4KnLJjYCQAJ a bookmarklet for taking back non-ASCII search results on jbovlaste].
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] A [[GoldenDict]] distribution for Lojban has numerous dictionaries suitable for everyone. The best offline choice.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] [http://fricukt.tiddlyspot.com/ fricukt] supports any operating system where Chrome, Firefox, Opera or Safari browser can run on. The list of supported devices includes iPads, most Android devices and Chromebooks. Download the app (which is in fact just a sophisticated web-page) using corresponding link there or use it online. Touchscreen-friendly. Also contains some useful tables of cmavo etc.
*[[File:828.sip|link=]] [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=iocikun.juj.lojban.dictionary lojban dictionary]| An android app by Yoshikuni Jujo for quick word lookup.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:828.sip|link=]] [http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/stardict.html lojban dictionaries in Stardict format] created from [http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/export/xml.html xml dumps of jbovlaste]. Several languages are available. View them with [http://goldendict.org/ GoldenDict], [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/taptionary/id590381520?mt=8 Taptionary], [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dictionary-universal/id312088272?mt=8 Dictionary Universal] and so on.
*[http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/vlaste.html lojban dictionary for Kindle] in mobi format created from [http://jbovlaste.lojban.org/export/xml.html xml dumps of jbovlaste]. Mainly in Japanese.
* [http://iuk.hateblo.jp/entry/2016/12/18/010000 ZpDIC for ponjo jbopre] (explained in Japanese). Lojban dictionary for ZpDIC.

== Keyboards ==
*[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.klye.ime.latin Multiling Keyboard] Multiling keyboard is an extremely customizable multilingual keyboard for Android which features a lojban plugin for text prediction. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=klye.plugin.lj|Lojban Plugin]
*[[Lojban keyboard for Mac|A Lojbanic Dvorak Keyboard Layout]] (with ‘ and h swapped) for Macbook Pro

== Glossers ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/glosser/glosser.htm Glosser] as a part of [[la ilmentufa]] project

== Lujvo analysers ==
:* [http://jwodder.freeshell.org/lojban/jvozba.cgi?lujvo= jvozba] created by kamymecraijun
:* [https://sozysozbot.github.io/sozysozbot_jvozba/sozysozbot_jvozba.html jvozba] Implementation of jvozba in JavaScript; created by sozysozbot

== Syntactic Parsers ==
=== Based on the official grammar ===
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes.html ilmentufa (official grammar)] - [[User:Ilmen|Ilmen]]'s parser using [http://mhagiwara.github.io/camxes.js/ Masato Hagiwara's camxes.js].
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] The [[Official Parser|Official Parser]]
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] [https://github.com/baban/genturfahi la baban's Frontend of Official Parser]
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] (Java) [[camxes|camxes]]
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://www.lojban.org/jboski www.lojban.org/jboski] - A web-based version of of [[Richard Curnow|Richard Curnow]]'s [[jbofihe|jbofihe]]; acts as a Lojban to English translator. Made by [[Raphal Poss|Raphal Poss]].
* [[OpenCog's parser]]

=== Based on experimental grammars ===
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [[zantufa]]: "zabna" parsers based on experimental grammars with clear versioning (suitable for use of [[jo'au]]), with many variations for various existing Lojban texts conforming to a previous official grammar (with [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|CgV]]) like ''[[la .teris. po'u lo tirxu cu vitke zi'o le barda tcadu]]'' (suitable parser variation: [http://guskant.github.io/gerna_cipra/maltufa-1.1.html maltufa]), as well as those conforming to unofficial grammars like ''[[la .teris. ku noi tigra cu stuvi'e lo barda tcadu]]'' (suitable parser variation: [http://guskant.github.io/gerna_cipra/zantufa-1.1.html zantufa]), ''[http://selpahi.de/oz.html lo se mànci te màkfa pe la .oz.]'' (suitable parser variation: [[maftufa]]), ''[http://danmo-rozgu.github.io/kacatraloverba.html ka càtra lo vèrba]'' (suitable parser variation: [http://guskant.github.io/gerna_cipra/zantufa-1.1-cekitaujoibu.html zantufa cekitaujoibus]), etc.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [https://skami2.iocikun.jp/lojban/zasniGerna iocixes (dead link)]: Created by la.iocikun. based on [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/zasni+gerna zasni gerna] with [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/MEX+grammar+proposal MEX grammar proposal] of la xorxes. ([https://skami2.iocikun.jp/lojban/zasniGernaPeg zasni gerna peg (dead link)])
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.html ilmentufa (experimental grammar)]: [[User:Ilmen|Ilmen]]'s parser modified by some people with plenty of experimental propositions. ([http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.js.peg ilmentufa's peg])
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (JavaScript) [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/glosser/glosser.htm Another frontend of ilmentufa]: Created by la.uilym. based on [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.html ilmentufa]. It is not necessarily based on the latest version of [http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes-exp.js.peg ilmentufa's peg].

== Semantic Parsers ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [[la tersmu]] by Martin Bays. It translates lojban text to a predicate logic.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/cakyrespa la cakyrespa] by Yoshikuni Jujo. Run turtle like LOGO with lojban.
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] (Haskell) [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/lojysamban la lojysamban] by Yoshikuni Jujo. Prolog with lojban.

== Word lists ==
* [http://arj.nvg.org/lojban/lojban-ispell-hashfile.html ispell data files] - Data files to allow Lojban spell checking with ispell
* [http://www.tomeraider.com Tomeraider] files containing the [[gismu|gismu]] list (English and Lojban ordering), the [[cmavo|cmavo]] list ([[cmavo|cmavo]] and [[selma'o|selma'o]] ordering), the [[rafsi|rafsi]] list and the [[BNF|BNF]] grammar, for [http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/dist/lojban.tr.zip PC] and [http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/dist/lojban.pdb.zip Palm Pilot]
* [[A simple perl script for grepping the word lists with colorized output|A simple perl script for grepping the word lists with colorized output]] by [[Jordan DeLong|Jordan DeLong]]
* [https://skami.iocikun.jp/lojban/valsi_tables.html|gismu list and cmavo list in each language available on the jbovlaste including experimental words and cmavo clusters] created by Yoshikuni Jujo from the jbovlaste database.
* [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/ircbot/dumps/ PDFs and viewable in browser XML latest versions of dictionaries]

== Games ==
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [[User:Nick Nicholas|Nick Nicholas]] translated the text of ''[http://www.rickadams.org/adventure/ Colossal Cave]'' in 1991. [[User:Robin Lee Powell|Robin Lee Powell]] has heroically translated that translation into a working game - see [[Colossal Cave|Colossal Cave]] for that, and also for the Inform Localisation files needed to create your own Lojbanic IF.
*[[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.colourbind.com/ Colour Bind] is a physics platform-puzzler set in an abstract world where gravity is determined not by mass, but by colour. It features a full Lojban translation by Lindar. The game is available on [http://store.steampowered.com/app/208710/ Steam].
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.minecraft.net/ Minecraft] is a creative exploration game where you pick and place blocks to build worlds. A large group of contributors have created a community translation of Minecraft, which is included in Minecraft 1.9+. Unfortunately, it needs further translation on [http://crowdin.net/project/minecraft Minecraft's public translation website] in order for it to be complete.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [[File:830.sip|link=]] [[File:829.sip|link=]] [http://www.voxelands.com/ Voxelands] is yet another creative exploration game and comes with an official translation, although it might not be perfect yet. Everyone is welcome to improve it on [https://www.transifex.com/voxelands/voxelands/language/jbo/].
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafia_(party_game) Mafia] is not a software, but a party game requires heavy communication between multiple players. It can be played locally and on the Internet. However, there is software able to take over the role of the host among other things:
** [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=http://blankmediagames.com/TownOfSalem/]] [[File:828.sip|link=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.blankmediagames.townofsalem]] [http://blankmediagames.com/TownOfSalem/ Town of Salem] ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player#Desktop_platforms Flash]) is an online version of the game that is only available in English and in Turkish. However, private party groups can be formed in order to communicate in the language players have agreed upon. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.blankmediagames.townofsalem The Android version] is currently only available for tablets. Town of Salem related stuff is being translated in [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Mlbf9nHkG5TtEZs1tl5aRVQoukvnD8CXAImwraFxxq4/edit?usp=sharing this public Google Spreadsheet] and occasionally check out [https://www.facebook.com/groups/lojban/search/?query=mafia the Lojban Facebook group] for any proposed private games.

== Editing ==
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] A [http://mbays.freeshell.org/lojban.vim vim filetype plugin] for convenient word-list lookup, auto-lujvoification, and other useful things.
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?LojbanMode Lojban-mode] syntax highlighting and other support code for emacs
*[[File:831.sip|link=]] [http://gitorious.org/jbotci jbofacki] is a jbofihe/camxes CLI shell with Tab-completion of valsi and rafsi, colorized word lookups by literal name or string, etc. Intended for increased fun in exploring the construction of Lojban texts/sentences; also useful as a aid to memory (mi'e la kampu). Requires Python 2.5+, and currently also [http://github.com/dag/m makfa-cli] for generation + update of dictionary data.

== Machine translation ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://lojban.lilyx.net/zmifanva/ zmifanva] created by [http://masatohagiwara.net/ Masato Hagiwara], Lojban ↔ English Machine Translation Engine based on phrase-based statistical machine translation.
** [https://github.com/youxkei/lojbo-tuhitsku lojbo-tuhitsku] created by youxkei. It obtains tweets, translates them into Lojban and tweets them. It calls Microsoft Translator for translation from Japanese to English, and zmifanva for English to Lojban.

== Other ==
*[[File:Gnome-globe.svg|link=]] [http://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=014107847567658722055%3A3enx_7t3upo Google custom search engine for Lojban resources]
* [[morphology: analysis programs comparison|Morphology analysis programs comparison]]
Other software can be seen on the [[Talk:Lojbanic Software|talk page]].

[[Category:vlaste saske]]

Talk:Special keyboard key names

2018-05-11T12:08:35Z

Wuzzy: fix typo

== Missing key names/letterals ==
Please write your suggestions here. :-)

== Old list of proposed translations ==
These proposals are very old and are only written here to preserve history. If you want to add your own proposal, please add it to the section above, thanks! :-)

* Tab
** '''sepli bu''', '''sotkunti bu'''
* BackSpace
** '''fa'e bu'''
* Ctrl
** '''minde bu'''
* Clover
** '''flora bu'''
** '''vonpezli bu'''
* Enter
** '''linji bu'''
* Return
** '''ni'o bu'''
*** These two are the same key with different names. Why not call them both '''ni'o bu''' (since the word processing context is '''probably''' the most common)?
**** These two are not''' '''the same key with different names for all computers. Don't assume your computer is the only computer in the world.
***** I have yet to see a computer with both.
****** [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
******* You have yet to see a Macintosh, then. Consider me aggrieved. As a result: the PC Enter and Macintosh Return should be '''ni'o bu'''; the Macintosh Enter should be '''linji bu''', or perhaps '''boibu''', since it is associated with the Number Pad.
***** Where on a Macintosh keyboard do I find enter?
****** The Number Pad. And several programs expect it to have different functionality than Return.
****** pier:
******* I worked years ago on an IBM 3270 keyboard, where Enter and Return are completely different. Also line feed and carriage return are distinct.
*** Well if CR = '''ni'o bu''', does that mean that every paragraph starts out with an implicit '''ni'o'''? No more than that every instance of / corresponds to '''fi'u'''; we're using prototypical senses here, not absolute equivalences. And if you are translating running prose with paragraphs, each done by a single CR (so, with linewrapping, a la word processor), then I guess the answer is yes, anyway.
* Shift
** '''tau bu'''
* CapsLock
** '''ga'e bu'''
* Alt/Option
** '''drata bu'''
* Space
** '''kunti bu'''
* LeftArrow
** '''zu'a bu'''
* RightArrow
** '''ri'u bu'''
* UpArrow
** '''ga'u bu'''
* BottomArrow
** '''ni'a bu'''
* Insert
** '''setci bu'''
* Delete
** '''vimcu bu'''
* Esc
** '''dicra bu'''
* Home
* End
** '''fanmo bu'''?
* PgUp
* PgDown
* LineFeed
* Break
** '''sisti bu'''
* PrintScreen
* NumLock
* ScrollLock
*Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)

=== Command and {minde} ===
Ctrl key was '''minde bu''' but "Cmd" on Mac is '''pezli bu'''. I suggest using for Ctrl '''jitro bu''' instead. Let's to English originals. This is ambiguity that will always emerge from using English as the source, we can't rename original keys.

== Special key names construction (moved from [[List of ASCII letterals]]) ==
I think the special key names (Ctrl, Shift, Alt, etc.) are all constructed wrong.

Usage of “bu” doesn't really make sense since this is not about characters you type in a text, but about keys.

How about giving each special key a name of the form “la <whatever>”?

E.g. “la jitro” = control. “la .uindos.” = Windows, “la fypav.” → F1, etc.

--Wuzzy (talk) 00:59, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

:Ctrl, Shift, Alt are real characters but the name of the article is misleadig indeed. mu'o mi'e La Gleki (talk) 06:52, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

== Examples? ==

So how would I use these names/letterals in practice? E.g. “Press [Enter] to continue.”. --[[User:Wuzzy|Wuzzy]] ([[User talk:Wuzzy|talk]]) 12:06, 11 May 2018 (UTC)

Talk:Special keyboard key names

2018-05-11T12:08:11Z

Wuzzy: Examples?

== Missing key names/letterals ==
Please write your suggestions here. :-)

== Old list of proposed translations ==
These proposals are very old and are only written here to preserve history. If you want to add your own proposal, please add it to the section above, thanks! :-)

* Tab
** '''sepli bu''', '''sotkunti bu'''
* BackSpace
** '''fa'e bu'''
* Ctrl
** '''minde bu'''
* Clover
** '''flora bu'''
** '''vonpezli bu'''
* Enter
** '''linji bu'''
* Return
** '''ni'o bu'''
*** These two are the same key with different names. Why not call them both '''ni'o bu''' (since the word processing context is '''probably''' the most common)?
**** These two are not''' '''the same key with different names for all computers. Don't assume your computer is the only computer in the world.
***** I have yet to see a computer with both.
****** [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
******* You have yet to see a Macintosh, then. Consider me aggrieved. As a result: the PC Enter and Macintosh Return should be '''ni'o bu'''; the Macintosh Enter should be '''linji bu''', or perhaps '''boibu''', since it is associated with the Number Pad.
***** Where on a Macintosh keyboard do I find enter?
****** The Number Pad. And several programs expect it to have different functionality than Return.
****** pier:
******* I worked years ago on an IBM 3270 keyboard, where Enter and Return are completely different. Also line feed and carriage return are distinct.
*** Well if CR = '''ni'o bu''', does that mean that every paragraph starts out with an implicit '''ni'o'''? No more than that every instance of / corresponds to '''fi'u'''; we're using prototypical senses here, not absolute equivalences. And if you are translating running prose with paragraphs, each done by a single CR (so, with linewrapping, a la word processor), then I guess the answer is yes, anyway.
* Shift
** '''tau bu'''
* CapsLock
** '''ga'e bu'''
* Alt/Option
** '''drata bu'''
* Space
** '''kunti bu'''
* LeftArrow
** '''zu'a bu'''
* RightArrow
** '''ri'u bu'''
* UpArrow
** '''ga'u bu'''
* BottomArrow
** '''ni'a bu'''
* Insert
** '''setci bu'''
* Delete
** '''vimcu bu'''
* Esc
** '''dicra bu'''
* Home
* End
** '''fanmo bu'''?
* PgUp
* PgDown
* LineFeed
* Break
** '''sisti bu'''
* PrintScreen
* NumLock
* ScrollLock
*Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)

=== Command and {minde} ===
Ctrl key was '''minde bu''' but "Cmd" on Mac is '''pezli bu'''. I suggest using for Ctrl '''jitro bu''' instead. Let's to English originals. This is ambiguity that will always emerge from using English as the source, we can't rename original keys.

== Special key names construction (moved from [[List of ASCII letterals]]) ==
I think the special key names (Ctrl, Shift, Alt, etc.) are all constructed wrong.

Usage of “bu” doesn't really make sense since this is not about characters you type in a text, but about keys.

How about giving each special key a name of the form “la <whatever>”?

E.g. “la jitro” = control. “la .uindos.” = Windows, “la fypav.” → F1, etc.

--Wuzzy (talk) 00:59, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

:Ctrl, Shift, Alt are real characters but the name of the article is misleadig indeed. mu'o mi'e La Gleki (talk) 06:52, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

== Examples? ==

So how would I use these names/letterals in practice? E.g. “‘Press [Enter] to continue’.”. --[[User:Wuzzy|Wuzzy]] ([[User talk:Wuzzy|talk]]) 12:06, 11 May 2018 (UTC)

Talk:Special keyboard key names

2018-05-11T12:06:47Z

Wuzzy: /* Examples? */ new section

== Missing key names/letterals ==
Please write your suggestions here. :-)

== Old list of proposed translations ==
These proposals are very old and are only written here to preserve history. If you want to add your own proposal, please add it to the section above, thanks! :-)

* Tab
** '''sepli bu''', '''sotkunti bu'''
* BackSpace
** '''fa'e bu'''
* Ctrl
** '''minde bu'''
* Clover
** '''flora bu'''
** '''vonpezli bu'''
* Enter
** '''linji bu'''
* Return
** '''ni'o bu'''
*** These two are the same key with different names. Why not call them both '''ni'o bu''' (since the word processing context is '''probably''' the most common)?
**** These two are not''' '''the same key with different names for all computers. Don't assume your computer is the only computer in the world.
***** I have yet to see a computer with both.
****** [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
******* You have yet to see a Macintosh, then. Consider me aggrieved. As a result: the PC Enter and Macintosh Return should be '''ni'o bu'''; the Macintosh Enter should be '''linji bu''', or perhaps '''boibu''', since it is associated with the Number Pad.
***** Where on a Macintosh keyboard do I find enter?
****** The Number Pad. And several programs expect it to have different functionality than Return.
****** pier:
******* I worked years ago on an IBM 3270 keyboard, where Enter and Return are completely different. Also line feed and carriage return are distinct.
*** Well if CR = '''ni'o bu''', does that mean that every paragraph starts out with an implicit '''ni'o'''? No more than that every instance of / corresponds to '''fi'u'''; we're using prototypical senses here, not absolute equivalences. And if you are translating running prose with paragraphs, each done by a single CR (so, with linewrapping, a la word processor), then I guess the answer is yes, anyway.
* Shift
** '''tau bu'''
* CapsLock
** '''ga'e bu'''
* Alt/Option
** '''drata bu'''
* Space
** '''kunti bu'''
* LeftArrow
** '''zu'a bu'''
* RightArrow
** '''ri'u bu'''
* UpArrow
** '''ga'u bu'''
* BottomArrow
** '''ni'a bu'''
* Insert
** '''setci bu'''
* Delete
** '''vimcu bu'''
* Esc
** '''dicra bu'''
* Home
* End
** '''fanmo bu'''?
* PgUp
* PgDown
* LineFeed
* Break
** '''sisti bu'''
* PrintScreen
* NumLock
* ScrollLock
*Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)

=== Command and {minde} ===
Ctrl key was '''minde bu''' but "Cmd" on Mac is '''pezli bu'''. I suggest using for Ctrl '''jitro bu''' instead. Let's to English originals. This is ambiguity that will always emerge from using English as the source, we can't rename original keys.

== Special key names construction (moved from [[List of ASCII letterals]]) ==
I think the special key names (Ctrl, Shift, Alt, etc.) are all constructed wrong.

Usage of “bu” doesn't really make sense since this is not about characters you type in a text, but about keys.

How about giving each special key a name of the form “la <whatever>”?

E.g. “la jitro” = control. “la .uindos.” = Windows, “la fypav.” → F1, etc.

--Wuzzy (talk) 00:59, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

:Ctrl, Shift, Alt are real characters but the name of the article is misleadig indeed. mu'o mi'e La Gleki (talk) 06:52, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

== Examples? ==

So how would I use these names/letterals in practice? --[[User:Wuzzy|Wuzzy]] ([[User talk:Wuzzy|talk]]) 12:06, 11 May 2018 (UTC)

Special keyboard key names

2018-05-11T12:05:14Z

Wuzzy: update link

This page is a list of proposed translations for the special keys found on the computer keyboard. It's not finished yet and needs examples, feel free to discuss on the discussion page!

For letters, digits and other writable characters, see [[List of ASCII letterals]].

Other keyboard key names not listed here are expressed by prefixing with '''la'e''' ASCII characters they denote.
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|Ctrl
|la'e jitro bu
|-
|Enter
|la'e linji bu
|-
|Return
|la'e ni'o bu
|-
|Shift
|la'e tau bu
|-
|Caps Lock
|la'e ga'e bu
|-
|Alt
|la'e drata bu
|-
|Option
|
|-
|AltGr
|
|-
|Command
|la'e pezli bu
|-
|Windows
|la'e .uindos. bu
|-
|Menu
|
|-
|Fn
|
|-
|Left arrow
|la'e zu'a bu
|-
|Right arrow
|la'e ri'u bu
|-
|Up arrow
|la'e ga'u bu
|-
|Down arrow
|la'e ni'a bu
|-
|Insert
|la'e setca bu
|-
|Delete
|la'e vimcu bu
|-
|Backspace
|
|-
|Escape
|la'e dicra bu
|-
| F1 - F12
|
|-
|Tabulator
|la'e sepli bu
|-
|Home
|
|-
|End
|
|-
|Page up
|
|-
|Page down
|
|-
|Pause
|
|-
|Break
|la'e sisti bu
|-
|Print Screen
|la'e prigau bu
|-
|System Request
|
|-
|Num Lock
|
|-
|Scroll Lock
|
|-
| Numpad 0 - Numpad 9
|
|-
| Numpad +
|
|-
| Numpad -
|
|-
| Numpad *
|
|-
| Numpad /
|
|-
| Numpad .
|
|-
| Numpad Enter
|
|-
|Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|}

== Example sentences ==

''To be written.''

Talk:Special keyboard key names

2018-05-11T12:04:42Z

Wuzzy: /* Command and {minde} */ (moved from ASCII page)

Talk:List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T12:04:01Z

Wuzzy: move key discussion to Special keyboard key names

Talk:Special keyboard key names

2018-05-11T12:02:31Z

Wuzzy: add section from other page

== Missing key names/letterals ==
Please write your suggestions here. :-)

== Old list of proposed translations ==
These proposals are very old and are only written here to preserve history. If you want to add your own proposal, please add it to the section above, thanks! :-)

* Tab
** '''sepli bu''', '''sotkunti bu'''
* BackSpace
** '''fa'e bu'''
* Ctrl
** '''minde bu'''
* Clover
** '''flora bu'''
** '''vonpezli bu'''
* Enter
** '''linji bu'''
* Return
** '''ni'o bu'''
*** These two are the same key with different names. Why not call them both '''ni'o bu''' (since the word processing context is '''probably''' the most common)?
**** These two are not''' '''the same key with different names for all computers. Don't assume your computer is the only computer in the world.
***** I have yet to see a computer with both.
****** [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
******* You have yet to see a Macintosh, then. Consider me aggrieved. As a result: the PC Enter and Macintosh Return should be '''ni'o bu'''; the Macintosh Enter should be '''linji bu''', or perhaps '''boibu''', since it is associated with the Number Pad.
***** Where on a Macintosh keyboard do I find enter?
****** The Number Pad. And several programs expect it to have different functionality than Return.
****** pier:
******* I worked years ago on an IBM 3270 keyboard, where Enter and Return are completely different. Also line feed and carriage return are distinct.
*** Well if CR = '''ni'o bu''', does that mean that every paragraph starts out with an implicit '''ni'o'''? No more than that every instance of / corresponds to '''fi'u'''; we're using prototypical senses here, not absolute equivalences. And if you are translating running prose with paragraphs, each done by a single CR (so, with linewrapping, a la word processor), then I guess the answer is yes, anyway.
* Shift
** '''tau bu'''
* CapsLock
** '''ga'e bu'''
* Alt/Option
** '''drata bu'''
* Space
** '''kunti bu'''
* LeftArrow
** '''zu'a bu'''
* RightArrow
** '''ri'u bu'''
* UpArrow
** '''ga'u bu'''
* BottomArrow
** '''ni'a bu'''
* Insert
** '''setci bu'''
* Delete
** '''vimcu bu'''
* Esc
** '''dicra bu'''
* Home
* End
** '''fanmo bu'''?
* PgUp
* PgDown
* LineFeed
* Break
** '''sisti bu'''
* PrintScreen
* NumLock
* ScrollLock
*Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)

== Special key names construction (moved from [[List of ASCII letterals]]) ==
I think the special key names (Ctrl, Shift, Alt, etc.) are all constructed wrong.

Usage of “bu” doesn't really make sense since this is not about characters you type in a text, but about keys.

How about giving each special key a name of the form “la <whatever>”?

E.g. “la jitro” = control. “la .uindos.” = Windows, “la fypav.” → F1, etc.

--Wuzzy (talk) 00:59, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

:Ctrl, Shift, Alt are real characters but the name of the article is misleadig indeed. mu'o mi'e La Gleki (talk) 06:52, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T11:58:28Z

Wuzzy: /* Other letters */ update header

This page is a list of all ASCII characters and their Lojbanic bu'ivla (bu-letterals). For the special keys on keyboards, see [[Special keyboard key names]].

==ASCII printable code chart==
{{See_also|Capitals as letter names}}

{| style="background:none; text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|010 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 040 || style="background:#cff;"| 32 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 20 || {{small|(space)}} || canlu bu
|-
|010 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 041 || style="background:#cff;"| 33 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 21 || ! || sai bu
|-
|010 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 042 || style="background:#cff;"| 34 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 22 || " || sitna bu
|-
|010 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 043 || style="background:#cff;"| 35 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 23 || # || li bu
|-
|010 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 044 || style="background:#cff;"| 36 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 24 || $ || rupnusudu bu
|-
|010 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 045 || style="background:#cff;"| 37 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 25 || % || ce'i bu
|-
|010 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 046 || style="background:#cff;"| 38 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 26 || & || je bu
|-
|010 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 047 || style="background:#cff;"| 39 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 27 || ' || y'y
|-
|010 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 050 || style="background:#cff;"| 40 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 28 || ( || to bu
|-
|010 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 051 || style="background:#cff;"| 41 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 29 || ) || toi bu
|-
|010 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 052 || style="background:#cff;"| 42 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2A || * || pi'i bu
|-
|010 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 053 || style="background:#cff;"| 43 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2B || + || su'i bu
|-
|010 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 054 || style="background:#cff;"| 44 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2C || , || slaka bu
|-
|010 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 055 || style="background:#cff;"| 45 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2D || - || vu'u bu
|-
|010 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 056 || style="background:#cff;"| 46 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2E || . || denpa bu
|-
|010 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 057 || style="background:#cff;"| 47 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2F || / || fe'i bu
|-
|011 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 060 || style="background:#cff;"| 48 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 30 || 0 ||no bu
|-
|011 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 061 || style="background:#cff;"| 49 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 31 || 1 ||pa bu
|-
|011 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 062 || style="background:#cff;"| 50 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 32 || 2 ||re bu
|-
|011 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 063 || style="background:#cff;"| 51 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 33 || 3 ||ci bu
|-
|011 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 064 || style="background:#cff;"| 52 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 34 || 4 ||vo bu
|-
|011 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 065 || style="background:#cff;"| 53 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 35 || 5 ||mu bu
|-
|011 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 066 || style="background:#cff;"| 54 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 36 || 6 ||xa bu
|-
|011 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 067 || style="background:#cff;"| 55 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 37 || 7 ||ze bu
|-
|011 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 070 || style="background:#cff;"| 56 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 38 || 8 ||bi bu
|-
|011 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 071 || style="background:#cff;"| 57 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 39 || 9 ||so bu
|-
|011 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 072 || style="background:#cff;"| 58 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3A || : || zo'u bu
|-
|011 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 073 || style="background:#cff;"| 59 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3B || ; || vau bu
|-
|011 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 074 || style="background:#cff;"| 60 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3C || < || me'i bu
|-
|011 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 075 || style="background:#cff;"| 61 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3D || = || du bu
|-
|011 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 076 || style="background:#cff;"| 62 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3E || > || za'u bu
|-
|011 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 077 || style="background:#cff;"| 63 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3F || ? || pau bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|100 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 100 || style="background:#cff;"| 64 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 40 || @ || bu'u bu
|-
|100 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 101 || style="background:#cff;"| 65 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 41 || A || tau a bu
|-
|100 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 102 || style="background:#cff;"| 66 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 42 || B || tau by
|-
|100 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 103 || style="background:#cff;"| 67 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 43 || C || tau cy
|-
|100 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 104 || style="background:#cff;"| 68 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 44 || D || tau dy
|-
|100 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 105 || style="background:#cff;"| 69 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 45 || E || tau e bu
|-
|100 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 106 || style="background:#cff;"| 70 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 46 || F || tau fy
|-
|100 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 107 || style="background:#cff;"| 71 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 47 || G || tau gy
|-
|100 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 110 || style="background:#cff;"| 72 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 48 || H || tau y'y bu
|-
|100 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 111 || style="background:#cff;"| 73 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 49 || I || tau i bu
|-
|100 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 112 || style="background:#cff;"| 74 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4A || J || tau jy
|-
|100 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 113 || style="background:#cff;"| 75 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4B || K || tau ky
|-
|100 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 114 || style="background:#cff;"| 76 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4C || L || tau ly
|-
|100 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 115 || style="background:#cff;"| 77 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4D || M || tau my
|-
|100 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 116 || style="background:#cff;"| 78 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4E || N || tau ny
|-
|100 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 117 || style="background:#cff;"| 79 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4F || O || tau o bu
|-
|101 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 120 || style="background:#cff;"| 80 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 50 || P || tau py
|-
|101 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 121 || style="background:#cff;"| 81 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 51 || Q || tau ky bu
|-
|101 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 122 || style="background:#cff;"| 82 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 52 || R || tau ry
|-
|101 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 123 || style="background:#cff;"| 83 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 53 || S || tau sy
|-
|101 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 124 || style="background:#cff;"| 84 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 54 || T || tau ty
|-
|101 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 125 || style="background:#cff;"| 85 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 55 || U || tau u bu
|-
|101 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 126 || style="background:#cff;"| 86 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 56 || V || tau vy
|-
|101 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 127 || style="background:#cff;"| 87 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 57 || W || tau vy bu
|-
|101 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 130 || style="background:#cff;"| 88 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 58 || X || tau xy
|-
|101 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 131 || style="background:#cff;"| 89 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 59 || Y || tau y bu
|-
|101 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 132 || style="background:#cff;"| 90 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5A || Z || tau zy
|-
|101 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 133 || style="background:#cff;"| 91 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5B || <nowiki>[</nowiki> || vei bu
|-
|101 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 134 || style="background:#cff;"| 92 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5C || \ || lu'e bu
|-
|101 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 135 || style="background:#cff;"| 93 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5D || <nowiki>]</nowiki> || ve'o bu
|-
|101 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 136 || style="background:#cff;"| 94 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5E || ^ || te'a bu
|-
|101 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 137 || style="background:#cff;"| 95 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5F || _ || dizlo bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|110 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 140 || style="background:#cff;"| 96 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 60 || ` || zukte bu
|-
|110 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 141 || style="background:#cff;"| 97 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 61 || a ||a bu
|-
|110 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 142 || style="background:#cff;"| 98 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 62 || b ||by
|-
|110 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 143 || style="background:#cff;"| 99 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 63 || c ||cy
|-
|110 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 144 || style="background:#cff;"| 100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 64 || d ||dy
|-
|110 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 145 || style="background:#cff;"| 101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 65 || e ||e bu
|-
|110 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 146 || style="background:#cff;"| 102 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 66 || f ||fy
|-
|110 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 147 || style="background:#cff;"| 103 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 67 || g ||gy
|-
|110 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 150 || style="background:#cff;"| 104 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 68 || h ||y'y bu
|-
|110 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 151 || style="background:#cff;"| 105 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 69 || i ||i bu
|-
|110 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 152 || style="background:#cff;"| 106 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6A || j ||jy
|-
|110 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 153 || style="background:#cff;"| 107 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6B || k ||ky
|-
|110 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 154 || style="background:#cff;"| 108 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6C || l ||ly
|-
|110 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 155 || style="background:#cff;"| 109 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6D || m ||my
|-
|110 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 156 || style="background:#cff;"| 110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6E || n ||ny
|-
|110 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 157 || style="background:#cff;"| 111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6F || o ||o bu
|-
|111 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 160 || style="background:#cff;"| 112 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 70 || p ||py
|-
|111 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 161 || style="background:#cff;"| 113 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 71 || q ||ky bu
|-
|111 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 162 || style="background:#cff;"| 114 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 72 || r ||ry
|-
|111 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 163 || style="background:#cff;"| 115 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 73 || s ||sy
|-
|111 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 164 || style="background:#cff;"| 116 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 74 || t ||ty
|-
|111 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 165 || style="background:#cff;"| 117 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 75 || u ||u bu
|-
|111 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 166 || style="background:#cff;"| 118 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 76 || v ||vy
|-
|111 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 167 || style="background:#cff;"| 119 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 77 || w ||vy bu
|-
|111 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 170 || style="background:#cff;"| 120 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 78 || x ||xy
|-
|111 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 171 || style="background:#cff;"| 121 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 79 || y ||y bu
|-
|111 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 172 || style="background:#cff;"| 122 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7A || z ||zy
|-
|111 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 173 || style="background:#cff;"| 123 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7B || { || lu'i bu
|-
|111 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 174 || style="background:#cff;"| 124 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7C || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || sraji bu
|-
|111 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 175 || style="background:#cff;"| 125 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7D || } || lu'u bu
|-
|111 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 176 || style="background:#cff;"| 126 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7E || ~ || ji'i bu
|}
|}

==ASCII control code chart==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Binary !! Octal !! Decimal !! Hexadecimal !! Abbreviation !! Print form{{Efn|The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended func. Some browsers may not display these properly.}} !! Caret notation{{Efn|Caret notation is often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the {{Keypress|Ctrl}} key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance <code>^@</code> may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.}} !! Escape code{{Efn|Character escape codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).}} !! Name !! Lojban
|-
| 000 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 000 || style="background:#CFF;" | 0 || style="background:lightblue;" | 00
| NUL || style="font-size:large;" | ␀ || <code>^@</code> || <code>\0</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Null character || kunti bu
|-
| 000 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 001 || style="background:#CFF;" | 1 || style="background:lightblue;" | 01
| SOH || style="font-size:large;" | ␁ || <code>^A</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Header ||
|-
| 000 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 002 || style="background:#CFF;" | 2 || style="background:lightblue;" | 02
| STX || style="font-size:large;" | ␂ || <code>^B</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Text ||
|-
| 000 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 003 || style="background:#CFF;" | 3 || style="background:lightblue;" | 03
| ETX || style="font-size:large;" | ␃ || <code>^C</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Text || fa'o bu
|-
| 000 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 004 || style="background:#CFF;" | 4 || style="background:lightblue;" | 04

| EOT || style="font-size:large;" | ␄ || <code>^D</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission || mu'o bu
|-
| 000 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 005 || style="background:#CFF;" | 5 || style="background:lightblue;" | 05

| ENQ || style="font-size:large;" | ␅ || <code>^E</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Enquiry ||
|-
| 000 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 006 || style="background:#CFF;" | 6 || style="background:lightblue;" | 06
| ACK || style="font-size:large;" | ␆ || <code>^F</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Acknowledgment || je'e bu
|-
| 000 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 007 || style="background:#CFF;" | 7 || style="background:lightblue;" | 07
| BEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␇ || <code>^G</code> || <code>\a</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Bell ||
|-
| 000 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 010 || style="background:#CFF;" | 8 || style="background:lightblue;" | 08
| BS || style="font-size:large;" | ␈ || <code>^H</code> || <code>\b</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Backspace{{Efn|The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"}} ||fa'e bu
|-
| 000 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 011 || style="background:#CFF;" | 9 || style="background:lightblue;" | 09
| HT || style="font-size:large;" | ␉ || <code>^I</code> || <code>\t</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Horizontal Tab{{Efn|The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Tab}} key on most systems.}} || sepli bu
|-
| 000 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 012 || style="background:#CFF;" | 10 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0A
| LF || style="font-size:large;" | ␊ || <code>^J</code> || <code>\n</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Line feed || linji bu
|-
| 000 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 013 || style="background:#CFF;" | 11 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0B
| VT || style="font-size:large;" | ␋ || <code>^K</code> || <code>\v</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Vertical Tab ||
|-
| 000 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 014 || style="background:#CFF;" | 12 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0C
| FF || style="font-size:large;" | ␌ || <code>^L</code> || <code>\f</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Form feed ||
|-
| 000 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 015 || style="background:#CFF;" | 13 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0D
| CR || style="font-size:large;" | ␍ || <code>^M</code> || <code>\r</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Carriage return{{Efn|The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Enter}} or {{Keypress|Return}} key on most systems.}} || ni'o bu
|-
| 000 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 016 || style="background:#CFF;" | 14 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0E
| SO || style="font-size:large;" | ␎ || <code>^N</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift Out ||
|-
| 000 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 017 || style="background:#CFF;" | 15 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0F
| SI || style="font-size:large;" | ␏ || <code>^O</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift In ||
|-
| 001 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 020 || style="background:#CFF;" | 16 || style="background:lightblue;" | 10
| DLE || style="font-size:large;" | ␐ || <code>^P</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Data Link Escape ||
|-
| 001 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 021 || style="background:#CFF;" | 17 || style="background:lightblue;" | 11
| DC1 || style="font-size:large;" | ␑ || <code>^Q</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 1 (oft. XON) ||
|-
| 001 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 022 || style="background:#CFF;" | 18 || style="background:lightblue;" | 12
| DC2 || style="font-size:large;" | ␒ || <code>^R</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 2 ||
|-
| 001 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 023 || style="background:#CFF;" | 19 || style="background:lightblue;" | 13
| DC3 || style="font-size:large;" | ␓ || <code>^S</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) ||
|-
| 001 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 024 || style="background:#CFF;" | 20 || style="background:lightblue;" | 14
| DC4 || style="font-size:large;" | ␔ || <code>^T</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 4 ||
|-
| 001 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 025 || style="background:#CFF;" | 21 || style="background:lightblue;" | 15
| NAK || style="font-size:large;" | ␕ || <code>^U</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Negative Acknowledgment ||
|-
| 001 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 026 || style="background:#CFF;" | 22 || style="background:lightblue;" | 16
| SYN || style="font-size:large;" | ␖ || <code>^V</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Synchronous idle ||
|-
| 001 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 027 || style="background:#CFF;" | 23 || style="background:lightblue;" | 17
| ETB || style="font-size:large;" | ␗ || <code>^W</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission Block ||
|-
| 001 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 030 || style="background:#CFF;" | 24 || style="background:lightblue;" | 18
| CAN || style="font-size:large;" | ␘ || <code>^X</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Cancel ||
|-
| 001 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 031 || style="background:#CFF;" | 25 || style="background:lightblue;" | 19
| EM || style="font-size:large;" | ␙ || <code>^Y</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Medium ||
|-
| 001 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 032 || style="background:#CFF;" | 26 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1A
| SUB || style="font-size:large;" | ␚ || <code>^Z</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Substitute ||
|-
| 001 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 033 || style="background:#CFF;" | 27 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1B
| ESC || style="font-size:large;" | ␛ || <code>^<nowiki>[</nowiki></code> || <code>\e</code>{{Efn|The <code>\e</code> escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including GCC.}} || style="text-align:left;" | Escape{{Efn|The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Esc}} key on some systems.}} ||
|-
| 001 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 034 || style="background:#CFF;" | 28 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1C
| FS || style="font-size:large;" | ␜ || <code>^\</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | File Separator ||
|-
| 001 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 035 || style="background:#CFF;" | 29 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1D
| GS || style="font-size:large;" | ␝ || <code>^<nowiki>]</nowiki></code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Group Separator ||
|-
| 001 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 036 || style="background:#CFF;" | 30 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1E
| RS || style="font-size:large;" | ␞ || <code>^^</code>{{Efn|^^ means {{Keypress|Ctrl|^}} (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).}} || || style="text-align:left;" | Record Separator ||
|-
| 001 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 037 || style="background:#CFF;" | 31 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1F
| US || style="font-size:large;" | ␟ || <code>^_</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Unit Separator ||
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
| 111 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 177 || style="background:#CFF;" | 127 || style="background:lightblue;" | 7F
| DEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␡ || <code>^?</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Delete{{Efn|The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"|The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "<code>^H</code>" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any {{Keypress|Delete}} key produce something other than the Delete character.}} || vimcu bu
|}

== Other letters (not ASCII) ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|€
|ronru'u bu
|-
|¤

|rupnu bu

|}

== Example sentences ==
* lu to bu li'u bu'ivla zoi ly.(.ly.
** “to bu” is the (Lojbanic) bu-letteral of “(”.

==References==
<references/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
__NOTOC__

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T11:58:05Z

Wuzzy: /* Example sentences */

This page is a list of all ASCII characters and their Lojbanic bu'ivla (bu-letterals). For the special keys on keyboards, see [[Special keyboard key names]].

==ASCII printable code chart==
{{See_also|Capitals as letter names}}

{| style="background:none; text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|010 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 040 || style="background:#cff;"| 32 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 20 || {{small|(space)}} || canlu bu
|-
|010 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 041 || style="background:#cff;"| 33 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 21 || ! || sai bu
|-
|010 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 042 || style="background:#cff;"| 34 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 22 || " || sitna bu
|-
|010 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 043 || style="background:#cff;"| 35 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 23 || # || li bu
|-
|010 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 044 || style="background:#cff;"| 36 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 24 || $ || rupnusudu bu
|-
|010 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 045 || style="background:#cff;"| 37 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 25 || % || ce'i bu
|-
|010 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 046 || style="background:#cff;"| 38 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 26 || & || je bu
|-
|010 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 047 || style="background:#cff;"| 39 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 27 || ' || y'y
|-
|010 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 050 || style="background:#cff;"| 40 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 28 || ( || to bu
|-
|010 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 051 || style="background:#cff;"| 41 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 29 || ) || toi bu
|-
|010 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 052 || style="background:#cff;"| 42 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2A || * || pi'i bu
|-
|010 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 053 || style="background:#cff;"| 43 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2B || + || su'i bu
|-
|010 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 054 || style="background:#cff;"| 44 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2C || , || slaka bu
|-
|010 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 055 || style="background:#cff;"| 45 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2D || - || vu'u bu
|-
|010 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 056 || style="background:#cff;"| 46 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2E || . || denpa bu
|-
|010 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 057 || style="background:#cff;"| 47 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2F || / || fe'i bu
|-
|011 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 060 || style="background:#cff;"| 48 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 30 || 0 ||no bu
|-
|011 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 061 || style="background:#cff;"| 49 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 31 || 1 ||pa bu
|-
|011 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 062 || style="background:#cff;"| 50 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 32 || 2 ||re bu
|-
|011 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 063 || style="background:#cff;"| 51 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 33 || 3 ||ci bu
|-
|011 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 064 || style="background:#cff;"| 52 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 34 || 4 ||vo bu
|-
|011 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 065 || style="background:#cff;"| 53 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 35 || 5 ||mu bu
|-
|011 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 066 || style="background:#cff;"| 54 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 36 || 6 ||xa bu
|-
|011 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 067 || style="background:#cff;"| 55 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 37 || 7 ||ze bu
|-
|011 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 070 || style="background:#cff;"| 56 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 38 || 8 ||bi bu
|-
|011 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 071 || style="background:#cff;"| 57 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 39 || 9 ||so bu
|-
|011 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 072 || style="background:#cff;"| 58 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3A || : || zo'u bu
|-
|011 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 073 || style="background:#cff;"| 59 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3B || ; || vau bu
|-
|011 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 074 || style="background:#cff;"| 60 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3C || < || me'i bu
|-
|011 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 075 || style="background:#cff;"| 61 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3D || = || du bu
|-
|011 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 076 || style="background:#cff;"| 62 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3E || > || za'u bu
|-
|011 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 077 || style="background:#cff;"| 63 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3F || ? || pau bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|100 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 100 || style="background:#cff;"| 64 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 40 || @ || bu'u bu
|-
|100 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 101 || style="background:#cff;"| 65 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 41 || A || tau a bu
|-
|100 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 102 || style="background:#cff;"| 66 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 42 || B || tau by
|-
|100 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 103 || style="background:#cff;"| 67 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 43 || C || tau cy
|-
|100 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 104 || style="background:#cff;"| 68 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 44 || D || tau dy
|-
|100 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 105 || style="background:#cff;"| 69 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 45 || E || tau e bu
|-
|100 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 106 || style="background:#cff;"| 70 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 46 || F || tau fy
|-
|100 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 107 || style="background:#cff;"| 71 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 47 || G || tau gy
|-
|100 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 110 || style="background:#cff;"| 72 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 48 || H || tau y'y bu
|-
|100 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 111 || style="background:#cff;"| 73 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 49 || I || tau i bu
|-
|100 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 112 || style="background:#cff;"| 74 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4A || J || tau jy
|-
|100 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 113 || style="background:#cff;"| 75 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4B || K || tau ky
|-
|100 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 114 || style="background:#cff;"| 76 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4C || L || tau ly
|-
|100 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 115 || style="background:#cff;"| 77 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4D || M || tau my
|-
|100 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 116 || style="background:#cff;"| 78 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4E || N || tau ny
|-
|100 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 117 || style="background:#cff;"| 79 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4F || O || tau o bu
|-
|101 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 120 || style="background:#cff;"| 80 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 50 || P || tau py
|-
|101 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 121 || style="background:#cff;"| 81 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 51 || Q || tau ky bu
|-
|101 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 122 || style="background:#cff;"| 82 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 52 || R || tau ry
|-
|101 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 123 || style="background:#cff;"| 83 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 53 || S || tau sy
|-
|101 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 124 || style="background:#cff;"| 84 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 54 || T || tau ty
|-
|101 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 125 || style="background:#cff;"| 85 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 55 || U || tau u bu
|-
|101 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 126 || style="background:#cff;"| 86 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 56 || V || tau vy
|-
|101 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 127 || style="background:#cff;"| 87 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 57 || W || tau vy bu
|-
|101 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 130 || style="background:#cff;"| 88 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 58 || X || tau xy
|-
|101 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 131 || style="background:#cff;"| 89 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 59 || Y || tau y bu
|-
|101 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 132 || style="background:#cff;"| 90 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5A || Z || tau zy
|-
|101 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 133 || style="background:#cff;"| 91 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5B || <nowiki>[</nowiki> || vei bu
|-
|101 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 134 || style="background:#cff;"| 92 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5C || \ || lu'e bu
|-
|101 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 135 || style="background:#cff;"| 93 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5D || <nowiki>]</nowiki> || ve'o bu
|-
|101 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 136 || style="background:#cff;"| 94 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5E || ^ || te'a bu
|-
|101 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 137 || style="background:#cff;"| 95 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5F || _ || dizlo bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|110 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 140 || style="background:#cff;"| 96 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 60 || ` || zukte bu
|-
|110 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 141 || style="background:#cff;"| 97 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 61 || a ||a bu
|-
|110 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 142 || style="background:#cff;"| 98 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 62 || b ||by
|-
|110 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 143 || style="background:#cff;"| 99 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 63 || c ||cy
|-
|110 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 144 || style="background:#cff;"| 100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 64 || d ||dy
|-
|110 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 145 || style="background:#cff;"| 101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 65 || e ||e bu
|-
|110 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 146 || style="background:#cff;"| 102 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 66 || f ||fy
|-
|110 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 147 || style="background:#cff;"| 103 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 67 || g ||gy
|-
|110 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 150 || style="background:#cff;"| 104 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 68 || h ||y'y bu
|-
|110 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 151 || style="background:#cff;"| 105 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 69 || i ||i bu
|-
|110 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 152 || style="background:#cff;"| 106 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6A || j ||jy
|-
|110 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 153 || style="background:#cff;"| 107 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6B || k ||ky
|-
|110 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 154 || style="background:#cff;"| 108 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6C || l ||ly
|-
|110 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 155 || style="background:#cff;"| 109 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6D || m ||my
|-
|110 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 156 || style="background:#cff;"| 110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6E || n ||ny
|-
|110 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 157 || style="background:#cff;"| 111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6F || o ||o bu
|-
|111 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 160 || style="background:#cff;"| 112 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 70 || p ||py
|-
|111 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 161 || style="background:#cff;"| 113 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 71 || q ||ky bu
|-
|111 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 162 || style="background:#cff;"| 114 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 72 || r ||ry
|-
|111 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 163 || style="background:#cff;"| 115 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 73 || s ||sy
|-
|111 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 164 || style="background:#cff;"| 116 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 74 || t ||ty
|-
|111 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 165 || style="background:#cff;"| 117 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 75 || u ||u bu
|-
|111 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 166 || style="background:#cff;"| 118 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 76 || v ||vy
|-
|111 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 167 || style="background:#cff;"| 119 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 77 || w ||vy bu
|-
|111 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 170 || style="background:#cff;"| 120 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 78 || x ||xy
|-
|111 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 171 || style="background:#cff;"| 121 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 79 || y ||y bu
|-
|111 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 172 || style="background:#cff;"| 122 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7A || z ||zy
|-
|111 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 173 || style="background:#cff;"| 123 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7B || { || lu'i bu
|-
|111 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 174 || style="background:#cff;"| 124 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7C || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || sraji bu
|-
|111 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 175 || style="background:#cff;"| 125 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7D || } || lu'u bu
|-
|111 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 176 || style="background:#cff;"| 126 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7E || ~ || ji'i bu
|}
|}

==ASCII control code chart==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Binary !! Octal !! Decimal !! Hexadecimal !! Abbreviation !! Print form{{Efn|The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended func. Some browsers may not display these properly.}} !! Caret notation{{Efn|Caret notation is often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the {{Keypress|Ctrl}} key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance <code>^@</code> may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.}} !! Escape code{{Efn|Character escape codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).}} !! Name !! Lojban
|-
| 000 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 000 || style="background:#CFF;" | 0 || style="background:lightblue;" | 00
| NUL || style="font-size:large;" | ␀ || <code>^@</code> || <code>\0</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Null character || kunti bu
|-
| 000 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 001 || style="background:#CFF;" | 1 || style="background:lightblue;" | 01
| SOH || style="font-size:large;" | ␁ || <code>^A</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Header ||
|-
| 000 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 002 || style="background:#CFF;" | 2 || style="background:lightblue;" | 02
| STX || style="font-size:large;" | ␂ || <code>^B</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Text ||
|-
| 000 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 003 || style="background:#CFF;" | 3 || style="background:lightblue;" | 03
| ETX || style="font-size:large;" | ␃ || <code>^C</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Text || fa'o bu
|-
| 000 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 004 || style="background:#CFF;" | 4 || style="background:lightblue;" | 04

| EOT || style="font-size:large;" | ␄ || <code>^D</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission || mu'o bu
|-
| 000 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 005 || style="background:#CFF;" | 5 || style="background:lightblue;" | 05

| ENQ || style="font-size:large;" | ␅ || <code>^E</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Enquiry ||
|-
| 000 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 006 || style="background:#CFF;" | 6 || style="background:lightblue;" | 06
| ACK || style="font-size:large;" | ␆ || <code>^F</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Acknowledgment || je'e bu
|-
| 000 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 007 || style="background:#CFF;" | 7 || style="background:lightblue;" | 07
| BEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␇ || <code>^G</code> || <code>\a</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Bell ||
|-
| 000 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 010 || style="background:#CFF;" | 8 || style="background:lightblue;" | 08
| BS || style="font-size:large;" | ␈ || <code>^H</code> || <code>\b</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Backspace{{Efn|The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"}} ||fa'e bu
|-
| 000 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 011 || style="background:#CFF;" | 9 || style="background:lightblue;" | 09
| HT || style="font-size:large;" | ␉ || <code>^I</code> || <code>\t</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Horizontal Tab{{Efn|The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Tab}} key on most systems.}} || sepli bu
|-
| 000 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 012 || style="background:#CFF;" | 10 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0A
| LF || style="font-size:large;" | ␊ || <code>^J</code> || <code>\n</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Line feed || linji bu
|-
| 000 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 013 || style="background:#CFF;" | 11 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0B
| VT || style="font-size:large;" | ␋ || <code>^K</code> || <code>\v</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Vertical Tab ||
|-
| 000 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 014 || style="background:#CFF;" | 12 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0C
| FF || style="font-size:large;" | ␌ || <code>^L</code> || <code>\f</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Form feed ||
|-
| 000 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 015 || style="background:#CFF;" | 13 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0D
| CR || style="font-size:large;" | ␍ || <code>^M</code> || <code>\r</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Carriage return{{Efn|The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Enter}} or {{Keypress|Return}} key on most systems.}} || ni'o bu
|-
| 000 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 016 || style="background:#CFF;" | 14 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0E
| SO || style="font-size:large;" | ␎ || <code>^N</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift Out ||
|-
| 000 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 017 || style="background:#CFF;" | 15 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0F
| SI || style="font-size:large;" | ␏ || <code>^O</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift In ||
|-
| 001 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 020 || style="background:#CFF;" | 16 || style="background:lightblue;" | 10
| DLE || style="font-size:large;" | ␐ || <code>^P</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Data Link Escape ||
|-
| 001 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 021 || style="background:#CFF;" | 17 || style="background:lightblue;" | 11
| DC1 || style="font-size:large;" | ␑ || <code>^Q</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 1 (oft. XON) ||
|-
| 001 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 022 || style="background:#CFF;" | 18 || style="background:lightblue;" | 12
| DC2 || style="font-size:large;" | ␒ || <code>^R</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 2 ||
|-
| 001 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 023 || style="background:#CFF;" | 19 || style="background:lightblue;" | 13
| DC3 || style="font-size:large;" | ␓ || <code>^S</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) ||
|-
| 001 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 024 || style="background:#CFF;" | 20 || style="background:lightblue;" | 14
| DC4 || style="font-size:large;" | ␔ || <code>^T</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 4 ||
|-
| 001 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 025 || style="background:#CFF;" | 21 || style="background:lightblue;" | 15
| NAK || style="font-size:large;" | ␕ || <code>^U</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Negative Acknowledgment ||
|-
| 001 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 026 || style="background:#CFF;" | 22 || style="background:lightblue;" | 16
| SYN || style="font-size:large;" | ␖ || <code>^V</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Synchronous idle ||
|-
| 001 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 027 || style="background:#CFF;" | 23 || style="background:lightblue;" | 17
| ETB || style="font-size:large;" | ␗ || <code>^W</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission Block ||
|-
| 001 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 030 || style="background:#CFF;" | 24 || style="background:lightblue;" | 18
| CAN || style="font-size:large;" | ␘ || <code>^X</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Cancel ||
|-
| 001 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 031 || style="background:#CFF;" | 25 || style="background:lightblue;" | 19
| EM || style="font-size:large;" | ␙ || <code>^Y</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Medium ||
|-
| 001 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 032 || style="background:#CFF;" | 26 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1A
| SUB || style="font-size:large;" | ␚ || <code>^Z</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Substitute ||
|-
| 001 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 033 || style="background:#CFF;" | 27 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1B
| ESC || style="font-size:large;" | ␛ || <code>^<nowiki>[</nowiki></code> || <code>\e</code>{{Efn|The <code>\e</code> escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including GCC.}} || style="text-align:left;" | Escape{{Efn|The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Esc}} key on some systems.}} ||
|-
| 001 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 034 || style="background:#CFF;" | 28 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1C
| FS || style="font-size:large;" | ␜ || <code>^\</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | File Separator ||
|-
| 001 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 035 || style="background:#CFF;" | 29 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1D
| GS || style="font-size:large;" | ␝ || <code>^<nowiki>]</nowiki></code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Group Separator ||
|-
| 001 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 036 || style="background:#CFF;" | 30 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1E
| RS || style="font-size:large;" | ␞ || <code>^^</code>{{Efn|^^ means {{Keypress|Ctrl|^}} (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).}} || || style="text-align:left;" | Record Separator ||
|-
| 001 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 037 || style="background:#CFF;" | 31 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1F
| US || style="font-size:large;" | ␟ || <code>^_</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Unit Separator ||
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
| 111 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 177 || style="background:#CFF;" | 127 || style="background:lightblue;" | 7F
| DEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␡ || <code>^?</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Delete{{Efn|The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"|The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "<code>^H</code>" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any {{Keypress|Delete}} key produce something other than the Delete character.}} || vimcu bu
|}

== Other letters ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|€
|ronru'u bu
|-
|¤

|rupnu bu

|}

== Example sentences ==
* lu to bu li'u bu'ivla zoi ly.(.ly.
** “to bu” is the (Lojbanic) bu-letteral of “(”.

==References==
<references/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
__NOTOC__

Talk:List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T11:56:49Z

Wuzzy: +Page split

* ~
** '''ji'ibu''' or '''nabu''' (this is the logical language, after all)
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** But '''nabu''' is '''¬''', isn't it?
* `
** '''zukte bu''' (used in shell script to execute command), '''grav bu''', '''zulgal bu'''
* !
** '''basna bu''' or '''caibu'''. Unfortunately '''ba'e bu''' is ungrammatical.
* @
** '''bu'u bu''' or '''judri bu''' or '''tu'i bu'''
*** mark:
**** Sort of misses the original meaning, no? Maybe something with '''jdima''' or '''vamji'''? I suppose it doesn't much matter; one meaning is as good as another. It might even depend on the context: mercantile contexts might prefer '''jdima bu'''.
*** [[la nitcion]]:
**** Mon vieux, noone even remembers the mercantile meaning anymore, and the meaning was always Anglo-specific in any case --- which is why Europeans end up calling it "the coffee scroll key" or the "monkey tail key". No, "at for email" is the only actually international meaning.
***** .aulun.:
****** In German-language countries, it was known as "Affenschaukel" (monkey see-saw) :) yet, now "at" is the modern term mainly used.
***** pne:
****** "At" from English, not "zu", right? yes; pronounced as if it were spelled "a:t" in German, or "et" in English/Lojban.
***** People took it over from English like many other terms (e.g. in the field of computing) without knowing what was it's original meaning. Yet, for those who do know, it's pretty obvious that "at" has one of the semantical shades of German "zu". One could say: "drei Pfund Butter *zu* (je) DM 10.-". Here "zu"/"at" is used in the sense of French "`a" (which, BTW, is much more common in German language: "drei Pfund Butter `a DM 10.-").
*** In Spanish it is called ''arroba'', which is an old unit of weight. Apparently from Arabic '''ar-rub' ''', meaning 'the quarter'.
*** '''ctrudel bu''' or '''titnanba bu''', maybe?
* #
** '''libu'''
* $
** '''rupnu bu''' or '''meryru'u bu'''
* €
** mark:
*** '''roprupnu bu'''? Hrm.
** [[pne|pne:]]
*** try '''ronru'u bu'''. Though perhaps the spelled out '''ropno rupnu''' might be more euphonious zo'o
* %
** '''ce'ibu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** zo'o '''carmarxa bu'''
* ^
** '''te'abu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''mapku bu''' is meaning-independent
* &
** '''joibu'''
* *
** '''pi'ibu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''tarci bu''', though I don't know about the cultural neutrality of that. There's ‘★’, too.
* (
** '''tobu'''
* )
** '''toibu'''
* -
** '''vu'ubu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''pinta bu''', again, for meaning-independence
* _
** '''jorne bu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''dizlo bu'''?
**[[la guskant]]
**: .e'u cmene fa '''xi bu'''
* +
** '''su'i bu'''
* =
** '''du bu'''
**'''dunli bu'''
* {
** '''lu'i bu'''
* }
** '''lu'u bu''' (corresponding to '''lu'ibu''')
* [
** v'''ei bu'''
* ]
** '''ve'o bu'''
*|
** '''grana bu'''
*** mark:
**** Context and meaning may be significant here too. UNIX geeks call this a pipe not just because of its shape. '''tubnu bu''' is probably a bit much, but maybe there's another brivla...
*** pier:
**** I suggest '''datnyfle bu'''
*** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
**** '''sraji bu''' .e'u
* :
** '''di'e bu''', '''zo'ubu'''
** mark, [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
*** Sometimes I think of '''zo'ubu''' for this...
** pier:
*** I think '''pi'ebu''' is the colon, rather than the semicolon.
* ;
** '''jufrypau bu''' , '''pi'e bu''' , '''kei bu'''
** pier:
*** '''jufrypau''' can be shortened to '''jufpau'''. Alternatively '''bridi bu'''.
* "
** '''lubu'''
* '
** '''.y'y.'''
* <
** '''me'i bu'''
* >
** '''za'u bu'''
* ,
** '''slaka bu'''
* .
** '''denpa bu'''
* ?
** '''xu bu''' There are a lot of other kinds of questions, maybe '''pau bu'''
** mark:
*** '''pau bu''' is probably better
* /
** '''fi'u bu'''
* \
** '''lu'e bu''' (allusion to use as escape character)
* Tab
** '''sepli bu''', '''sotkunti bu'''
* BackSpace
** '''fa'e bu'''

== Command and {minde} ==

Ctrl key was '''minde bu''' but "Cmd" on Mac is '''pezli bu'''. I suggest using for Ctrl '''jitro bu''' instead. Let's to English originals. This is ambiguity that will always emerge from using English as the source, we can't rename original keys.

== Special key names ==

I think the special key names (Ctrl, Shift, Alt, etc.) are all constructed wrong.

Usage of “bu” doesn't really make sense since this is not about ''characters'' you type in a text, but about keys.

How about giving each special key a name of the form “la <whatever>”?

E.g. “la jitro” = control. “la .uindos.” = Windows, “la fypav.” → F1, etc.

--[[User:Wuzzy|Wuzzy]] ([[User talk:Wuzzy|talk]]) 00:59, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

Ctrl, Shift, Alt are real characters but the name of the article is misleadig indeed. [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 06:52, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

== Page split ==
I have renamed this page and split it in two.
[[List of ASCII letterals]] is now only for the ASCII characters.
Special keys have gone to the new page [[Special keyboard key names]].
--[[User:Wuzzy|Wuzzy]] ([[User talk:Wuzzy|talk]]) 11:56, 11 May 2018 (UTC)

keyboard terminology

2018-05-11T11:54:38Z

Wuzzy: fix link

== Useful words ==
*{{jvs|batkyci'a}} = to type
*'''batkyci'a me'o ''' ''<key as leterral>'' = to type <key as leterral>
* typewriter/computer keyboard
** {{jvs|lercu'aca'a}}. Presumably also for other keypads such as those found on touch-tone telephones, ATMs, etc.
** zo '''lerpi'o''' smudu'i ca'e to mi'e la .selkik. toi zo lercu'aca'a je cu tormau ri li'a je cu zmadu ri lo ka snameva mi
* {{jvs|bu'ivla}} = bu-letteral

== Letters and keys ==
Letters and keys are generally represented using bu'ivla:

*[[Special keyboard key names]]
*[[List of ASCII letterals]]

keyboard terminology

2018-05-11T11:54:25Z

Wuzzy: add bu'ivla

== Useful words ==
*{{jvs|batkyci'a}} = to type
*'''batkyci'a me'o ''' ''<key as leterral>'' = to type <key as leterral>
* typewriter/computer keyboard
** {{jvs|lercu'aca'a}}. Presumably also for other keypads such as those found on touch-tone telephones, ATMs, etc.
** zo '''lerpi'o''' smudu'i ca'e to mi'e la .selkik. toi zo lercu'aca'a je cu tormau ri li'a je cu zmadu ri lo ka snameva mi
* {{bu'ivla}} = bu-letteral

== Letters and keys ==
Letters and keys are generally represented using bu'ivla:

*[[Special keyboard key names]]
*[[List of ASCII letterals]]

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T11:53:26Z

Wuzzy: add some examples

This page is a list of all ASCII characters and their Lojbanic bu'ivla (bu-letterals). For the special keys on keyboards, see [[Special keyboard key names]].

==ASCII printable code chart==
{{See_also|Capitals as letter names}}

{| style="background:none; text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|010 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 040 || style="background:#cff;"| 32 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 20 || {{small|(space)}} || canlu bu
|-
|010 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 041 || style="background:#cff;"| 33 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 21 || ! || sai bu
|-
|010 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 042 || style="background:#cff;"| 34 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 22 || " || sitna bu
|-
|010 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 043 || style="background:#cff;"| 35 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 23 || # || li bu
|-
|010 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 044 || style="background:#cff;"| 36 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 24 || $ || rupnusudu bu
|-
|010 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 045 || style="background:#cff;"| 37 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 25 || % || ce'i bu
|-
|010 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 046 || style="background:#cff;"| 38 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 26 || & || je bu
|-
|010 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 047 || style="background:#cff;"| 39 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 27 || ' || y'y
|-
|010 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 050 || style="background:#cff;"| 40 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 28 || ( || to bu
|-
|010 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 051 || style="background:#cff;"| 41 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 29 || ) || toi bu
|-
|010 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 052 || style="background:#cff;"| 42 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2A || * || pi'i bu
|-
|010 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 053 || style="background:#cff;"| 43 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2B || + || su'i bu
|-
|010 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 054 || style="background:#cff;"| 44 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2C || , || slaka bu
|-
|010 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 055 || style="background:#cff;"| 45 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2D || - || vu'u bu
|-
|010 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 056 || style="background:#cff;"| 46 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2E || . || denpa bu
|-
|010 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 057 || style="background:#cff;"| 47 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2F || / || fe'i bu
|-
|011 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 060 || style="background:#cff;"| 48 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 30 || 0 ||no bu
|-
|011 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 061 || style="background:#cff;"| 49 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 31 || 1 ||pa bu
|-
|011 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 062 || style="background:#cff;"| 50 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 32 || 2 ||re bu
|-
|011 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 063 || style="background:#cff;"| 51 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 33 || 3 ||ci bu
|-
|011 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 064 || style="background:#cff;"| 52 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 34 || 4 ||vo bu
|-
|011 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 065 || style="background:#cff;"| 53 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 35 || 5 ||mu bu
|-
|011 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 066 || style="background:#cff;"| 54 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 36 || 6 ||xa bu
|-
|011 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 067 || style="background:#cff;"| 55 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 37 || 7 ||ze bu
|-
|011 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 070 || style="background:#cff;"| 56 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 38 || 8 ||bi bu
|-
|011 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 071 || style="background:#cff;"| 57 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 39 || 9 ||so bu
|-
|011 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 072 || style="background:#cff;"| 58 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3A || : || zo'u bu
|-
|011 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 073 || style="background:#cff;"| 59 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3B || ; || vau bu
|-
|011 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 074 || style="background:#cff;"| 60 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3C || < || me'i bu
|-
|011 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 075 || style="background:#cff;"| 61 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3D || = || du bu
|-
|011 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 076 || style="background:#cff;"| 62 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3E || > || za'u bu
|-
|011 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 077 || style="background:#cff;"| 63 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3F || ? || pau bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|100 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 100 || style="background:#cff;"| 64 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 40 || @ || bu'u bu
|-
|100 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 101 || style="background:#cff;"| 65 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 41 || A || tau a bu
|-
|100 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 102 || style="background:#cff;"| 66 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 42 || B || tau by
|-
|100 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 103 || style="background:#cff;"| 67 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 43 || C || tau cy
|-
|100 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 104 || style="background:#cff;"| 68 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 44 || D || tau dy
|-
|100 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 105 || style="background:#cff;"| 69 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 45 || E || tau e bu
|-
|100 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 106 || style="background:#cff;"| 70 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 46 || F || tau fy
|-
|100 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 107 || style="background:#cff;"| 71 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 47 || G || tau gy
|-
|100 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 110 || style="background:#cff;"| 72 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 48 || H || tau y'y bu
|-
|100 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 111 || style="background:#cff;"| 73 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 49 || I || tau i bu
|-
|100 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 112 || style="background:#cff;"| 74 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4A || J || tau jy
|-
|100 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 113 || style="background:#cff;"| 75 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4B || K || tau ky
|-
|100 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 114 || style="background:#cff;"| 76 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4C || L || tau ly
|-
|100 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 115 || style="background:#cff;"| 77 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4D || M || tau my
|-
|100 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 116 || style="background:#cff;"| 78 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4E || N || tau ny
|-
|100 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 117 || style="background:#cff;"| 79 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4F || O || tau o bu
|-
|101 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 120 || style="background:#cff;"| 80 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 50 || P || tau py
|-
|101 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 121 || style="background:#cff;"| 81 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 51 || Q || tau ky bu
|-
|101 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 122 || style="background:#cff;"| 82 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 52 || R || tau ry
|-
|101 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 123 || style="background:#cff;"| 83 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 53 || S || tau sy
|-
|101 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 124 || style="background:#cff;"| 84 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 54 || T || tau ty
|-
|101 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 125 || style="background:#cff;"| 85 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 55 || U || tau u bu
|-
|101 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 126 || style="background:#cff;"| 86 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 56 || V || tau vy
|-
|101 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 127 || style="background:#cff;"| 87 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 57 || W || tau vy bu
|-
|101 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 130 || style="background:#cff;"| 88 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 58 || X || tau xy
|-
|101 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 131 || style="background:#cff;"| 89 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 59 || Y || tau y bu
|-
|101 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 132 || style="background:#cff;"| 90 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5A || Z || tau zy
|-
|101 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 133 || style="background:#cff;"| 91 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5B || <nowiki>[</nowiki> || vei bu
|-
|101 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 134 || style="background:#cff;"| 92 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5C || \ || lu'e bu
|-
|101 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 135 || style="background:#cff;"| 93 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5D || <nowiki>]</nowiki> || ve'o bu
|-
|101 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 136 || style="background:#cff;"| 94 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5E || ^ || te'a bu
|-
|101 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 137 || style="background:#cff;"| 95 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5F || _ || dizlo bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|110 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 140 || style="background:#cff;"| 96 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 60 || ` || zukte bu
|-
|110 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 141 || style="background:#cff;"| 97 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 61 || a ||a bu
|-
|110 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 142 || style="background:#cff;"| 98 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 62 || b ||by
|-
|110 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 143 || style="background:#cff;"| 99 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 63 || c ||cy
|-
|110 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 144 || style="background:#cff;"| 100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 64 || d ||dy
|-
|110 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 145 || style="background:#cff;"| 101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 65 || e ||e bu
|-
|110 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 146 || style="background:#cff;"| 102 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 66 || f ||fy
|-
|110 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 147 || style="background:#cff;"| 103 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 67 || g ||gy
|-
|110 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 150 || style="background:#cff;"| 104 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 68 || h ||y'y bu
|-
|110 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 151 || style="background:#cff;"| 105 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 69 || i ||i bu
|-
|110 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 152 || style="background:#cff;"| 106 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6A || j ||jy
|-
|110 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 153 || style="background:#cff;"| 107 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6B || k ||ky
|-
|110 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 154 || style="background:#cff;"| 108 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6C || l ||ly
|-
|110 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 155 || style="background:#cff;"| 109 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6D || m ||my
|-
|110 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 156 || style="background:#cff;"| 110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6E || n ||ny
|-
|110 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 157 || style="background:#cff;"| 111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6F || o ||o bu
|-
|111 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 160 || style="background:#cff;"| 112 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 70 || p ||py
|-
|111 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 161 || style="background:#cff;"| 113 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 71 || q ||ky bu
|-
|111 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 162 || style="background:#cff;"| 114 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 72 || r ||ry
|-
|111 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 163 || style="background:#cff;"| 115 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 73 || s ||sy
|-
|111 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 164 || style="background:#cff;"| 116 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 74 || t ||ty
|-
|111 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 165 || style="background:#cff;"| 117 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 75 || u ||u bu
|-
|111 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 166 || style="background:#cff;"| 118 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 76 || v ||vy
|-
|111 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 167 || style="background:#cff;"| 119 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 77 || w ||vy bu
|-
|111 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 170 || style="background:#cff;"| 120 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 78 || x ||xy
|-
|111 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 171 || style="background:#cff;"| 121 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 79 || y ||y bu
|-
|111 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 172 || style="background:#cff;"| 122 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7A || z ||zy
|-
|111 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 173 || style="background:#cff;"| 123 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7B || { || lu'i bu
|-
|111 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 174 || style="background:#cff;"| 124 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7C || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || sraji bu
|-
|111 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 175 || style="background:#cff;"| 125 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7D || } || lu'u bu
|-
|111 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 176 || style="background:#cff;"| 126 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7E || ~ || ji'i bu
|}
|}

==ASCII control code chart==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Binary !! Octal !! Decimal !! Hexadecimal !! Abbreviation !! Print form{{Efn|The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended func. Some browsers may not display these properly.}} !! Caret notation{{Efn|Caret notation is often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the {{Keypress|Ctrl}} key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance <code>^@</code> may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.}} !! Escape code{{Efn|Character escape codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).}} !! Name !! Lojban
|-
| 000 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 000 || style="background:#CFF;" | 0 || style="background:lightblue;" | 00
| NUL || style="font-size:large;" | ␀ || <code>^@</code> || <code>\0</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Null character || kunti bu
|-
| 000 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 001 || style="background:#CFF;" | 1 || style="background:lightblue;" | 01
| SOH || style="font-size:large;" | ␁ || <code>^A</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Header ||
|-
| 000 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 002 || style="background:#CFF;" | 2 || style="background:lightblue;" | 02
| STX || style="font-size:large;" | ␂ || <code>^B</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Text ||
|-
| 000 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 003 || style="background:#CFF;" | 3 || style="background:lightblue;" | 03
| ETX || style="font-size:large;" | ␃ || <code>^C</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Text || fa'o bu
|-
| 000 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 004 || style="background:#CFF;" | 4 || style="background:lightblue;" | 04

| EOT || style="font-size:large;" | ␄ || <code>^D</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission || mu'o bu
|-
| 000 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 005 || style="background:#CFF;" | 5 || style="background:lightblue;" | 05

| ENQ || style="font-size:large;" | ␅ || <code>^E</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Enquiry ||
|-
| 000 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 006 || style="background:#CFF;" | 6 || style="background:lightblue;" | 06
| ACK || style="font-size:large;" | ␆ || <code>^F</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Acknowledgment || je'e bu
|-
| 000 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 007 || style="background:#CFF;" | 7 || style="background:lightblue;" | 07
| BEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␇ || <code>^G</code> || <code>\a</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Bell ||
|-
| 000 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 010 || style="background:#CFF;" | 8 || style="background:lightblue;" | 08
| BS || style="font-size:large;" | ␈ || <code>^H</code> || <code>\b</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Backspace{{Efn|The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"}} ||fa'e bu
|-
| 000 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 011 || style="background:#CFF;" | 9 || style="background:lightblue;" | 09
| HT || style="font-size:large;" | ␉ || <code>^I</code> || <code>\t</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Horizontal Tab{{Efn|The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Tab}} key on most systems.}} || sepli bu
|-
| 000 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 012 || style="background:#CFF;" | 10 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0A
| LF || style="font-size:large;" | ␊ || <code>^J</code> || <code>\n</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Line feed || linji bu
|-
| 000 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 013 || style="background:#CFF;" | 11 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0B
| VT || style="font-size:large;" | ␋ || <code>^K</code> || <code>\v</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Vertical Tab ||
|-
| 000 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 014 || style="background:#CFF;" | 12 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0C
| FF || style="font-size:large;" | ␌ || <code>^L</code> || <code>\f</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Form feed ||
|-
| 000 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 015 || style="background:#CFF;" | 13 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0D
| CR || style="font-size:large;" | ␍ || <code>^M</code> || <code>\r</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Carriage return{{Efn|The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Enter}} or {{Keypress|Return}} key on most systems.}} || ni'o bu
|-
| 000 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 016 || style="background:#CFF;" | 14 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0E
| SO || style="font-size:large;" | ␎ || <code>^N</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift Out ||
|-
| 000 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 017 || style="background:#CFF;" | 15 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0F
| SI || style="font-size:large;" | ␏ || <code>^O</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift In ||
|-
| 001 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 020 || style="background:#CFF;" | 16 || style="background:lightblue;" | 10
| DLE || style="font-size:large;" | ␐ || <code>^P</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Data Link Escape ||
|-
| 001 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 021 || style="background:#CFF;" | 17 || style="background:lightblue;" | 11
| DC1 || style="font-size:large;" | ␑ || <code>^Q</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 1 (oft. XON) ||
|-
| 001 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 022 || style="background:#CFF;" | 18 || style="background:lightblue;" | 12
| DC2 || style="font-size:large;" | ␒ || <code>^R</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 2 ||
|-
| 001 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 023 || style="background:#CFF;" | 19 || style="background:lightblue;" | 13
| DC3 || style="font-size:large;" | ␓ || <code>^S</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) ||
|-
| 001 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 024 || style="background:#CFF;" | 20 || style="background:lightblue;" | 14
| DC4 || style="font-size:large;" | ␔ || <code>^T</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 4 ||
|-
| 001 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 025 || style="background:#CFF;" | 21 || style="background:lightblue;" | 15
| NAK || style="font-size:large;" | ␕ || <code>^U</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Negative Acknowledgment ||
|-
| 001 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 026 || style="background:#CFF;" | 22 || style="background:lightblue;" | 16
| SYN || style="font-size:large;" | ␖ || <code>^V</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Synchronous idle ||
|-
| 001 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 027 || style="background:#CFF;" | 23 || style="background:lightblue;" | 17
| ETB || style="font-size:large;" | ␗ || <code>^W</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission Block ||
|-
| 001 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 030 || style="background:#CFF;" | 24 || style="background:lightblue;" | 18
| CAN || style="font-size:large;" | ␘ || <code>^X</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Cancel ||
|-
| 001 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 031 || style="background:#CFF;" | 25 || style="background:lightblue;" | 19
| EM || style="font-size:large;" | ␙ || <code>^Y</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Medium ||
|-
| 001 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 032 || style="background:#CFF;" | 26 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1A
| SUB || style="font-size:large;" | ␚ || <code>^Z</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Substitute ||
|-
| 001 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 033 || style="background:#CFF;" | 27 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1B
| ESC || style="font-size:large;" | ␛ || <code>^<nowiki>[</nowiki></code> || <code>\e</code>{{Efn|The <code>\e</code> escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including GCC.}} || style="text-align:left;" | Escape{{Efn|The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Esc}} key on some systems.}} ||
|-
| 001 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 034 || style="background:#CFF;" | 28 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1C
| FS || style="font-size:large;" | ␜ || <code>^\</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | File Separator ||
|-
| 001 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 035 || style="background:#CFF;" | 29 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1D
| GS || style="font-size:large;" | ␝ || <code>^<nowiki>]</nowiki></code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Group Separator ||
|-
| 001 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 036 || style="background:#CFF;" | 30 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1E
| RS || style="font-size:large;" | ␞ || <code>^^</code>{{Efn|^^ means {{Keypress|Ctrl|^}} (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).}} || || style="text-align:left;" | Record Separator ||
|-
| 001 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 037 || style="background:#CFF;" | 31 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1F
| US || style="font-size:large;" | ␟ || <code>^_</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Unit Separator ||
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
| 111 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 177 || style="background:#CFF;" | 127 || style="background:lightblue;" | 7F
| DEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␡ || <code>^?</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Delete{{Efn|The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"|The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "<code>^H</code>" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any {{Keypress|Delete}} key produce something other than the Delete character.}} || vimcu bu
|}

== Other letters ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|€
|ronru'u bu
|-
|¤

|rupnu bu

|}

== Example sentences ==
* lu to bu li'u bu'ivla zoi ly.(.ly.
** “to bu” is the (Lojbanic) bu-letteral of “(”.
* mi ciska la'e xy.
** I write an “x”.

==References==
<references/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
__NOTOC__

keyboard terminology

2018-05-11T11:47:01Z

Wuzzy: update links

== Useful words ==
*{{jvs|batkyci'a}} = to type
*'''batkyci'a me'o ''' ''<key as leterral>'' = to type <key as leterral>
* typewriter/computer keyboard
** {{jvs|lercu'aca'a}}. Presumably also for other keypads such as those found on touch-tone telephones, ATMs, etc.
** zo '''lerpi'o''' smudu'i ca'e to mi'e la .selkik. toi zo lercu'aca'a je cu tormau ri li'a je cu zmadu ri lo ka snameva mi

== Letters and keys ==
Letters and keys are generally represented using bu'ivla (bu-letterals):

*[[Special keyboard key names]]
*[[List of ASCII letterals]]

Talk:Special keyboard key names

2018-05-11T11:43:40Z

Wuzzy: /* Old list of proposed translations */ rewrite

Talk:List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T11:43:16Z

Wuzzy: remove special keys, have been moved to Special_keyboard_key_names

Talk:Special keyboard key names

2018-05-11T11:42:39Z

Wuzzy: move old discussion from ASCII page

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T11:34:59Z

Wuzzy: move link

This page is a list of all ASCII characters and their Lojbanic bu'ivla (bu-letterals). For the special keys on keyboards, see [[Special keyboard key names]].

==ASCII printable code chart==
{{See_also|Capitals as letter names}}

{| style="background:none; text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|010 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 040 || style="background:#cff;"| 32 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 20 || {{small|(space)}} || canlu bu
|-
|010 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 041 || style="background:#cff;"| 33 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 21 || ! || sai bu
|-
|010 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 042 || style="background:#cff;"| 34 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 22 || " || sitna bu
|-
|010 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 043 || style="background:#cff;"| 35 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 23 || # || li bu
|-
|010 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 044 || style="background:#cff;"| 36 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 24 || $ || rupnusudu bu
|-
|010 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 045 || style="background:#cff;"| 37 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 25 || % || ce'i bu
|-
|010 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 046 || style="background:#cff;"| 38 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 26 || & || je bu
|-
|010 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 047 || style="background:#cff;"| 39 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 27 || ' || y'y
|-
|010 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 050 || style="background:#cff;"| 40 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 28 || ( || to bu
|-
|010 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 051 || style="background:#cff;"| 41 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 29 || ) || toi bu
|-
|010 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 052 || style="background:#cff;"| 42 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2A || * || pi'i bu
|-
|010 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 053 || style="background:#cff;"| 43 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2B || + || su'i bu
|-
|010 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 054 || style="background:#cff;"| 44 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2C || , || slaka bu
|-
|010 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 055 || style="background:#cff;"| 45 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2D || - || vu'u bu
|-
|010 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 056 || style="background:#cff;"| 46 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2E || . || denpa bu
|-
|010 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 057 || style="background:#cff;"| 47 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2F || / || fe'i bu
|-
|011 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 060 || style="background:#cff;"| 48 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 30 || 0 ||no bu
|-
|011 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 061 || style="background:#cff;"| 49 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 31 || 1 ||pa bu
|-
|011 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 062 || style="background:#cff;"| 50 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 32 || 2 ||re bu
|-
|011 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 063 || style="background:#cff;"| 51 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 33 || 3 ||ci bu
|-
|011 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 064 || style="background:#cff;"| 52 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 34 || 4 ||vo bu
|-
|011 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 065 || style="background:#cff;"| 53 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 35 || 5 ||mu bu
|-
|011 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 066 || style="background:#cff;"| 54 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 36 || 6 ||xa bu
|-
|011 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 067 || style="background:#cff;"| 55 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 37 || 7 ||ze bu
|-
|011 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 070 || style="background:#cff;"| 56 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 38 || 8 ||bi bu
|-
|011 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 071 || style="background:#cff;"| 57 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 39 || 9 ||so bu
|-
|011 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 072 || style="background:#cff;"| 58 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3A || : || zo'u bu
|-
|011 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 073 || style="background:#cff;"| 59 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3B || ; || vau bu
|-
|011 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 074 || style="background:#cff;"| 60 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3C || < || me'i bu
|-
|011 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 075 || style="background:#cff;"| 61 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3D || = || du bu
|-
|011 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 076 || style="background:#cff;"| 62 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3E || > || za'u bu
|-
|011 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 077 || style="background:#cff;"| 63 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3F || ? || pau bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|100 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 100 || style="background:#cff;"| 64 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 40 || @ || bu'u bu
|-
|100 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 101 || style="background:#cff;"| 65 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 41 || A || tau a bu
|-
|100 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 102 || style="background:#cff;"| 66 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 42 || B || tau by
|-
|100 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 103 || style="background:#cff;"| 67 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 43 || C || tau cy
|-
|100 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 104 || style="background:#cff;"| 68 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 44 || D || tau dy
|-
|100 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 105 || style="background:#cff;"| 69 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 45 || E || tau e bu
|-
|100 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 106 || style="background:#cff;"| 70 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 46 || F || tau fy
|-
|100 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 107 || style="background:#cff;"| 71 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 47 || G || tau gy
|-
|100 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 110 || style="background:#cff;"| 72 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 48 || H || tau y'y bu
|-
|100 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 111 || style="background:#cff;"| 73 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 49 || I || tau i bu
|-
|100 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 112 || style="background:#cff;"| 74 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4A || J || tau jy
|-
|100 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 113 || style="background:#cff;"| 75 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4B || K || tau ky
|-
|100 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 114 || style="background:#cff;"| 76 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4C || L || tau ly
|-
|100 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 115 || style="background:#cff;"| 77 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4D || M || tau my
|-
|100 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 116 || style="background:#cff;"| 78 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4E || N || tau ny
|-
|100 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 117 || style="background:#cff;"| 79 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4F || O || tau o bu
|-
|101 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 120 || style="background:#cff;"| 80 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 50 || P || tau py
|-
|101 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 121 || style="background:#cff;"| 81 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 51 || Q || tau ky bu
|-
|101 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 122 || style="background:#cff;"| 82 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 52 || R || tau ry
|-
|101 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 123 || style="background:#cff;"| 83 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 53 || S || tau sy
|-
|101 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 124 || style="background:#cff;"| 84 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 54 || T || tau ty
|-
|101 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 125 || style="background:#cff;"| 85 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 55 || U || tau u bu
|-
|101 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 126 || style="background:#cff;"| 86 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 56 || V || tau vy
|-
|101 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 127 || style="background:#cff;"| 87 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 57 || W || tau vy bu
|-
|101 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 130 || style="background:#cff;"| 88 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 58 || X || tau xy
|-
|101 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 131 || style="background:#cff;"| 89 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 59 || Y || tau y bu
|-
|101 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 132 || style="background:#cff;"| 90 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5A || Z || tau zy
|-
|101 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 133 || style="background:#cff;"| 91 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5B || <nowiki>[</nowiki> || vei bu
|-
|101 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 134 || style="background:#cff;"| 92 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5C || \ || lu'e bu
|-
|101 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 135 || style="background:#cff;"| 93 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5D || <nowiki>]</nowiki> || ve'o bu
|-
|101 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 136 || style="background:#cff;"| 94 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5E || ^ || te'a bu
|-
|101 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 137 || style="background:#cff;"| 95 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5F || _ || dizlo bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|110 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 140 || style="background:#cff;"| 96 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 60 || ` || zukte bu
|-
|110 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 141 || style="background:#cff;"| 97 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 61 || a ||a bu
|-
|110 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 142 || style="background:#cff;"| 98 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 62 || b ||by
|-
|110 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 143 || style="background:#cff;"| 99 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 63 || c ||cy
|-
|110 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 144 || style="background:#cff;"| 100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 64 || d ||dy
|-
|110 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 145 || style="background:#cff;"| 101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 65 || e ||e bu
|-
|110 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 146 || style="background:#cff;"| 102 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 66 || f ||fy
|-
|110 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 147 || style="background:#cff;"| 103 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 67 || g ||gy
|-
|110 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 150 || style="background:#cff;"| 104 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 68 || h ||y'y bu
|-
|110 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 151 || style="background:#cff;"| 105 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 69 || i ||i bu
|-
|110 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 152 || style="background:#cff;"| 106 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6A || j ||jy
|-
|110 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 153 || style="background:#cff;"| 107 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6B || k ||ky
|-
|110 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 154 || style="background:#cff;"| 108 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6C || l ||ly
|-
|110 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 155 || style="background:#cff;"| 109 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6D || m ||my
|-
|110 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 156 || style="background:#cff;"| 110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6E || n ||ny
|-
|110 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 157 || style="background:#cff;"| 111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6F || o ||o bu
|-
|111 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 160 || style="background:#cff;"| 112 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 70 || p ||py
|-
|111 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 161 || style="background:#cff;"| 113 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 71 || q ||ky bu
|-
|111 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 162 || style="background:#cff;"| 114 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 72 || r ||ry
|-
|111 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 163 || style="background:#cff;"| 115 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 73 || s ||sy
|-
|111 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 164 || style="background:#cff;"| 116 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 74 || t ||ty
|-
|111 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 165 || style="background:#cff;"| 117 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 75 || u ||u bu
|-
|111 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 166 || style="background:#cff;"| 118 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 76 || v ||vy
|-
|111 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 167 || style="background:#cff;"| 119 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 77 || w ||vy bu
|-
|111 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 170 || style="background:#cff;"| 120 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 78 || x ||xy
|-
|111 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 171 || style="background:#cff;"| 121 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 79 || y ||y bu
|-
|111 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 172 || style="background:#cff;"| 122 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7A || z ||zy
|-
|111 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 173 || style="background:#cff;"| 123 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7B || { || lu'i bu
|-
|111 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 174 || style="background:#cff;"| 124 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7C || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || sraji bu
|-
|111 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 175 || style="background:#cff;"| 125 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7D || } || lu'u bu
|-
|111 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 176 || style="background:#cff;"| 126 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7E || ~ || ji'i bu
|}
|}

==ASCII control code chart==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Binary !! Octal !! Decimal !! Hexadecimal !! Abbreviation !! Print form{{Efn|The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended func. Some browsers may not display these properly.}} !! Caret notation{{Efn|Caret notation is often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the {{Keypress|Ctrl}} key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance <code>^@</code> may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.}} !! Escape code{{Efn|Character escape codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).}} !! Name !! Lojban
|-
| 000 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 000 || style="background:#CFF;" | 0 || style="background:lightblue;" | 00
| NUL || style="font-size:large;" | ␀ || <code>^@</code> || <code>\0</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Null character || kunti bu
|-
| 000 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 001 || style="background:#CFF;" | 1 || style="background:lightblue;" | 01
| SOH || style="font-size:large;" | ␁ || <code>^A</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Header ||
|-
| 000 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 002 || style="background:#CFF;" | 2 || style="background:lightblue;" | 02
| STX || style="font-size:large;" | ␂ || <code>^B</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Text ||
|-
| 000 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 003 || style="background:#CFF;" | 3 || style="background:lightblue;" | 03
| ETX || style="font-size:large;" | ␃ || <code>^C</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Text || fa'o bu
|-
| 000 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 004 || style="background:#CFF;" | 4 || style="background:lightblue;" | 04

| EOT || style="font-size:large;" | ␄ || <code>^D</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission || mu'o bu
|-
| 000 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 005 || style="background:#CFF;" | 5 || style="background:lightblue;" | 05

| ENQ || style="font-size:large;" | ␅ || <code>^E</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Enquiry ||
|-
| 000 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 006 || style="background:#CFF;" | 6 || style="background:lightblue;" | 06
| ACK || style="font-size:large;" | ␆ || <code>^F</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Acknowledgment || je'e bu
|-
| 000 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 007 || style="background:#CFF;" | 7 || style="background:lightblue;" | 07
| BEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␇ || <code>^G</code> || <code>\a</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Bell ||
|-
| 000 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 010 || style="background:#CFF;" | 8 || style="background:lightblue;" | 08
| BS || style="font-size:large;" | ␈ || <code>^H</code> || <code>\b</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Backspace{{Efn|The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"}} ||fa'e bu
|-
| 000 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 011 || style="background:#CFF;" | 9 || style="background:lightblue;" | 09
| HT || style="font-size:large;" | ␉ || <code>^I</code> || <code>\t</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Horizontal Tab{{Efn|The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Tab}} key on most systems.}} || sepli bu
|-
| 000 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 012 || style="background:#CFF;" | 10 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0A
| LF || style="font-size:large;" | ␊ || <code>^J</code> || <code>\n</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Line feed || linji bu
|-
| 000 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 013 || style="background:#CFF;" | 11 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0B
| VT || style="font-size:large;" | ␋ || <code>^K</code> || <code>\v</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Vertical Tab ||
|-
| 000 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 014 || style="background:#CFF;" | 12 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0C
| FF || style="font-size:large;" | ␌ || <code>^L</code> || <code>\f</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Form feed ||
|-
| 000 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 015 || style="background:#CFF;" | 13 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0D
| CR || style="font-size:large;" | ␍ || <code>^M</code> || <code>\r</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Carriage return{{Efn|The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Enter}} or {{Keypress|Return}} key on most systems.}} || ni'o bu
|-
| 000 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 016 || style="background:#CFF;" | 14 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0E
| SO || style="font-size:large;" | ␎ || <code>^N</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift Out ||
|-
| 000 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 017 || style="background:#CFF;" | 15 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0F
| SI || style="font-size:large;" | ␏ || <code>^O</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift In ||
|-
| 001 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 020 || style="background:#CFF;" | 16 || style="background:lightblue;" | 10
| DLE || style="font-size:large;" | ␐ || <code>^P</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Data Link Escape ||
|-
| 001 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 021 || style="background:#CFF;" | 17 || style="background:lightblue;" | 11
| DC1 || style="font-size:large;" | ␑ || <code>^Q</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 1 (oft. XON) ||
|-
| 001 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 022 || style="background:#CFF;" | 18 || style="background:lightblue;" | 12
| DC2 || style="font-size:large;" | ␒ || <code>^R</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 2 ||
|-
| 001 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 023 || style="background:#CFF;" | 19 || style="background:lightblue;" | 13
| DC3 || style="font-size:large;" | ␓ || <code>^S</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) ||
|-
| 001 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 024 || style="background:#CFF;" | 20 || style="background:lightblue;" | 14
| DC4 || style="font-size:large;" | ␔ || <code>^T</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 4 ||
|-
| 001 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 025 || style="background:#CFF;" | 21 || style="background:lightblue;" | 15
| NAK || style="font-size:large;" | ␕ || <code>^U</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Negative Acknowledgment ||
|-
| 001 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 026 || style="background:#CFF;" | 22 || style="background:lightblue;" | 16
| SYN || style="font-size:large;" | ␖ || <code>^V</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Synchronous idle ||
|-
| 001 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 027 || style="background:#CFF;" | 23 || style="background:lightblue;" | 17
| ETB || style="font-size:large;" | ␗ || <code>^W</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission Block ||
|-
| 001 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 030 || style="background:#CFF;" | 24 || style="background:lightblue;" | 18
| CAN || style="font-size:large;" | ␘ || <code>^X</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Cancel ||
|-
| 001 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 031 || style="background:#CFF;" | 25 || style="background:lightblue;" | 19
| EM || style="font-size:large;" | ␙ || <code>^Y</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Medium ||
|-
| 001 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 032 || style="background:#CFF;" | 26 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1A
| SUB || style="font-size:large;" | ␚ || <code>^Z</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Substitute ||
|-
| 001 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 033 || style="background:#CFF;" | 27 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1B
| ESC || style="font-size:large;" | ␛ || <code>^<nowiki>[</nowiki></code> || <code>\e</code>{{Efn|The <code>\e</code> escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including GCC.}} || style="text-align:left;" | Escape{{Efn|The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Esc}} key on some systems.}} ||
|-
| 001 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 034 || style="background:#CFF;" | 28 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1C
| FS || style="font-size:large;" | ␜ || <code>^\</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | File Separator ||
|-
| 001 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 035 || style="background:#CFF;" | 29 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1D
| GS || style="font-size:large;" | ␝ || <code>^<nowiki>]</nowiki></code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Group Separator ||
|-
| 001 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 036 || style="background:#CFF;" | 30 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1E
| RS || style="font-size:large;" | ␞ || <code>^^</code>{{Efn|^^ means {{Keypress|Ctrl|^}} (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).}} || || style="text-align:left;" | Record Separator ||
|-
| 001 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 037 || style="background:#CFF;" | 31 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1F
| US || style="font-size:large;" | ␟ || <code>^_</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Unit Separator ||
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
| 111 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 177 || style="background:#CFF;" | 127 || style="background:lightblue;" | 7F
| DEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␡ || <code>^?</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Delete{{Efn|The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"|The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "<code>^H</code>" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any {{Keypress|Delete}} key produce something other than the Delete character.}} || vimcu bu
|}

== Other letters ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|€
|ronru'u bu
|-
|¤

|rupnu bu

|}

==References==
<references/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
__NOTOC__

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T11:34:26Z

Wuzzy: add link

This page is a list of all ASCII characters and their Lojbanic bu'ivla (bu-letterals). For the special keys on keyboards, see [[Special keyboard key names]].

==ASCII printable code chart==
{| style="background:none; text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|010 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 040 || style="background:#cff;"| 32 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 20 || {{small|(space)}} || canlu bu
|-
|010 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 041 || style="background:#cff;"| 33 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 21 || ! || sai bu
|-
|010 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 042 || style="background:#cff;"| 34 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 22 || " || sitna bu
|-
|010 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 043 || style="background:#cff;"| 35 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 23 || # || li bu
|-
|010 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 044 || style="background:#cff;"| 36 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 24 || $ || rupnusudu bu
|-
|010 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 045 || style="background:#cff;"| 37 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 25 || % || ce'i bu
|-
|010 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 046 || style="background:#cff;"| 38 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 26 || & || je bu
|-
|010 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 047 || style="background:#cff;"| 39 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 27 || ' || y'y
|-
|010 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 050 || style="background:#cff;"| 40 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 28 || ( || to bu
|-
|010 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 051 || style="background:#cff;"| 41 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 29 || ) || toi bu
|-
|010 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 052 || style="background:#cff;"| 42 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2A || * || pi'i bu
|-
|010 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 053 || style="background:#cff;"| 43 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2B || + || su'i bu
|-
|010 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 054 || style="background:#cff;"| 44 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2C || , || slaka bu
|-
|010 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 055 || style="background:#cff;"| 45 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2D || - || vu'u bu
|-
|010 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 056 || style="background:#cff;"| 46 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2E || . || denpa bu
|-
|010 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 057 || style="background:#cff;"| 47 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2F || / || fe'i bu
|-
|011 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 060 || style="background:#cff;"| 48 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 30 || 0 ||no bu
|-
|011 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 061 || style="background:#cff;"| 49 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 31 || 1 ||pa bu
|-
|011 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 062 || style="background:#cff;"| 50 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 32 || 2 ||re bu
|-
|011 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 063 || style="background:#cff;"| 51 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 33 || 3 ||ci bu
|-
|011 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 064 || style="background:#cff;"| 52 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 34 || 4 ||vo bu
|-
|011 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 065 || style="background:#cff;"| 53 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 35 || 5 ||mu bu
|-
|011 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 066 || style="background:#cff;"| 54 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 36 || 6 ||xa bu
|-
|011 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 067 || style="background:#cff;"| 55 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 37 || 7 ||ze bu
|-
|011 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 070 || style="background:#cff;"| 56 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 38 || 8 ||bi bu
|-
|011 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 071 || style="background:#cff;"| 57 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 39 || 9 ||so bu
|-
|011 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 072 || style="background:#cff;"| 58 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3A || : || zo'u bu
|-
|011 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 073 || style="background:#cff;"| 59 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3B || ; || vau bu
|-
|011 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 074 || style="background:#cff;"| 60 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3C || < || me'i bu
|-
|011 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 075 || style="background:#cff;"| 61 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3D || = || du bu
|-
|011 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 076 || style="background:#cff;"| 62 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3E || > || za'u bu
|-
|011 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 077 || style="background:#cff;"| 63 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3F || ? || pau bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|100 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 100 || style="background:#cff;"| 64 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 40 || @ || bu'u bu
|-
|100 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 101 || style="background:#cff;"| 65 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 41 || A || tau a bu
|-
|100 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 102 || style="background:#cff;"| 66 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 42 || B || tau by
|-
|100 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 103 || style="background:#cff;"| 67 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 43 || C || tau cy
|-
|100 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 104 || style="background:#cff;"| 68 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 44 || D || tau dy
|-
|100 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 105 || style="background:#cff;"| 69 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 45 || E || tau e bu
|-
|100 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 106 || style="background:#cff;"| 70 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 46 || F || tau fy
|-
|100 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 107 || style="background:#cff;"| 71 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 47 || G || tau gy
|-
|100 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 110 || style="background:#cff;"| 72 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 48 || H || tau y'y bu
|-
|100 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 111 || style="background:#cff;"| 73 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 49 || I || tau i bu
|-
|100 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 112 || style="background:#cff;"| 74 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4A || J || tau jy
|-
|100 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 113 || style="background:#cff;"| 75 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4B || K || tau ky
|-
|100 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 114 || style="background:#cff;"| 76 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4C || L || tau ly
|-
|100 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 115 || style="background:#cff;"| 77 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4D || M || tau my
|-
|100 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 116 || style="background:#cff;"| 78 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4E || N || tau ny
|-
|100 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 117 || style="background:#cff;"| 79 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4F || O || tau o bu
|-
|101 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 120 || style="background:#cff;"| 80 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 50 || P || tau py
|-
|101 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 121 || style="background:#cff;"| 81 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 51 || Q || tau ky bu
|-
|101 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 122 || style="background:#cff;"| 82 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 52 || R || tau ry
|-
|101 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 123 || style="background:#cff;"| 83 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 53 || S || tau sy
|-
|101 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 124 || style="background:#cff;"| 84 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 54 || T || tau ty
|-
|101 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 125 || style="background:#cff;"| 85 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 55 || U || tau u bu
|-
|101 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 126 || style="background:#cff;"| 86 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 56 || V || tau vy
|-
|101 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 127 || style="background:#cff;"| 87 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 57 || W || tau vy bu
|-
|101 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 130 || style="background:#cff;"| 88 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 58 || X || tau xy
|-
|101 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 131 || style="background:#cff;"| 89 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 59 || Y || tau y bu
|-
|101 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 132 || style="background:#cff;"| 90 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5A || Z || tau zy
|-
|101 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 133 || style="background:#cff;"| 91 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5B || <nowiki>[</nowiki> || vei bu
|-
|101 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 134 || style="background:#cff;"| 92 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5C || \ || lu'e bu
|-
|101 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 135 || style="background:#cff;"| 93 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5D || <nowiki>]</nowiki> || ve'o bu
|-
|101 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 136 || style="background:#cff;"| 94 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5E || ^ || te'a bu
|-
|101 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 137 || style="background:#cff;"| 95 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5F || _ || dizlo bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|110 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 140 || style="background:#cff;"| 96 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 60 || ` || zukte bu
|-
|110 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 141 || style="background:#cff;"| 97 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 61 || a ||a bu
|-
|110 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 142 || style="background:#cff;"| 98 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 62 || b ||by
|-
|110 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 143 || style="background:#cff;"| 99 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 63 || c ||cy
|-
|110 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 144 || style="background:#cff;"| 100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 64 || d ||dy
|-
|110 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 145 || style="background:#cff;"| 101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 65 || e ||e bu
|-
|110 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 146 || style="background:#cff;"| 102 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 66 || f ||fy
|-
|110 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 147 || style="background:#cff;"| 103 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 67 || g ||gy
|-
|110 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 150 || style="background:#cff;"| 104 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 68 || h ||y'y bu
|-
|110 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 151 || style="background:#cff;"| 105 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 69 || i ||i bu
|-
|110 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 152 || style="background:#cff;"| 106 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6A || j ||jy
|-
|110 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 153 || style="background:#cff;"| 107 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6B || k ||ky
|-
|110 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 154 || style="background:#cff;"| 108 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6C || l ||ly
|-
|110 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 155 || style="background:#cff;"| 109 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6D || m ||my
|-
|110 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 156 || style="background:#cff;"| 110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6E || n ||ny
|-
|110 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 157 || style="background:#cff;"| 111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6F || o ||o bu
|-
|111 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 160 || style="background:#cff;"| 112 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 70 || p ||py
|-
|111 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 161 || style="background:#cff;"| 113 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 71 || q ||ky bu
|-
|111 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 162 || style="background:#cff;"| 114 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 72 || r ||ry
|-
|111 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 163 || style="background:#cff;"| 115 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 73 || s ||sy
|-
|111 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 164 || style="background:#cff;"| 116 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 74 || t ||ty
|-
|111 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 165 || style="background:#cff;"| 117 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 75 || u ||u bu
|-
|111 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 166 || style="background:#cff;"| 118 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 76 || v ||vy
|-
|111 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 167 || style="background:#cff;"| 119 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 77 || w ||vy bu
|-
|111 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 170 || style="background:#cff;"| 120 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 78 || x ||xy
|-
|111 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 171 || style="background:#cff;"| 121 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 79 || y ||y bu
|-
|111 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 172 || style="background:#cff;"| 122 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7A || z ||zy
|-
|111 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 173 || style="background:#cff;"| 123 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7B || { || lu'i bu
|-
|111 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 174 || style="background:#cff;"| 124 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7C || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || sraji bu
|-
|111 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 175 || style="background:#cff;"| 125 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7D || } || lu'u bu
|-
|111 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 176 || style="background:#cff;"| 126 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7E || ~ || ji'i bu
|}
|}

==ASCII control code chart==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Binary !! Octal !! Decimal !! Hexadecimal !! Abbreviation !! Print form{{Efn|The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended func. Some browsers may not display these properly.}} !! Caret notation{{Efn|Caret notation is often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the {{Keypress|Ctrl}} key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance <code>^@</code> may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.}} !! Escape code{{Efn|Character escape codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).}} !! Name !! Lojban
|-
| 000 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 000 || style="background:#CFF;" | 0 || style="background:lightblue;" | 00
| NUL || style="font-size:large;" | ␀ || <code>^@</code> || <code>\0</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Null character || kunti bu
|-
| 000 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 001 || style="background:#CFF;" | 1 || style="background:lightblue;" | 01
| SOH || style="font-size:large;" | ␁ || <code>^A</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Header ||
|-
| 000 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 002 || style="background:#CFF;" | 2 || style="background:lightblue;" | 02
| STX || style="font-size:large;" | ␂ || <code>^B</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Text ||
|-
| 000 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 003 || style="background:#CFF;" | 3 || style="background:lightblue;" | 03
| ETX || style="font-size:large;" | ␃ || <code>^C</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Text || fa'o bu
|-
| 000 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 004 || style="background:#CFF;" | 4 || style="background:lightblue;" | 04

| EOT || style="font-size:large;" | ␄ || <code>^D</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission || mu'o bu
|-
| 000 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 005 || style="background:#CFF;" | 5 || style="background:lightblue;" | 05

| ENQ || style="font-size:large;" | ␅ || <code>^E</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Enquiry ||
|-
| 000 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 006 || style="background:#CFF;" | 6 || style="background:lightblue;" | 06
| ACK || style="font-size:large;" | ␆ || <code>^F</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Acknowledgment || je'e bu
|-
| 000 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 007 || style="background:#CFF;" | 7 || style="background:lightblue;" | 07
| BEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␇ || <code>^G</code> || <code>\a</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Bell ||
|-
| 000 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 010 || style="background:#CFF;" | 8 || style="background:lightblue;" | 08
| BS || style="font-size:large;" | ␈ || <code>^H</code> || <code>\b</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Backspace{{Efn|The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"}} ||fa'e bu
|-
| 000 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 011 || style="background:#CFF;" | 9 || style="background:lightblue;" | 09
| HT || style="font-size:large;" | ␉ || <code>^I</code> || <code>\t</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Horizontal Tab{{Efn|The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Tab}} key on most systems.}} || sepli bu
|-
| 000 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 012 || style="background:#CFF;" | 10 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0A
| LF || style="font-size:large;" | ␊ || <code>^J</code> || <code>\n</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Line feed || linji bu
|-
| 000 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 013 || style="background:#CFF;" | 11 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0B
| VT || style="font-size:large;" | ␋ || <code>^K</code> || <code>\v</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Vertical Tab ||
|-
| 000 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 014 || style="background:#CFF;" | 12 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0C
| FF || style="font-size:large;" | ␌ || <code>^L</code> || <code>\f</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Form feed ||
|-
| 000 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 015 || style="background:#CFF;" | 13 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0D
| CR || style="font-size:large;" | ␍ || <code>^M</code> || <code>\r</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Carriage return{{Efn|The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Enter}} or {{Keypress|Return}} key on most systems.}} || ni'o bu
|-
| 000 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 016 || style="background:#CFF;" | 14 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0E
| SO || style="font-size:large;" | ␎ || <code>^N</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift Out ||
|-
| 000 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 017 || style="background:#CFF;" | 15 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0F
| SI || style="font-size:large;" | ␏ || <code>^O</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift In ||
|-
| 001 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 020 || style="background:#CFF;" | 16 || style="background:lightblue;" | 10
| DLE || style="font-size:large;" | ␐ || <code>^P</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Data Link Escape ||
|-
| 001 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 021 || style="background:#CFF;" | 17 || style="background:lightblue;" | 11
| DC1 || style="font-size:large;" | ␑ || <code>^Q</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 1 (oft. XON) ||
|-
| 001 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 022 || style="background:#CFF;" | 18 || style="background:lightblue;" | 12
| DC2 || style="font-size:large;" | ␒ || <code>^R</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 2 ||
|-
| 001 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 023 || style="background:#CFF;" | 19 || style="background:lightblue;" | 13
| DC3 || style="font-size:large;" | ␓ || <code>^S</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) ||
|-
| 001 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 024 || style="background:#CFF;" | 20 || style="background:lightblue;" | 14
| DC4 || style="font-size:large;" | ␔ || <code>^T</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 4 ||
|-
| 001 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 025 || style="background:#CFF;" | 21 || style="background:lightblue;" | 15
| NAK || style="font-size:large;" | ␕ || <code>^U</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Negative Acknowledgment ||
|-
| 001 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 026 || style="background:#CFF;" | 22 || style="background:lightblue;" | 16
| SYN || style="font-size:large;" | ␖ || <code>^V</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Synchronous idle ||
|-
| 001 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 027 || style="background:#CFF;" | 23 || style="background:lightblue;" | 17
| ETB || style="font-size:large;" | ␗ || <code>^W</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission Block ||
|-
| 001 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 030 || style="background:#CFF;" | 24 || style="background:lightblue;" | 18
| CAN || style="font-size:large;" | ␘ || <code>^X</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Cancel ||
|-
| 001 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 031 || style="background:#CFF;" | 25 || style="background:lightblue;" | 19
| EM || style="font-size:large;" | ␙ || <code>^Y</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Medium ||
|-
| 001 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 032 || style="background:#CFF;" | 26 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1A
| SUB || style="font-size:large;" | ␚ || <code>^Z</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Substitute ||
|-
| 001 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 033 || style="background:#CFF;" | 27 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1B
| ESC || style="font-size:large;" | ␛ || <code>^<nowiki>[</nowiki></code> || <code>\e</code>{{Efn|The <code>\e</code> escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including GCC.}} || style="text-align:left;" | Escape{{Efn|The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Esc}} key on some systems.}} ||
|-
| 001 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 034 || style="background:#CFF;" | 28 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1C
| FS || style="font-size:large;" | ␜ || <code>^\</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | File Separator ||
|-
| 001 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 035 || style="background:#CFF;" | 29 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1D
| GS || style="font-size:large;" | ␝ || <code>^<nowiki>]</nowiki></code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Group Separator ||
|-
| 001 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 036 || style="background:#CFF;" | 30 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1E
| RS || style="font-size:large;" | ␞ || <code>^^</code>{{Efn|^^ means {{Keypress|Ctrl|^}} (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).}} || || style="text-align:left;" | Record Separator ||
|-
| 001 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 037 || style="background:#CFF;" | 31 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1F
| US || style="font-size:large;" | ␟ || <code>^_</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Unit Separator ||
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
| 111 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 177 || style="background:#CFF;" | 127 || style="background:lightblue;" | 7F
| DEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␡ || <code>^?</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Delete{{Efn|The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"|The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "<code>^H</code>" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any {{Keypress|Delete}} key produce something other than the Delete character.}} || vimcu bu
|}

{{See_also|Capitals as letter names}}

== Other letters ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|€
|ronru'u bu
|-
|¤

|rupnu bu

|}

==References==
<references/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
__NOTOC__

Keyboard key names

2018-05-11T11:33:45Z

Wuzzy: rename redirect

#REDIRECT [[Special keyboard key names]]

Talk:ASCII table keys names

2018-05-11T11:32:41Z

Wuzzy: Wuzzy moved page Talk:ASCII table keys names to Talk:List of ASCII letterals: Clearer title

#REDIRECT [[Talk:List of ASCII letterals]]

Talk:List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T11:32:41Z

Wuzzy: Wuzzy moved page Talk:ASCII table keys names to Talk:List of ASCII letterals: Clearer title

* ~
** '''ji'ibu''' or '''nabu''' (this is the logical language, after all)
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** But '''nabu''' is '''¬''', isn't it?
* `
** '''zukte bu''' (used in shell script to execute command), '''grav bu''', '''zulgal bu'''
* !
** '''basna bu''' or '''caibu'''. Unfortunately '''ba'e bu''' is ungrammatical.
* @
** '''bu'u bu''' or '''judri bu''' or '''tu'i bu'''
*** mark:
**** Sort of misses the original meaning, no? Maybe something with '''jdima''' or '''vamji'''? I suppose it doesn't much matter; one meaning is as good as another. It might even depend on the context: mercantile contexts might prefer '''jdima bu'''.
*** [[la nitcion]]:
**** Mon vieux, noone even remembers the mercantile meaning anymore, and the meaning was always Anglo-specific in any case --- which is why Europeans end up calling it "the coffee scroll key" or the "monkey tail key". No, "at for email" is the only actually international meaning.
***** .aulun.:
****** In German-language countries, it was known as "Affenschaukel" (monkey see-saw) :) yet, now "at" is the modern term mainly used.
***** pne:
****** "At" from English, not "zu", right? yes; pronounced as if it were spelled "a:t" in German, or "et" in English/Lojban.
***** People took it over from English like many other terms (e.g. in the field of computing) without knowing what was it's original meaning. Yet, for those who do know, it's pretty obvious that "at" has one of the semantical shades of German "zu". One could say: "drei Pfund Butter *zu* (je) DM 10.-". Here "zu"/"at" is used in the sense of French "`a" (which, BTW, is much more common in German language: "drei Pfund Butter `a DM 10.-").
*** In Spanish it is called ''arroba'', which is an old unit of weight. Apparently from Arabic '''ar-rub' ''', meaning 'the quarter'.
*** '''ctrudel bu''' or '''titnanba bu''', maybe?
* #
** '''libu'''
* $
** '''rupnu bu''' or '''meryru'u bu'''
* €
** mark:
*** '''roprupnu bu'''? Hrm.
** [[pne|pne:]]
*** try '''ronru'u bu'''. Though perhaps the spelled out '''ropno rupnu''' might be more euphonious zo'o
* %
** '''ce'ibu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** zo'o '''carmarxa bu'''
* ^
** '''te'abu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''mapku bu''' is meaning-independent
* &
** '''joibu'''
* *
** '''pi'ibu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''tarci bu''', though I don't know about the cultural neutrality of that. There's ‘★’, too.
* (
** '''tobu'''
* )
** '''toibu'''
* -
** '''vu'ubu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''pinta bu''', again, for meaning-independence
* _
** '''jorne bu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''dizlo bu'''?
**[[la guskant]]
**: .e'u cmene fa '''xi bu'''
* +
** '''su'i bu'''
* =
** '''du bu'''
**'''dunli bu'''
* {
** '''lu'i bu'''
* }
** '''lu'u bu''' (corresponding to '''lu'ibu''')
* [
** v'''ei bu'''
* ]
** '''ve'o bu'''
*|
** '''grana bu'''
*** mark:
**** Context and meaning may be significant here too. UNIX geeks call this a pipe not just because of its shape. '''tubnu bu''' is probably a bit much, but maybe there's another brivla...
*** pier:
**** I suggest '''datnyfle bu'''
*** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
**** '''sraji bu''' .e'u
* :
** '''di'e bu''', '''zo'ubu'''
** mark, [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
*** Sometimes I think of '''zo'ubu''' for this...
** pier:
*** I think '''pi'ebu''' is the colon, rather than the semicolon.
* ;
** '''jufrypau bu''' , '''pi'e bu''' , '''kei bu'''
** pier:
*** '''jufrypau''' can be shortened to '''jufpau'''. Alternatively '''bridi bu'''.
* "
** '''lubu'''
* '
** '''.y'y.'''
* <
** '''me'i bu'''
* >
** '''za'u bu'''
* ,
** '''slaka bu'''
* .
** '''denpa bu'''
* ?
** '''xu bu''' There are a lot of other kinds of questions, maybe '''pau bu'''
** mark:
*** '''pau bu''' is probably better
* /
** '''fi'u bu'''
* \
** '''lu'e bu''' (allusion to use as escape character)
* Tab
** '''sepli bu''', '''sotkunti bu'''
* BackSpace
** '''fa'e bu'''
* Ctrl
** '''minde bu'''
* Clover
** '''flora bu'''
** '''vonpezli bu'''
* Enter
** '''linji bu'''
* Return
** '''ni'o bu'''
*** These two are the same key with different names. Why not call them both '''ni'o bu''' (since the word processing context is '''probably''' the most common)?
**** These two are not''' '''the same key with different names for all computers. Don't assume your computer is the only computer in the world.
***** I have yet to see a computer with both.
****** [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
******* You have yet to see a Macintosh, then. Consider me aggrieved. As a result: the PC Enter and Macintosh Return should be '''ni'o bu'''; the Macintosh Enter should be '''linji bu''', or perhaps '''boibu''', since it is associated with the Number Pad.
***** Where on a Macintosh keyboard do I find enter?
****** The Number Pad. And several programs expect it to have different functionality than Return.
****** pier:
******* I worked years ago on an IBM 3270 keyboard, where Enter and Return are completely different. Also line feed and carriage return are distinct.
*** Well if CR = '''ni'o bu''', does that mean that every paragraph starts out with an implicit '''ni'o'''? No more than that every instance of / corresponds to '''fi'u'''; we're using prototypical senses here, not absolute equivalences. And if you are translating running prose with paragraphs, each done by a single CR (so, with linewrapping, a la word processor), then I guess the answer is yes, anyway.
* Shift
** '''tau bu'''
* CapsLock
** '''ga'e bu'''
* Alt/Option
** '''drata bu'''
* Space
** '''kunti bu'''
* LeftArrow
** '''zu'a bu'''
* RightArrow
** '''ri'u bu'''
* UpArrow
** '''ga'u bu'''
* BottomArrow
** '''ni'a bu'''
* Insert
** '''setci bu'''
* Delete
** '''vimcu bu'''
* Esc
** '''dicra bu'''
* Home
* End
** '''fanmo bu'''?
* PgUp
* PgDown
* LineFeed
* Break
** '''sisti bu'''
* PrintScreen
* NumLock
* ScrollLock
*Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)

== Command and {minde} ==

Ctrl key was '''minde bu''' but "Cmd" on Mac is '''pezli bu'''. I suggest using for Ctrl '''jitro bu''' instead. Let's to English originals. This is ambiguity that will always emerge from using English as the source, we can't rename original keys.

== Special key names ==

I think the special key names (Ctrl, Shift, Alt, etc.) are all constructed wrong.

Usage of “bu” doesn't really make sense since this is not about ''characters'' you type in a text, but about keys.

How about giving each special key a name of the form “la <whatever>”?

E.g. “la jitro” = control. “la .uindos.” = Windows, “la fypav.” → F1, etc.

--[[User:Wuzzy|Wuzzy]] ([[User talk:Wuzzy|talk]]) 00:59, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

Ctrl, Shift, Alt are real characters but the name of the article is misleadig indeed. [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 06:52, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

ASCII table keys names

2018-05-11T11:32:41Z

Wuzzy: Wuzzy moved page ASCII table keys names to List of ASCII letterals: Clearer title

#REDIRECT [[List of ASCII letterals]]

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T11:32:41Z

Wuzzy: Wuzzy moved page ASCII table keys names to List of ASCII letterals: Clearer title

This page is a list of all ASCII characters and their Lojbanic bu'ivla (bu-letterals).

==ASCII printable code chart==
{| style="background:none; text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|010 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 040 || style="background:#cff;"| 32 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 20 || {{small|(space)}} || canlu bu
|-
|010 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 041 || style="background:#cff;"| 33 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 21 || ! || sai bu
|-
|010 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 042 || style="background:#cff;"| 34 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 22 || " || sitna bu
|-
|010 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 043 || style="background:#cff;"| 35 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 23 || # || li bu
|-
|010 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 044 || style="background:#cff;"| 36 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 24 || $ || rupnusudu bu
|-
|010 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 045 || style="background:#cff;"| 37 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 25 || % || ce'i bu
|-
|010 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 046 || style="background:#cff;"| 38 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 26 || & || je bu
|-
|010 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 047 || style="background:#cff;"| 39 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 27 || ' || y'y
|-
|010 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 050 || style="background:#cff;"| 40 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 28 || ( || to bu
|-
|010 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 051 || style="background:#cff;"| 41 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 29 || ) || toi bu
|-
|010 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 052 || style="background:#cff;"| 42 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2A || * || pi'i bu
|-
|010 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 053 || style="background:#cff;"| 43 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2B || + || su'i bu
|-
|010 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 054 || style="background:#cff;"| 44 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2C || , || slaka bu
|-
|010 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 055 || style="background:#cff;"| 45 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2D || - || vu'u bu
|-
|010 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 056 || style="background:#cff;"| 46 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2E || . || denpa bu
|-
|010 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 057 || style="background:#cff;"| 47 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2F || / || fe'i bu
|-
|011 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 060 || style="background:#cff;"| 48 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 30 || 0 ||no bu
|-
|011 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 061 || style="background:#cff;"| 49 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 31 || 1 ||pa bu
|-
|011 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 062 || style="background:#cff;"| 50 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 32 || 2 ||re bu
|-
|011 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 063 || style="background:#cff;"| 51 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 33 || 3 ||ci bu
|-
|011 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 064 || style="background:#cff;"| 52 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 34 || 4 ||vo bu
|-
|011 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 065 || style="background:#cff;"| 53 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 35 || 5 ||mu bu
|-
|011 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 066 || style="background:#cff;"| 54 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 36 || 6 ||xa bu
|-
|011 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 067 || style="background:#cff;"| 55 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 37 || 7 ||ze bu
|-
|011 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 070 || style="background:#cff;"| 56 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 38 || 8 ||bi bu
|-
|011 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 071 || style="background:#cff;"| 57 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 39 || 9 ||so bu
|-
|011 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 072 || style="background:#cff;"| 58 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3A || : || zo'u bu
|-
|011 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 073 || style="background:#cff;"| 59 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3B || ; || vau bu
|-
|011 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 074 || style="background:#cff;"| 60 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3C || < || me'i bu
|-
|011 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 075 || style="background:#cff;"| 61 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3D || = || du bu
|-
|011 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 076 || style="background:#cff;"| 62 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3E || > || za'u bu
|-
|011 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 077 || style="background:#cff;"| 63 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3F || ? || pau bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|100 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 100 || style="background:#cff;"| 64 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 40 || @ || bu'u bu
|-
|100 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 101 || style="background:#cff;"| 65 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 41 || A || tau a bu
|-
|100 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 102 || style="background:#cff;"| 66 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 42 || B || tau by
|-
|100 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 103 || style="background:#cff;"| 67 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 43 || C || tau cy
|-
|100 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 104 || style="background:#cff;"| 68 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 44 || D || tau dy
|-
|100 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 105 || style="background:#cff;"| 69 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 45 || E || tau e bu
|-
|100 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 106 || style="background:#cff;"| 70 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 46 || F || tau fy
|-
|100 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 107 || style="background:#cff;"| 71 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 47 || G || tau gy
|-
|100 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 110 || style="background:#cff;"| 72 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 48 || H || tau y'y bu
|-
|100 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 111 || style="background:#cff;"| 73 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 49 || I || tau i bu
|-
|100 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 112 || style="background:#cff;"| 74 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4A || J || tau jy
|-
|100 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 113 || style="background:#cff;"| 75 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4B || K || tau ky
|-
|100 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 114 || style="background:#cff;"| 76 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4C || L || tau ly
|-
|100 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 115 || style="background:#cff;"| 77 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4D || M || tau my
|-
|100 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 116 || style="background:#cff;"| 78 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4E || N || tau ny
|-
|100 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 117 || style="background:#cff;"| 79 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4F || O || tau o bu
|-
|101 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 120 || style="background:#cff;"| 80 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 50 || P || tau py
|-
|101 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 121 || style="background:#cff;"| 81 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 51 || Q || tau ky bu
|-
|101 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 122 || style="background:#cff;"| 82 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 52 || R || tau ry
|-
|101 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 123 || style="background:#cff;"| 83 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 53 || S || tau sy
|-
|101 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 124 || style="background:#cff;"| 84 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 54 || T || tau ty
|-
|101 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 125 || style="background:#cff;"| 85 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 55 || U || tau u bu
|-
|101 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 126 || style="background:#cff;"| 86 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 56 || V || tau vy
|-
|101 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 127 || style="background:#cff;"| 87 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 57 || W || tau vy bu
|-
|101 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 130 || style="background:#cff;"| 88 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 58 || X || tau xy
|-
|101 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 131 || style="background:#cff;"| 89 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 59 || Y || tau y bu
|-
|101 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 132 || style="background:#cff;"| 90 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5A || Z || tau zy
|-
|101 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 133 || style="background:#cff;"| 91 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5B || <nowiki>[</nowiki> || vei bu
|-
|101 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 134 || style="background:#cff;"| 92 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5C || \ || lu'e bu
|-
|101 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 135 || style="background:#cff;"| 93 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5D || <nowiki>]</nowiki> || ve'o bu
|-
|101 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 136 || style="background:#cff;"| 94 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5E || ^ || te'a bu
|-
|101 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 137 || style="background:#cff;"| 95 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5F || _ || dizlo bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|110 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 140 || style="background:#cff;"| 96 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 60 || ` || zukte bu
|-
|110 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 141 || style="background:#cff;"| 97 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 61 || a ||a bu
|-
|110 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 142 || style="background:#cff;"| 98 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 62 || b ||by
|-
|110 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 143 || style="background:#cff;"| 99 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 63 || c ||cy
|-
|110 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 144 || style="background:#cff;"| 100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 64 || d ||dy
|-
|110 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 145 || style="background:#cff;"| 101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 65 || e ||e bu
|-
|110 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 146 || style="background:#cff;"| 102 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 66 || f ||fy
|-
|110 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 147 || style="background:#cff;"| 103 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 67 || g ||gy
|-
|110 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 150 || style="background:#cff;"| 104 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 68 || h ||y'y bu
|-
|110 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 151 || style="background:#cff;"| 105 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 69 || i ||i bu
|-
|110 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 152 || style="background:#cff;"| 106 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6A || j ||jy
|-
|110 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 153 || style="background:#cff;"| 107 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6B || k ||ky
|-
|110 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 154 || style="background:#cff;"| 108 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6C || l ||ly
|-
|110 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 155 || style="background:#cff;"| 109 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6D || m ||my
|-
|110 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 156 || style="background:#cff;"| 110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6E || n ||ny
|-
|110 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 157 || style="background:#cff;"| 111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6F || o ||o bu
|-
|111 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 160 || style="background:#cff;"| 112 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 70 || p ||py
|-
|111 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 161 || style="background:#cff;"| 113 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 71 || q ||ky bu
|-
|111 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 162 || style="background:#cff;"| 114 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 72 || r ||ry
|-
|111 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 163 || style="background:#cff;"| 115 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 73 || s ||sy
|-
|111 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 164 || style="background:#cff;"| 116 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 74 || t ||ty
|-
|111 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 165 || style="background:#cff;"| 117 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 75 || u ||u bu
|-
|111 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 166 || style="background:#cff;"| 118 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 76 || v ||vy
|-
|111 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 167 || style="background:#cff;"| 119 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 77 || w ||vy bu
|-
|111 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 170 || style="background:#cff;"| 120 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 78 || x ||xy
|-
|111 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 171 || style="background:#cff;"| 121 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 79 || y ||y bu
|-
|111 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 172 || style="background:#cff;"| 122 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7A || z ||zy
|-
|111 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 173 || style="background:#cff;"| 123 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7B || { || lu'i bu
|-
|111 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 174 || style="background:#cff;"| 124 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7C || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || sraji bu
|-
|111 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 175 || style="background:#cff;"| 125 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7D || } || lu'u bu
|-
|111 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 176 || style="background:#cff;"| 126 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7E || ~ || ji'i bu
|}
|}

==ASCII control code chart==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Binary !! Octal !! Decimal !! Hexadecimal !! Abbreviation !! Print form{{Efn|The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended func. Some browsers may not display these properly.}} !! Caret notation{{Efn|Caret notation is often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the {{Keypress|Ctrl}} key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance <code>^@</code> may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.}} !! Escape code{{Efn|Character escape codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).}} !! Name !! Lojban
|-
| 000 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 000 || style="background:#CFF;" | 0 || style="background:lightblue;" | 00
| NUL || style="font-size:large;" | ␀ || <code>^@</code> || <code>\0</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Null character || kunti bu
|-
| 000 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 001 || style="background:#CFF;" | 1 || style="background:lightblue;" | 01
| SOH || style="font-size:large;" | ␁ || <code>^A</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Header ||
|-
| 000 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 002 || style="background:#CFF;" | 2 || style="background:lightblue;" | 02
| STX || style="font-size:large;" | ␂ || <code>^B</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Text ||
|-
| 000 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 003 || style="background:#CFF;" | 3 || style="background:lightblue;" | 03
| ETX || style="font-size:large;" | ␃ || <code>^C</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Text || fa'o bu
|-
| 000 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 004 || style="background:#CFF;" | 4 || style="background:lightblue;" | 04

| EOT || style="font-size:large;" | ␄ || <code>^D</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission || mu'o bu
|-
| 000 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 005 || style="background:#CFF;" | 5 || style="background:lightblue;" | 05

| ENQ || style="font-size:large;" | ␅ || <code>^E</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Enquiry ||
|-
| 000 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 006 || style="background:#CFF;" | 6 || style="background:lightblue;" | 06
| ACK || style="font-size:large;" | ␆ || <code>^F</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Acknowledgment || je'e bu
|-
| 000 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 007 || style="background:#CFF;" | 7 || style="background:lightblue;" | 07
| BEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␇ || <code>^G</code> || <code>\a</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Bell ||
|-
| 000 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 010 || style="background:#CFF;" | 8 || style="background:lightblue;" | 08
| BS || style="font-size:large;" | ␈ || <code>^H</code> || <code>\b</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Backspace{{Efn|The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"}} ||fa'e bu
|-
| 000 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 011 || style="background:#CFF;" | 9 || style="background:lightblue;" | 09
| HT || style="font-size:large;" | ␉ || <code>^I</code> || <code>\t</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Horizontal Tab{{Efn|The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Tab}} key on most systems.}} || sepli bu
|-
| 000 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 012 || style="background:#CFF;" | 10 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0A
| LF || style="font-size:large;" | ␊ || <code>^J</code> || <code>\n</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Line feed || linji bu
|-
| 000 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 013 || style="background:#CFF;" | 11 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0B
| VT || style="font-size:large;" | ␋ || <code>^K</code> || <code>\v</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Vertical Tab ||
|-
| 000 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 014 || style="background:#CFF;" | 12 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0C
| FF || style="font-size:large;" | ␌ || <code>^L</code> || <code>\f</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Form feed ||
|-
| 000 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 015 || style="background:#CFF;" | 13 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0D
| CR || style="font-size:large;" | ␍ || <code>^M</code> || <code>\r</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Carriage return{{Efn|The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Enter}} or {{Keypress|Return}} key on most systems.}} || ni'o bu
|-
| 000 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 016 || style="background:#CFF;" | 14 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0E
| SO || style="font-size:large;" | ␎ || <code>^N</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift Out ||
|-
| 000 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 017 || style="background:#CFF;" | 15 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0F
| SI || style="font-size:large;" | ␏ || <code>^O</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift In ||
|-
| 001 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 020 || style="background:#CFF;" | 16 || style="background:lightblue;" | 10
| DLE || style="font-size:large;" | ␐ || <code>^P</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Data Link Escape ||
|-
| 001 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 021 || style="background:#CFF;" | 17 || style="background:lightblue;" | 11
| DC1 || style="font-size:large;" | ␑ || <code>^Q</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 1 (oft. XON) ||
|-
| 001 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 022 || style="background:#CFF;" | 18 || style="background:lightblue;" | 12
| DC2 || style="font-size:large;" | ␒ || <code>^R</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 2 ||
|-
| 001 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 023 || style="background:#CFF;" | 19 || style="background:lightblue;" | 13
| DC3 || style="font-size:large;" | ␓ || <code>^S</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) ||
|-
| 001 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 024 || style="background:#CFF;" | 20 || style="background:lightblue;" | 14
| DC4 || style="font-size:large;" | ␔ || <code>^T</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 4 ||
|-
| 001 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 025 || style="background:#CFF;" | 21 || style="background:lightblue;" | 15
| NAK || style="font-size:large;" | ␕ || <code>^U</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Negative Acknowledgment ||
|-
| 001 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 026 || style="background:#CFF;" | 22 || style="background:lightblue;" | 16
| SYN || style="font-size:large;" | ␖ || <code>^V</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Synchronous idle ||
|-
| 001 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 027 || style="background:#CFF;" | 23 || style="background:lightblue;" | 17
| ETB || style="font-size:large;" | ␗ || <code>^W</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission Block ||
|-
| 001 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 030 || style="background:#CFF;" | 24 || style="background:lightblue;" | 18
| CAN || style="font-size:large;" | ␘ || <code>^X</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Cancel ||
|-
| 001 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 031 || style="background:#CFF;" | 25 || style="background:lightblue;" | 19
| EM || style="font-size:large;" | ␙ || <code>^Y</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Medium ||
|-
| 001 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 032 || style="background:#CFF;" | 26 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1A
| SUB || style="font-size:large;" | ␚ || <code>^Z</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Substitute ||
|-
| 001 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 033 || style="background:#CFF;" | 27 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1B
| ESC || style="font-size:large;" | ␛ || <code>^<nowiki>[</nowiki></code> || <code>\e</code>{{Efn|The <code>\e</code> escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including GCC.}} || style="text-align:left;" | Escape{{Efn|The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Esc}} key on some systems.}} ||
|-
| 001 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 034 || style="background:#CFF;" | 28 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1C
| FS || style="font-size:large;" | ␜ || <code>^\</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | File Separator ||
|-
| 001 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 035 || style="background:#CFF;" | 29 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1D
| GS || style="font-size:large;" | ␝ || <code>^<nowiki>]</nowiki></code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Group Separator ||
|-
| 001 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 036 || style="background:#CFF;" | 30 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1E
| RS || style="font-size:large;" | ␞ || <code>^^</code>{{Efn|^^ means {{Keypress|Ctrl|^}} (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).}} || || style="text-align:left;" | Record Separator ||
|-
| 001 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 037 || style="background:#CFF;" | 31 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1F
| US || style="font-size:large;" | ␟ || <code>^_</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Unit Separator ||
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
| 111 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 177 || style="background:#CFF;" | 127 || style="background:lightblue;" | 7F
| DEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␡ || <code>^?</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Delete{{Efn|The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"|The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "<code>^H</code>" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any {{Keypress|Delete}} key produce something other than the Delete character.}} || vimcu bu
|}

{{See_also|Capitals as letter names}}

== Other letters ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|€
|ronru'u bu
|-
|¤

|rupnu bu

|}

==References==
<references/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
__NOTOC__

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-11T11:31:42Z

Wuzzy: remove special keys, have been moved to Special_keyboard_key_names

Special keyboard key names

2018-05-11T11:31:17Z

Wuzzy: remove doubple header

This page is a list of proposed translations for the special keys found on the computer keyboard. It's not finished yet and needs examples, feel free to discuss on the discussion page!

For letters, digits and other writable characters, see [[ASCII table keys names]].

Other keyboard key names not listed here are expressed by prefixing with '''la'e''' ASCII characters they denote.
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|Ctrl
|la'e jitro bu
|-
|Enter
|la'e linji bu
|-
|Return
|la'e ni'o bu
|-
|Shift
|la'e tau bu
|-
|Caps Lock
|la'e ga'e bu
|-
|Alt
|la'e drata bu
|-
|Option
|
|-
|AltGr
|
|-
|Command
|la'e pezli bu
|-
|Windows
|la'e .uindos. bu
|-
|Menu
|
|-
|Fn
|
|-
|Left arrow
|la'e zu'a bu
|-
|Right arrow
|la'e ri'u bu
|-
|Up arrow
|la'e ga'u bu
|-
|Down arrow
|la'e ni'a bu
|-
|Insert
|la'e setca bu
|-
|Delete
|la'e vimcu bu
|-
|Backspace
|
|-
|Escape
|la'e dicra bu
|-
| F1 - F12
|
|-
|Tabulator
|la'e sepli bu
|-
|Home
|
|-
|End
|
|-
|Page up
|
|-
|Page down
|
|-
|Pause
|
|-
|Break
|la'e sisti bu
|-
|Print Screen
|la'e prigau bu
|-
|System Request
|
|-
|Num Lock
|
|-
|Scroll Lock
|
|-
| Numpad 0 - Numpad 9
|
|-
| Numpad +
|
|-
| Numpad -
|
|-
| Numpad *
|
|-
| Numpad /
|
|-
| Numpad .
|
|-
| Numpad Enter
|
|-
|Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|}

== Example sentences ==

''To be written.''

Special keyboard key names

2018-05-11T11:27:56Z

Wuzzy: Created page with "= Special keyboard key names = This page is a list of proposed translations for the special keys found on the computer keyboard. It's not finished yet and needs examples, feel..."

= Special keyboard key names =
This page is a list of proposed translations for the special keys found on the computer keyboard. It's not finished yet and needs examples, feel free to discuss on the discussion page!

For letters, digits and other writable characters, see [[ASCII table keys names]].

Other keyboard key names not listed here are expressed by prefixing with '''la'e''' ASCII characters they denote.
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|Ctrl
|la'e jitro bu
|-
|Enter
|la'e linji bu
|-
|Return
|la'e ni'o bu
|-
|Shift
|la'e tau bu
|-
|Caps Lock
|la'e ga'e bu
|-
|Alt
|la'e drata bu
|-
|Option
|
|-
|AltGr
|
|-
|Command
|la'e pezli bu
|-
|Windows
|la'e .uindos. bu
|-
|Menu
|
|-
|Fn
|
|-
|Left arrow
|la'e zu'a bu
|-
|Right arrow
|la'e ri'u bu
|-
|Up arrow
|la'e ga'u bu
|-
|Down arrow
|la'e ni'a bu
|-
|Insert
|la'e setca bu
|-
|Delete
|la'e vimcu bu
|-
|Backspace
|
|-
|Escape
|la'e dicra bu
|-
| F1 - F12
|
|-
|Tabulator
|la'e sepli bu
|-
|Home
|
|-
|End
|
|-
|Page up
|
|-
|Page down
|
|-
|Pause
|
|-
|Break
|la'e sisti bu
|-
|Print Screen
|la'e prigau bu
|-
|System Request
|
|-
|Num Lock
|
|-
|Scroll Lock
|
|-
| Numpad 0 - Numpad 9
|
|-
| Numpad +
|
|-
| Numpad -
|
|-
| Numpad *
|
|-
| Numpad /
|
|-
| Numpad .
|
|-
| Numpad Enter
|
|-
|Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|}

== Example sentences ==

''To be written.''

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-09T11:11:37Z

Wuzzy: /* Keyboard key names */ separate Option from Alt

{{See_also|Capitals as letter names}}
===ASCII control code chart===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Binary !! Octal !! Decimal !! Hexadecimal !! Abbreviation !! Print form{{Efn|The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended func. Some browsers may not display these properly.}} !! Caret notation{{Efn|Caret notation is often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the {{Keypress|Ctrl}} key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance <code>^@</code> may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.}} !! Escape code{{Efn|Character escape codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).}} !! Name !! Lojban
|-
| 000 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 000 || style="background:#CFF;" | 0 || style="background:lightblue;" | 00
| NUL || style="font-size:large;" | ␀ || <code>^@</code> || <code>\0</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Null character || kunti bu
|-
| 000 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 001 || style="background:#CFF;" | 1 || style="background:lightblue;" | 01
| SOH || style="font-size:large;" | ␁ || <code>^A</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Header ||
|-
| 000 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 002 || style="background:#CFF;" | 2 || style="background:lightblue;" | 02
| STX || style="font-size:large;" | ␂ || <code>^B</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Text ||
|-
| 000 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 003 || style="background:#CFF;" | 3 || style="background:lightblue;" | 03
| ETX || style="font-size:large;" | ␃ || <code>^C</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Text || fa'o bu
|-
| 000 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 004 || style="background:#CFF;" | 4 || style="background:lightblue;" | 04

| EOT || style="font-size:large;" | ␄ || <code>^D</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission || mu'o bu
|-
| 000 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 005 || style="background:#CFF;" | 5 || style="background:lightblue;" | 05

| ENQ || style="font-size:large;" | ␅ || <code>^E</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Enquiry ||
|-
| 000 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 006 || style="background:#CFF;" | 6 || style="background:lightblue;" | 06
| ACK || style="font-size:large;" | ␆ || <code>^F</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Acknowledgment || je'e bu
|-
| 000 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 007 || style="background:#CFF;" | 7 || style="background:lightblue;" | 07
| BEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␇ || <code>^G</code> || <code>\a</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Bell ||
|-
| 000 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 010 || style="background:#CFF;" | 8 || style="background:lightblue;" | 08
| BS || style="font-size:large;" | ␈ || <code>^H</code> || <code>\b</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Backspace{{Efn|The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"}} ||fa'e bu
|-
| 000 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 011 || style="background:#CFF;" | 9 || style="background:lightblue;" | 09
| HT || style="font-size:large;" | ␉ || <code>^I</code> || <code>\t</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Horizontal Tab{{Efn|The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Tab}} key on most systems.}} || sepli bu
|-
| 000 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 012 || style="background:#CFF;" | 10 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0A
| LF || style="font-size:large;" | ␊ || <code>^J</code> || <code>\n</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Line feed || linji bu
|-
| 000 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 013 || style="background:#CFF;" | 11 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0B
| VT || style="font-size:large;" | ␋ || <code>^K</code> || <code>\v</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Vertical Tab ||
|-
| 000 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 014 || style="background:#CFF;" | 12 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0C
| FF || style="font-size:large;" | ␌ || <code>^L</code> || <code>\f</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Form feed ||
|-
| 000 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 015 || style="background:#CFF;" | 13 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0D
| CR || style="font-size:large;" | ␍ || <code>^M</code> || <code>\r</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Carriage return{{Efn|The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Enter}} or {{Keypress|Return}} key on most systems.}} || ni'o bu
|-
| 000 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 016 || style="background:#CFF;" | 14 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0E
| SO || style="font-size:large;" | ␎ || <code>^N</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift Out ||
|-
| 000 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 017 || style="background:#CFF;" | 15 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0F
| SI || style="font-size:large;" | ␏ || <code>^O</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift In ||
|-
| 001 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 020 || style="background:#CFF;" | 16 || style="background:lightblue;" | 10
| DLE || style="font-size:large;" | ␐ || <code>^P</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Data Link Escape ||
|-
| 001 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 021 || style="background:#CFF;" | 17 || style="background:lightblue;" | 11
| DC1 || style="font-size:large;" | ␑ || <code>^Q</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 1 (oft. XON) ||
|-
| 001 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 022 || style="background:#CFF;" | 18 || style="background:lightblue;" | 12
| DC2 || style="font-size:large;" | ␒ || <code>^R</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 2 ||
|-
| 001 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 023 || style="background:#CFF;" | 19 || style="background:lightblue;" | 13
| DC3 || style="font-size:large;" | ␓ || <code>^S</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) ||
|-
| 001 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 024 || style="background:#CFF;" | 20 || style="background:lightblue;" | 14
| DC4 || style="font-size:large;" | ␔ || <code>^T</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 4 ||
|-
| 001 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 025 || style="background:#CFF;" | 21 || style="background:lightblue;" | 15
| NAK || style="font-size:large;" | ␕ || <code>^U</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Negative Acknowledgment ||
|-
| 001 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 026 || style="background:#CFF;" | 22 || style="background:lightblue;" | 16
| SYN || style="font-size:large;" | ␖ || <code>^V</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Synchronous idle ||
|-
| 001 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 027 || style="background:#CFF;" | 23 || style="background:lightblue;" | 17
| ETB || style="font-size:large;" | ␗ || <code>^W</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission Block ||
|-
| 001 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 030 || style="background:#CFF;" | 24 || style="background:lightblue;" | 18
| CAN || style="font-size:large;" | ␘ || <code>^X</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Cancel ||
|-
| 001 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 031 || style="background:#CFF;" | 25 || style="background:lightblue;" | 19
| EM || style="font-size:large;" | ␙ || <code>^Y</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Medium ||
|-
| 001 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 032 || style="background:#CFF;" | 26 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1A
| SUB || style="font-size:large;" | ␚ || <code>^Z</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Substitute ||
|-
| 001 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 033 || style="background:#CFF;" | 27 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1B
| ESC || style="font-size:large;" | ␛ || <code>^<nowiki>[</nowiki></code> || <code>\e</code>{{Efn|The <code>\e</code> escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including GCC.}} || style="text-align:left;" | Escape{{Efn|The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Esc}} key on some systems.}} ||
|-
| 001 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 034 || style="background:#CFF;" | 28 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1C
| FS || style="font-size:large;" | ␜ || <code>^\</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | File Separator ||
|-
| 001 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 035 || style="background:#CFF;" | 29 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1D
| GS || style="font-size:large;" | ␝ || <code>^<nowiki>]</nowiki></code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Group Separator ||
|-
| 001 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 036 || style="background:#CFF;" | 30 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1E
| RS || style="font-size:large;" | ␞ || <code>^^</code>{{Efn|^^ means {{Keypress|Ctrl|^}} (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).}} || || style="text-align:left;" | Record Separator ||
|-
| 001 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 037 || style="background:#CFF;" | 31 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1F
| US || style="font-size:large;" | ␟ || <code>^_</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Unit Separator ||
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
| 111 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 177 || style="background:#CFF;" | 127 || style="background:lightblue;" | 7F
| DEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␡ || <code>^?</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Delete{{Efn|The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"|The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "<code>^H</code>" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any {{Keypress|Delete}} key produce something other than the Delete character.}} || vimcu bu
|}

===ASCII printable code chart===
{| style="background:none; text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|010 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 040 || style="background:#cff;"| 32 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 20 || {{small|(space)}} || canlu bu
|-
|010 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 041 || style="background:#cff;"| 33 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 21 || ! || sai bu
|-
|010 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 042 || style="background:#cff;"| 34 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 22 || " || sitna bu
|-
|010 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 043 || style="background:#cff;"| 35 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 23 || # || li bu
|-
|010 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 044 || style="background:#cff;"| 36 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 24 || $ || rupnusudu bu
|-
|010 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 045 || style="background:#cff;"| 37 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 25 || % || ce'i bu
|-
|010 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 046 || style="background:#cff;"| 38 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 26 || & || je bu
|-
|010 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 047 || style="background:#cff;"| 39 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 27 || ' || y'y
|-
|010 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 050 || style="background:#cff;"| 40 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 28 || ( || to bu
|-
|010 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 051 || style="background:#cff;"| 41 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 29 || ) || toi bu
|-
|010 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 052 || style="background:#cff;"| 42 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2A || * || pi'i bu
|-
|010 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 053 || style="background:#cff;"| 43 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2B || + || su'i bu
|-
|010 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 054 || style="background:#cff;"| 44 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2C || , || slaka bu
|-
|010 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 055 || style="background:#cff;"| 45 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2D || - || vu'u bu
|-
|010 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 056 || style="background:#cff;"| 46 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2E || . || denpa bu
|-
|010 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 057 || style="background:#cff;"| 47 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2F || / || fe'i bu
|-
|011 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 060 || style="background:#cff;"| 48 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 30 || 0 ||no bu
|-
|011 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 061 || style="background:#cff;"| 49 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 31 || 1 ||pa bu
|-
|011 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 062 || style="background:#cff;"| 50 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 32 || 2 ||re bu
|-
|011 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 063 || style="background:#cff;"| 51 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 33 || 3 ||ci bu
|-
|011 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 064 || style="background:#cff;"| 52 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 34 || 4 ||vo bu
|-
|011 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 065 || style="background:#cff;"| 53 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 35 || 5 ||mu bu
|-
|011 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 066 || style="background:#cff;"| 54 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 36 || 6 ||xa bu
|-
|011 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 067 || style="background:#cff;"| 55 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 37 || 7 ||ze bu
|-
|011 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 070 || style="background:#cff;"| 56 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 38 || 8 ||bi bu
|-
|011 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 071 || style="background:#cff;"| 57 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 39 || 9 ||so bu
|-
|011 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 072 || style="background:#cff;"| 58 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3A || : || zo'u bu
|-
|011 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 073 || style="background:#cff;"| 59 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3B || ; || vau bu
|-
|011 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 074 || style="background:#cff;"| 60 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3C || < || me'i bu
|-
|011 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 075 || style="background:#cff;"| 61 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3D || = || du bu
|-
|011 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 076 || style="background:#cff;"| 62 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3E || > || za'u bu
|-
|011 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 077 || style="background:#cff;"| 63 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3F || ? || pau bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|100 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 100 || style="background:#cff;"| 64 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 40 || @ || bu'u bu
|-
|100 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 101 || style="background:#cff;"| 65 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 41 || A || tau a bu
|-
|100 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 102 || style="background:#cff;"| 66 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 42 || B || tau by
|-
|100 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 103 || style="background:#cff;"| 67 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 43 || C || tau cy
|-
|100 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 104 || style="background:#cff;"| 68 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 44 || D || tau dy
|-
|100 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 105 || style="background:#cff;"| 69 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 45 || E || tau e bu
|-
|100 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 106 || style="background:#cff;"| 70 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 46 || F || tau fy
|-
|100 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 107 || style="background:#cff;"| 71 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 47 || G || tau gy
|-
|100 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 110 || style="background:#cff;"| 72 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 48 || H || tau y'y bu
|-
|100 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 111 || style="background:#cff;"| 73 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 49 || I || tau i bu
|-
|100 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 112 || style="background:#cff;"| 74 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4A || J || tau jy
|-
|100 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 113 || style="background:#cff;"| 75 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4B || K || tau ky
|-
|100 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 114 || style="background:#cff;"| 76 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4C || L || tau ly
|-
|100 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 115 || style="background:#cff;"| 77 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4D || M || tau my
|-
|100 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 116 || style="background:#cff;"| 78 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4E || N || tau ny
|-
|100 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 117 || style="background:#cff;"| 79 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4F || O || tau o bu
|-
|101 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 120 || style="background:#cff;"| 80 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 50 || P || tau py
|-
|101 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 121 || style="background:#cff;"| 81 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 51 || Q || tau ky bu
|-
|101 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 122 || style="background:#cff;"| 82 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 52 || R || tau ry
|-
|101 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 123 || style="background:#cff;"| 83 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 53 || S || tau sy
|-
|101 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 124 || style="background:#cff;"| 84 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 54 || T || tau ty
|-
|101 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 125 || style="background:#cff;"| 85 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 55 || U || tau u bu
|-
|101 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 126 || style="background:#cff;"| 86 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 56 || V || tau vy
|-
|101 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 127 || style="background:#cff;"| 87 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 57 || W || tau vy bu
|-
|101 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 130 || style="background:#cff;"| 88 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 58 || X || tau xy
|-
|101 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 131 || style="background:#cff;"| 89 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 59 || Y || tau y bu
|-
|101 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 132 || style="background:#cff;"| 90 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5A || Z || tau zy
|-
|101 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 133 || style="background:#cff;"| 91 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5B || <nowiki>[</nowiki> || vei bu
|-
|101 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 134 || style="background:#cff;"| 92 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5C || \ || lu'e bu
|-
|101 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 135 || style="background:#cff;"| 93 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5D || <nowiki>]</nowiki> || ve'o bu
|-
|101 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 136 || style="background:#cff;"| 94 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5E || ^ || te'a bu
|-
|101 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 137 || style="background:#cff;"| 95 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5F || _ || dizlo bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|110 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 140 || style="background:#cff;"| 96 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 60 || ` || zukte bu
|-
|110 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 141 || style="background:#cff;"| 97 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 61 || a ||a bu
|-
|110 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 142 || style="background:#cff;"| 98 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 62 || b ||by
|-
|110 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 143 || style="background:#cff;"| 99 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 63 || c ||cy
|-
|110 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 144 || style="background:#cff;"| 100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 64 || d ||dy
|-
|110 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 145 || style="background:#cff;"| 101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 65 || e ||e bu
|-
|110 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 146 || style="background:#cff;"| 102 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 66 || f ||fy
|-
|110 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 147 || style="background:#cff;"| 103 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 67 || g ||gy
|-
|110 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 150 || style="background:#cff;"| 104 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 68 || h ||y'y bu
|-
|110 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 151 || style="background:#cff;"| 105 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 69 || i ||i bu
|-
|110 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 152 || style="background:#cff;"| 106 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6A || j ||jy
|-
|110 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 153 || style="background:#cff;"| 107 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6B || k ||ky
|-
|110 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 154 || style="background:#cff;"| 108 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6C || l ||ly
|-
|110 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 155 || style="background:#cff;"| 109 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6D || m ||my
|-
|110 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 156 || style="background:#cff;"| 110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6E || n ||ny
|-
|110 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 157 || style="background:#cff;"| 111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6F || o ||o bu
|-
|111 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 160 || style="background:#cff;"| 112 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 70 || p ||py
|-
|111 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 161 || style="background:#cff;"| 113 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 71 || q ||ky bu
|-
|111 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 162 || style="background:#cff;"| 114 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 72 || r ||ry
|-
|111 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 163 || style="background:#cff;"| 115 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 73 || s ||sy
|-
|111 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 164 || style="background:#cff;"| 116 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 74 || t ||ty
|-
|111 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 165 || style="background:#cff;"| 117 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 75 || u ||u bu
|-
|111 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 166 || style="background:#cff;"| 118 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 76 || v ||vy
|-
|111 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 167 || style="background:#cff;"| 119 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 77 || w ||vy bu
|-
|111 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 170 || style="background:#cff;"| 120 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 78 || x ||xy
|-
|111 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 171 || style="background:#cff;"| 121 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 79 || y ||y bu
|-
|111 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 172 || style="background:#cff;"| 122 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7A || z ||zy
|-
|111 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 173 || style="background:#cff;"| 123 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7B || { || lu'i bu
|-
|111 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 174 || style="background:#cff;"| 124 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7C || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || sraji bu
|-
|111 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 175 || style="background:#cff;"| 125 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7D || } || lu'u bu
|-
|111 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 176 || style="background:#cff;"| 126 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7E || ~ || ji'i bu
|}
|}

=== Other keys ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|€
|ronru'u bu
|-
|¤

|rupnu bu

|}

=== Keyboard key names ===
Other keyboard key names not listed here are expressed by prefixing with '''la'e''' ASCII characters they denote.
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|Ctrl
|la'e jitro bu
|-
|Enter
|la'e linji bu
|-
|Return
|la'e ni'o bu
|-
|Shift
|la'e tau bu
|-
|Caps Lock
|la'e ga'e bu
|-
|Alt
|la'e drata bu
|-
|Option
|
|-
|AltGr
|
|-
|Command
|la'e pezli bu
|-
|Windows
|la'e .uindos. bu
|-
|Menu
|
|-
|Fn
|
|-
|Left arrow
|la'e zu'a bu
|-
|Right arrow
|la'e ri'u bu
|-
|Up arrow
|la'e ga'u bu
|-
|Down arrow
|la'e ni'a bu
|-
|Insert
|la'e setca bu
|-
|Delete
|la'e vimcu bu
|-
|Backspace
|
|-
|Escape
|la'e dicra bu
|-
| F1 - F12
|
|-
|Tabulator
|la'e sepli bu
|-
|Home
|
|-
|End
|
|-
|Page up
|
|-
|Page down
|
|-
|Pause
|
|-
|Break
|la'e sisti bu
|-
|Print Screen
|la'e prigau bu
|-
|System Request
|
|-
|Num Lock
|
|-
|Scroll Lock
|
|-
| Numpad 0 - Numpad 9
|
|-
| Numpad +
|
|-
| Numpad -
|
|-
| Numpad *
|
|-
| Numpad /
|
|-
| Numpad .
|
|-
| Numpad Enter
|
|-
|Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|}

===References===
<references/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
__NOTOC__

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-09T11:04:59Z

Wuzzy: /* Keyboard key names */ fix typo: Alt Grf

{{See_also|Capitals as letter names}}
===ASCII control code chart===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Binary !! Octal !! Decimal !! Hexadecimal !! Abbreviation !! Print form{{Efn|The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended func. Some browsers may not display these properly.}} !! Caret notation{{Efn|Caret notation is often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the {{Keypress|Ctrl}} key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance <code>^@</code> may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.}} !! Escape code{{Efn|Character escape codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).}} !! Name !! Lojban
|-
| 000 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 000 || style="background:#CFF;" | 0 || style="background:lightblue;" | 00
| NUL || style="font-size:large;" | ␀ || <code>^@</code> || <code>\0</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Null character || kunti bu
|-
| 000 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 001 || style="background:#CFF;" | 1 || style="background:lightblue;" | 01
| SOH || style="font-size:large;" | ␁ || <code>^A</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Header ||
|-
| 000 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 002 || style="background:#CFF;" | 2 || style="background:lightblue;" | 02
| STX || style="font-size:large;" | ␂ || <code>^B</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Text ||
|-
| 000 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 003 || style="background:#CFF;" | 3 || style="background:lightblue;" | 03
| ETX || style="font-size:large;" | ␃ || <code>^C</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Text || fa'o bu
|-
| 000 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 004 || style="background:#CFF;" | 4 || style="background:lightblue;" | 04

| EOT || style="font-size:large;" | ␄ || <code>^D</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission || mu'o bu
|-
| 000 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 005 || style="background:#CFF;" | 5 || style="background:lightblue;" | 05

| ENQ || style="font-size:large;" | ␅ || <code>^E</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Enquiry ||
|-
| 000 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 006 || style="background:#CFF;" | 6 || style="background:lightblue;" | 06
| ACK || style="font-size:large;" | ␆ || <code>^F</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Acknowledgment || je'e bu
|-
| 000 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 007 || style="background:#CFF;" | 7 || style="background:lightblue;" | 07
| BEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␇ || <code>^G</code> || <code>\a</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Bell ||
|-
| 000 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 010 || style="background:#CFF;" | 8 || style="background:lightblue;" | 08
| BS || style="font-size:large;" | ␈ || <code>^H</code> || <code>\b</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Backspace{{Efn|The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"}} ||fa'e bu
|-
| 000 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 011 || style="background:#CFF;" | 9 || style="background:lightblue;" | 09
| HT || style="font-size:large;" | ␉ || <code>^I</code> || <code>\t</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Horizontal Tab{{Efn|The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Tab}} key on most systems.}} || sepli bu
|-
| 000 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 012 || style="background:#CFF;" | 10 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0A
| LF || style="font-size:large;" | ␊ || <code>^J</code> || <code>\n</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Line feed || linji bu
|-
| 000 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 013 || style="background:#CFF;" | 11 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0B
| VT || style="font-size:large;" | ␋ || <code>^K</code> || <code>\v</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Vertical Tab ||
|-
| 000 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 014 || style="background:#CFF;" | 12 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0C
| FF || style="font-size:large;" | ␌ || <code>^L</code> || <code>\f</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Form feed ||
|-
| 000 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 015 || style="background:#CFF;" | 13 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0D
| CR || style="font-size:large;" | ␍ || <code>^M</code> || <code>\r</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Carriage return{{Efn|The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Enter}} or {{Keypress|Return}} key on most systems.}} || ni'o bu
|-
| 000 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 016 || style="background:#CFF;" | 14 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0E
| SO || style="font-size:large;" | ␎ || <code>^N</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift Out ||
|-
| 000 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 017 || style="background:#CFF;" | 15 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0F
| SI || style="font-size:large;" | ␏ || <code>^O</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift In ||
|-
| 001 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 020 || style="background:#CFF;" | 16 || style="background:lightblue;" | 10
| DLE || style="font-size:large;" | ␐ || <code>^P</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Data Link Escape ||
|-
| 001 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 021 || style="background:#CFF;" | 17 || style="background:lightblue;" | 11
| DC1 || style="font-size:large;" | ␑ || <code>^Q</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 1 (oft. XON) ||
|-
| 001 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 022 || style="background:#CFF;" | 18 || style="background:lightblue;" | 12
| DC2 || style="font-size:large;" | ␒ || <code>^R</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 2 ||
|-
| 001 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 023 || style="background:#CFF;" | 19 || style="background:lightblue;" | 13
| DC3 || style="font-size:large;" | ␓ || <code>^S</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) ||
|-
| 001 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 024 || style="background:#CFF;" | 20 || style="background:lightblue;" | 14
| DC4 || style="font-size:large;" | ␔ || <code>^T</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 4 ||
|-
| 001 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 025 || style="background:#CFF;" | 21 || style="background:lightblue;" | 15
| NAK || style="font-size:large;" | ␕ || <code>^U</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Negative Acknowledgment ||
|-
| 001 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 026 || style="background:#CFF;" | 22 || style="background:lightblue;" | 16
| SYN || style="font-size:large;" | ␖ || <code>^V</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Synchronous idle ||
|-
| 001 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 027 || style="background:#CFF;" | 23 || style="background:lightblue;" | 17
| ETB || style="font-size:large;" | ␗ || <code>^W</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission Block ||
|-
| 001 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 030 || style="background:#CFF;" | 24 || style="background:lightblue;" | 18
| CAN || style="font-size:large;" | ␘ || <code>^X</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Cancel ||
|-
| 001 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 031 || style="background:#CFF;" | 25 || style="background:lightblue;" | 19
| EM || style="font-size:large;" | ␙ || <code>^Y</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Medium ||
|-
| 001 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 032 || style="background:#CFF;" | 26 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1A
| SUB || style="font-size:large;" | ␚ || <code>^Z</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Substitute ||
|-
| 001 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 033 || style="background:#CFF;" | 27 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1B
| ESC || style="font-size:large;" | ␛ || <code>^<nowiki>[</nowiki></code> || <code>\e</code>{{Efn|The <code>\e</code> escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including GCC.}} || style="text-align:left;" | Escape{{Efn|The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Esc}} key on some systems.}} ||
|-
| 001 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 034 || style="background:#CFF;" | 28 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1C
| FS || style="font-size:large;" | ␜ || <code>^\</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | File Separator ||
|-
| 001 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 035 || style="background:#CFF;" | 29 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1D
| GS || style="font-size:large;" | ␝ || <code>^<nowiki>]</nowiki></code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Group Separator ||
|-
| 001 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 036 || style="background:#CFF;" | 30 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1E
| RS || style="font-size:large;" | ␞ || <code>^^</code>{{Efn|^^ means {{Keypress|Ctrl|^}} (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).}} || || style="text-align:left;" | Record Separator ||
|-
| 001 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 037 || style="background:#CFF;" | 31 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1F
| US || style="font-size:large;" | ␟ || <code>^_</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Unit Separator ||
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
| 111 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 177 || style="background:#CFF;" | 127 || style="background:lightblue;" | 7F
| DEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␡ || <code>^?</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Delete{{Efn|The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"|The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "<code>^H</code>" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any {{Keypress|Delete}} key produce something other than the Delete character.}} || vimcu bu
|}

===ASCII printable code chart===
{| style="background:none; text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|010 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 040 || style="background:#cff;"| 32 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 20 || {{small|(space)}} || canlu bu
|-
|010 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 041 || style="background:#cff;"| 33 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 21 || ! || sai bu
|-
|010 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 042 || style="background:#cff;"| 34 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 22 || " || sitna bu
|-
|010 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 043 || style="background:#cff;"| 35 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 23 || # || li bu
|-
|010 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 044 || style="background:#cff;"| 36 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 24 || $ || rupnusudu bu
|-
|010 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 045 || style="background:#cff;"| 37 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 25 || % || ce'i bu
|-
|010 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 046 || style="background:#cff;"| 38 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 26 || & || je bu
|-
|010 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 047 || style="background:#cff;"| 39 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 27 || ' || y'y
|-
|010 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 050 || style="background:#cff;"| 40 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 28 || ( || to bu
|-
|010 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 051 || style="background:#cff;"| 41 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 29 || ) || toi bu
|-
|010 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 052 || style="background:#cff;"| 42 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2A || * || pi'i bu
|-
|010 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 053 || style="background:#cff;"| 43 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2B || + || su'i bu
|-
|010 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 054 || style="background:#cff;"| 44 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2C || , || slaka bu
|-
|010 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 055 || style="background:#cff;"| 45 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2D || - || vu'u bu
|-
|010 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 056 || style="background:#cff;"| 46 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2E || . || denpa bu
|-
|010 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 057 || style="background:#cff;"| 47 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2F || / || fe'i bu
|-
|011 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 060 || style="background:#cff;"| 48 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 30 || 0 ||no bu
|-
|011 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 061 || style="background:#cff;"| 49 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 31 || 1 ||pa bu
|-
|011 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 062 || style="background:#cff;"| 50 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 32 || 2 ||re bu
|-
|011 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 063 || style="background:#cff;"| 51 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 33 || 3 ||ci bu
|-
|011 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 064 || style="background:#cff;"| 52 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 34 || 4 ||vo bu
|-
|011 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 065 || style="background:#cff;"| 53 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 35 || 5 ||mu bu
|-
|011 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 066 || style="background:#cff;"| 54 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 36 || 6 ||xa bu
|-
|011 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 067 || style="background:#cff;"| 55 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 37 || 7 ||ze bu
|-
|011 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 070 || style="background:#cff;"| 56 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 38 || 8 ||bi bu
|-
|011 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 071 || style="background:#cff;"| 57 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 39 || 9 ||so bu
|-
|011 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 072 || style="background:#cff;"| 58 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3A || : || zo'u bu
|-
|011 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 073 || style="background:#cff;"| 59 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3B || ; || vau bu
|-
|011 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 074 || style="background:#cff;"| 60 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3C || < || me'i bu
|-
|011 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 075 || style="background:#cff;"| 61 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3D || = || du bu
|-
|011 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 076 || style="background:#cff;"| 62 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3E || > || za'u bu
|-
|011 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 077 || style="background:#cff;"| 63 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3F || ? || pau bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|100 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 100 || style="background:#cff;"| 64 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 40 || @ || bu'u bu
|-
|100 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 101 || style="background:#cff;"| 65 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 41 || A || tau a bu
|-
|100 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 102 || style="background:#cff;"| 66 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 42 || B || tau by
|-
|100 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 103 || style="background:#cff;"| 67 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 43 || C || tau cy
|-
|100 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 104 || style="background:#cff;"| 68 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 44 || D || tau dy
|-
|100 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 105 || style="background:#cff;"| 69 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 45 || E || tau e bu
|-
|100 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 106 || style="background:#cff;"| 70 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 46 || F || tau fy
|-
|100 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 107 || style="background:#cff;"| 71 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 47 || G || tau gy
|-
|100 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 110 || style="background:#cff;"| 72 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 48 || H || tau y'y bu
|-
|100 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 111 || style="background:#cff;"| 73 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 49 || I || tau i bu
|-
|100 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 112 || style="background:#cff;"| 74 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4A || J || tau jy
|-
|100 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 113 || style="background:#cff;"| 75 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4B || K || tau ky
|-
|100 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 114 || style="background:#cff;"| 76 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4C || L || tau ly
|-
|100 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 115 || style="background:#cff;"| 77 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4D || M || tau my
|-
|100 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 116 || style="background:#cff;"| 78 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4E || N || tau ny
|-
|100 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 117 || style="background:#cff;"| 79 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4F || O || tau o bu
|-
|101 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 120 || style="background:#cff;"| 80 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 50 || P || tau py
|-
|101 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 121 || style="background:#cff;"| 81 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 51 || Q || tau ky bu
|-
|101 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 122 || style="background:#cff;"| 82 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 52 || R || tau ry
|-
|101 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 123 || style="background:#cff;"| 83 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 53 || S || tau sy
|-
|101 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 124 || style="background:#cff;"| 84 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 54 || T || tau ty
|-
|101 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 125 || style="background:#cff;"| 85 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 55 || U || tau u bu
|-
|101 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 126 || style="background:#cff;"| 86 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 56 || V || tau vy
|-
|101 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 127 || style="background:#cff;"| 87 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 57 || W || tau vy bu
|-
|101 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 130 || style="background:#cff;"| 88 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 58 || X || tau xy
|-
|101 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 131 || style="background:#cff;"| 89 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 59 || Y || tau y bu
|-
|101 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 132 || style="background:#cff;"| 90 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5A || Z || tau zy
|-
|101 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 133 || style="background:#cff;"| 91 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5B || <nowiki>[</nowiki> || vei bu
|-
|101 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 134 || style="background:#cff;"| 92 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5C || \ || lu'e bu
|-
|101 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 135 || style="background:#cff;"| 93 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5D || <nowiki>]</nowiki> || ve'o bu
|-
|101 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 136 || style="background:#cff;"| 94 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5E || ^ || te'a bu
|-
|101 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 137 || style="background:#cff;"| 95 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5F || _ || dizlo bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|110 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 140 || style="background:#cff;"| 96 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 60 || ` || zukte bu
|-
|110 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 141 || style="background:#cff;"| 97 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 61 || a ||a bu
|-
|110 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 142 || style="background:#cff;"| 98 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 62 || b ||by
|-
|110 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 143 || style="background:#cff;"| 99 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 63 || c ||cy
|-
|110 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 144 || style="background:#cff;"| 100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 64 || d ||dy
|-
|110 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 145 || style="background:#cff;"| 101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 65 || e ||e bu
|-
|110 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 146 || style="background:#cff;"| 102 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 66 || f ||fy
|-
|110 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 147 || style="background:#cff;"| 103 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 67 || g ||gy
|-
|110 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 150 || style="background:#cff;"| 104 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 68 || h ||y'y bu
|-
|110 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 151 || style="background:#cff;"| 105 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 69 || i ||i bu
|-
|110 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 152 || style="background:#cff;"| 106 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6A || j ||jy
|-
|110 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 153 || style="background:#cff;"| 107 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6B || k ||ky
|-
|110 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 154 || style="background:#cff;"| 108 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6C || l ||ly
|-
|110 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 155 || style="background:#cff;"| 109 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6D || m ||my
|-
|110 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 156 || style="background:#cff;"| 110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6E || n ||ny
|-
|110 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 157 || style="background:#cff;"| 111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6F || o ||o bu
|-
|111 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 160 || style="background:#cff;"| 112 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 70 || p ||py
|-
|111 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 161 || style="background:#cff;"| 113 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 71 || q ||ky bu
|-
|111 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 162 || style="background:#cff;"| 114 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 72 || r ||ry
|-
|111 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 163 || style="background:#cff;"| 115 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 73 || s ||sy
|-
|111 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 164 || style="background:#cff;"| 116 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 74 || t ||ty
|-
|111 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 165 || style="background:#cff;"| 117 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 75 || u ||u bu
|-
|111 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 166 || style="background:#cff;"| 118 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 76 || v ||vy
|-
|111 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 167 || style="background:#cff;"| 119 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 77 || w ||vy bu
|-
|111 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 170 || style="background:#cff;"| 120 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 78 || x ||xy
|-
|111 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 171 || style="background:#cff;"| 121 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 79 || y ||y bu
|-
|111 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 172 || style="background:#cff;"| 122 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7A || z ||zy
|-
|111 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 173 || style="background:#cff;"| 123 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7B || { || lu'i bu
|-
|111 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 174 || style="background:#cff;"| 124 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7C || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || sraji bu
|-
|111 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 175 || style="background:#cff;"| 125 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7D || } || lu'u bu
|-
|111 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 176 || style="background:#cff;"| 126 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7E || ~ || ji'i bu
|}
|}

=== Other keys ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|€
|ronru'u bu
|-
|¤

|rupnu bu

|}

=== Keyboard key names ===
Other keyboard key names not listed here are expressed by prefixing with '''la'e''' ASCII characters they denote.
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|Ctrl
|la'e jitro bu
|-
|Enter
|la'e linji bu
|-
|Return
|la'e ni'o bu
|-
|Shift
|la'e tau bu
|-
|Caps Lock
|la'e ga'e bu
|-
|Alt/Option
|la'e drata bu
|-
|AltGr
|
|-
|Command
|la'e pezli bu
|-
|Windows
|la'e .uindos. bu
|-
|Menu
|
|-
|Fn
|
|-
|Left arrow
|la'e zu'a bu
|-
|Right arrow
|la'e ri'u bu
|-
|Up arrow
|la'e ga'u bu
|-
|Down arrow
|la'e ni'a bu
|-
|Insert
|la'e setca bu
|-
|Delete
|la'e vimcu bu
|-
|Backspace
|
|-
|Escape
|la'e dicra bu
|-
| F1 - F12
|
|-
|Tabulator
|la'e sepli bu
|-
|Home
|
|-
|End
|
|-
|Page up
|
|-
|Page down
|
|-
|Pause
|
|-
|Break
|la'e sisti bu
|-
|Print Screen
|la'e prigau bu
|-
|System Request
|
|-
|Num Lock
|
|-
|Scroll Lock
|
|-
| Numpad 0 - Numpad 9
|
|-
| Numpad +
|
|-
| Numpad -
|
|-
| Numpad *
|
|-
| Numpad /
|
|-
| Numpad .
|
|-
| Numpad Enter
|
|-
|Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|}

===References===
<references/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
__NOTOC__

Talk:List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-09T01:07:24Z

Wuzzy: /* Special key names */ edit

* ~
** '''ji'ibu''' or '''nabu''' (this is the logical language, after all)
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** But '''nabu''' is '''¬''', isn't it?
* `
** '''zukte bu''' (used in shell script to execute command), '''grav bu''', '''zulgal bu'''
* !
** '''basna bu''' or '''caibu'''. Unfortunately '''ba'e bu''' is ungrammatical.
* @
** '''bu'u bu''' or '''judri bu''' or '''tu'i bu'''
*** mark:
**** Sort of misses the original meaning, no? Maybe something with '''jdima''' or '''vamji'''? I suppose it doesn't much matter; one meaning is as good as another. It might even depend on the context: mercantile contexts might prefer '''jdima bu'''.
*** [[la nitcion]]:
**** Mon vieux, noone even remembers the mercantile meaning anymore, and the meaning was always Anglo-specific in any case --- which is why Europeans end up calling it "the coffee scroll key" or the "monkey tail key". No, "at for email" is the only actually international meaning.
***** .aulun.:
****** In German-language countries, it was known as "Affenschaukel" (monkey see-saw) :) yet, now "at" is the modern term mainly used.
***** pne:
****** "At" from English, not "zu", right? yes; pronounced as if it were spelled "a:t" in German, or "et" in English/Lojban.
***** People took it over from English like many other terms (e.g. in the field of computing) without knowing what was it's original meaning. Yet, for those who do know, it's pretty obvious that "at" has one of the semantical shades of German "zu". One could say: "drei Pfund Butter *zu* (je) DM 10.-". Here "zu"/"at" is used in the sense of French "`a" (which, BTW, is much more common in German language: "drei Pfund Butter `a DM 10.-").
*** In Spanish it is called ''arroba'', which is an old unit of weight. Apparently from Arabic '''ar-rub' ''', meaning 'the quarter'.
*** '''ctrudel bu''' or '''titnanba bu''', maybe?
* #
** '''libu'''
* $
** '''rupnu bu''' or '''meryru'u bu'''
* €
** mark:
*** '''roprupnu bu'''? Hrm.
** [[pne|pne:]]
*** try '''ronru'u bu'''. Though perhaps the spelled out '''ropno rupnu''' might be more euphonious zo'o
* %
** '''ce'ibu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** zo'o '''carmarxa bu'''
* ^
** '''te'abu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''mapku bu''' is meaning-independent
* &
** '''joibu'''
* *
** '''pi'ibu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''tarci bu''', though I don't know about the cultural neutrality of that. There's ‘★’, too.
* (
** '''tobu'''
* )
** '''toibu'''
* -
** '''vu'ubu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''pinta bu''', again, for meaning-independence
* _
** '''jorne bu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''dizlo bu'''?
**[[la guskant]]
**: .e'u cmene fa '''xi bu'''
* +
** '''su'i bu'''
* =
** '''du bu'''
**'''dunli bu'''
* {
** '''lu'i bu'''
* }
** '''lu'u bu''' (corresponding to '''lu'ibu''')
* [
** v'''ei bu'''
* ]
** '''ve'o bu'''
*|
** '''grana bu'''
*** mark:
**** Context and meaning may be significant here too. UNIX geeks call this a pipe not just because of its shape. '''tubnu bu''' is probably a bit much, but maybe there's another brivla...
*** pier:
**** I suggest '''datnyfle bu'''
*** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
**** '''sraji bu''' .e'u
* :
** '''di'e bu''', '''zo'ubu'''
** mark, [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
*** Sometimes I think of '''zo'ubu''' for this...
** pier:
*** I think '''pi'ebu''' is the colon, rather than the semicolon.
* ;
** '''jufrypau bu''' , '''pi'e bu''' , '''kei bu'''
** pier:
*** '''jufrypau''' can be shortened to '''jufpau'''. Alternatively '''bridi bu'''.
* "
** '''lubu'''
* '
** '''.y'y.'''
* <
** '''me'i bu'''
* >
** '''za'u bu'''
* ,
** '''slaka bu'''
* .
** '''denpa bu'''
* ?
** '''xu bu''' There are a lot of other kinds of questions, maybe '''pau bu'''
** mark:
*** '''pau bu''' is probably better
* /
** '''fi'u bu'''
* \
** '''lu'e bu''' (allusion to use as escape character)
* Tab
** '''sepli bu''', '''sotkunti bu'''
* BackSpace
** '''fa'e bu'''
* Ctrl
** '''minde bu'''
* Clover
** '''flora bu'''
** '''vonpezli bu'''
* Enter
** '''linji bu'''
* Return
** '''ni'o bu'''
*** These two are the same key with different names. Why not call them both '''ni'o bu''' (since the word processing context is '''probably''' the most common)?
**** These two are not''' '''the same key with different names for all computers. Don't assume your computer is the only computer in the world.
***** I have yet to see a computer with both.
****** [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
******* You have yet to see a Macintosh, then. Consider me aggrieved. As a result: the PC Enter and Macintosh Return should be '''ni'o bu'''; the Macintosh Enter should be '''linji bu''', or perhaps '''boibu''', since it is associated with the Number Pad.
***** Where on a Macintosh keyboard do I find enter?
****** The Number Pad. And several programs expect it to have different functionality than Return.
****** pier:
******* I worked years ago on an IBM 3270 keyboard, where Enter and Return are completely different. Also line feed and carriage return are distinct.
*** Well if CR = '''ni'o bu''', does that mean that every paragraph starts out with an implicit '''ni'o'''? No more than that every instance of / corresponds to '''fi'u'''; we're using prototypical senses here, not absolute equivalences. And if you are translating running prose with paragraphs, each done by a single CR (so, with linewrapping, a la word processor), then I guess the answer is yes, anyway.
* Shift
** '''tau bu'''
* CapsLock
** '''ga'e bu'''
* Alt/Option
** '''drata bu'''
* Space
** '''kunti bu'''
* LeftArrow
** '''zu'a bu'''
* RightArrow
** '''ri'u bu'''
* UpArrow
** '''ga'u bu'''
* BottomArrow
** '''ni'a bu'''
* Insert
** '''setci bu'''
* Delete
** '''vimcu bu'''
* Esc
** '''dicra bu'''
* Home
* End
** '''fanmo bu'''?
* PgUp
* PgDown
* LineFeed
* Break
** '''sisti bu'''
* PrintScreen
* NumLock
* ScrollLock
*Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)

== Command and {minde} ==

Ctrl key was '''minde bu''' but "Cmd" on Mac is '''pezli bu'''. I suggest using for Ctrl '''jitro bu''' instead. Let's to English originals. This is ambiguity that will always emerge from using English as the source, we can't rename original keys.

== Special key names ==

I think the special key names (Ctrl, Shift, Alt, etc.) are all constructed wrong.

Usage of “bu” doesn't really make sense since this is not about ''characters'' you type in a text, but about keys.

How about giving each special key a name of the form “la <whatever>”?

E.g. “la jitro” = control. “la .uindos.” = Windows, “la fypav.” → F1, etc.

--[[User:Wuzzy|Wuzzy]] ([[User talk:Wuzzy|talk]]) 00:59, 9 May 2018 (UTC)

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-09T01:07:05Z

Wuzzy: /* Keyboard key names */ tab

{{See_also|Capitals as letter names}}
===ASCII control code chart===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Binary !! Octal !! Decimal !! Hexadecimal !! Abbreviation !! Print form{{Efn|The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended func. Some browsers may not display these properly.}} !! Caret notation{{Efn|Caret notation is often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the {{Keypress|Ctrl}} key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance <code>^@</code> may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.}} !! Escape code{{Efn|Character escape codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).}} !! Name !! Lojban
|-
| 000 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 000 || style="background:#CFF;" | 0 || style="background:lightblue;" | 00
| NUL || style="font-size:large;" | ␀ || <code>^@</code> || <code>\0</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Null character || kunti bu
|-
| 000 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 001 || style="background:#CFF;" | 1 || style="background:lightblue;" | 01
| SOH || style="font-size:large;" | ␁ || <code>^A</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Header ||
|-
| 000 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 002 || style="background:#CFF;" | 2 || style="background:lightblue;" | 02
| STX || style="font-size:large;" | ␂ || <code>^B</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Text ||
|-
| 000 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 003 || style="background:#CFF;" | 3 || style="background:lightblue;" | 03
| ETX || style="font-size:large;" | ␃ || <code>^C</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Text || fa'o bu
|-
| 000 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 004 || style="background:#CFF;" | 4 || style="background:lightblue;" | 04

| EOT || style="font-size:large;" | ␄ || <code>^D</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission || mu'o bu
|-
| 000 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 005 || style="background:#CFF;" | 5 || style="background:lightblue;" | 05

| ENQ || style="font-size:large;" | ␅ || <code>^E</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Enquiry ||
|-
| 000 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 006 || style="background:#CFF;" | 6 || style="background:lightblue;" | 06
| ACK || style="font-size:large;" | ␆ || <code>^F</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Acknowledgment || je'e bu
|-
| 000 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 007 || style="background:#CFF;" | 7 || style="background:lightblue;" | 07
| BEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␇ || <code>^G</code> || <code>\a</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Bell ||
|-
| 000 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 010 || style="background:#CFF;" | 8 || style="background:lightblue;" | 08
| BS || style="font-size:large;" | ␈ || <code>^H</code> || <code>\b</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Backspace{{Efn|The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"}} ||fa'e bu
|-
| 000 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 011 || style="background:#CFF;" | 9 || style="background:lightblue;" | 09
| HT || style="font-size:large;" | ␉ || <code>^I</code> || <code>\t</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Horizontal Tab{{Efn|The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Tab}} key on most systems.}} || sepli bu
|-
| 000 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 012 || style="background:#CFF;" | 10 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0A
| LF || style="font-size:large;" | ␊ || <code>^J</code> || <code>\n</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Line feed || linji bu
|-
| 000 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 013 || style="background:#CFF;" | 11 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0B
| VT || style="font-size:large;" | ␋ || <code>^K</code> || <code>\v</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Vertical Tab ||
|-
| 000 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 014 || style="background:#CFF;" | 12 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0C
| FF || style="font-size:large;" | ␌ || <code>^L</code> || <code>\f</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Form feed ||
|-
| 000 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 015 || style="background:#CFF;" | 13 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0D
| CR || style="font-size:large;" | ␍ || <code>^M</code> || <code>\r</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Carriage return{{Efn|The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Enter}} or {{Keypress|Return}} key on most systems.}} || ni'o bu
|-
| 000 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 016 || style="background:#CFF;" | 14 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0E
| SO || style="font-size:large;" | ␎ || <code>^N</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift Out ||
|-
| 000 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 017 || style="background:#CFF;" | 15 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0F
| SI || style="font-size:large;" | ␏ || <code>^O</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift In ||
|-
| 001 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 020 || style="background:#CFF;" | 16 || style="background:lightblue;" | 10
| DLE || style="font-size:large;" | ␐ || <code>^P</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Data Link Escape ||
|-
| 001 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 021 || style="background:#CFF;" | 17 || style="background:lightblue;" | 11
| DC1 || style="font-size:large;" | ␑ || <code>^Q</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 1 (oft. XON) ||
|-
| 001 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 022 || style="background:#CFF;" | 18 || style="background:lightblue;" | 12
| DC2 || style="font-size:large;" | ␒ || <code>^R</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 2 ||
|-
| 001 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 023 || style="background:#CFF;" | 19 || style="background:lightblue;" | 13
| DC3 || style="font-size:large;" | ␓ || <code>^S</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) ||
|-
| 001 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 024 || style="background:#CFF;" | 20 || style="background:lightblue;" | 14
| DC4 || style="font-size:large;" | ␔ || <code>^T</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 4 ||
|-
| 001 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 025 || style="background:#CFF;" | 21 || style="background:lightblue;" | 15
| NAK || style="font-size:large;" | ␕ || <code>^U</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Negative Acknowledgment ||
|-
| 001 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 026 || style="background:#CFF;" | 22 || style="background:lightblue;" | 16
| SYN || style="font-size:large;" | ␖ || <code>^V</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Synchronous idle ||
|-
| 001 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 027 || style="background:#CFF;" | 23 || style="background:lightblue;" | 17
| ETB || style="font-size:large;" | ␗ || <code>^W</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission Block ||
|-
| 001 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 030 || style="background:#CFF;" | 24 || style="background:lightblue;" | 18
| CAN || style="font-size:large;" | ␘ || <code>^X</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Cancel ||
|-
| 001 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 031 || style="background:#CFF;" | 25 || style="background:lightblue;" | 19
| EM || style="font-size:large;" | ␙ || <code>^Y</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Medium ||
|-
| 001 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 032 || style="background:#CFF;" | 26 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1A
| SUB || style="font-size:large;" | ␚ || <code>^Z</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Substitute ||
|-
| 001 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 033 || style="background:#CFF;" | 27 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1B
| ESC || style="font-size:large;" | ␛ || <code>^<nowiki>[</nowiki></code> || <code>\e</code>{{Efn|The <code>\e</code> escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including GCC.}} || style="text-align:left;" | Escape{{Efn|The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Esc}} key on some systems.}} ||
|-
| 001 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 034 || style="background:#CFF;" | 28 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1C
| FS || style="font-size:large;" | ␜ || <code>^\</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | File Separator ||
|-
| 001 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 035 || style="background:#CFF;" | 29 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1D
| GS || style="font-size:large;" | ␝ || <code>^<nowiki>]</nowiki></code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Group Separator ||
|-
| 001 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 036 || style="background:#CFF;" | 30 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1E
| RS || style="font-size:large;" | ␞ || <code>^^</code>{{Efn|^^ means {{Keypress|Ctrl|^}} (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).}} || || style="text-align:left;" | Record Separator ||
|-
| 001 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 037 || style="background:#CFF;" | 31 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1F
| US || style="font-size:large;" | ␟ || <code>^_</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Unit Separator ||
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
| 111 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 177 || style="background:#CFF;" | 127 || style="background:lightblue;" | 7F
| DEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␡ || <code>^?</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Delete{{Efn|The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"|The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "<code>^H</code>" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any {{Keypress|Delete}} key produce something other than the Delete character.}} || vimcu bu
|}

===ASCII printable code chart===
{| style="background:none; text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|010 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 040 || style="background:#cff;"| 32 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 20 || {{small|(space)}} || canlu bu
|-
|010 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 041 || style="background:#cff;"| 33 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 21 || ! || sai bu
|-
|010 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 042 || style="background:#cff;"| 34 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 22 || " || sitna bu
|-
|010 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 043 || style="background:#cff;"| 35 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 23 || # || li bu
|-
|010 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 044 || style="background:#cff;"| 36 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 24 || $ || rupnusudu bu
|-
|010 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 045 || style="background:#cff;"| 37 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 25 || % || ce'i bu
|-
|010 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 046 || style="background:#cff;"| 38 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 26 || & || je bu
|-
|010 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 047 || style="background:#cff;"| 39 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 27 || ' || y'y
|-
|010 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 050 || style="background:#cff;"| 40 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 28 || ( || to bu
|-
|010 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 051 || style="background:#cff;"| 41 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 29 || ) || toi bu
|-
|010 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 052 || style="background:#cff;"| 42 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2A || * || pi'i bu
|-
|010 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 053 || style="background:#cff;"| 43 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2B || + || su'i bu
|-
|010 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 054 || style="background:#cff;"| 44 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2C || , || slaka bu
|-
|010 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 055 || style="background:#cff;"| 45 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2D || - || vu'u bu
|-
|010 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 056 || style="background:#cff;"| 46 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2E || . || denpa bu
|-
|010 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 057 || style="background:#cff;"| 47 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2F || / || fe'i bu
|-
|011 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 060 || style="background:#cff;"| 48 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 30 || 0 ||no bu
|-
|011 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 061 || style="background:#cff;"| 49 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 31 || 1 ||pa bu
|-
|011 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 062 || style="background:#cff;"| 50 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 32 || 2 ||re bu
|-
|011 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 063 || style="background:#cff;"| 51 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 33 || 3 ||ci bu
|-
|011 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 064 || style="background:#cff;"| 52 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 34 || 4 ||vo bu
|-
|011 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 065 || style="background:#cff;"| 53 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 35 || 5 ||mu bu
|-
|011 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 066 || style="background:#cff;"| 54 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 36 || 6 ||xa bu
|-
|011 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 067 || style="background:#cff;"| 55 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 37 || 7 ||ze bu
|-
|011 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 070 || style="background:#cff;"| 56 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 38 || 8 ||bi bu
|-
|011 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 071 || style="background:#cff;"| 57 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 39 || 9 ||so bu
|-
|011 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 072 || style="background:#cff;"| 58 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3A || : || zo'u bu
|-
|011 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 073 || style="background:#cff;"| 59 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3B || ; || vau bu
|-
|011 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 074 || style="background:#cff;"| 60 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3C || < || me'i bu
|-
|011 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 075 || style="background:#cff;"| 61 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3D || = || du bu
|-
|011 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 076 || style="background:#cff;"| 62 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3E || > || za'u bu
|-
|011 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 077 || style="background:#cff;"| 63 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3F || ? || pau bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|100 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 100 || style="background:#cff;"| 64 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 40 || @ || bu'u bu
|-
|100 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 101 || style="background:#cff;"| 65 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 41 || A || tau a bu
|-
|100 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 102 || style="background:#cff;"| 66 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 42 || B || tau by
|-
|100 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 103 || style="background:#cff;"| 67 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 43 || C || tau cy
|-
|100 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 104 || style="background:#cff;"| 68 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 44 || D || tau dy
|-
|100 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 105 || style="background:#cff;"| 69 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 45 || E || tau e bu
|-
|100 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 106 || style="background:#cff;"| 70 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 46 || F || tau fy
|-
|100 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 107 || style="background:#cff;"| 71 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 47 || G || tau gy
|-
|100 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 110 || style="background:#cff;"| 72 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 48 || H || tau y'y bu
|-
|100 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 111 || style="background:#cff;"| 73 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 49 || I || tau i bu
|-
|100 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 112 || style="background:#cff;"| 74 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4A || J || tau jy
|-
|100 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 113 || style="background:#cff;"| 75 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4B || K || tau ky
|-
|100 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 114 || style="background:#cff;"| 76 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4C || L || tau ly
|-
|100 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 115 || style="background:#cff;"| 77 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4D || M || tau my
|-
|100 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 116 || style="background:#cff;"| 78 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4E || N || tau ny
|-
|100 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 117 || style="background:#cff;"| 79 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4F || O || tau o bu
|-
|101 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 120 || style="background:#cff;"| 80 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 50 || P || tau py
|-
|101 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 121 || style="background:#cff;"| 81 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 51 || Q || tau ky bu
|-
|101 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 122 || style="background:#cff;"| 82 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 52 || R || tau ry
|-
|101 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 123 || style="background:#cff;"| 83 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 53 || S || tau sy
|-
|101 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 124 || style="background:#cff;"| 84 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 54 || T || tau ty
|-
|101 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 125 || style="background:#cff;"| 85 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 55 || U || tau u bu
|-
|101 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 126 || style="background:#cff;"| 86 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 56 || V || tau vy
|-
|101 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 127 || style="background:#cff;"| 87 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 57 || W || tau vy bu
|-
|101 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 130 || style="background:#cff;"| 88 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 58 || X || tau xy
|-
|101 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 131 || style="background:#cff;"| 89 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 59 || Y || tau y bu
|-
|101 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 132 || style="background:#cff;"| 90 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5A || Z || tau zy
|-
|101 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 133 || style="background:#cff;"| 91 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5B || <nowiki>[</nowiki> || vei bu
|-
|101 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 134 || style="background:#cff;"| 92 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5C || \ || lu'e bu
|-
|101 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 135 || style="background:#cff;"| 93 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5D || <nowiki>]</nowiki> || ve'o bu
|-
|101 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 136 || style="background:#cff;"| 94 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5E || ^ || te'a bu
|-
|101 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 137 || style="background:#cff;"| 95 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5F || _ || dizlo bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|110 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 140 || style="background:#cff;"| 96 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 60 || ` || zukte bu
|-
|110 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 141 || style="background:#cff;"| 97 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 61 || a ||a bu
|-
|110 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 142 || style="background:#cff;"| 98 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 62 || b ||by
|-
|110 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 143 || style="background:#cff;"| 99 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 63 || c ||cy
|-
|110 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 144 || style="background:#cff;"| 100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 64 || d ||dy
|-
|110 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 145 || style="background:#cff;"| 101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 65 || e ||e bu
|-
|110 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 146 || style="background:#cff;"| 102 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 66 || f ||fy
|-
|110 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 147 || style="background:#cff;"| 103 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 67 || g ||gy
|-
|110 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 150 || style="background:#cff;"| 104 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 68 || h ||y'y bu
|-
|110 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 151 || style="background:#cff;"| 105 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 69 || i ||i bu
|-
|110 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 152 || style="background:#cff;"| 106 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6A || j ||jy
|-
|110 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 153 || style="background:#cff;"| 107 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6B || k ||ky
|-
|110 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 154 || style="background:#cff;"| 108 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6C || l ||ly
|-
|110 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 155 || style="background:#cff;"| 109 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6D || m ||my
|-
|110 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 156 || style="background:#cff;"| 110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6E || n ||ny
|-
|110 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 157 || style="background:#cff;"| 111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6F || o ||o bu
|-
|111 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 160 || style="background:#cff;"| 112 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 70 || p ||py
|-
|111 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 161 || style="background:#cff;"| 113 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 71 || q ||ky bu
|-
|111 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 162 || style="background:#cff;"| 114 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 72 || r ||ry
|-
|111 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 163 || style="background:#cff;"| 115 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 73 || s ||sy
|-
|111 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 164 || style="background:#cff;"| 116 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 74 || t ||ty
|-
|111 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 165 || style="background:#cff;"| 117 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 75 || u ||u bu
|-
|111 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 166 || style="background:#cff;"| 118 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 76 || v ||vy
|-
|111 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 167 || style="background:#cff;"| 119 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 77 || w ||vy bu
|-
|111 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 170 || style="background:#cff;"| 120 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 78 || x ||xy
|-
|111 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 171 || style="background:#cff;"| 121 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 79 || y ||y bu
|-
|111 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 172 || style="background:#cff;"| 122 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7A || z ||zy
|-
|111 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 173 || style="background:#cff;"| 123 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7B || { || lu'i bu
|-
|111 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 174 || style="background:#cff;"| 124 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7C || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || sraji bu
|-
|111 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 175 || style="background:#cff;"| 125 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7D || } || lu'u bu
|-
|111 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 176 || style="background:#cff;"| 126 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7E || ~ || ji'i bu
|}
|}

=== Other keys ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|€
|ronru'u bu
|-
|¤

|rupnu bu

|}

=== Keyboard key names ===
Other keyboard key names not listed here are expressed by prefixing with '''la'e''' ASCII characters they denote.
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|Ctrl
|la'e jitro bu
|-
|Enter
|la'e linji bu
|-
|Return
|la'e ni'o bu
|-
|Shift
|la'e tau bu
|-
|Caps Lock
|la'e ga'e bu
|-
|Alt/Option
|la'e drata bu
|-
|Alt Grf
|
|-
|Command
|la'e pezli bu
|-
|Windows
|la'e .uindos. bu
|-
|Menu
|
|-
|Fn
|
|-
|Left arrow
|la'e zu'a bu
|-
|Right arrow
|la'e ri'u bu
|-
|Up arrow
|la'e ga'u bu
|-
|Down arrow
|la'e ni'a bu
|-
|Insert
|la'e setca bu
|-
|Delete
|la'e vimcu bu
|-
|Backspace
|
|-
|Escape
|la'e dicra bu
|-
| F1 - F12
|
|-
|Tabulator
|la'e sepli bu
|-
|Home
|
|-
|End
|
|-
|Page up
|
|-
|Page down
|
|-
|Pause
|
|-
|Break
|la'e sisti bu
|-
|Print Screen
|la'e prigau bu
|-
|System Request
|
|-
|Num Lock
|
|-
|Scroll Lock
|
|-
| Numpad 0 - Numpad 9
|
|-
| Numpad +
|
|-
| Numpad -
|
|-
| Numpad *
|
|-
| Numpad /
|
|-
| Numpad .
|
|-
| Numpad Enter
|
|-
|Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|}

===References===
<references/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
__NOTOC__

List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-09T01:03:31Z

Wuzzy: /* Keyboard key names */ remove denpa bu for Pause key

{{See_also|Capitals as letter names}}
===ASCII control code chart===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Binary !! Octal !! Decimal !! Hexadecimal !! Abbreviation !! Print form{{Efn|The Unicode characters from the area U+2400 to U+2421 reserved for representing control characters when it is necessary to print or display them rather than have them perform their intended func. Some browsers may not display these properly.}} !! Caret notation{{Efn|Caret notation is often used to represent control characters on a terminal. On most text terminals, holding down the {{Keypress|Ctrl}} key while typing the second character will type the control character. Sometimes the shift key is not needed, for instance <code>^@</code> may be typable with just Ctrl and 2.}} !! Escape code{{Efn|Character escape codes in C programming language and many other languages influenced by it, such as Java and Perl (though not all implementations necessarily support all escape codes).}} !! Name !! Lojban
|-
| 000 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 000 || style="background:#CFF;" | 0 || style="background:lightblue;" | 00
| NUL || style="font-size:large;" | ␀ || <code>^@</code> || <code>\0</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Null character || kunti bu
|-
| 000 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 001 || style="background:#CFF;" | 1 || style="background:lightblue;" | 01
| SOH || style="font-size:large;" | ␁ || <code>^A</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Header ||
|-
| 000 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 002 || style="background:#CFF;" | 2 || style="background:lightblue;" | 02
| STX || style="font-size:large;" | ␂ || <code>^B</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Start of Text ||
|-
| 000 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 003 || style="background:#CFF;" | 3 || style="background:lightblue;" | 03
| ETX || style="font-size:large;" | ␃ || <code>^C</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Text || fa'o bu
|-
| 000 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 004 || style="background:#CFF;" | 4 || style="background:lightblue;" | 04

| EOT || style="font-size:large;" | ␄ || <code>^D</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission || mu'o bu
|-
| 000 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 005 || style="background:#CFF;" | 5 || style="background:lightblue;" | 05

| ENQ || style="font-size:large;" | ␅ || <code>^E</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Enquiry ||
|-
| 000 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 006 || style="background:#CFF;" | 6 || style="background:lightblue;" | 06
| ACK || style="font-size:large;" | ␆ || <code>^F</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Acknowledgment || je'e bu
|-
| 000 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 007 || style="background:#CFF;" | 7 || style="background:lightblue;" | 07
| BEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␇ || <code>^G</code> || <code>\a</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Bell ||
|-
| 000 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 010 || style="background:#CFF;" | 8 || style="background:lightblue;" | 08
| BS || style="font-size:large;" | ␈ || <code>^H</code> || <code>\b</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Backspace{{Efn|The Backspace character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"}} ||fa'e bu
|-
| 000 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 011 || style="background:#CFF;" | 9 || style="background:lightblue;" | 09
| HT || style="font-size:large;" | ␉ || <code>^I</code> || <code>\t</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Horizontal Tab{{Efn|The Tab character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Tab}} key on most systems.}} || sepli bu
|-
| 000 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 012 || style="background:#CFF;" | 10 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0A
| LF || style="font-size:large;" | ␊ || <code>^J</code> || <code>\n</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Line feed || linji bu
|-
| 000 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 013 || style="background:#CFF;" | 11 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0B
| VT || style="font-size:large;" | ␋ || <code>^K</code> || <code>\v</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Vertical Tab ||
|-
| 000 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 014 || style="background:#CFF;" | 12 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0C
| FF || style="font-size:large;" | ␌ || <code>^L</code> || <code>\f</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Form feed ||
|-
| 000 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 015 || style="background:#CFF;" | 13 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0D
| CR || style="font-size:large;" | ␍ || <code>^M</code> || <code>\r</code> || style="text-align:left;" | Carriage return{{Efn|The Carriage Return character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Enter}} or {{Keypress|Return}} key on most systems.}} || ni'o bu
|-
| 000 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 016 || style="background:#CFF;" | 14 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0E
| SO || style="font-size:large;" | ␎ || <code>^N</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift Out ||
|-
| 000 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 017 || style="background:#CFF;" | 15 || style="background:lightblue;" | 0F
| SI || style="font-size:large;" | ␏ || <code>^O</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Shift In ||
|-
| 001 0000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 020 || style="background:#CFF;" | 16 || style="background:lightblue;" | 10
| DLE || style="font-size:large;" | ␐ || <code>^P</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Data Link Escape ||
|-
| 001 0001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 021 || style="background:#CFF;" | 17 || style="background:lightblue;" | 11
| DC1 || style="font-size:large;" | ␑ || <code>^Q</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 1 (oft. XON) ||
|-
| 001 0010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 022 || style="background:#CFF;" | 18 || style="background:lightblue;" | 12
| DC2 || style="font-size:large;" | ␒ || <code>^R</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 2 ||
|-
| 001 0011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 023 || style="background:#CFF;" | 19 || style="background:lightblue;" | 13
| DC3 || style="font-size:large;" | ␓ || <code>^S</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF) ||
|-
| 001 0100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 024 || style="background:#CFF;" | 20 || style="background:lightblue;" | 14
| DC4 || style="font-size:large;" | ␔ || <code>^T</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Device Control 4 ||
|-
| 001 0101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 025 || style="background:#CFF;" | 21 || style="background:lightblue;" | 15
| NAK || style="font-size:large;" | ␕ || <code>^U</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Negative Acknowledgment ||
|-
| 001 0110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 026 || style="background:#CFF;" | 22 || style="background:lightblue;" | 16
| SYN || style="font-size:large;" | ␖ || <code>^V</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Synchronous idle ||
|-
| 001 0111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 027 || style="background:#CFF;" | 23 || style="background:lightblue;" | 17
| ETB || style="font-size:large;" | ␗ || <code>^W</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Transmission Block ||
|-
| 001 1000 || style="background:lightblue;" | 030 || style="background:#CFF;" | 24 || style="background:lightblue;" | 18
| CAN || style="font-size:large;" | ␘ || <code>^X</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Cancel ||
|-
| 001 1001 || style="background:lightblue;" | 031 || style="background:#CFF;" | 25 || style="background:lightblue;" | 19
| EM || style="font-size:large;" | ␙ || <code>^Y</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | End of Medium ||
|-
| 001 1010 || style="background:lightblue;" | 032 || style="background:#CFF;" | 26 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1A
| SUB || style="font-size:large;" | ␚ || <code>^Z</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Substitute ||
|-
| 001 1011 || style="background:lightblue;" | 033 || style="background:#CFF;" | 27 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1B
| ESC || style="font-size:large;" | ␛ || <code>^<nowiki>[</nowiki></code> || <code>\e</code>{{Efn|The <code>\e</code> escape sequence is not part of ISO C and many other language specifications. However, it is understood by several compilers, including GCC.}} || style="text-align:left;" | Escape{{Efn|The Escape character can also be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Esc}} key on some systems.}} ||
|-
| 001 1100 || style="background:lightblue;" | 034 || style="background:#CFF;" | 28 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1C
| FS || style="font-size:large;" | ␜ || <code>^\</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | File Separator ||
|-
| 001 1101 || style="background:lightblue;" | 035 || style="background:#CFF;" | 29 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1D
| GS || style="font-size:large;" | ␝ || <code>^<nowiki>]</nowiki></code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Group Separator ||
|-
| 001 1110 || style="background:lightblue;" | 036 || style="background:#CFF;" | 30 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1E
| RS || style="font-size:large;" | ␞ || <code>^^</code>{{Efn|^^ means {{Keypress|Ctrl|^}} (pressing the "Ctrl" and caret keys).}} || || style="text-align:left;" | Record Separator ||
|-
| 001 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 037 || style="background:#CFF;" | 31 || style="background:lightblue;" | 1F
| US || style="font-size:large;" | ␟ || <code>^_</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Unit Separator ||
|-
| colspan="9" |
|-
| 111 1111 || style="background:lightblue;" | 177 || style="background:#CFF;" | 127 || style="background:lightblue;" | 7F
| DEL || style="font-size:large;" | ␡ || <code>^?</code> || || style="text-align:left;" | Delete{{Efn|The Delete character can sometimes be entered by pressing the {{Keypress|Backspace}} key on some systems.}}{{Efn|name="bsp del mismatch"|The ambiguity of Backspace is due to early terminals designed assuming the main use of the keyboard would be to manually punch paper tape while not connected to a computer. To delete the previous character, one had to back up the paper tape punch, which for mechanical and simplicity reasons was a button on the punch itself and not the keyboard, then type the rubout character. They therefore placed a key producing rubout at the location used on typewriters for backspace. When systems used these terminals and provided command-line editing, they had to use the "rubout" code to perform a backspace, and often did not interpret the backspace character (they might echo "<code>^H</code>" for backspace). Other terminals not designed for paper tape made the key at this location produce Backspace, and systems designed for these used that character to back up. Since the delete code often produced a backspace effect, this also forced terminal manufacturers to make any {{Keypress|Delete}} key produce something other than the Delete character.}} || vimcu bu
|}

===ASCII printable code chart===
{| style="background:none; text-align:center;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|010 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 040 || style="background:#cff;"| 32 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 20 || {{small|(space)}} || canlu bu
|-
|010 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 041 || style="background:#cff;"| 33 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 21 || ! || sai bu
|-
|010 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 042 || style="background:#cff;"| 34 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 22 || " || sitna bu
|-
|010 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 043 || style="background:#cff;"| 35 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 23 || # || li bu
|-
|010 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 044 || style="background:#cff;"| 36 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 24 || $ || rupnusudu bu
|-
|010 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 045 || style="background:#cff;"| 37 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 25 || % || ce'i bu
|-
|010 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 046 || style="background:#cff;"| 38 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 26 || & || je bu
|-
|010 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 047 || style="background:#cff;"| 39 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 27 || ' || y'y
|-
|010 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 050 || style="background:#cff;"| 40 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 28 || ( || to bu
|-
|010 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 051 || style="background:#cff;"| 41 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 29 || ) || toi bu
|-
|010 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 052 || style="background:#cff;"| 42 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2A || * || pi'i bu
|-
|010 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 053 || style="background:#cff;"| 43 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2B || + || su'i bu
|-
|010 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 054 || style="background:#cff;"| 44 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2C || , || slaka bu
|-
|010 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 055 || style="background:#cff;"| 45 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2D || - || vu'u bu
|-
|010 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 056 || style="background:#cff;"| 46 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2E || . || denpa bu
|-
|010 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 057 || style="background:#cff;"| 47 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 2F || / || fe'i bu
|-
|011 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 060 || style="background:#cff;"| 48 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 30 || 0 ||no bu
|-
|011 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 061 || style="background:#cff;"| 49 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 31 || 1 ||pa bu
|-
|011 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 062 || style="background:#cff;"| 50 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 32 || 2 ||re bu
|-
|011 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 063 || style="background:#cff;"| 51 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 33 || 3 ||ci bu
|-
|011 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 064 || style="background:#cff;"| 52 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 34 || 4 ||vo bu
|-
|011 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 065 || style="background:#cff;"| 53 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 35 || 5 ||mu bu
|-
|011 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 066 || style="background:#cff;"| 54 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 36 || 6 ||xa bu
|-
|011 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 067 || style="background:#cff;"| 55 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 37 || 7 ||ze bu
|-
|011 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 070 || style="background:#cff;"| 56 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 38 || 8 ||bi bu
|-
|011 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 071 || style="background:#cff;"| 57 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 39 || 9 ||so bu
|-
|011 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 072 || style="background:#cff;"| 58 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3A || : || zo'u bu
|-
|011 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 073 || style="background:#cff;"| 59 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3B || ; || vau bu
|-
|011 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 074 || style="background:#cff;"| 60 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3C || < || me'i bu
|-
|011 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 075 || style="background:#cff;"| 61 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3D || = || du bu
|-
|011 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 076 || style="background:#cff;"| 62 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3E || > || za'u bu
|-
|011 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 077 || style="background:#cff;"| 63 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 3F || ? || pau bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|100 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 100 || style="background:#cff;"| 64 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 40 || @ || bu'u bu
|-
|100 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 101 || style="background:#cff;"| 65 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 41 || A || tau a bu
|-
|100 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 102 || style="background:#cff;"| 66 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 42 || B || tau by
|-
|100 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 103 || style="background:#cff;"| 67 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 43 || C || tau cy
|-
|100 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 104 || style="background:#cff;"| 68 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 44 || D || tau dy
|-
|100 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 105 || style="background:#cff;"| 69 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 45 || E || tau e bu
|-
|100 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 106 || style="background:#cff;"| 70 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 46 || F || tau fy
|-
|100 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 107 || style="background:#cff;"| 71 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 47 || G || tau gy
|-
|100 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 110 || style="background:#cff;"| 72 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 48 || H || tau y'y bu
|-
|100 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 111 || style="background:#cff;"| 73 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 49 || I || tau i bu
|-
|100 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 112 || style="background:#cff;"| 74 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4A || J || tau jy
|-
|100 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 113 || style="background:#cff;"| 75 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4B || K || tau ky
|-
|100 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 114 || style="background:#cff;"| 76 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4C || L || tau ly
|-
|100 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 115 || style="background:#cff;"| 77 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4D || M || tau my
|-
|100 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 116 || style="background:#cff;"| 78 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4E || N || tau ny
|-
|100 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 117 || style="background:#cff;"| 79 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 4F || O || tau o bu
|-
|101 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 120 || style="background:#cff;"| 80 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 50 || P || tau py
|-
|101 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 121 || style="background:#cff;"| 81 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 51 || Q || tau ky bu
|-
|101 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 122 || style="background:#cff;"| 82 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 52 || R || tau ry
|-
|101 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 123 || style="background:#cff;"| 83 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 53 || S || tau sy
|-
|101 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 124 || style="background:#cff;"| 84 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 54 || T || tau ty
|-
|101 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 125 || style="background:#cff;"| 85 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 55 || U || tau u bu
|-
|101 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 126 || style="background:#cff;"| 86 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 56 || V || tau vy
|-
|101 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 127 || style="background:#cff;"| 87 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 57 || W || tau vy bu
|-
|101 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 130 || style="background:#cff;"| 88 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 58 || X || tau xy
|-
|101 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 131 || style="background:#cff;"| 89 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 59 || Y || tau y bu
|-
|101 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 132 || style="background:#cff;"| 90 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5A || Z || tau zy
|-
|101 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 133 || style="background:#cff;"| 91 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5B || <nowiki>[</nowiki> || vei bu
|-
|101 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 134 || style="background:#cff;"| 92 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5C || \ || lu'e bu
|-
|101 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 135 || style="background:#cff;"| 93 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5D || <nowiki>]</nowiki> || ve'o bu
|-
|101 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 136 || style="background:#cff;"| 94 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5E || ^ || te'a bu
|-
|101 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 137 || style="background:#cff;"| 95 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 5F || _ || dizlo bu
|}
|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin-left:1em"
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
!Binary !! Oct !! Dec !! Hex !! Glyph !! Lojban
|-
|110 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 140 || style="background:#cff;"| 96 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 60 || ` || zukte bu
|-
|110 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 141 || style="background:#cff;"| 97 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 61 || a ||a bu
|-
|110 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 142 || style="background:#cff;"| 98 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 62 || b ||by
|-
|110 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 143 || style="background:#cff;"| 99 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 63 || c ||cy
|-
|110 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 144 || style="background:#cff;"| 100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 64 || d ||dy
|-
|110 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 145 || style="background:#cff;"| 101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 65 || e ||e bu
|-
|110 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 146 || style="background:#cff;"| 102 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 66 || f ||fy
|-
|110 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 147 || style="background:#cff;"| 103 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 67 || g ||gy
|-
|110 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 150 || style="background:#cff;"| 104 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 68 || h ||y'y bu
|-
|110 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 151 || style="background:#cff;"| 105 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 69 || i ||i bu
|-
|110 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 152 || style="background:#cff;"| 106 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6A || j ||jy
|-
|110 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 153 || style="background:#cff;"| 107 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6B || k ||ky
|-
|110 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 154 || style="background:#cff;"| 108 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6C || l ||ly
|-
|110 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 155 || style="background:#cff;"| 109 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6D || m ||my
|-
|110 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 156 || style="background:#cff;"| 110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6E || n ||ny
|-
|110 1111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 157 || style="background:#cff;"| 111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 6F || o ||o bu
|-
|111 0000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 160 || style="background:#cff;"| 112 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 70 || p ||py
|-
|111 0001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 161 || style="background:#cff;"| 113 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 71 || q ||ky bu
|-
|111 0010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 162 || style="background:#cff;"| 114 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 72 || r ||ry
|-
|111 0011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 163 || style="background:#cff;"| 115 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 73 || s ||sy
|-
|111 0100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 164 || style="background:#cff;"| 116 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 74 || t ||ty
|-
|111 0101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 165 || style="background:#cff;"| 117 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 75 || u ||u bu
|-
|111 0110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 166 || style="background:#cff;"| 118 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 76 || v ||vy
|-
|111 0111 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 167 || style="background:#cff;"| 119 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 77 || w ||vy bu
|-
|111 1000 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 170 || style="background:#cff;"| 120 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 78 || x ||xy
|-
|111 1001 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 171 || style="background:#cff;"| 121 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 79 || y ||y bu
|-
|111 1010 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 172 || style="background:#cff;"| 122 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7A || z ||zy
|-
|111 1011 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 173 || style="background:#cff;"| 123 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7B || { || lu'i bu
|-
|111 1100 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 174 || style="background:#cff;"| 124 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7C || <nowiki>|</nowiki> || sraji bu
|-
|111 1101 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 175 || style="background:#cff;"| 125 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7D || } || lu'u bu
|-
|111 1110 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 176 || style="background:#cff;"| 126 ||style="background:lightblue;"| 7E || ~ || ji'i bu
|}
|}

=== Other keys ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|€
|ronru'u bu
|-
|¤

|rupnu bu

|}

=== Keyboard key names ===
Other keyboard key names not listed here are expressed by prefixing with '''la'e''' ASCII characters they denote.
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Lojban
|-
|Ctrl
|la'e jitro bu
|-
|Enter
|la'e linji bu
|-
|Return
|la'e ni'o bu
|-
|Shift
|la'e tau bu
|-
|Caps Lock
|la'e ga'e bu
|-
|Alt/Option
|la'e drata bu
|-
|Alt Grf
|
|-
|Command
|la'e pezli bu
|-
|Windows
|la'e .uindos. bu
|-
|Menu
|
|-
|Fn
|
|-
|Left arrow
|la'e zu'a bu
|-
|Right arrow
|la'e ri'u bu
|-
|Up arrow
|la'e ga'u bu
|-
|Down arrow
|la'e ni'a bu
|-
|Insert
|la'e setca bu
|-
|Delete
|la'e vimcu bu
|-
|Backspace
|
|-
|Escape
|la'e dicra bu
|-
| F1 - F12
|
|-
|Tabulator
|
|-
|Home
|
|-
|End
|
|-
|Page up
|
|-
|Page down
|
|-
|Pause
|
|-
|Break
|la'e sisti bu
|-
|Print Screen
|la'e prigau bu
|-
|System Request
|
|-
|Num Lock
|
|-
|Scroll Lock
|
|-
| Numpad 0 - Numpad 9
|
|-
| Numpad +
|
|-
| Numpad -
|
|-
| Numpad *
|
|-
| Numpad /
|
|-
| Numpad .
|
|-
| Numpad Enter
|
|-
|Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|-
|Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
|
|}

===References===
<references/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
__NOTOC__

Talk:List of ASCII letterals

2018-05-09T01:01:56Z

Wuzzy: /* Special key names */ edit

* ~
** '''ji'ibu''' or '''nabu''' (this is the logical language, after all)
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** But '''nabu''' is '''¬''', isn't it?
* `
** '''zukte bu''' (used in shell script to execute command), '''grav bu''', '''zulgal bu'''
* !
** '''basna bu''' or '''caibu'''. Unfortunately '''ba'e bu''' is ungrammatical.
* @
** '''bu'u bu''' or '''judri bu''' or '''tu'i bu'''
*** mark:
**** Sort of misses the original meaning, no? Maybe something with '''jdima''' or '''vamji'''? I suppose it doesn't much matter; one meaning is as good as another. It might even depend on the context: mercantile contexts might prefer '''jdima bu'''.
*** [[la nitcion]]:
**** Mon vieux, noone even remembers the mercantile meaning anymore, and the meaning was always Anglo-specific in any case --- which is why Europeans end up calling it "the coffee scroll key" or the "monkey tail key". No, "at for email" is the only actually international meaning.
***** .aulun.:
****** In German-language countries, it was known as "Affenschaukel" (monkey see-saw) :) yet, now "at" is the modern term mainly used.
***** pne:
****** "At" from English, not "zu", right? yes; pronounced as if it were spelled "a:t" in German, or "et" in English/Lojban.
***** People took it over from English like many other terms (e.g. in the field of computing) without knowing what was it's original meaning. Yet, for those who do know, it's pretty obvious that "at" has one of the semantical shades of German "zu". One could say: "drei Pfund Butter *zu* (je) DM 10.-". Here "zu"/"at" is used in the sense of French "`a" (which, BTW, is much more common in German language: "drei Pfund Butter `a DM 10.-").
*** In Spanish it is called ''arroba'', which is an old unit of weight. Apparently from Arabic '''ar-rub' ''', meaning 'the quarter'.
*** '''ctrudel bu''' or '''titnanba bu''', maybe?
* #
** '''libu'''
* $
** '''rupnu bu''' or '''meryru'u bu'''
* €
** mark:
*** '''roprupnu bu'''? Hrm.
** [[pne|pne:]]
*** try '''ronru'u bu'''. Though perhaps the spelled out '''ropno rupnu''' might be more euphonious zo'o
* %
** '''ce'ibu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** zo'o '''carmarxa bu'''
* ^
** '''te'abu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''mapku bu''' is meaning-independent
* &
** '''joibu'''
* *
** '''pi'ibu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''tarci bu''', though I don't know about the cultural neutrality of that. There's ‘★’, too.
* (
** '''tobu'''
* )
** '''toibu'''
* -
** '''vu'ubu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''pinta bu''', again, for meaning-independence
* _
** '''jorne bu'''
** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
*** '''dizlo bu'''?
**[[la guskant]]
**: .e'u cmene fa '''xi bu'''
* +
** '''su'i bu'''
* =
** '''du bu'''
**'''dunli bu'''
* {
** '''lu'i bu'''
* }
** '''lu'u bu''' (corresponding to '''lu'ibu''')
* [
** v'''ei bu'''
* ]
** '''ve'o bu'''
*|
** '''grana bu'''
*** mark:
**** Context and meaning may be significant here too. UNIX geeks call this a pipe not just because of its shape. '''tubnu bu''' is probably a bit much, but maybe there's another brivla...
*** pier:
**** I suggest '''datnyfle bu'''
*** [[User:mudri|mudri:]]
**** '''sraji bu''' .e'u
* :
** '''di'e bu''', '''zo'ubu'''
** mark, [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
*** Sometimes I think of '''zo'ubu''' for this...
** pier:
*** I think '''pi'ebu''' is the colon, rather than the semicolon.
* ;
** '''jufrypau bu''' , '''pi'e bu''' , '''kei bu'''
** pier:
*** '''jufrypau''' can be shortened to '''jufpau'''. Alternatively '''bridi bu'''.
* "
** '''lubu'''
* '
** '''.y'y.'''
* <
** '''me'i bu'''
* >
** '''za'u bu'''
* ,
** '''slaka bu'''
* .
** '''denpa bu'''
* ?
** '''xu bu''' There are a lot of other kinds of questions, maybe '''pau bu'''
** mark:
*** '''pau bu''' is probably better
* /
** '''fi'u bu'''
* \
** '''lu'e bu''' (allusion to use as escape character)
* Tab
** '''sepli bu''', '''sotkunti bu'''
* BackSpace
** '''fa'e bu'''
* Ctrl
** '''minde bu'''
* Clover
** '''flora bu'''
** '''vonpezli bu'''
* Enter
** '''linji bu'''
* Return
** '''ni'o bu'''
*** These two are the same key with different names. Why not call them both '''ni'o bu''' (since the word processing context is '''probably''' the most common)?
**** These two are not''' '''the same key with different names for all computers. Don't assume your computer is the only computer in the world.
***** I have yet to see a computer with both.
****** [[User:Nick Nicholas|nitcion]]:
******* You have yet to see a Macintosh, then. Consider me aggrieved. As a result: the PC Enter and Macintosh Return should be '''ni'o bu'''; the Macintosh Enter should be '''linji bu''', or perhaps '''boibu''', since it is associated with the Number Pad.
***** Where on a Macintosh keyboard do I find enter?
****** The Number Pad. And several programs expect it to have different functionality than Return.
****** pier:
******* I worked years ago on an IBM 3270 keyboard, where Enter and Return are completely different. Also line feed and carriage return are distinct.
*** Well if CR = '''ni'o bu''', does that mean that every paragraph starts out with an implicit '''ni'o'''? No more than that every instance of / corresponds to '''fi'u'''; we're using prototypical senses here, not absolute equivalences. And if you are translating running prose with paragraphs, each done by a single CR (so, with linewrapping, a la word processor), then I guess the answer is yes, anyway.
* Shift
** '''tau bu'''
* CapsLock
** '''ga'e bu'''
* Alt/Option
** '''drata bu'''
* Space
** '''kunti bu'''
* LeftArrow
** '''zu'a bu'''
* RightArrow
** '''ri'u bu'''
* UpArrow
** '''ga'u bu'''
* BottomArrow
** '''ni'a bu'''
* Insert
** '''setci bu'''
* Delete
** '''vimcu bu'''
* Esc
** '''dicra bu'''
* Home
* End
** '''fanmo bu'''?
* PgUp
* PgDown
* LineFeed
* Break
** '''sisti bu'''
* PrintScreen
* NumLock
* ScrollLock
*Meta (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Hyper (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)
*Super (emacs/80s-lisp modifier key)

== Command and {minde} ==

Ctrl key was '''minde bu''' but "Cmd" on Mac is '''pezli bu'''. I suggest using for Ctrl '''jitro bu''' instead. Let's to English originals. This is ambiguity that will always emerge from using English as the source, we can't rename original keys.

== Special key names ==

I think the special key names (Ctrl, Shift, Alt, etc.) are all constructed wrong.

Usage of “bu” doesn't really make sense since this is not about ''characters'' you type in a text, but about keys.

How about giving each special key a name of the form “la <whatever>”?

E.g. “la tab” = tabulator. “la jitro” = control. “la .uindos.” = Windows, “la fypav.” → F1, etc.

--[[User:Wuzzy|Wuzzy]] ([[User talk:Wuzzy|talk]]) 00:59, 9 May 2018 (UTC)