Lojban - User contributions [en]

nuzba/en

2021-01-31T22:21:44Z

Cirko: jmina tu'a la tabgapci

<noinclude><div style="text-align:right;">'''[http://mw.lojban.org/index.php?title=nuzba/en&action=feed Feed]''' ('''[[nuzba|lo lojbo se tcini]]''')</div>
== News ==</noinclude>__NOEDITSECTION__

{{enNuzba|17 January 2021|[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIrx2NgJD2jMZlz7JPmhaTw la janbe] publishes [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v{{=}}ra4ID_TUJjo tabgapci], an original song.}}
{{enNuzba|20 September 2020|[[User:Selpahi|la solpa'i]] publishes [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v{{=}}h_avoX_Xl4I Ua langu], an original song.}}
{{enNuzba|13 January 2020|The [[LFK]] is selected and begins meeting on Mattermost.}}
{{enNuzba|24 September 2018|[[la gleki]] publishes a translation of [https://jbotcan.org/lojban/en/how-the-enemy-came-to-thlunrana/ How the enemy came to Thlunrana, a story by Lord Dunsany] dedicating it to a new meeting of the [[LLG]].}}
{{enNuzba|24 July 2018|la evar usar published [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v{{=}}6kI__OTFn0o an English video introduction to Lojban].}}
{{enNuzba|15 May 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/269814241 The Magic Unsystem (makfa nalciste)]'', the fifth episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|28 April 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/267017304 The Human Inhabitans (remna xabju)]'', the fourth episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|30 March 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/262505217 The Rainforest Buffet (cavyricfoi gusta)]'', the third episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|28 February 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/257848338 The Food Web (citka je cidja ciste)]'', the second episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}

== Archives ==
{{enNuzba|30 January 2018|la guskant published [https://mentulimu.github.io/kocahokucli.html the first episode of ''mEntulimu''], a series of short videos about Lojban.}}
{{enNuzba|20 January 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/251918917 The Lay of the Land (tcila co tumla)]'', the first episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|14 September 2017|la guskant published ''[https://vimeo.com/233808507 almapamla]'', a translation of the song [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amapola_(song) Amapola]] by Joseph Lacalle}}

===04 January 2017===
[[nuzba/en#04 January 2017|-]] la uakci published ''[http://ciuak.github.io/nodareroifasnu.html no da re roi fasnu]'', a translation of Polish poem ''Nic dwa razy'' by Wisława Szymborska into Lojban.

===12 November 2016===
[[nuzba/en#12 November 2016|-]] [[la guskant]] published ''[https://vimeo.com/190637628 lo vliraitru]'', a documentary film in Lojban.

===06 November 2016===
[[nuzba/en#06 November 2016|-]] la uakci published ''[http://ciuak.github.io/sorxaizuheseicatlu.html sorxaizu'e sei catlu]'', a translation of Polish poem ''Terrorysta, on patrzy'' by Wisława Szymborska into Lojban.

===13 October 2016===
[[nuzba/en#13 October 2016|-]] la lalxu published ''[https://lynn.github.io/la-melbi-e-le-ractu/ la melbi e le ractu]'', an original short story in Lojban.

===1 June 2016===
[[nuzba/en#1 June 2016|-]] [[la selpa'i]] published [http://selpahi.weebly.com/jbo/mi-zaho-citno lu mi za'o citno li'u], an original short story in Lojban.

<includeonly><div style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold;">[[nuzba/en|Older news is available in the archives]].</div></includeonly><noinclude>

===28 April 2016===
[[nuzba/en#28 April 2016|-]] [[la guskant]] published [http://fotono.tumblr.com/post/143537131514/coi-lo-se-jbobau-joau-zantufa-xi-papipare-i-la la skaborfe'a], a protest song against [http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/open_letter/open_letter.html Gleki's dictatorship] and [[The egocentrism of a Lojban community|the egocentrism of a Lojban community]].

===30 January 2016===
[[nuzba/en#30 January 2016|-]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] published [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6fUPLWJ-f-SWDlxRi1EUTNlZTg/view?usp=sharing a free pdf file of the group book], of which the printed book was sold in November 2015. The first part contains description of Lojban in Japanese, and the second part contains original texts in Lojban by la cogas, la niftyg and la sidas.

===January 2016===
[[nuzba/en#00 January 2016|-]] Premiere of [http://eriknatanaelgustafsson.com/index.php/stycken/ovrigt/8-svenska/verk/48-progress Progress], a contemporary music containing Lojban sentences composed by Erik Natanael Gustafsson, was held at the Academy of Music and Drama of University of Gothenburg.

=== 2015 ===

===25 December 2015===
[[nuzba/en#25 December 2015|-]] [http://masatohagiwara.net/ Masato Hagiwara] released [http://lojban.lilyx.net/zmifanva/ zmifanva], a Lojban-English machine translation engine based on phrase-based statistical machine translation.

===23 November 2015===
[[nuzba/en#23 November 2015|-]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] [https://twitter.com/cogas_uasanbon/status/668620645278683137 sold group books at a temporary market.]

===7 October 2015===
[[nuzba/en#7 October 2015|-]] [[la guskant]] released la bripre episode 3 «[https://vimeo.com/141602354 lo no valsi]», a musical based on the text «[https://groups.google.com/d/topic/lojban/LnbyPkupoMA/discussion ni'o ni'o da'a mo'o notci la si]» created by la iesk.

===18 August 2015===
[[nuzba/en#18 August 2015|-]] [https://twitter.com/Djemynai la djemynai] released «[http://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/tensaia tensaĭa]», a new rap single with lyrics in lojban, and an accompanying English translation of the lyrics.

===7 August 2015===
[[nuzba/en#7 August 2015|-]] "[[BPFK Section: cmevla|Dotside]]", the practice of bookending [[cmevla]] with "dots" (denpa bu), [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/bpfk-list/dnmLsaFk22A/discussion has been approved] by [[BPFK]] as a candidate standard. Additionally, you can now follow [https://twitter.com/LojbanBPFK BPFK on Twitter].

===31 July 2015===
[[nuzba/en#31 July 2015|-]] [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu/KRbVjuX_GOA/discussion la ponjo lojbo citno girzu will sell a lojban literature book at a temporary shop managed by them and Esperantists.]

===28 July 2015===
[[nuzba/en#28 July 2015|-]] [[BPFK]] (baupla fuzykamni), Lojban's language planning committee, was [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/bpfk-list/SXxIpMLgL5s/M0yMTFEMSvoJ called to order] on the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bpfk-list bpfk-list]. Initial topics of discussion include membership, voting, and the use of lojban in committee proceedings.

===12 July 2015===
[[nuzba/en#12 July 2015|-]] la .cogas. published [https://soundcloud.com/cogas-iuk/sunday-10-38-pm «claxu be do crisa»] ("Summer Without You"), a new original song in Lojban.

===28 June 2015===
[[nuzba/en#28 June 2015|-]] The [[LLG Board of Directors]] have re-elected Robert Lechavalier as President. And Rosta has been elected Vice President. Riley Martinez-Lynch has been elected as Secretary/Treasurer. Many thanks to outgoing Vice President Veijo Vilva, and long time Secretary/Treasurer Robin Lee Powell.

===21 June 2015===
[[nuzba/en#21 June 2015|-]] la djemynai published [https://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/zao an album of lojban songs] "ZA'O".

===15 June 2015===
[[nuzba/en#15 June 2015|-]] The whole dying corpus at corpus.lojban.org was rescued by la guskant and la danr, and is available by la [[korpora zei sisku]].

===5 May 2015===
[[nuzba/en#5 May 2015|-]] [[La Guskant]] and [[User:Tijlan|La Tijlan]] published a new song and video in Lojban, [https://vimeo.com/126974807 ro lo ma'a datka] ("All of our ducks").

===4 May 2015===
[[nuzba/en#4 May 2015|-]] Corbin Simpson published his second lojban song [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG-JKVBn6c4 cicricfoi bartu] ("It's a Jungle out There" by Randy Newman).

===23 April 2015===
[[nuzba/en#23 April 2015|-]] [[La Gleki]] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/lojban/permalink/10152869763166705 announced] the development of [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/i/muplis/index.html#sisku/ocean la muplis], a tool for quickly searching the corpus of Lojban sample sentences at [http://tatoeba.org tatoeba.org].

===20 April 2015===
[[nuzba/en#20 April 2015|-]] The [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] of [[LLG]] was adjourned. Thank you to everyone who participated!

===9 April 2015===
[[nuzba/en#9 April 2015|-]] A [http://www.webdiplomacy.net/board.php?gameID=158336 game of Diplomacy] is launched, with all negotiations to be carried out in Lojban. xorxes won a [http://www.webdiplomacy.net/board.php?gameID=80849 previous game], which was played from February-April 2012.

===30 March 2015===
[[nuzba/en#30 March 2015|-]] Thanks to the efforts of [[La Gleki]] and [[User:Robin Lee Powell|Robin]], the [[LMW|Lojbanic MediaWiki]] was rededicated as the new main lojban.org web site. The older site is still available at [http://tiki.lojban.org tiki.lojban.org] for the time being.

===22 March 2015===
[[nuzba/en#22 March 2015|-]] Following the [[BPFK Reauthorization|reauthorization of BPFK]], [[La Selpa'i]] was elected as the chair of [[baupla fuzykamni|BPFK]] as part of the ongoing [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]]. A slate of [[BPFK Members|members]] were also elected: Pierre Abbat, [[La Gleki]], durka42, [[La Ilmen]], [[La Xorxes]], [[La Xalbo]], And Rosta and [[La Guskant]].

===26 February 2015===
[[nuzba/en#26 February 2015|-]] Corbin Simpson published his first lojban song [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9-YzMMp-1A galmauloi] ("Higher Ground" by Stevie Wonder).

===24 February 2015===
[[nuzba/en#24 February 2015|-]] [[LLG Members]] at the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] approved a [[BPFK Reauthorization|reauthorization]] of [[baupla fuzykamni|BPFK]]. BPFK is reorganized as a standing committee with the charge of improving and maintaining formal descriptions of Lojban, elaborating undocumented and under-documented language features, resolving inconsistencies and errors in existing documentation, and responding to issues that arise in usage.

===15 February 2015===
[[nuzba/en#15 February 2015|-]] A [https://github.com/lojban/cll/milestones/Prince%20volunteers%20formatting%20review review of formatting issues in the Prince PDF build of CLL] started on February 1. A [http://alexburka.com/lojban/prince.php continuous build], which picks up changes as they are committed to the shared repository and then generates an updated PDF, was created by durka42 to aid this effort. After two weeks, 7 out of 19 chapters have been reviewed.

===17 January 2015===
[[nuzba/en#17 January 2015|-]] An IRC session of the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] has been announced for Sunday, January 18, 2015, to take place in the #lojban channel at irc.freenode.net at 4pm UTC (8am PST, 11am EST, 5pm Paris/Berlin, 7pm Moscow, 1am January 19 Tokyo). The topic of the session will be CLL and the future of BPFK. See the [[Lojban IRC]] for details of how to connect to IRC.

===13 January 2015===
[[nuzba/en#13 January 2015|-]] [[John Cowan]] was awarded the [[LLG Honorary Officers|honorary title]] of "Archgrammarian" or "balgenpre" in recognition of the magnitude of his contributions to Lojban, and his many years as a member, director and officer of LLG.

===10 January 2015===
[[nuzba/en#10 January 2015|-]] The 2014 election for the Logical Language Group Board of Directors, held among members at the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] (ongoing), was finalized: Arkadii Balandin, Craig B. Daniel, Ali Sajid Imani, Riley Martinez-Lynch, and And Rosta were newly elected to the Board. Robert LeChevalier and Timo Paulssen were re-elected.

=== 2014 ===

===15 December 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] At the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting of LLG]] (ongoing), an unprecedented nine lojbanists from six different countries were admitted as voting members of the Logical Language Group. Welcome az, durka, gleki, guskant, ilmen, mukti, selpa'i, tsani, and xalbo!

===15 November 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/c6fXtgkPdWQ bripre jikca 9]", the tenth and final episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {skari} ("color") and it includes texts by keidji, niftg, mukti, xorxes, and junpen on that topic, as well as readings by mizu'e and durka42.

===3 November 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] The 2014 annual member's meeting of [[The Logical Language Group]] convened on November 3. The meeting will be conducted on the [http://mail.lojban.org/mailman/listinfo/llg-members llg-members mailing list] with at least one IRC session to be announced. Please respond to the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/thV52S9d6hc announcement] on the lojban-list if you do not currently have access to llg-members, but you wish to observe or participate in the meeting. The agenda includes [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban/7IS0b62FKhE/A_8FQo6QYAYJ a clarification of bylaw amendments that were approved at the 2003 meeting] and a discussion of [[Official Baseline Statement (2002/2003)|baseline policies]].

===31 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/N2ibcTzGZ7w bripre jikca 8]", the ninth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is '''fulta''' (''floating'') and it includes chef mankant's recipe for a floating island, and texts on that subject from la durka and la niftg. Submissions are requested by November 8 for the next episode (theme: '''skari''' - ''color''), to be published November 15. bripre and mankant are taking a well deserved vacation, so this will be the last episode for the time being.

===18 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/C7YvHiyXeao bripre jikca 7]", the eigth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {santa} ("umbrella") and it includes texts on that subject from graywyvern, lojytan, niftg, durka42 and mukti. Submissions are requested by October 25 for the next episode (theme: {fulta} -- "floating"), to be published November 1.

===6 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/N-Y9eBBTrxU lo jbobau cu mo]", a new "jbo-rap" by selpa'i, featuring danr, Ilmen, and durka42 is released. It is described as a "commentary on the current situation in 'Lojbanistan'" and "a call to action."

===4 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/4SLuBcfcJiI bripre jikca 6]", the seventh episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {xutla} ("smooth/silky/soft") and it includes texts on that subject from niftg, junpen and ilmen. Submissions are requested by October 11 for the next episode (theme: {santa} -- "umbrella"), to be published October 18.

===27 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] Martin Bays releases [https://gitorious.org/tersmu tersmu 0.2], a "semantic parser" for lojban, implemented in Haskell. It transforms lojban input into expressions of first order logic.

===22 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] Robin Lee Powell [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban/q5kpCvsxwHQ/xS3xfNtt7vwJ announces progress on the forthcoming update of "The Complete Lojban Language"], and asks for volunteers to help prepare it for print.

===20 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/lr-4oHGhKC4 bripre jikca 5]", the sixth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {bajra} ("to run") and it includes a text on that subject from niftg, a translation of XKCD animated and read by durka, and an eleatic footrace between mankant and the "dog". Submissions are requested by September 27 for the next episode (theme: {xutla} -- "smooth/silky/soft"), to be published October 4.

===5 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/70pHmLf7v9A bripre jikca 4]", the fifth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {kukte} ("delicious/delightful") and it includes texts on that subject from niftg, durka, tsani, mukti, and junpen, and a reading by selpa'i. Submissions are requested by September 13 for the next episode (theme: {bajra} -- "run"), to be published September 20.

===23 August 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/FUmUlysRviI bripre jikca 3]", the fourth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {fagri} ("fire") and it includes submissions on that subject from stefan, niftg, mukti, junpen and durka. Submissions are requested by August 30 for the next episode (theme: {fagri} -- "fire"), to be published September 6.

===2 August 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/huRQ5-CObUs bripre jikca 2]", the third episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {litru} ("travel") and it includes submissions on that subject from keidji, tsani, niftg , and junpen, and a reading by selpa'i. Submissions are requested by August 16 for the next episode (theme: {fagri} -- "fire"), to be published August 23.

===20 July 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csCEYlGp0vQ bripre jikca 1]", the second episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {panci} ("smell") and it includes writings and translations on that subject from numerous jbopre. Submissions are requested by July 26 for the next episode (theme: {litru} -- "travel"), to be published August 2.

===5 July 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] guskant starts a new video podcast, "[https://vimeo.com/album/3148016 bripre jikca]". The theme of the first episode is {nicte} ("night"), and it includes a translation of the poem "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiet_Night_Thought Quiet Night Thought]" by Li Pai. Submissions are requested by July 12 for the next episode, theme {panci} ("smell"), to be published July 19

===5 April 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] danr [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/sGoK80yVNPI announces] the release of "[http://korp.alexburka.com/ korpora zei sisku]", a new corpus indexing and search system.

===5 March 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] selpa'i releases his second original song, «[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLrmjRIMgAk lo mi jufra]»

=== 2013 ===

===24 December 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] selpa'i publishes [http://selpahi.de/oz_plain.html a translation of L. Frank Baum's "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"].

===10 December 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] Slate's" Lexicon Alley" podcast features [http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/lexicon_valley/2013/12/lexicon_valley_lojban_is_an_invented_language_that_aims_to_be_supremely.html an interview with Arika Okrent about lojban].

===4 October 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] guskant releases a recording of «[https://vimeo.com/113351301 la tcungatcangas pe mu sofybakni zi'e noi xorlo je xorla]», a translation of the Russian song «Tcungatcangas», including original artwork

===7 June 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] guskant releases «[https://vimeo.com/113232481 ro roi za'u re'u ji'a]»

===3 June 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] selpa'i releases an original song, «[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZomVOBE5-0 ca pa djedi]»

===29 April 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] Masato Hagiwara releases [http://masatohagiwara.net/camxes.js camxes.js], a javascript port of the [http://users.digitalkingdom.org/~rlpowell/hobbies/lojban/grammar camxes PEG parser].

===19 April 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] lojbab and Nora are [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/OWqJt0hcMQY invited] to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zg0pK-8zXA0 speak to the "Artificial Languages" class at the College of William and Mary].

===4-6 January 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] 25th anniversary LogFest is celebrated in Fairfax, VA.

===2 January 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] [http://www.amazon.com/Transhumanist-Wager-Zoltan-Istvan-ebook/dp/B00AQQSY60 Zoltan Istvan's "Transhumanist Wager"], a science fiction novel which references lojban, is published.

=== 2012 ===

===29 December 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] timo presents [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdlGxgKt7nc a lightning talk about lojban] at the 29th Chaos Communication Congress, Hamburg, Germany.

===10 December 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] [http://ihmisentila.tumblr.com/ "Ihmisen tila - The Human Condition", an original play by Jyrki Pylväs] is premiered in Helsinki, Finland. It includes [http://ihmisentila.tumblr.com/post/35208355474/toinen-otto-ja-vahan-eri-meininki a monologue in lojban] translated by selpa'i.

===1 October 2012===
[[nuzba/en#1 October 2012|-]] Yoshikuni Jujo released [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/cakyrespa cakyrespa], run turtle like LOGO with Lojban.

===24 September 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] gleki [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/TIjuYKAIjqc%5B1-25-false%5D announces] the launch of the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/mw.lojban.org Lojbanic Mediawiki].

===17 September 2012===
[[nuzba/en#17 September 2012|-]] Yoshikuni Jujo released [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/lojysamban lojysamban], Prolog with Lojban.

===26 August 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] guskant releases [https://vimeo.com/113181181 la crisa ditcu] on YouTube.

===12 June 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] Robin Lee Powell, the full member of BPFK committee suggested the idea of a Lojban hackathon; that is, a time period strictly devoted to that sort of thing, ideally in person, but at least with real-time communication throughout. Currently Lojban comunity has a very long list of programming and programming-like (CLLv1.1) things that need to happen around here. Interested may write [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/SAlyiNkAvrw here].

===7 June 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] jbonunsla, the sometimes-annual social gathering for members of the Lojban community, will be held this year in the San Francisco Bay Area, in which many Lojbanists reside. It will be held primarily on Saturday, 7 July 2012 and Sunday, 8 July 2012. The gathering will take place in a shared hotel room in San Mateo: Read [https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!topic/lojban/KtHm8qDKniM details].

===24 February 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] If you still like the feel of a book, you'll love this. An illustrated hard copy of the xorxes translation of 'Alice in Wonderland' is finally available. The book, 'lo selfri be la .alis. bei bu'u la selmacygu'e', can be found in the bookstore on the [http://www.blurb.com/bookstore/detail/3007193 Blurb] website. Blurb is one of the leading print-on-demand service providers in the USA.

=== 2011 ===

===22 August 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] The Lojban community's annual convention, [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla jbonunsla], happened over 4th of July weekend in San Mateo, California, USA. Lojbanists from all around the country convened to a single point to participate in conversation in Lojban, gaming in Lojban, and open floor activities. Pictures have been taken of the event and can be seen on the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2011 2011 jbonunsla page].

===23 June 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] The Lojban community's annual convention, [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest] (known in Lojban as [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla jbonunsla]), will be held on Saturday July 2 and Sunday July 3 at the [http://www.holidayinn.com/hotels/us/en/san-mateo/sfosm/hoteldetail/directions Holiday Inn] in San Mateo, California, USA. Experienced lojbanists who want to talk in Lojban, newbies who want to meet some of the key people in the community, and anybody who is just interested are all invited to attend what promises to be a mind-blowing experience. Attendees can travel easily from the following airports, in order of convenience: San Francisco International Airport, San Jose Airport, and Oakland International Airport. Locals with cars are available for pickup if necessary. For more information contact [mailto:rlpowell@digitalkingdom.org Robin Powell].

===3 June 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] Here is a well-presented [http://youtu.be/hO-F3OVWO4k update] on how language shapes "the most fundamental dimensions of human experiences: space, time, causality and relationships to others." [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojban+Introductory+Brochure Loglan], from which Lojban evolved, was originally designed to test this very idea. Although this has received diminished attention since that time, there appears to be a resurgence of interest in the scientific community.

===18 April 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] [http://courses.rice.edu/admweb/swkscat.main?p_action=COURSE&p_crn=16915&p_term=201210 "Introductory Lojban"] is a student-run one-credit course that will be offered at [http://www.rice.edu/ Rice University] in Houston, USA, starting August 23, 2011. The course length is 14 weeks, with each lesson lasting 1 hour. Registration is required for full participation. However, anyone is welcome to "sit in", but should contact the course presenter, Joe Anderson, beforehand. Each Rice-registered student will be provided with a copy of the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The+Complete+Lojban+Language Lojban Reference Manual]. By the end of the course, students should know the basic structure of Lojban and be able to converse in it readily. For more information, contact the course presenter, [mailto:jandew%2Blojban@gmail.com?subject=Lojban%20Course%20at%20Rice%20University Joe Anderson].

===12 April 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] An [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86&no_bl=y Arabic version of the home page] has been added to this web site. This is the last of the world's major languages (the six used for creating "gismu" - Lojban's root words) in which the home page of this site has been translated. In addition, the translation has been done for another eleven languages.

===5 March 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] March marks the first anniversary of the setting up of the Japanese-language Google Group [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-soudan%3Cbr%20/%3E "lojban-soudan"]. The group currently has about fifteen members. A lojban study group at Tokyo University is in the process of creating a [https://github.com/mhagiwara/cll-ja partial translation] of the Lojban Reference Manual (CLL). There is also a Lojban Club at Osaka University, [mailto:lamuk.lalojban.nelci@gmail.com one of whose members] is enhancing and updating the Japanese pages of this wiki.

===12 February 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] A [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/lojban+(fi)&no_bl=y Finnish version of the home page] has been added to this web site.

===5 February 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] A [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/lojban+(fr)&no_bl=y French-language home page] has been added to this website. Hopefully, this will draw more francophones across the world to Lojban. The home page is now available in 16 languages. More will be added in an effort to futher "internationalize" the lojban community.

===20 January 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] In an effort to broaden the appeal of Lojban in India, home pages in the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8&no_bl=y Hindi] and [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D&no_bl=y Kannada] languages have been added to this website. Hindi is one of two official languages of India and is spoken by close to 200M people worldwide. Kannada is the official language of the state of Karnataka which is the location of Bangalore and the centre of India's burgeoning IT industry.

===6 January 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] All four Lojban Wave lessons have been translated into Polish and are available on [https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=12wcGRHA08yMlJoGPjFw1z4kQq-HNi0_dpGIJ2cu3VFM GoogleDocs]. Hopefully, this will spread the Word in Poland where there is already a small but vibrant Lojban community!

=== 2010 ===

===18 December 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Are you a newbie and ready for your first read? Are you more experienced and would like to take on the challenge of introducing your children to a story in Lojban? Either way, you'll want to take a look at a new translation by [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Remo Dentato] of [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=784 If I had a Pet Dinasaur] by Gil Robles. It's in full colour, nicely illustrated and a wonderful quick read!

===25 November 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Today, [mailto:janek37@gmail.com Jan Szejko] (ianek) gave a short presentation on Lojban to students at the renowned Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics of the University of Warsaw in Poland. Students from this faculty have twice won first place at the world finals of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_International_Collegiate_Programming_Contest ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest].

===18 November 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_map mind map] of [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=759 Lojban word types] has been made available on the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbo_cheat_sheet cheat sheet page] of this website. This should be a particularly useful learning aid for beginners with strong visual memory. Check out the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Learning Learning] page for more information on how to start learning Lojban.

===12 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The 2010 Annual Meeting of the Logical Language Group Inc. has closed. Bob LeChevalier (USA), Arnt Johansen (Norway) and Robin Powell (USA) were re-elected to the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/LLG%20Members Board]. They are joined by two new members: Timo Paulssen (Germany) and Veijo Vilva (Finland).

===6 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Yesterday Willem Larsen, one of the creators of the language fluency game "[http://whereareyourkeys.org/ Where are your Keys?], published a blog entry called "[http://whereareyourkeys.org/2010/10/05/the-playful-world-of-conlangs/ The Playful World of Conlangs]" to the "[http://whereareyourkeys.org/ Where are your Keys?] blog. Lojban is given special mention as one of the constructed languages which has a "Where are your Keys?" community.

===5 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Alan Post has announced that [http://lodockikumazvati.org/ "lo do ckiku ma zvati]("Where are your Keys?") can now be played by e-mail [http://whereareyourkeys.org/ "Where are your Keys?"] is a language fluency game that is quickly gaining in popularity among Lojban neophytes. In it's initial version, it was played interactively - requiring students to be available at the same time. The e-mail version will make it easier for students in different time zones to participate. If you are interested in playing, please [http://groups.google.com/group/lodockikumazvati join] the group.

===1 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Starting today, Polish lojbanists have their own mailing list [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-pl/ lojban-pl]. The Polish group is currently deciding which Lojban resources to translate into Polish first. [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Marek Rogalski] is the contact. Poland is expected to be fertile ground for Lojban, having a great tradition in the field of constructed languages. Ludwik (Leyzer) Zamenhoff, the creator of Esperanto, was born in Bialystok in 1859.

===9 September 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] A new children's book [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=719 le lunra jo'u le mapku] is available. This is a translation by [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Remo Dentato] of [http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/pratham-mooncap.pdf The Moon and the Cap], written in India. This full colour PDF-format book looks just like the original, and will be a great way to introduce your children to the joys of Lojban.

===12 August 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Leo Molas will give a presentation on Lojban at the upcoming [http://www.jornadasdelsur.org.ar/2010/ "Jornadas del Sur"] convention on Monday, August 16, in Bahia Blanca, Argentina. The subject of the convention, which lasts from Saturday, August 14 to Monday, August 16, is free software and free culture. Leo's presentation will cover: What is Lojban? History. Sapir-Whorf Hyphothesis. Why learn Lojban? Basic grammar. For more information, contact [mailto:leos.molas@gmail.com Leo].

===9 August 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The 2010 Annual Meeting of the Logical Language Group Inc, will commence on 21 August 2010 at approximately 1PM EDT, on the [http://lojban.org/lists/llg-members/ llg-members list]. The meeting will be conducted by email. Members should be checking their members list email at least daily. Non-members who may be interested in becoming formal members of LLG should also attend. Please read the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Bylaws+of+The+Logical+Language+Group%2C+Inc. bylaws] of the LLG in advance of the meeting, and perhaps a few of the minutes of prior meetings, so that you have some idea what membership is all about; the LLG typically accepts anyone who shows evidence of sufficient interest and awareness of what they are signing up for. To get access privileges to the llg-members list, non-members should contact LLG Secretary [mailto:rlpowell@digitalkingdom.org Robin Powell], preferably on [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojban%20IRC IRC Chat].

===25 July 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Starting July 27, 2010, Lojban enthusiasts in the San Francisco area of the USA will meet together at regular intervals each month to communicate in and about Lojban. The venue is the home of Stephen Weeks in Mountainview. The format and content of these meetings will be set during the first meetings. The seriously curious as well as experienced lojbanists are welcome. Contact [mailto:tene@allalone.org Stephen] if you are interested in particpating.

===19 July 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] A new milestone has been reached with the implementation of over 600 Lojban's structure words ('cmavo') on [http://smart.fm/ Smart.fm]. Now, the whole of Lojban's basic vocabulary of root words, their conversions and structure words can be studied using one of the most effective learning tools currently available. Smart.fm is an adaptive flashcard system that includes audio, advanced tracking features based on a unique learning algorithm, and provides an applet for the iPhone. To take a look, go to the site, type 'Lojban' in the Search box, sign-up and start learing!

===4 July 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Lojbanists [mailto:jjllambias@gmail.com Jorge Llambias] and [mailto:leos.molas@gmail.com Leo Molas] have proposed complete sets of Lojban words for all countries, languages and currencies, basing them on ISO codes. A systematic approach to the use of these codes has enabled a virtually automatic process for producing such words - one likely to work for future, as yet unspecified codes. The sets can be found at [http://bit.ly/bgB7PV http://bit.ly/bgB7PV], [http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq], [http://bit.ly/clUVtb http://bit.ly/clUVtb] and [http://bit.ly/c43ua5 http://bit.ly/c43ua5]. Lojban words derived from foreign words or external sources are known as 'fu'ivla'. The proposal is a solution to a problem that all constructed languages share. How do you go about efficiently translating tens of thousands of words that have evolved in natural languages over thousands of years within the constraints imposed by your own language rule?'.

===22 June 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] All of Lojban's approximately 1300 'gismu' (root-words), along with their 'rafsi' (short versions of the root-words) are now implemented in the [http://www.quizlet.com/ Quizlet] flashcard memorization website. Grouped alphabetically in 28 sets, they bring the total of Lojban word sets to 169. This huge selection of sets, grouped in so many different ways, significantly facilitates vocabulary learning. By comparison, Esperanto has 274 sets, Interlingua 22, Toki Pona 22, Ido 18, Klingon 10.

===7 May 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest 2010] took place from April 30 - May 2 at [http://www.penguicon.org/ PenguiCon] 2010 in Troy, Michigan, and was a great success. Nine serious Lojbanists attended, and we attracted 3 or 4 newbies. Courtesy of Axis, here is a picture of most of the attendees, and a couple of newbies, attending a lesson.

===3 May 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The popular children's story book [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The%20Berenstain%20Bears%20Get%20in%20a%20Fight The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight] has been translated into Lojban by Andrew Piekarski and reviewed by Michael Turiansky. It can be listened to (download [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=710&page=Multimedia&download=y totus reads The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight]) as well as read. For devotees of exotic scripts, a Tengwar version is available (download [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=706&page=Tengwar&download=y 'lo la BERenstain. cribe co'a simda'a' written in Tengwar]). Michael Turiansky did the first translation of one of the Berenstain Bears series - [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The%20Berenstain%20Bears%20and%20the%20Prize%20Pumpkin The Berenstain Bears and the Prize Pumpkin].

===4 Apr 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The Lojban community's annual convention, [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest] (known in Lojban as [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla jbonunsla]), will be held during April 30 - May 2 this year at [http://www.penguicon.org/ Penguicon 2010] in Troy, Michigan in the USA. Experienced lojbanists who want to talk in Lojban, newbies who want to meet some of the key people in the community, and anybody who is just interested are all invited to attend what promises to be a mind-blowing experience. For more information contact [mailto:matt.mattarn@gmail.com Matt Arnold].

===23 Mar 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The first stage of implementing Lojban vocabulary on [http://smart.fm/ Smart.fm] has been completed. All 1300 of Lojban's root words ('gismu') can now be studied along with some 3,500 derived words ('gismu sumti'). These are organized into 'lessons', three of which are now ready. Additional lessons for learning over 600 structure words ('cmavo') are now in development. Smart.fm is an adaptive flashcard learning tool that includes audio, advanced tracking features based on a unique learning algorithm, and provides an applet for the iPhone. To take a look, go to the site, type 'Lojban' in the Search box, sign-up and start learing!

===10 Mar 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Students at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland have started a Lojban Society. Hosting weekly meetings in a local pub, the group has 12 members after its first month. The group is to provide a social environment for people sharing an interest in Lojban and, in the future, act as a resource for Lojban-related projects at the University. Certainly repeatable at any university (or anywhere for that matter!). To find out more, contact [mailto:lojban@st-andrews.ac.uk lojban@st-andrews.ac.uk].

===2 Mar 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] [http://whereareyourkeys.org/ "Where are your Keys?"] is a language fluency game that rapidly builds fluency in a language by making the techniques used to teach language transparent to the student so they can be used for self-directed learning. A "Where are your Keys?" website focused specifically toward learning Lojban is now online: [http://lodockikumazvati.org/ "lo do ckiku ma zvati"]. Come and play "lo do ckiku ma zvati!" Contact [mailto:alyn.post@lodockikumazvati.org Alan Post] for more information.

===19 Feb 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] An invitation has been made by an author on [http://forum.spore.com/jforum/posts/list/51236.page The Sporum], the official Spore forum, for a discussion about Lojban. If you have an opinion to share with others, go for it! Spore is a popular multi-genre single-player metaverse god game published by Electronic Arts. The forum has a Science and Spore section for participants who are science buffs.

===3 Feb 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Work has started on making Smart.fm available to students of Lojban vocabulary. At its core, [http://smart.fm/Smart.fm Smart.fm] is an adaptive flashcard learning tool but with audio and advanced tracking features. A review can be found [http://www.freetech4teachers.com/2009/11/smartfm-independent-learning-platform.html here]. Beginners will find learning lojban vocabulary using Smart.fm fun and fast! If you already have a basic knowledge of lojban pronunciation and know how gismu work, and would like to contribute to this project, contact [mailto:eyeonus@gmail.com Jon "Top Hat" Jones].

===5 Jan 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Today, BBC Radio 4 aired another episode of its Word of Mouth program. Lojban was discussed along with Esperanto, Láadan and Klingon. To listen to it, download [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=677&page=Multimedia&download=y BBC program on constructed languages.]

=== 2009 ===

===30 Nov 2009===
[[nuzba/en#2009|-]] [http://www.amazon.com/gp/offer-listing/0966028309?seller=A2STSAFJP9WB2P The Complete Lojban Language] by John Woldemar Cowan is now available to buy from Amazon.com, and just in time for the holiday season. Treat yourself or someone special!

===1 Aug 2009===
[[nuzba/en#2009|-]] [http://www.jbotcan.org/ jbotcan], the lojbanic channel, is back up. It features anonymous imageboards, an rss feed that collects news from all over and more goodies! Be sure to check it out!

=== 2007 ===

===14 May 2007===
[[nuzba/en#2007|-]] Today, Timo and Cizra released their animation short '''lai citno melbi pinpedi'''. You can [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1710885982433758647 watch it on Google Video now]! If that title sounds familiar, you may have seen [http://perpetuum-immobile.de/komo.png this comic strip] before. In other news, the same Timo has been busy creating Jbobac, a Lojbanic audio board that anyone can post to. Just point your browser to [http://jbobac.lojban.org/ http://jbobac.lojban.org/], and join the action!

=== 2006 ===

===1 December 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://xkcd.com/c191.html Welcome, xkcd readers]! Join some [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojbanic+Forums Lojbanic Forums]. The Lojban-speaking community loves xkcd, so getting xkcd'ed is as good as getting Slashdotted, Dugg or Farked. The author of xkcd is expressing a sentiment similar to Groucho Marx's statement, "I don't care to belong to a club that accepts people like me as members." [[File:icon_smile.gif|:-)]] We can definitely laugh at ourselves, and exposure to xkcd's target audience (math, linguistics, and sarcasm) will probably result in at least one more participant in our hobby.

===27 October 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] ''Today'' I'm going to send in the Lojban group registration for Philcon. Email me your name and address and PayPal your registration now. I mean right now!

===20 October 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] Only ''one week left'' to get in on the Lojban group's discount rate to register for [http://www.philcon.org/ Philcon] in Philadelphia, the science fiction convention where the annual Lojban Festival will be held on November 17 through 19. See [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] for details, including our stellar Lojbanic guest list and schedule of events. We now have two rooms to put you up in if your expenses are tight. You can still register after we send in the group registration, but it will cost more. It might be the most fun Lojbanic meeting ever. I'm serious, now is the time to get in on this! -Eppcott

===03 October 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://community.livejournal.com/lojban The Lojban community blog on Livejournal] is now embedded on [http://www.lojban.org/ the Lojban homepage], as part of the plan discussed in[http://community.livejournal.com/lojban/8245.html Friday's entry]. Prepare for a digest of all the Lojbanic goodness the web has to offer! You don't have to have a [http://www.livejournal.com/ Livejournal account] to subscribe to [http://community.livejournal.com/lojban/data/atom the web feed]. You do need an LJ account to post, but if you don't want to get an LJ account you can just send your contribution to [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Matt+Arnold Matt Arnold] who will post it to the blog for you.

===12 September 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] Lojban was mentioned in [http://online.wsj.com/google_login.html?url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB115802923001560290.html%3Fmod%3Dgooglenews_wsj an article in the Wall Street Journal], "How Hartmut Pilch, Avid Computer Geek, Bested Microsoft", by Mary Jacoby. The free sample text made available online reads as follows:

<div>BRUSSELS — A proposal here to create a new European patents court has the support of Microsoft Corp., Siemens AG and many other giants of Western industry. But can it survive an attack from Hartmut Pilch?

A 43-year-old linguist from Munich, Mr. Pilch speaks Chinese, Japanese and an artificial language called Lojban intended to eliminate ambiguity and promoted by some programmers. He is the unlikely leader of a movement of self-styled computer geeks out to sink a patents plan they say would stifle software programmers.

"Patents on software mean any programmer can be sued at any time," says Mr. Pilch, ...</div>

===28 August 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] The next Lojban Fest for 2006 will be held at [http://www.philcon.org/ Philcon] in Philadelphia, November 17 through 19, 2006. Check out the page[http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] for the schedule and attendees so far, as well as registration details. Newcomers are especially welcome to join us! Keep checking the schedule as we continue to work with the [http://www.kli.org/ Klingon Language Institute] about the possibility of collaborative content between Lojban and Klingon at Philcon!

===20 July 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] Have you visited the land where Lojban is spoken? It's called [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj], meaning "computerized imaginary universe". It's a text-based world on the internet, where you can operate a character using commands in either English or Lojban: the online software is bilingual. Lojban is like the language of magic in [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj]--speaking it can bring objects into existence and give them form and function. You don't even need a plane ticket. Just [http://teddyb.org/cgi-bin/moo_ssh.html click here] and use the password "moo" to log in as a guest until you have your own account. Commands are typed in the bottom-most part of the window. Guest accounts are limited to using English, so type the "register" command to get your own account. It's totally free. More information, including other ways to access samxarmuj, is available at the wiki page about [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The+Lojban+MOO The Lojban MOO]. Intense labor on the part of many skilled programmers in our community has brought forth one of the most exciting venues in which to use Lojban that this language has ever had. Today, the software leaves Beta. It is with bated breath that we launch this massively multiplayer system and declare it ready for the public. But now we need to massively populate it. We are currently summoning new mages of every skill level. Come build your own part of the land. Although you do not have to speak Lojban to adventure in the land as it forms out of the nothingness around us, all spells must be cast in correct Lojban. Whatever power hears our descriptions of [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj], and turns them into reality, will respond to no other language. This land also welcome tourists with no skill in Lojban at all. Feel free to ask us any question about how to use the system. With enough interest, we may even be able to establish the Lojbanic equivalent of a Hogwarts academy for novice Lojban magicians! Who knows? Welcome to [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj]! Go native!

===4 May 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] was held at [http://www.penguicon.org/ Penguicon] in Michigan, April 21-23 2006. Next up for [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] will be [http://www.philcon.org/2006/ Philcon 2006] in November!

===24 Mar 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006], a celebration of the Logical Language, will be held at the science fiction convention and open source software expo [http://www.penguicon.org/ Penguicon] in Michigan, April 21-23 2006. This does not exclude others hosting LogFests of their own in 2006.

===4 Jan 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest] was held at PhilCon in Philadelphia from December 9th to December 11th. It was a quite successful event, despite a turnout that was a bit lower than expected. More details in the page about [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Logfest+2005 Logfest 2005].

=== 2005 ===

===13 Nov 2005===
[[nuzba/en#2005|-]] As the Secretary, I apologize for the lateness of this announcement, but I only got full confirmation 10 days ago myself. [http://www.philcon.org/2005/ Philcon - The Philadelphia Conference of Science Fiction and Fantasy] has agreed to have a room set aside for LogFest 2005! Philcon 2005 is being held at the Philadelphia Marriott Downtown on December 9th-11th, 2005. That's '''IN 26 DAYS'''! I know that's really, really short notice, but if we can get enough people to show up, they'll do it for us next year too, and hopefully that relationship will continue far into the future. People showing up for LogFest '''will''' have to buy PhilCon memberships. Please let me know if that, or any other aspect of these arrangements, provides an unacceptable financial burden to you. I, and others, are willing to help put up some money for active Lojbanists who want to come. We don't know how big the room is going to be yet, but I've told them we expect about 10 people.

===5 Sep 2005===
[[nuzba/en#2005|-]] ''Complete site overhaul!'' Most of the lojban.org content has been moved from a set of static HTML pages to a [http://www.tikiwiki.org/ TikiWiki] content management system. The number of changes caused by this are too long to list. In addition, the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/LLG+2004+Annual+Meeting+Minutes LLG 2004 Annual Meeting Minutes] have been posted.

=== 2004 ===

===2 May 2004===
[[nuzba/en#2004|-]] A variety of minor bug fixes were done on the site, as well as some more major items. The front page was returned to CSS, XHTML and Bobby Level 3 compliance. The problem with clicking on one of the maps causing the maps to stop functioning was fixed. A couple of one-sheet brochures were added to [http://www.lojban.org/publications/brochures.html the brochures page]. The 25 November 2002 Board Meeting minutes were added. The 2003 annual meeting minutes were added.

=== 2003 ===

===10 September 2003===
[[nuzba/en#2003|-]] What is Lojban? is now available for purchase! The lojban.org site is now available, at least partially, in a variety of different languages. The vast majority of the site has been marked up in a way to make easy translation possible, but not all of the actual translation has been done. If you want to help, please contact the webmaster. Also, there is now a web-based IRC client available on the Forums page. The French and Spanish Lojban lists are now available. A Lojbanic translation program has been installed.

===11 May 2003===
[[nuzba/en#2003|-]] Some bylaw changes from 1992 were incorporated. Split off of Old Projects into a seperate page, many changes (mostly minor) to the projects and committees pages. Markup changes all over the place. The full changes list can be found at [http://www.lojban.org/cgi-bin/aegis.cgi?file@chan_menu+project@lojban-web+change@144 the Aegis change page for change number 144].

===7 April 2003===
[[nuzba/en#2003|-]] This is the first site update in a long time, and as such it's a big one. The site now has [http://www.bestpractical.com/rt/ Request Tracker] set up, and that is being used to manage necessary changes. The Level 0 book was added to the main site, a Helping Lojban page, a Help page, and a Feedback page were all added, and jbovlaste and Request Tracker were both linked in.

=== 2002 ===

===30 December 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] An IRC logging system has been set up. See [http://www.lojban.org/resources/forums.html the Lojbanic Forums page]. Also, many pages have been edited to point to wiki.lojban.org as the official wiki site, which will continue to be the right place even if someone else takes it over.

===28 November 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] The new [[Official Baseline Statement (2002/2003)|Baseline Statement]], from the LLG has been posted.

===14 November 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] Addition to the [http://www.lojban.org/llg/projects.html Official Projects Page], minor fixes and updates.

===24 October 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] A [http://www.lojban.org/resources/promotional.html Promotional Materials] page has been created. Also, I've made a [http://www.lojban.org//cgi-bin/twiki/view/Files/ Community Files Area], which is a TWiki (a web-based colloborative space).

===21 October 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] The [http://www.lojban.org/resources/faq.html Lojban FAQ] has been updated and moved and revamped and such. .uisai Thanks go to [http://www.lojban.org/mailto:daltonG@digitalkingdom.org Dalton Graham] for doing most of the work.

===23 September 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] There has been a major revamp of the Resources section. It has a lot more information in it now.

===18 September 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] The old minutes of the LLG have been posted, thanks to [http://www.miranda.org/~jkominek/ Jay Kominek]. He also html formatted the bylaws. See [http://www.lojban.org/publications.html the LLG publications page]. The [http://www.lojban.org/llg/projects.html official LLG Projects] page has been constructed. Please submit anything you are working on! An [http://www.lojban.org/llg/committees.html official LLG Committees] page has also been added. An interactive story has been added; see [http://www.lojban.org/texts/original.html the original lojbanic texts page].

===9 August 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] As may be obvious, I just made some drastic changes to the layout of the site. Please let me ([http://www.lojban.org/mailto:webmaster@lojban.org webmaster@lojban.org]) know what you think!

===23 July 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] LogFest, the annual gathering of lojbanists, is this coming weekend. Also, the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Members of the LLG will be held on Sunday, July 28th (during LogFest). The 2002 Annual Meeting of the Members of the LLG will be held at 1030AM EDT on Sunday July 28, 2002 at lojbab's house, 2904 Beau Lane, Fairfax VA 22031 USA. There being insufficient notice as required, no bylaw changes can be considered. LogFest mostly consists of a bunch of people hanging out at lojbab's house, talking in and about lojban. The annual meeting always occurs during LogFest.

===1 July 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] There was a major (several day) downtime of this site, due to bad RAM, which in turn caused file system corruption. The problem has been solved, and this machine now has a new, larger hard drive, as well as a completely new operating system (NetBSD 1.5.2). In addition, since the last update this machine has gotten a much faster processor and been moved into a co-location facility with a connection to the internet that is close to 300Mb/s.

===2 May 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] Minor website updates have been made. In particular, the contents of the Learning Lojban sections have been slightly improved, and many relative links have been fixed.

===18 April 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] Amazing news! The first draft of the Alice In Wonderland translation appears to be complete. The only things missing are a couple of the chapter titles and one stanza of a poem, as of this writing. Please go take a look in the Translations section!

=== Older News ===

* [http://www.lojban.org/oldnews/26May2000.html 26 May 2000]
* [[Lojban timeline]]
</noinclude>

nuzba

2021-01-31T22:18:56Z

Cirko: jmina tu'a la tabgapci

<noinclude>
<div style="text-align:right;">'''[http://mw.lojban.org/index.php?title=nuzba&action=feed nuzyfle]''' (to zoi zoi ''[[nuzba/en|English version]]'' zoi toi)</div>
==ni'o ni'o nuzba==
</noinclude>__NOEDITSECTION__

===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2021 pi'e 01 pi'e 17===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2021 pi'e 01 pi'e 17|.i]] [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIrx2NgJD2jMZlz7JPmhaTw la janbe] cu gubgau [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ra4ID_TUJjo la tabgapci ku] noi .elsa
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 09 pi'e 20===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 09 pi'e 20|.i]] [[User:Selpahi|la solpa'i]] cu gubgau [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_avoX_Xl4I la'o sy.Ua langu.sy.] noi .elsa
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 01 pi'e 13===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 01 pi'e 13|.i]] [[LFK|la lojbo fuzykamni]] cu se zastygau [[LLG|la lojbangri]] gi'e co'a casnu se pi'o la .matermost.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 09 pi'e 24===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 09 pi'e 24|.i]] [[la gleki]] se pu'o lo nu [[LLG|la lojbangri]] cu jmaji cu gubgau [https://jbotcan.org/lojban/en/how-the-enemy-came-to-thlunrana/ la'au lisri le nu le bradi cu klama la tlunranan. li'u] noi lo se fanva be fu ke'a cu se finti la'o gy.Lord Dunsany.gy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 07 pi'e 24===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 07 pi'e 24|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v{{=}}6kI__OTFn0o su'o skina je ci'ekle be lo glicybau ku je kosmu be lo ka se pi'o ce'u co'a slabu fa lo jbobau]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 05 pi'e 15===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 05 pi'e 15|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/269814241 la'au makfa nalciste li'u] noi vo moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 04 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 04 pi'e 28|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/267017304 la'au remna xabju li'u] noi vo moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 03 pi'e 30===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 03 pi'e 30|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/262505217 la'au cavyricfoi gusta li'u] noi ci moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 02 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 02 pi'e 28|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/257848338 la'au citka je cidja ciste li'u] noi re moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra

<includeonly><div style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold;" class="noprint">[[nuzba|.i lo pruda'o zmadu fasnu zo'u...]]</div></includeonly><noinclude>
==ni'o ni'o ba'o nuzba==
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 30===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 30|.i]] [[User:Guskant|la .guskant.]] cu gubgau [https://mentulimu.github.io/kocahokucli.html la'au ko ca'o kucli li'u] noi pa moi co kinpau la'au mEntulimu li'u noi kinpoi fi ra fe lo jbobau
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 20===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 20|.i]] [[User:Guskant|la .guskant.]] cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/233808507 la .almapamla ku] noi .elsa gi'e xe fanva lo se finti be la'o gy.Joseph Lacalle.gy. be'o po'u la'o sy.Amapola.sy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 09 pi'e 14===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 09 pi'e 14|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/251918917 la'au tcila co tumla li'u] noi pa moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 01 pi'e 04===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 01 pi'e 04|.i]] la uakci cu gubgau pa xe fanva be lo pemci be fi la visuuavas cimborskas be'o be'o poi se cmene [http://ciuak.github.io/nodareroifasnu.html lu no da re roi fasnu li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 12===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 12|.i]] [[la guskant]] cu gubgau pa to'e cfika skina poi se cmene [https://vimeo.com/190637628 lu lo vliraitru li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 06===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 06|.i]] la uakci cu gubgau pa xe fanva be lo pemci be fi la visuuavas cimborskas be'o be'o poi se cmene [http://ciuak.github.io/sorxaizuheseicatlu.html lu sorxaizu'e sei catlu li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 10 pi'e 13===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 10 pi'e 13|.i]] la lalxu cu gubgau pa cnino prosa poi se cmene [https://lynn.github.io/la-melbi-e-le-ractu/ lu la melbi e le ractu li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 6 pi'e 1===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 6 pi'e 1|.i]] [[la selpa'i]] cu gubgau pa cnino tordylisri poi se cmene [http://selpahi.weebly.com/jbo/mi-zaho-citno lu mi za'o citno li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 4 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 4 pi'e 28|.i]] [[la guskant]] cu gubgau [http://fotono.tumblr.com/post/143537131514/coi-lo-se-jbobau-joau-zantufa-xi-papipare-i-la la skaborfe'a] ku no'u lo selsa'a co pante be [http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/open_letter/open_letter.html lo ka vliraitru kei po la gleki ge'u] jo'u [[The egocentrism of a Lojban community|lo ka vliraitru cinmo kei po lo pa lojbo cecmu]]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1 pi'e 30===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1 pi'e 30|.i]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] cu gubgau [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6fUPLWJ-f-SWDlxRi1EUTNlZTg/view?usp=sharing lo pdf datnyvei be fi'o jdima noda] be'o noi lo prina be ke'a cu se vecnu de'i li 2015 pi'e 11 .i lo pamoi be lo re pagbu cu ve skicu la lojban bau lo banjupunu .i lo romoi cu jufra fi la lojban fi'e la cogas jo'u la niftyg jo'u la sidas
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1|.i]] pa re'u gubni fa la'o gy [http://eriknatanaelgustafsson.com/index.php/stycken/ovrigt/8-svenska/verk/48-progress Progress] gy no'u lo cedrymi'u zgike be fi'e la'o sy Erik Natanael Gustafsson sy be'o noi se pagbu lo lojbo jufra ku'o bu'u la'o sy Högskolan för scen och musik sy
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 12 pi'e 25===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 12 pi'e 25|.i]] [http://masatohagiwara.net/ la masatos xagiuaras] cu finti la [http://lojban.lilyx.net/zmifanva/ zmifanva] ku no'u lo banjubu'o joi bangenugu ke lairtcinyske ke minji fanva proga
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 11 pi'e 23===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 11 pi'e 23|.i]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] cu [https://twitter.com/cogas_uasanbon/status/668620645278683137 vecnu lo girzu cukta bu'u lo zasni zarci]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 10 pi'e 7===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 10 pi'e 7|.i]] [[la guskant]] cu gubgau la bripre ci mo'o no'u «[https://vimeo.com/141602354 la'au lo no valsi li'u]» noi zgike ji'u «[https://groups.google.com/d/topic/lojban/LnbyPkupoMA/discussion la'au ni'o ni'o da'a mo'o notci la si li'u]» noi jufra fi'e la iesk
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 18===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 18|.i]] [https://twitter.com/Djemynai la djemynai] cu gubgau la «[http://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/tensaia tensaĭa]» ku noi ra'apxu selsa'a be bau la .lojban. .i ji'a lo xe fanva be fi lo glico cu gubni
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 7===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 7|.i]] [[BPFK Section: cmevla|lo javni be lo nu lo cmevla cu se sruri lo depybu'i kei]] [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/bpfk-list/dnmLsaFk22A/discussion mo'u se zanru gi'e jai se stidi] vau [[BPFK|lo cmima be byfy]] .i ta'o byfy co'a gubgau [https://twitter.com/LojbanBPFK lo ri nuzyfle bu'u la .tu'iter.]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 31===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 31|.i]] [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu/KRbVjuX_GOA/discussion la ponjo lojbo citno girzu cu ba vecnu lo lojbo tertcidu cukta bu'u lo zasni zaisle noi vo'a joi lo spero cu jitro ke'a]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 28|.i]] [[BPFK|byfy]] no'u la baupla fuzykamni be fi la lojbangirzu cu [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/bpfk-list/SXxIpMLgL5s/M0yMTFEMSvoJ co'a cuntu] bu'u lo mriste po'u la'o zoi [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bpfk-list bpfk-list] zoi .i casnu mu'a lo javni be lo nu cmibi'o kei .e lo nu cmicu'a be'o .e lo du'u xu kau lo jbobau ba ro pa mei lo bangu poi se pilno la kamni
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 12===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 12|.i]] la .cogas. cu gubgau la'e lu [https://soundcloud.com/cogas-iuk/sunday-10-38-pm claxu be do crisa] li'u noi selsa'a bau lo lojbo
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 28|.i]] [[LLG Board of Directors |lo fuzraikamni be la lojbangirzu]] cu cmicu'a ja'e lo nu la'o zoi Robert LeChevalier zoi cu za'u re'u kagja'a .i la'o zoi And Rosta zoi cu co'a vipsi kagja'a .i la'o zoi Riley Martinez-Lynch zoi cu co'a ci'arse'u je baxpre .i io ckire la'o zoi Veijo Vilva zoi noi ba'o vipsi kagja'a ku'o .e la'o zoi Robin Lee Powell zoi noi pu ze'u ci'arse'u je baxpre
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 21===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 21|.i]] la djemynai cu gubgau la'au za'o li'u no'u [https://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/zao lo albuma be lo selsa'a be bau la lojban]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 15===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 15|.i]] piro lo co'a morsi pe'a korpora be bu'u la corpus.lojban.org cu se nurgau la guskant joi la danr gi'e co'a te sisku fi la [[korpora zei sisku]]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 5===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 5|.i]] [[User:Guskant|la guskant]] joi [[User:Tijlan|la tijlan]] co'a gubgau lo skina be lo selsa'a no'u la'au [https://vimeo.com/126974807 ro lo ma'a datka] li'u to la'o dy Alle meine Entchen dy noi se fanva [[User:Selpa'i|la selpa'i]] toi

===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 4===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 4|.i]] la'o zoi Corbin Simpson zoi cu gubgau la [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG-JKVBn6c4 cicricfoi bartu] ku to la'o zoi It's a Jungle out There by Randy Newman zoi toi noi remoi be lo lojbo selsa'a be vo'a
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 23===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 23|.i]] [[la gleki]] cu [https://www.facebook.com/groups/lojban/permalink/10152869763166705 te nuzba] lo farvi no'u [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/i/muplis/index.html#sisku/ocean la muplis] noi tutci lo nu sutra lo nu zvasisku fi lo korpora be lo lojbo mupli tedi'o la'o zoi [http://tatoeba.org tatoeba.org] zoi
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 20===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 20|.i]] lo nu [[LLG|la lojbangirz]] cu [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|jdijmaji kei be de'i'e li 2014]] cu mulno .i ki'e lo ro cmizu'e
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 2 pi'e 26===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 2 pi'e 26|.i]] la'o zoi Corbin Simpson zoi cu gubgau la [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9-YzMMp-1A galmauloi] ku to la'o zoi Higher Ground by Stevie Wonder zoi toi noi pamoi be lo lojbo selsa'a be vo'a
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 10 pi'e 1===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 10 pi'e 1|.i]] la iocikun cu co'a gubgau [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/cakyrespa la cakyrespa] ku no'u lo lojbo me la'o zoi LOGO zoi
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 9 pi'e 17===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 9 pi'e 17|.i]] la iocikun cu co'a gubgau [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/lojysamban la lojysamban] no'u lo lojbo me la'o zoi Prolog zoi

===ni'o li'o <ref>.i lo drata nuzba cu sorcu bau lo bangenugu [[nuzba/en|pa moi]] ja [[Lojban timeline|re moi]]</ref>===
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 2 pi'e 24===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 2 pi'e 24|.i]] la'e zoi gy. [http://alis.lojban.org/ Alice in Wonderland] .gy. lu'u no'u lo cukta be fo lo verba cu se fanva la'o gy. xorxes .gy. la lojban. gi'e pelji se prina
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 6 pi'e 23===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 6 pi'e 23|.i]] lonu cfari fa le jbonunsla cu se tcika li ji'i 9 ma'i la'o zoi. PDT .zoi. li 2011 pi'e 7 pi'e 2 le xotli be la'o zoi. San Mateo USA .zoi. bei me'e la'o zoi. Holiday Inn .zoi.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 3 pi'e 9===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 3 pi'e 9|.i]] li pi'e ci cu detke'u li pa lo nu cfagau lo ponjo bangu ke me la gugl girzu po'u la'o zoi. lojban-soudan .zoi.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 1 pi'e 26===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 1 pi'e 26|.i]] tezu'e lonu la lojban. cu zenba loka cinri lo selgu'e be la <nowiki>indias.ke</nowiki>i kei lo xelfanva be tu'a lo pamoi mutpapri be ti be'o bei lo xinbau .e lo banku'anu cu seljmina fi le se mutpapri
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 12 pi'e 18===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 12 pi'e 18|.i]] xu do cnino tadni la lojban gi'e bredi lonu pare'u tcidu lo la .lojban. cukta .i xu do makcu tadni gi'e djica lonu jarco tu'a la .lojban. lo do verba .iseju .e'u ko catlu lo cnino xelfanva be la'e zoi gy. [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=784 If I had a Pet Dinosaur] .gy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 11 pi'e 18===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 11 pi'e 18|.i]] lo menli cartu cu se finti sera'a lo vlalei .i su'anai ra plixau lo nintadni pe sekai lo viska mo'isro tepi'o lo cilre sidju .i .e'u ko catlu le mutpapri pe me'e la'o gy. [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Learning Learning] .gy. tezu'e lonu facki fi lo co'a cilre tadji
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 10 pi'e 12===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 10 pi'e 12|.i]] le nanca nunjmaji be la lojbangirz. cu mulno .i la <nowiki>robrt.le</nowiki>cevalier. jo'u la <nowiki>arnt.rikard.iu</nowiki>xansen. jo'u la <nowiki>rabin.lis.pa</nowiki>u,el. za'ure'u se cuxna ja'e lonu cmibi'o lo fuzraikamni .i la <nowiki>timos.pa</nowiki>ulsen. jo'u la <nowiki>veion.vi</nowiki>lvan. cu binxo lo cnino cmima
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 9 pi'e 9===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 9 pi'e 9|.i]] la'e zoi gy. [[:File:719.sip|The Moon and the Cap]] .gy. lu'u no'u lo cukta be fo lo verba cu se fanva la'o gy. [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Remo Dentato] .gy. la lojban.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 8 pi'e 17===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 8 pi'e 17|.i]] lonu cfari fa le nanca nunjmaji be la lojbangirz cu se tcika li ji'i 13 ma'i la'o zoi. EDT .zoi. li 2010 pi'e 8 pi'e 21 le snustu po'u la'o zoi. llg-members .zoi.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 7 pi'e 4===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 7 pi'e 4|.i]] loi jbopre po'u la'o zoi. Jorge Llambias .zoi. jo'u la'o zoi. Leon Molas .zoi. cu stidi tu'a lo mulno selcmi be lo fu'ivla be tu'a lo gugde .e tu'a lo bangu .e tu'a lo rupnu be'o bei ji'u lo mifra be fi la'o zoi. ISO .zoi. .i ko catlu fy noi judri diklo
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/bgB7PV http://bit.ly/bgB7PV] .zoi. .e
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq] .zoi. .e
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/clUVtb http://bit.ly/clUVtb] .zoi. .e
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/c43ua5 http://bit.ly/c43ua5] .zoi
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 6 pi'e 22===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 6 pi'e 22|.i]] loi gismu pacinonomei ku jo'u loi rafsi pe ri ca mo'u se punji fi lo se mutpapri poi se cmene la'o zoi. Quizlet .zoi. .i ra se cmigau fi rebi selcmi fi'o te jmina lo paxabimei .i lei so'imei be le'i selcmi noi se cmigau lo frica cu filgau lo nu morji tu'a lo jbovla. .i zu'unai la esperanton. fa'u la. interlinguas. fa'u la <nowiki>tokis.po</nowiki>nas. fa'u la. .idon. fa'u la klinon. ckaji loka ponse rezevo cmima fa'u rere cmima fa'u rere cmima fa'u pabi cmima fa'u pano cmima
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 5 pi'e 3===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 5 pi'e 3|.i]] la'e zoi gy. [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight] .gy. lu'u se fanva fi la lojban. .iji'a ra te snavei .i tezu'e lonu tirna le snavei kei ko cpacu la'e zoi gy. totus reads The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight .gy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 10===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 10|.i]] so'o tadni pe lo la <nowiki>seint.an</nowiki>drus. balcu'e ku noi zvati le kotygu'e cu zbasu lo la lojban. bende
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 2===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 2|.i]] la'o gy. [http://whereareyourkeys.org/ Where are your keys?] .gy. cu filta'a bangu se ci'erkei. .i la <nowiki>alyn.po</nowiki>st. cu favgau ri la'e lu [http://lodockikumazvati.org/ lo do ckiku ma zvati] li'u tezu'e lonu sidju fi lonu cilre la lojban.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 2 pi'e 19===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 2 pi'e 19|.i]] lo cmizu'e be tu'a lo snukarni ku po'u la'o gy. [http://forum.spore.com/jforum/posts/list/51236.page The Sporum] .gy. cu vi'ecpe fi lonu casnu la lojban.
==ni'o ni'o pinka==
<references/></noinclude>__NOTOC__

magic Words Alternatives

2021-01-02T05:25:33Z

Cirko: Cirko moved page magic Words Alternatives to Magic Words alternatives: capitalize

#REDIRECT [[Magic Words alternatives]]

Magic Words alternatives

2021-01-02T05:25:33Z

Cirko: Cirko moved page magic Words Alternatives to Magic Words alternatives: capitalize

== xorxes' Version ==

Magic words are all cmavo that have some interaction with words as words irrespective of their function. These are SI SA SU ZO ZOI LOhU LEhU ZEI BU and FAhO. (BAhE, even though it can modify any word, is not a magic word, because it doesn't affect the function of the word it modifies.)

=== Meta-Rule ===

# Magic words are processed left-to-right.

# Y is not a word (i.e. it is considered whitespace) for the purposes of these definitions.

=== Proposed definitions ===

# '''ZO''' turns the following word into a ''quoted word'', which behaves as a member of KOhA.

# '''LOhU''' turns all following Lojban words up to a LEhU into a ''LOhU-quote'', which behaves as a member of KOhA.

# '''LEhU''' terminates a LOhU-quote. It is never elidable.

# '''ZEI''' combines the preceding word, quoted word, LOhU-quote, ZEI-lujvo, lerfu word, or ZOI-phrase together with the following word into a ''ZEI-lujvo'', which behaves as a member of BRIVLA.

# '''BU''' turns the preceding word, quoted word, LOhU-quote, ZEI-lujvo, lerfu word, or ZOI-phrase into a ''lerfu word'', which behaves as a member of BY.

# '''ZOI''' uses the following word as a delimiting word, and turns anything that follows until the delimiting word is found again into a ''ZOI-phrase'', which behaves as a member of KOhA.

# '''SI''' erases the preceding word, quoted word, LOhU-quote, ZEI-lujvo, lerfu word, or ZOI-phrase. The construct becomes invisible to the rest of the text.

# '''SA''' erases the preceding text back until it sees a word of the same selma'o as the word that follows SA, which replaces it. (Words that have been turned into a quoted word, a LOhU-quote, a zei-lujvo, a lerfu word, or a delimiter in a ZOI-phrase are invisible to SA, but the magic word in those constructs is visible.) The construct becomes invisible to the rest of the text.

# '''SU''' erases all words back to the beginning of text. The construct becomes invisible to the rest of the text.

# '''FAhO''' terminates the text, absorbing preceding words until the remaining text is grammatical.

=== Marking Words ===

* '''BAhE''' marks the following word but does not change its nature. The construct behaves just as that word by itself.
* Attitudinals ('''UI''' and '''CAI''' cmavo) mark the previous word, quoted word, LOhU-quote, ZEI-lujvo, lerfu word, or ZOI-phrase, but do not change its nature. Attitudinals do not blend into a single word with the word they modify, but remain as separate words for the purposes of magic words that come after them.

* '''DAhO''', '''FUhE''', and '''FUhO''' are the same as UI, but do not absorb a following NAI.

== Comparison ==

A comparison between this method and Robin's method below. Bear in mind that all of these differences could theoretically be rectified by exceptions to one or the other method.

{|class=wikitable
|-
! Subject Phrase !! LTR !! Precedence
|-
| broda .y. bu || The letter broda || broda + The letter y
|-
| zoi si stuff si || "stuff" || Error (first si erases the zoi)
|-
| da zoi sa da joi de || Unclosed zoi || da joi de
|-
| da zei fa'o || Lujvo of da and fa'o || Error (unclosed zei)
|-
| lo'u co co zo le'u co le'u || Error ("co le'u" outside of quotes) || "co co le'u co"
|-
| zoi si doi do || Uclosed zoi || doi do
|-
| zo da si || Nothing || Open zo
|-
| zo da si si || Error (too many si) || Nothing
|-
| da zei de bu || Letter da type of de || Error
|-
| bu zei de || Error (nothing for bu to use) || bu type-of de
|-
| zo bu zei de || "bu" type-of de || Error
|-
| broda zei brode si brodi || brodi || broda zei brodi
|-
| zei zei zei || Error || Error
|-
| da zei zei || da type-of zei || Error
|-
| lo'u co co co le'u bu || The letter "co co co" || Error
|-
| lo'u co co co le'u si bo le'u || Error (bare bo) || lo'u co co co bo le'u
|-
| broda ba'e si || nothing (but emphatically!) || broda
|-
| broda ba'e da si da || broda da || broda '''da'''
|-
| zo da bu || The letter "da" || Error
|-
| zoi zoi That letter that you use between a user id and a host name in an e-mail address zoi bu || @ || Error
|-
| broda brode si bu || The letter broda || Same
|-
| zoi zoi stuff zoi si || Nothing || An open zoi quote
|-
| zoi zoi lots of stuff zoi si si si si || Error (too many si) || Nothing
|-
| zoi zoi lots of stuff zoi sa zoi si || Open zoi || Nothing
|-
|}

== John Cowan's Version ==

# '''ZO''' turns the following word into a word of selma'o ''any-word''.

# '''LOhU''' turns all following Lojban words up to but not including a LEhU into a single word of selma'o ''any-string''.

# '''LEhU''' terminates a LOhU-quote. It is never elidable.

# '''ZEI''' turns the preceding word and the following word into a member of BRIVLA.

# '''BU''' turns the preceding word into a word of selma'o ''any-word''; such a word followed by a BU has the same grammatical function as a member of BY.

# '''ZOI''' uses the following word as a delimiting word and turns it into a word of selma'o ''any-word''. All words that follow until the delimiting word is found again are turned into a word of selm'ao ''any-string''; the second delimiting word is turned into a word of selma'o ''any-word''.

# '''SI''' erases the preceding word. The construct becomes invisible to the rest of the text.

# '''SA''' erases the preceding text back until it sees a word of the same selma'o as the word that follows SA, which replaces it. Words whose selma'o has been changed to ''any-word'' or ''any-string'' are invisible to SA.

# '''SU''' erases all words back to the beginning of text. The construct becomes invisible to the rest of the text.

# '''FAhO''' terminates the text, absorbing preceding words until the remaining text is grammatical.

== Robin's Version ==

This document was originated to provide a clearing house for discussion related to the BPFK Magic Words checkpoint, as well as a place safer than /tmp to store my ongoing description of the magic word interactions, which here follows.

Magic words are all cmavo that interact directly with the nature of the speech stream, so SI SA SU ZO ZOI LOhU LEhU ZEI BU BAhE FAhO.

The two documents that were used to construct this page are [http://www.lojban.org/files/machine-grammars/g grammar.300] (which is a plain text document, and really should be renamed to have .txt after it) and [http://lojban.org/publications/reference_grammar/chapter19.html efGram Chapter 19], section 16.

It is worth noting that these two documents contradict each other on many points. In particular, the order of operations is substantially different (grammar.300 handles zoi before lo'u...le'u, for example).

== Outstanding Questions ==

* Is nested lo'u...le'u allowed?
** Not really, but lo'u has no effect and we allow "zo le'u".

* Does zoi function in lo'u...le'u?
** No. If you need to quote a broken zoi, use another zoi.

* What does BAhE+BU do?
** Just empasizes the BU.

* The red book claims that UI cmavo can't mark BU. What's up with that?
** I have no idea, but I'm ignoring it. UI can mark anything that doesn't grab it.

* What do we do about ZOI, SI and SA interactions? Is SI allowed as a ZOI delimiter? Does SI after a ZOI clause erase the whole thing?
** SI, SA and SU are not allowed ZOI delimiters. 4 SI for ZOI erasure from outside. SA+ZOI+SI works. ZOI+SI == nothing.

* Does SU go back to the last NIhO, LU, TUhE, or TO (as grammar.300 claims) or the beginning of input (as the Red Book claims)?
** The latter; SA can be used for the other things, and if SU works the former way there is no way to unequivocably erase to the beginning of input.

* grammer.300 claims that ZEI works on ZOI, ZO and LOhU...LEhU clauses. I'm pretty sure this is just a YACC side effect; it certainly seems amazingly ridiculous to me. If anyone disagrees, let me know.
** It doesn't do any harm, and allows certain useful things (like ZEI lujvo with the various words that ZEI can't bind to in them).

== Meta-Rules ==

# Magic words lay claim to, or "grab", other words, with varying effects.

# Magic word grabbing proceeds by an order of precedence. The effect of a magic word can be to prevent the operation of another magic word (zo in particular) in which case the word that has been so grabbed no longer is allowed to grab other words.

# No two magic words may grab the same word, unless the interaction between those two magic words has been clearly defined. Any attempt to do so is an error.

== Magic Words Handling ==

(based on C16 S19 of the RefGram)

In order of precedence. selma'o names used throughout. + means "a member of the selma'o to the left of the + followed immediately by a member of the selma'o to the right of the + (ignoring words taken out of the equation by previous steps)". For example, "ZO+LEhU" means a string like "zo le'u" (since both of these are currently (6 Nov 2004) single member selma'o). Just to be pedantic, "any word" and similar refer only to valid Lojban words unless the text explicitely states otherwise.

# Y is completely ignored (i.e. considered whitespace) except before BU.

# ZOI cmavo use the following word as a delimiting word, no matter what it is, execept Y (which is ignored); and SI, SA and SU (which erase it).

# ZO quotes the following word, no matter what it is, except Y. Words quoted with ZO lose their grammatical functions.

# FAhO terminates the word or text stream unequivocably, unless quoted with ZO, ZOI or LOhU...LEhU.

# LOhU quotes all following Lojban words up to a LEhU (but not a ZO+LEhU; this is to allow nested LOhU...LEhU quotes inside a LOhU...LEhU, so you can talk about mistakes you made that include a previous error quote). Except for the ZO+LEhU case (which should be read as simply LEhU inside a LOhU...LEhU quote) all Lojban words within a LOhU...LEhU quote are read without any grammar and have no grammatical effects.

# LEhU is ungrammatical except at the end of a LOhU quotation and after ZO.

# SI erases the preceding word unless it is a ZO. Y is ignored.

# SA erases the preceding word and other words, unless the preceding word is a ZO. SA erases back until it sees a word of the same selma'o as the word that follows SA. The previous same-selma'o word is itself erased. Y is ignored for selma'o matching purposes.

# SU erases itself and all words back to the beginning of the current conversation for the speaker that says it. If spoken twice, it also erases the other speaker's words. In computer input cases SU, in general, erases itself and all words to the beginning of the input (as most computer input cases cannot distinguish between speakers).

# ZEI combines the preceding and the following word into a lujvo. For words to its left, it does not affect SI, SA, and SU (it affects whatever is to the left after the erasing is done; if nothing is left an error result); ZO and LOhU (which quote it); ZOI (which uses it as a delimiter); BAhE and Y (which it skips); ZEI (which would lead to grouping issues, and hence is an error to attempt); and FAhO (which makes no sense because the stream ends at the FAhO). For words to its right, it does not affect SI, SA, and SU (which erase it); BAhE and Y (which it skips); ZEI (which would lead to grouping issues, and hence is an error to attempt); and FAhO (which results in an error). ZO, ZOI and LOhU...LEhU clauses are attached to the ZEI lujvo in their entirety. BAhE effects ZEI as usual, so ZEI skips over any preceeding BAhE cmavo to affect the word before them.

# BU makes the preceding word into a lerfu word, except for ZO, ZEI and LOhU (which quote it), ZOI (which uses it as a delimiter); LEhU (which would result in bizarrely re-opening the LOhU...LEhU, and hence is an error); SI, SA and SU (it affects whatever is to the left after the erasing is done; if nothing is left an error results); BAhE (which it skips); BU (which would lead to grouping issues, and hence is an error to attempt); and FAhO (after which anything, including BU, is ignored). Note that Y is specifically included. BAhE effects BU as usual, so BU skips over any preceeding BAhE cmavo to affect the word before them. Multiple BU may be used in succession, in which case a new letteral is formed for each additional BU (i.e. "broda bu" is a different letteral from "broda bu bu"). However, "bu bu" by itself is illegal.

== Marking Words ==

Some words are almost, but not quite, magic words, in that they mark and affect nearby words, but do not change the special effects of other magic words. Hence they don't really fall in to the magic word precedence list.

* BAhE marks the following word, except for SI, SA and SU (which erase it), or unless it is preceded by ZO (which quotes it) or ZOI (which uses it as a delimiter). Multiple BAhE cmavo may be used in succession, in which case they all affect the next non-BAhE word. BAhE skips Y as usual.
* Attitudinals (UI and CAI cmavo) mark the previous word, except for SI, SA and SU (the attitudinal marks whatever is to the left after the erasing is done, if anything); ZO, LOhU or ZEI (which quote it); ZOI (which uses it as a delimiter); BAhE (BAhE marks the attitudinal, which in turn marks the word before the stream of BAhE); Y (which is ignored); FAhO (which there can be nothing to the right of). Attitudinals are permitted following any word of the grammar, without interfering with that word's grammatical function, or causing any effect on the grammatical interpretation of any other token in the text. Multiple UI cmavo may be used in succession. They may also be used at the beginning of text. A following NAI is made part of the attitudinal.

* DAhO, FUhE, and FUhO are the same as UI, but do not absorb a following NAI.

== Special SI and SA Cases ==

SI gets very complicated in a few cases, so here we go. Some SA notes here too.

* SI has no effect inside LOhU...LEhU or after ZO (or inside a ZOI quote, of course).
* Multiple SI erase back through more words, rather than operating on themselves or something. Duh.

* SI is valid at the beginning of input, but only to deal with the fact computer parsing is often done line by line, and two lines can be from the same speaker (e.g. "mi broda co" followed later by "si do").
* SA+SI == nothing.

* SU+SI == nothing.
* SA+any word (except ZO)+SI == nothing (assuming that the SA is valid, i.e. that there is a word of the same selma'o as the word after SA to erase back to). For ZO you need two SI.

** Not quite true; doesn't work for ZO or (probably) ZOI.
* ZO+any word+SI == ZO

* ZO+any word+SI+SI == nothing
* SI has no effect in a LOhU...LEhU even though ZO+LEhU does, so you can't do ZO+LEhU+SI+SI inside a LOhU...LEhU quote to get nothing.

* A SI immediately after the terminating LEhU of a LOhU...LEhU quote erases the LEhU, opening up the quote again. A string of SI in that position keeps erasing through the quote, possibly destroying it entirely (although SA+LOhU+SI is normally a much better way of accomplishing this goal). As soon as a non-SI word interrupts the string of SI after the terminating LEhU, that word and all other words until the next unquoted LEhU are considered part of the quote again, and have no grammatical function.
* SA can destroy LOhU...LEhU quotes, of course. LOhU...LEhU+SA+LOhU, in particular, is exactly equivalent to just LOhU (hence, the quote is re-opened). SA cannot erase to any other word in a LOhU...LEhU quote (because they are not considered part of any selma'o) except for ZO if a ZO+LEhU quote is used inside the LOhU...LEhU quote (because the ZO is used grammatically in this case, and hence has a selma'o in practice).

* SI can back into a ZOI quote in the same manner as into a LOhU...LEhU quote, except that all of the quoted non-Lojban text (which is considered non-Lojban text even if it clearly is) is treated as one word. So:
** ZOI+delimiter+text+delimiter+SI == ZOI+delimiter+text

** ZOI+delimiter+text+delimiter+SI+SI == ZOI+delimiter
** ZOI+delimiter+text+delimiter+SI+SI+SI == ZOI

** ZOI+delimiter+text+delimiter+SI+SI+SI+SI == nothing
* As a result of the above, if you really want to destroy a whole ZOI quote, SA+ZOI+SI is strongly reccomended.

* ZOI+SI == nothing (i.e. if you haven't presented a delimiter yet, SI can still operate).
* ZOI + SA + ZOI + SI still == nothing.

== Error Cases ==

The following cases are explicitely defined as bad, i.e. error cases.

* ZO + any word + BU
* ZOI+delimiter+text+delimiter + BU

* ZEI + ZEI
* BAhE + end of text

* start of text + BU

== Non-Error Cases ==

Cases that are degenerate and strange, but not errors.

* BU + ZEI + BU
* BAhE + ZOI -- ZOI retains its usual meaning

* BAhE + ZO -- ZO retains its usual meaning
* DAhO (and friends) + NAI + ZEI + any word

Magic Words alternatives

2021-01-02T05:24:33Z

Cirko: fix table

The Case Against LA

2020-11-29T12:07:56Z

Cirko: typo

[[CLL]] doesn't allow certain combinations in [[cmevla]], namely '''la''', '''lai''' and '''doi'''

This proposal allows them provided that absolutely all cmevla get an initial pause if they didn't have it.

This rule was the cause of a lot of argumentation, which after a while started to get repetitive.

Here is the supporting evidence and arguments and also as many of the arguments against it, with answers to them if applicable.

For starters, see [[if the rule about no la or lai or doi in cmene didn't exist|the page that started a lot of this]].

To recap: not even the most skilled Lojbanists can remember to keep those pesky syllables out of cmevla with any decent consistency. Yes, I know, people do catch it (rarely), but nobody has even a halfway-decent record at this, even after doing Lojban for many many years. (I know what you're thinking, and no, not even you.) The claim is that what's truly in line with usage is to pitch the rule. In order to do that and retain [[audio-visual isomorphism|audio-visual isomorphism]], we need to introduce another front-end delimiter for cmevla, and obviously choosing a syllable for it hasn't worked, so we would have to require that all cmevla (even those starting with consonants) must be preceded by a pause in all contexts (even after '''la/lai/doi''').

=Proposal=

The syllables '''la''', '''lai''', and '''doi''', heretofore forbidden/restricted in Lojban cmevla, shall be permitted in all positions of cmevla (not just when preceded by a consonant). In compensation therefor, a pause will be mandatory before '''all''' cmevla, even when preceded by the words '''la''', '''lai''', or '''doi'''.

=Counter-Arguments=

== 1. Well, I wouldn't make that mistake! ==

When I see the mistake showing up in '''.i la lojban. mo''', which I know was written and painstakingly proofread by some of the most careful and skilled Lojbanists out there, I think I'm justified in saying that people can't be relied upon to keep to this rule; it is a rule that cannot be observed. (Ref: page iii of the aforesaid book, in the paragraph which thanks people who contributed to the book, including '''la stivn. laitl.''') When it shows up (years earlier) in '''ju'i lobypli''' in a comic strip, I can conclude that not even the revered Founders can be so sure of their judgment. (Ref: comic from some year, someone please help me here. A cat was addressed as '''doi lat.''' This motivated a rule-change to permit '''la/lai/doi''' when they preceded by a consonant, thus permitting the similar form '''doi mlat.''') The rule is broken.

== 2. It would make people talk... like... William... Shatner. ==

Pauses before names are already mandatory in most grammatical situations. It's only after three words that they are optional (and would become mandatory). Admittedly, those three words are far and away the most common words preceding cmevla in actual usage (partly for that reason). People need to work on their pauses anyway. In '''mi se cmene zo .mark.''', the pause before the name is not optional, however often people pronounce it so. All the more so in the more common construction of '''mi'e .mark.''' (other COIs can be shielded by adding '''doi''', but this is not always possible). It would not actually break up fluid speech appreciably, no more than it does already with vowel-initial names. There are ways to make it small enough: I suggest that people try to train themselves that '''la''' ends with a glottal stop, like the Klingon word '''la'''. Makes things pretty easy. Does it require some re-learning? Is it likely to cause errors of omitting the pause? Yes, unfortunately. But see below.

Another point worth remembering is that names are actually not all that common in Lojban. Once introduced by name, people and things are usually referred to by bound KOhA variables, or more commonly BY lerfu-strings. These latter are particularly convenient for the purpose, as frequently they require no binding, and are shorter than the name. More argument on this tangential point is available [[lerfu pro-sumti, and why ko'a sucks|on another page]].

== 3. It's just another rule that people will mess up. Who can remember to pause anyway? ==

See above for tricks on how to remember to pause. But also, the errors in question are different in their impact. A missed pause happens in speech. Your hearers understand you or they don't. If they don't, woops, you have a problem that will have to be cleared up, and serve you right for forgetting the rule. If they understand you (as is more likely, in all fairness), then it's in the past and isn't really an error anymore, since everyone's parse of the text contains the correct words. When errors of illegal cmevla happen, they happen in writing, too. Writing persists. Even if you're understood, everyone's parse of the text contains an illegal word, and if the text is in writing, it remains wrong for all to see (and learn bad habits from) for ever afterward. Bad cmevla get into books (see above!) into cmevla-lists, into common parlance, and remain there in perpetuity because they're enshrined in writing.

Additionally, the mistakes are different in kind, even if misunderstood. An illegal cmevla that is interpreted according to the strict rules will usually result in a perfectly valid—but semantically wrong—sentence. For example, '''la stivn. laitl. cu xamgu mi''' breaks down into '''la stivn. lai tl. cu xamgu mi''', which is perfectly grammatical—but doesn't say anything like what we wanted. Now we have two sumti instead of one, which is fine by the grammar, but all the place-filling is off. On the other hand, if a pause is missed, you basically wind up with a big ol' cmevla sitting there in the middle of the sentence with nothing before it, which will usually be a syntax error. '''mi viska la .bab.''', if said without the pause, becomes '''mi viska labab.''' or possibly even '''miviskalabab.''' (or any of the various other possibilities, depending on where optional pauses are taken.) Either way, it's a cmevla where we aren't expecting a cmevla, and so the error is signaled right away, at parse-time and not at interpretation-time, so to speak. (Now, this also leads one to consider the possibility of not requiring '''la''' before the name in the first place, since it isn't required to detect the start of the name anymore. Such a proposal would be worth considering, but it does raise some other issues, and it's not what we're talking about now.)

It really boils down to what kind of disaster you're willing to chance, and how serious we are about Lojban being unambiguous. Do you want to chance having a dialect, even a common or dominant dialect, that is technically incorrect when spoken but correct when written, and which can be spoken correctly with a little extra concentration, or do you want to completely lose the Lojban audio-visual isomorphism? That's really what's at stake here. Because keeping la/lai/doi out of cmevla will not last long, indeed, it has already failed miserably. And it's not the same amount of "extra concentration" that it takes to fix them. It's easy to remember to throw in an extra pause, at least to know what to do once you realize there's a problem. Reconstructing a cmevla (assuming you notice it) is a more involved affair. Keeping the la/lai/doi rule will result in the overwhelmingly dominant dialect of Lojban losing its audio-visual isomorphism. Pick the disaster you want to deal with: you have to have one or the other.

== 4. People won't be making up cmevla off the cuff when they're all standardized. ==

That will be true--once marketers and manufacturers stop coming up with new products and new names. If we have to wait until then to speak Lojban, there won't be anything sentient left to speak it. But we can't provide The Official Lojban Name(TM) for every single named thing in the known universe in advance! It would take most of eternity just to finish fine-detail geography! And as soon as the next new company or product shows up, any list is incomplete again. I saw '''laivdjurnal''' once on IRC; could we have provided an official name for that ten years ago?

== 5. This is like requiring '''cu''' before all selbri. ==

There are some formal similarities, but none that actually make any difference. Mainly that both cases involve making something optional into something required, which isn't much of a similarity. The main thing is, though, that the '''la/lai/doi''' rule has been demonstrated over years of experience to be unworkable, whereas '''cu''' is usually used pretty well by speakers after a little experience. Anyway, this is the wrong section to be talking about requiring '''cu'''; take that up in [[BPFK Section: Scope cmavo]].

== 6. Why don't we compromise: any cmevla that contains la/lai/doi has to have a pause before it, but otherwise it doesn't have to. ==

There isn't any middle ground, I'm afraid. Is the phoneme-stream '''.mivIskalamArk.''' a big long cmevla (of the first type, preceded by a pause), or is it '''mi viska la mark.''', ending on a cmevla of the other type? It's one or the other. Besides, if people could remember to distinguish the two kinds of cmevla, we wouldn't have this problem in the first place.

== 7. Can we allow them followed by h? ==

This was referred to by (I think) [[Pierre Abbat]] as "the '''ala'um''' rule", with the word giving an example. The idea being that if the naughty syllable was followed by something that couldn't possibly be the start of another word (namely, an apostrophe, which I will write as '''h''' when I need to speak of it in isolation, so there), it should be allowed. This would yield a more inclusive set of legal cmevla (i.e. a proper superset of the currently allowed cmevla), but wouldn't really be any easier to remember. It gives us more substitutes for la/lai/doi, but we already have substitutes, and if we could remember to use them we wouldn't be in this mess. The rule instead becomes more complex, and thus even harder to remember and use. It won't solve the problem, and it might just muddle things even more.

== 8. How about only requiring a pause before cmevla that contain '''la/lai/doi'''? ==

That won't work. See above.

=== 8.1. How come you suggested that one twice? ===

Because it gets suggested four or five times every time this matter is discussed, despite being shown to be incomplete each time. I figured (a) I might as well model the way the discussions really go, and (b) maybe by repeating it people will pay attention and not try to suggest it again.

== 9. But the usage is so entrenched, to say '''laLOJban.''' and all... ==

Usage is also very entrenched to permit cmevla with la/lai/doi. And we can decide to leave both usages alone--if we're willing to give up on audio-visual isomorphism, and if we're willing to say that Lojban is ambiguous in this matter (that you can't parse '''.mivIskalamArk.''' unambiguously). Otherwise something has to give. Choose your disaster. The pauseless-'''la''' usage may or may not be retrainable. The '''la/lai/doi'''-in-cmevla usage has been amply demonstrated not to be retrainable. If we want to keep audio-visual isomorphism and unambiguity, one of those usages has be abandoned. I say we keep the one we know we can't abandon.

Besides, usage needs some help anyway. People tend to be sloppy with pronunciation, but we shouldn't let that determine the right way to do things. No, that's not the same as letting sloppy cmevla-construction determine the right way to do things, see above! Sloppy pronunciation is ephemeral. Bad cmevla get into literature and into the common lexicon. People need practice with the mandatory pauses already required by Lojban. Unless we have a way to remove them completely, we have to accept some level of hardship. Pause before names except after the magic words (by current rules). This affects '''zo''' and '''mi'e''' particularly, the rest of COI to a lesser extent (they can be "shielded" by '''doi''', and actually '''mi'e''' can be shielded by '''la''', but people don't do that for some reason). Pause after lerfu-names (unless followed by another lerfu). Pause around ZOI-quote guard-words (that one should be obvious, but probably still needs to be attended to). Pause before vowels is usually pretty well observed, because initial vowels are considered to be preceded by a glottal stop, though in some cases things like '''.ua.ui''' are an exception to that. Even those glide-to-vowel diphthongs must be remembered to have that pause before them; I pronounce them with glottal stops before. Pauses after cmevla I think people try for, and nobody truly forgets they need to be there, but I suspect they aren't always being put there. Again, my trick would be to attach glottal stops (mentally) to the affected magic words, so '''la''' is always pronounced with a pause after it, etc.

== 10. You know, your own speech doesn't pause before cmevla either! ==
Well, first of all, this proposal is still only a proposal, so it isn't actually part of the language yet. This is otherwise the same objection as number 3 above.

== 11. A missing pause is worse (harder to hear) than an illegal cmevla ==

No it isn't. See number 3 above.

== 12. Aww, c'mon, how many illegal cmevla really make it out there? ==

Some, and even then not as many as start to make it out there and are shot down (by people other than the original perpetrator). That is to say, in general people simply don't notice bad cmevla, though sometimes they are caught before they get too far into common parlance. But by no means all the time, and the examples above demonstrate that. The long and short of it is that '''la/lai/doi''' in cmevla is in line with usage, and the baseline is not.

== 13. People also mess up with illegal medial clusters in cmevla ==

Strangely enough, not all that often, I've found. Partly this is because most of the illegal medial clusters were made illegal because they are hard to pronounce, so people tend to avoid them anyway. Also, even though illegal medials can't make the same claim to being ephemeral that missing pauses can, I still maintain that they are less destructive mistakes, in that they do not threaten Lojban's audio-visual isomorphism and unambiguity.

== 14. I know! Why don't we only have to pause before--- ==

No. See number 6. Again.
__NOTOC__

the Case Against LA

2020-11-29T12:07:34Z

Cirko: Cirko moved page the Case Against LA to The Case Against LA: capitalize

#REDIRECT [[The Case Against LA]]

The Case Against LA

2020-11-29T12:07:34Z

Cirko: Cirko moved page the Case Against LA to The Case Against LA: capitalize

[[CLL]] doesn't allow certain combinations in [[cmevla]], namely '''la''', '''lai''' and '''doi'''

This proposal allows them provided that absolutely all cmevla get an initial pause if they didn't have itю

This rule was the cause of a lot of argumentation, which after a while started to get repetitive.

Here is the supporting evidence and arguments and also as many of the arguments against it, with answers to them if applicable.

For starters, see [[if the rule about no la or lai or doi in cmene didn't exist|the page that started a lot of this]].

To recap: not even the most skilled Lojbanists can remember to keep those pesky syllables out of cmevla with any decent consistency. Yes, I know, people do catch it (rarely), but nobody has even a halfway-decent record at this, even after doing Lojban for many many years. (I know what you're thinking, and no, not even you.) The claim is that what's truly in line with usage is to pitch the rule. In order to do that and retain [[audio-visual isomorphism|audio-visual isomorphism]], we need to introduce another front-end delimiter for cmevla, and obviously choosing a syllable for it hasn't worked, so we would have to require that all cmevla (even those starting with consonants) must be preceded by a pause in all contexts (even after '''la/lai/doi''').

=Proposal=

The syllables '''la''', '''lai''', and '''doi''', heretofore forbidden/restricted in Lojban cmevla, shall be permitted in all positions of cmevla (not just when preceded by a consonant). In compensation therefor, a pause will be mandatory before '''all''' cmevla, even when preceded by the words '''la''', '''lai''', or '''doi'''.

=Counter-Arguments=

== 1. Well, I wouldn't make that mistake! ==

When I see the mistake showing up in '''.i la lojban. mo''', which I know was written and painstakingly proofread by some of the most careful and skilled Lojbanists out there, I think I'm justified in saying that people can't be relied upon to keep to this rule; it is a rule that cannot be observed. (Ref: page iii of the aforesaid book, in the paragraph which thanks people who contributed to the book, including '''la stivn. laitl.''') When it shows up (years earlier) in '''ju'i lobypli''' in a comic strip, I can conclude that not even the revered Founders can be so sure of their judgment. (Ref: comic from some year, someone please help me here. A cat was addressed as '''doi lat.''' This motivated a rule-change to permit '''la/lai/doi''' when they preceded by a consonant, thus permitting the similar form '''doi mlat.''') The rule is broken.

== 2. It would make people talk... like... William... Shatner. ==

Pauses before names are already mandatory in most grammatical situations. It's only after three words that they are optional (and would become mandatory). Admittedly, those three words are far and away the most common words preceding cmevla in actual usage (partly for that reason). People need to work on their pauses anyway. In '''mi se cmene zo .mark.''', the pause before the name is not optional, however often people pronounce it so. All the more so in the more common construction of '''mi'e .mark.''' (other COIs can be shielded by adding '''doi''', but this is not always possible). It would not actually break up fluid speech appreciably, no more than it does already with vowel-initial names. There are ways to make it small enough: I suggest that people try to train themselves that '''la''' ends with a glottal stop, like the Klingon word '''la'''. Makes things pretty easy. Does it require some re-learning? Is it likely to cause errors of omitting the pause? Yes, unfortunately. But see below.

Another point worth remembering is that names are actually not all that common in Lojban. Once introduced by name, people and things are usually referred to by bound KOhA variables, or more commonly BY lerfu-strings. These latter are particularly convenient for the purpose, as frequently they require no binding, and are shorter than the name. More argument on this tangential point is available [[lerfu pro-sumti, and why ko'a sucks|on another page]].

== 3. It's just another rule that people will mess up. Who can remember to pause anyway? ==

See above for tricks on how to remember to pause. But also, the errors in question are different in their impact. A missed pause happens in speech. Your hearers understand you or they don't. If they don't, woops, you have a problem that will have to be cleared up, and serve you right for forgetting the rule. If they understand you (as is more likely, in all fairness), then it's in the past and isn't really an error anymore, since everyone's parse of the text contains the correct words. When errors of illegal cmevla happen, they happen in writing, too. Writing persists. Even if you're understood, everyone's parse of the text contains an illegal word, and if the text is in writing, it remains wrong for all to see (and learn bad habits from) for ever afterward. Bad cmevla get into books (see above!) into cmevla-lists, into common parlance, and remain there in perpetuity because they're enshrined in writing.

Additionally, the mistakes are different in kind, even if misunderstood. An illegal cmevla that is interpreted according to the strict rules will usually result in a perfectly valid—but semantically wrong—sentence. For example, '''la stivn. laitl. cu xamgu mi''' breaks down into '''la stivn. lai tl. cu xamgu mi''', which is perfectly grammatical—but doesn't say anything like what we wanted. Now we have two sumti instead of one, which is fine by the grammar, but all the place-filling is off. On the other hand, if a pause is missed, you basically wind up with a big ol' cmevla sitting there in the middle of the sentence with nothing before it, which will usually be a syntax error. '''mi viska la .bab.''', if said without the pause, becomes '''mi viska labab.''' or possibly even '''miviskalabab.''' (or any of the various other possibilities, depending on where optional pauses are taken.) Either way, it's a cmevla where we aren't expecting a cmevla, and so the error is signaled right away, at parse-time and not at interpretation-time, so to speak. (Now, this also leads one to consider the possibility of not requiring '''la''' before the name in the first place, since it isn't required to detect the start of the name anymore. Such a proposal would be worth considering, but it does raise some other issues, and it's not what we're talking about now.)

It really boils down to what kind of disaster you're willing to chance, and how serious we are about Lojban being unambiguous. Do you want to chance having a dialect, even a common or dominant dialect, that is technically incorrect when spoken but correct when written, and which can be spoken correctly with a little extra concentration, or do you want to completely lose the Lojban audio-visual isomorphism? That's really what's at stake here. Because keeping la/lai/doi out of cmevla will not last long, indeed, it has already failed miserably. And it's not the same amount of "extra concentration" that it takes to fix them. It's easy to remember to throw in an extra pause, at least to know what to do once you realize there's a problem. Reconstructing a cmevla (assuming you notice it) is a more involved affair. Keeping the la/lai/doi rule will result in the overwhelmingly dominant dialect of Lojban losing its audio-visual isomorphism. Pick the disaster you want to deal with: you have to have one or the other.

== 4. People won't be making up cmevla off the cuff when they're all standardized. ==

That will be true--once marketers and manufacturers stop coming up with new products and new names. If we have to wait until then to speak Lojban, there won't be anything sentient left to speak it. But we can't provide The Official Lojban Name(TM) for every single named thing in the known universe in advance! It would take most of eternity just to finish fine-detail geography! And as soon as the next new company or product shows up, any list is incomplete again. I saw '''laivdjurnal''' once on IRC; could we have provided an official name for that ten years ago?

== 5. This is like requiring '''cu''' before all selbri. ==

There are some formal similarities, but none that actually make any difference. Mainly that both cases involve making something optional into something required, which isn't much of a similarity. The main thing is, though, that the '''la/lai/doi''' rule has been demonstrated over years of experience to be unworkable, whereas '''cu''' is usually used pretty well by speakers after a little experience. Anyway, this is the wrong section to be talking about requiring '''cu'''; take that up in [[BPFK Section: Scope cmavo]].

== 6. Why don't we compromise: any cmevla that contains la/lai/doi has to have a pause before it, but otherwise it doesn't have to. ==

There isn't any middle ground, I'm afraid. Is the phoneme-stream '''.mivIskalamArk.''' a big long cmevla (of the first type, preceded by a pause), or is it '''mi viska la mark.''', ending on a cmevla of the other type? It's one or the other. Besides, if people could remember to distinguish the two kinds of cmevla, we wouldn't have this problem in the first place.

== 7. Can we allow them followed by h? ==

This was referred to by (I think) [[Pierre Abbat]] as "the '''ala'um''' rule", with the word giving an example. The idea being that if the naughty syllable was followed by something that couldn't possibly be the start of another word (namely, an apostrophe, which I will write as '''h''' when I need to speak of it in isolation, so there), it should be allowed. This would yield a more inclusive set of legal cmevla (i.e. a proper superset of the currently allowed cmevla), but wouldn't really be any easier to remember. It gives us more substitutes for la/lai/doi, but we already have substitutes, and if we could remember to use them we wouldn't be in this mess. The rule instead becomes more complex, and thus even harder to remember and use. It won't solve the problem, and it might just muddle things even more.

== 8. How about only requiring a pause before cmevla that contain '''la/lai/doi'''? ==

That won't work. See above.

=== 8.1. How come you suggested that one twice? ===

Because it gets suggested four or five times every time this matter is discussed, despite being shown to be incomplete each time. I figured (a) I might as well model the way the discussions really go, and (b) maybe by repeating it people will pay attention and not try to suggest it again.

== 9. But the usage is so entrenched, to say '''laLOJban.''' and all... ==

Usage is also very entrenched to permit cmevla with la/lai/doi. And we can decide to leave both usages alone--if we're willing to give up on audio-visual isomorphism, and if we're willing to say that Lojban is ambiguous in this matter (that you can't parse '''.mivIskalamArk.''' unambiguously). Otherwise something has to give. Choose your disaster. The pauseless-'''la''' usage may or may not be retrainable. The '''la/lai/doi'''-in-cmevla usage has been amply demonstrated not to be retrainable. If we want to keep audio-visual isomorphism and unambiguity, one of those usages has be abandoned. I say we keep the one we know we can't abandon.

Besides, usage needs some help anyway. People tend to be sloppy with pronunciation, but we shouldn't let that determine the right way to do things. No, that's not the same as letting sloppy cmevla-construction determine the right way to do things, see above! Sloppy pronunciation is ephemeral. Bad cmevla get into literature and into the common lexicon. People need practice with the mandatory pauses already required by Lojban. Unless we have a way to remove them completely, we have to accept some level of hardship. Pause before names except after the magic words (by current rules). This affects '''zo''' and '''mi'e''' particularly, the rest of COI to a lesser extent (they can be "shielded" by '''doi''', and actually '''mi'e''' can be shielded by '''la''', but people don't do that for some reason). Pause after lerfu-names (unless followed by another lerfu). Pause around ZOI-quote guard-words (that one should be obvious, but probably still needs to be attended to). Pause before vowels is usually pretty well observed, because initial vowels are considered to be preceded by a glottal stop, though in some cases things like '''.ua.ui''' are an exception to that. Even those glide-to-vowel diphthongs must be remembered to have that pause before them; I pronounce them with glottal stops before. Pauses after cmevla I think people try for, and nobody truly forgets they need to be there, but I suspect they aren't always being put there. Again, my trick would be to attach glottal stops (mentally) to the affected magic words, so '''la''' is always pronounced with a pause after it, etc.

== 10. You know, your own speech doesn't pause before cmevla either! ==
Well, first of all, this proposal is still only a proposal, so it isn't actually part of the language yet. This is otherwise the same objection as number 3 above.

== 11. A missing pause is worse (harder to hear) than an illegal cmevla ==

No it isn't. See number 3 above.

== 12. Aww, c'mon, how many illegal cmevla really make it out there? ==

Some, and even then not as many as start to make it out there and are shot down (by people other than the original perpetrator). That is to say, in general people simply don't notice bad cmevla, though sometimes they are caught before they get too far into common parlance. But by no means all the time, and the examples above demonstrate that. The long and short of it is that '''la/lai/doi''' in cmevla is in line with usage, and the baseline is not.

== 13. People also mess up with illegal medial clusters in cmevla ==

Strangely enough, not all that often, I've found. Partly this is because most of the illegal medial clusters were made illegal because they are hard to pronounce, so people tend to avoid them anyway. Also, even though illegal medials can't make the same claim to being ephemeral that missing pauses can, I still maintain that they are less destructive mistakes, in that they do not threaten Lojban's audio-visual isomorphism and unambiguity.

== 14. I know! Why don't we only have to pause before--- ==

No. See number 6. Again.
__NOTOC__

nuzba

2020-11-23T15:02:12Z

Cirko: cikre

<noinclude>
<div style="text-align:right;">'''[http://mw.lojban.org/index.php?title=nuzba&action=feed nuzyfle]''' (to zoi zoi ''[[nuzba/en|English version]]'' zoi toi)</div>
==ni'o ni'o nuzba==
</noinclude>__NOEDITSECTION__

===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 09 pi'e 20===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 09 pi'e 20|.i]] [[User:Selpahi|la solpa'i]] cu gubgau [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_avoX_Xl4I la'o sy.Ua langu.sy.] noi .elsa
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 01 pi'e 13===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 01 pi'e 13|.i]] [[LFK|la lojbo fuzykamni]] cu se zastygau [[LLG|la lojbangri]] gi'e co'a casnu se pi'o la .matermost.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 09 pi'e 24===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 09 pi'e 24|.i]] [[la gleki]] se pu'o lo nu [[LLG|la lojbangri]] cu jmaji cu gubgau [https://jbotcan.org/lojban/en/how-the-enemy-came-to-thlunrana/ la'au lisri le nu le bradi cu klama la tlunranan. li'u] noi lo se fanva be fu ke'a cu se finti la'o gy.Lord Dunsany.gy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 07 pi'e 24===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 07 pi'e 24|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v{{=}}6kI__OTFn0o su'o skina je ci'ekle be lo glicybau ku je kosmu be lo ka se pi'o ce'u co'a slabu fa lo jbobau]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 05 pi'e 15===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 05 pi'e 15|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/269814241 la'au makfa nalciste li'u] noi vo moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 04 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 04 pi'e 28|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/267017304 la'au remna xabju li'u] noi vo moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 03 pi'e 30===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 03 pi'e 30|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/262505217 la'au cavyricfoi gusta li'u] noi ci moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 02 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 02 pi'e 28|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/257848338 la'au citka je cidja ciste li'u] noi re moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 30===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 30|.i]] [[User:Guskant|la .guskant.]] cu gubgau [https://mentulimu.github.io/kocahokucli.html la'au ko ca'o kucli li'u] noi pa moi co kinpau la'au mEntulimu li'u noi kinpoi fi ra fe lo jbobau

<includeonly><div style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold;" class="noprint">[[nuzba|.i lo pruda'o zmadu fasnu zo'u...]]</div></includeonly><noinclude>
==ni'o ni'o ba'o nuzba==
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 20===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 20|.i]] [[User:Guskant|la .guskant.]] cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/233808507 la .almapamla ku] noi .elsa gi'e xe fanva lo se finti be la'o gy.Joseph Lacalle.gy. be'o po'u la'o sy.Amapola.sy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 09 pi'e 14===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 09 pi'e 14|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/251918917 la'au tcila co tumla li'u] noi pa moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 01 pi'e 04===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 01 pi'e 04|.i]] la uakci cu gubgau pa xe fanva be lo pemci be fi la visuuavas cimborskas be'o be'o poi se cmene [http://ciuak.github.io/nodareroifasnu.html lu no da re roi fasnu li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 12===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 12|.i]] [[la guskant]] cu gubgau pa to'e cfika skina poi se cmene [https://vimeo.com/190637628 lu lo vliraitru li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 06===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 06|.i]] la uakci cu gubgau pa xe fanva be lo pemci be fi la visuuavas cimborskas be'o be'o poi se cmene [http://ciuak.github.io/sorxaizuheseicatlu.html lu sorxaizu'e sei catlu li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 10 pi'e 13===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 10 pi'e 13|.i]] la lalxu cu gubgau pa cnino prosa poi se cmene [https://lynn.github.io/la-melbi-e-le-ractu/ lu la melbi e le ractu li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 6 pi'e 1===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 6 pi'e 1|.i]] [[la selpa'i]] cu gubgau pa cnino tordylisri poi se cmene [http://selpahi.weebly.com/jbo/mi-zaho-citno lu mi za'o citno li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 4 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 4 pi'e 28|.i]] [[la guskant]] cu gubgau [http://fotono.tumblr.com/post/143537131514/coi-lo-se-jbobau-joau-zantufa-xi-papipare-i-la la skaborfe'a] ku no'u lo selsa'a co pante be [http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/open_letter/open_letter.html lo ka vliraitru kei po la gleki ge'u] jo'u [[The egocentrism of a Lojban community|lo ka vliraitru cinmo kei po lo pa lojbo cecmu]]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1 pi'e 30===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1 pi'e 30|.i]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] cu gubgau [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6fUPLWJ-f-SWDlxRi1EUTNlZTg/view?usp=sharing lo pdf datnyvei be fi'o jdima noda] be'o noi lo prina be ke'a cu se vecnu de'i li 2015 pi'e 11 .i lo pamoi be lo re pagbu cu ve skicu la lojban bau lo banjupunu .i lo romoi cu jufra fi la lojban fi'e la cogas jo'u la niftyg jo'u la sidas
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1|.i]] pa re'u gubni fa la'o gy [http://eriknatanaelgustafsson.com/index.php/stycken/ovrigt/8-svenska/verk/48-progress Progress] gy no'u lo cedrymi'u zgike be fi'e la'o sy Erik Natanael Gustafsson sy be'o noi se pagbu lo lojbo jufra ku'o bu'u la'o sy Högskolan för scen och musik sy
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 12 pi'e 25===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 12 pi'e 25|.i]] [http://masatohagiwara.net/ la masatos xagiuaras] cu finti la [http://lojban.lilyx.net/zmifanva/ zmifanva] ku no'u lo banjubu'o joi bangenugu ke lairtcinyske ke minji fanva proga
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 11 pi'e 23===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 11 pi'e 23|.i]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] cu [https://twitter.com/cogas_uasanbon/status/668620645278683137 vecnu lo girzu cukta bu'u lo zasni zarci]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 10 pi'e 7===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 10 pi'e 7|.i]] [[la guskant]] cu gubgau la bripre ci mo'o no'u «[https://vimeo.com/141602354 la'au lo no valsi li'u]» noi zgike ji'u «[https://groups.google.com/d/topic/lojban/LnbyPkupoMA/discussion la'au ni'o ni'o da'a mo'o notci la si li'u]» noi jufra fi'e la iesk
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 18===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 18|.i]] [https://twitter.com/Djemynai la djemynai] cu gubgau la «[http://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/tensaia tensaĭa]» ku noi ra'apxu selsa'a be bau la .lojban. .i ji'a lo xe fanva be fi lo glico cu gubni
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 7===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 7|.i]] [[BPFK Section: cmevla|lo javni be lo nu lo cmevla cu se sruri lo depybu'i kei]] [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/bpfk-list/dnmLsaFk22A/discussion mo'u se zanru gi'e jai se stidi] vau [[BPFK|lo cmima be byfy]] .i ta'o byfy co'a gubgau [https://twitter.com/LojbanBPFK lo ri nuzyfle bu'u la .tu'iter.]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 31===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 31|.i]] [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu/KRbVjuX_GOA/discussion la ponjo lojbo citno girzu cu ba vecnu lo lojbo tertcidu cukta bu'u lo zasni zaisle noi vo'a joi lo spero cu jitro ke'a]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 28|.i]] [[BPFK|byfy]] no'u la baupla fuzykamni be fi la lojbangirzu cu [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/bpfk-list/SXxIpMLgL5s/M0yMTFEMSvoJ co'a cuntu] bu'u lo mriste po'u la'o zoi [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bpfk-list bpfk-list] zoi .i casnu mu'a lo javni be lo nu cmibi'o kei .e lo nu cmicu'a be'o .e lo du'u xu kau lo jbobau ba ro pa mei lo bangu poi se pilno la kamni
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 12===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 12|.i]] la .cogas. cu gubgau la'e lu [https://soundcloud.com/cogas-iuk/sunday-10-38-pm claxu be do crisa] li'u noi selsa'a bau lo lojbo
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 28|.i]] [[LLG Board of Directors |lo fuzraikamni be la lojbangirzu]] cu cmicu'a ja'e lo nu la'o zoi Robert LeChevalier zoi cu za'u re'u kagja'a .i la'o zoi And Rosta zoi cu co'a vipsi kagja'a .i la'o zoi Riley Martinez-Lynch zoi cu co'a ci'arse'u je baxpre .i io ckire la'o zoi Veijo Vilva zoi noi ba'o vipsi kagja'a ku'o .e la'o zoi Robin Lee Powell zoi noi pu ze'u ci'arse'u je baxpre
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 21===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 21|.i]] la djemynai cu gubgau la'au za'o li'u no'u [https://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/zao lo albuma be lo selsa'a be bau la lojban]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 15===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 15|.i]] piro lo co'a morsi pe'a korpora be bu'u la corpus.lojban.org cu se nurgau la guskant joi la danr gi'e co'a te sisku fi la [[korpora zei sisku]]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 5===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 5|.i]] [[User:Guskant|la guskant]] joi [[User:Tijlan|la tijlan]] co'a gubgau lo skina be lo selsa'a no'u la'au [https://vimeo.com/126974807 ro lo ma'a datka] li'u to la'o dy Alle meine Entchen dy noi se fanva [[User:Selpa'i|la selpa'i]] toi

===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 4===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 4|.i]] la'o zoi Corbin Simpson zoi cu gubgau la [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG-JKVBn6c4 cicricfoi bartu] ku to la'o zoi It's a Jungle out There by Randy Newman zoi toi noi remoi be lo lojbo selsa'a be vo'a
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 23===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 23|.i]] [[la gleki]] cu [https://www.facebook.com/groups/lojban/permalink/10152869763166705 te nuzba] lo farvi no'u [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/i/muplis/index.html#sisku/ocean la muplis] noi tutci lo nu sutra lo nu zvasisku fi lo korpora be lo lojbo mupli tedi'o la'o zoi [http://tatoeba.org tatoeba.org] zoi
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 20===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 20|.i]] lo nu [[LLG|la lojbangirz]] cu [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|jdijmaji kei be de'i'e li 2014]] cu mulno .i ki'e lo ro cmizu'e
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 2 pi'e 26===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 2 pi'e 26|.i]] la'o zoi Corbin Simpson zoi cu gubgau la [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9-YzMMp-1A galmauloi] ku to la'o zoi Higher Ground by Stevie Wonder zoi toi noi pamoi be lo lojbo selsa'a be vo'a
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 10 pi'e 1===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 10 pi'e 1|.i]] la iocikun cu co'a gubgau [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/cakyrespa la cakyrespa] ku no'u lo lojbo me la'o zoi LOGO zoi
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 9 pi'e 17===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 9 pi'e 17|.i]] la iocikun cu co'a gubgau [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/lojysamban la lojysamban] no'u lo lojbo me la'o zoi Prolog zoi

===ni'o li'o <ref>.i lo drata nuzba cu sorcu bau lo bangenugu [[nuzba/en|pa moi]] ja [[Lojban timeline|re moi]]</ref>===
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 2 pi'e 24===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 2 pi'e 24|.i]] la'e zoi gy. [http://alis.lojban.org/ Alice in Wonderland] .gy. lu'u no'u lo cukta be fo lo verba cu se fanva la'o gy. xorxes .gy. la lojban. gi'e pelji se prina
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 6 pi'e 23===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 6 pi'e 23|.i]] lonu cfari fa le jbonunsla cu se tcika li ji'i 9 ma'i la'o zoi. PDT .zoi. li 2011 pi'e 7 pi'e 2 le xotli be la'o zoi. San Mateo USA .zoi. bei me'e la'o zoi. Holiday Inn .zoi.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 3 pi'e 9===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 3 pi'e 9|.i]] li pi'e ci cu detke'u li pa lo nu cfagau lo ponjo bangu ke me la gugl girzu po'u la'o zoi. lojban-soudan .zoi.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 1 pi'e 26===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 1 pi'e 26|.i]] tezu'e lonu la lojban. cu zenba loka cinri lo selgu'e be la <nowiki>indias.ke</nowiki>i kei lo xelfanva be tu'a lo pamoi mutpapri be ti be'o bei lo xinbau .e lo banku'anu cu seljmina fi le se mutpapri
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 12 pi'e 18===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 12 pi'e 18|.i]] xu do cnino tadni la lojban gi'e bredi lonu pare'u tcidu lo la .lojban. cukta .i xu do makcu tadni gi'e djica lonu jarco tu'a la .lojban. lo do verba .iseju .e'u ko catlu lo cnino xelfanva be la'e zoi gy. [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=784 If I had a Pet Dinosaur] .gy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 11 pi'e 18===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 11 pi'e 18|.i]] lo menli cartu cu se finti sera'a lo vlalei .i su'anai ra plixau lo nintadni pe sekai lo viska mo'isro tepi'o lo cilre sidju .i .e'u ko catlu le mutpapri pe me'e la'o gy. [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Learning Learning] .gy. tezu'e lonu facki fi lo co'a cilre tadji
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 10 pi'e 12===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 10 pi'e 12|.i]] le nanca nunjmaji be la lojbangirz. cu mulno .i la <nowiki>robrt.le</nowiki>cevalier. jo'u la <nowiki>arnt.rikard.iu</nowiki>xansen. jo'u la <nowiki>rabin.lis.pa</nowiki>u,el. za'ure'u se cuxna ja'e lonu cmibi'o lo fuzraikamni .i la <nowiki>timos.pa</nowiki>ulsen. jo'u la <nowiki>veion.vi</nowiki>lvan. cu binxo lo cnino cmima
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 9 pi'e 9===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 9 pi'e 9|.i]] la'e zoi gy. [[:File:719.sip|The Moon and the Cap]] .gy. lu'u no'u lo cukta be fo lo verba cu se fanva la'o gy. [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Remo Dentato] .gy. la lojban.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 8 pi'e 17===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 8 pi'e 17|.i]] lonu cfari fa le nanca nunjmaji be la lojbangirz cu se tcika li ji'i 13 ma'i la'o zoi. EDT .zoi. li 2010 pi'e 8 pi'e 21 le snustu po'u la'o zoi. llg-members .zoi.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 7 pi'e 4===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 7 pi'e 4|.i]] loi jbopre po'u la'o zoi. Jorge Llambias .zoi. jo'u la'o zoi. Leon Molas .zoi. cu stidi tu'a lo mulno selcmi be lo fu'ivla be tu'a lo gugde .e tu'a lo bangu .e tu'a lo rupnu be'o bei ji'u lo mifra be fi la'o zoi. ISO .zoi. .i ko catlu fy noi judri diklo
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/bgB7PV http://bit.ly/bgB7PV] .zoi. .e
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq] .zoi. .e
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/clUVtb http://bit.ly/clUVtb] .zoi. .e
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/c43ua5 http://bit.ly/c43ua5] .zoi
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 6 pi'e 22===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 6 pi'e 22|.i]] loi gismu pacinonomei ku jo'u loi rafsi pe ri ca mo'u se punji fi lo se mutpapri poi se cmene la'o zoi. Quizlet .zoi. .i ra se cmigau fi rebi selcmi fi'o te jmina lo paxabimei .i lei so'imei be le'i selcmi noi se cmigau lo frica cu filgau lo nu morji tu'a lo jbovla. .i zu'unai la esperanton. fa'u la. interlinguas. fa'u la <nowiki>tokis.po</nowiki>nas. fa'u la. .idon. fa'u la klinon. ckaji loka ponse rezevo cmima fa'u rere cmima fa'u rere cmima fa'u pabi cmima fa'u pano cmima
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 5 pi'e 3===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 5 pi'e 3|.i]] la'e zoi gy. [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight] .gy. lu'u se fanva fi la lojban. .iji'a ra te snavei .i tezu'e lonu tirna le snavei kei ko cpacu la'e zoi gy. totus reads The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight .gy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 10===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 10|.i]] so'o tadni pe lo la <nowiki>seint.an</nowiki>drus. balcu'e ku noi zvati le kotygu'e cu zbasu lo la lojban. bende
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 2===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 2|.i]] la'o gy. [http://whereareyourkeys.org/ Where are your keys?] .gy. cu filta'a bangu se ci'erkei. .i la <nowiki>alyn.po</nowiki>st. cu favgau ri la'e lu [http://lodockikumazvati.org/ lo do ckiku ma zvati] li'u tezu'e lonu sidju fi lonu cilre la lojban.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 2 pi'e 19===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 2 pi'e 19|.i]] lo cmizu'e be tu'a lo snukarni ku po'u la'o gy. [http://forum.spore.com/jforum/posts/list/51236.page The Sporum] .gy. cu vi'ecpe fi lonu casnu la lojban.
==ni'o ni'o pinka==
<references/></noinclude>__NOTOC__

nuzba/en

2020-11-23T14:48:27Z

Cirko: cikre

<noinclude><div style="text-align:right;">'''[http://mw.lojban.org/index.php?title=nuzba/en&action=feed Feed]''' ('''[[nuzba|lo lojbo se tcini]]''')</div>
== News ==</noinclude>__NOEDITSECTION__

{{enNuzba|20 September 2020|[[User:Selpahi|la solpa'i]] publishes [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v{{=}}h_avoX_Xl4I Ua langu], an original song.}}
{{enNuzba|13 January 2020|The [[LFK]] is selected and begins meeting on Mattermost.}}
{{enNuzba|24 September 2018|[[la gleki]] publishes a translation of [https://jbotcan.org/lojban/en/how-the-enemy-came-to-thlunrana/ How the enemy came to Thlunrana, a story by Lord Dunsany] dedicating it to a new meeting of the [[LLG]].}}
{{enNuzba|24 July 2018|la evar usar published [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v{{=}}6kI__OTFn0o an English video introduction to Lojban].}}
{{enNuzba|15 May 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/269814241 The Magic Unsystem (makfa nalciste)]'', the fifth episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|28 April 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/267017304 The Human Inhabitans (remna xabju)]'', the fourth episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|30 March 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/262505217 The Rainforest Buffet (cavyricfoi gusta)]'', the third episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|28 February 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/257848338 The Food Web (citka je cidja ciste)]'', the second episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|30 January 2018|la guskant published [https://mentulimu.github.io/kocahokucli.html the first episode of ''mEntulimu''], a series of short videos about Lojban.}}

== Archives ==
{{enNuzba|20 January 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/251918917 The Lay of the Land (tcila co tumla)]'', the first episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|14 September 2017|la guskant published ''[https://vimeo.com/233808507 almapamla]'', a translation of the song [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amapola_(song) Amapola]] by Joseph Lacalle}}

===04 January 2017===
[[nuzba/en#04 January 2017|-]] la uakci published ''[http://ciuak.github.io/nodareroifasnu.html no da re roi fasnu]'', a translation of Polish poem ''Nic dwa razy'' by Wisława Szymborska into Lojban.

===12 November 2016===
[[nuzba/en#12 November 2016|-]] [[la guskant]] published ''[https://vimeo.com/190637628 lo vliraitru]'', a documentary film in Lojban.

===06 November 2016===
[[nuzba/en#06 November 2016|-]] la uakci published ''[http://ciuak.github.io/sorxaizuheseicatlu.html sorxaizu'e sei catlu]'', a translation of Polish poem ''Terrorysta, on patrzy'' by Wisława Szymborska into Lojban.

===13 October 2016===
[[nuzba/en#13 October 2016|-]] la lalxu published ''[https://lynn.github.io/la-melbi-e-le-ractu/ la melbi e le ractu]'', an original short story in Lojban.

===1 June 2016===
[[nuzba/en#1 June 2016|-]] [[la selpa'i]] published [http://selpahi.weebly.com/jbo/mi-zaho-citno lu mi za'o citno li'u], an original short story in Lojban.

<includeonly><div style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold;">[[nuzba/en|Older news is available in the archives]].</div></includeonly><noinclude>

===28 April 2016===
[[nuzba/en#28 April 2016|-]] [[la guskant]] published [http://fotono.tumblr.com/post/143537131514/coi-lo-se-jbobau-joau-zantufa-xi-papipare-i-la la skaborfe'a], a protest song against [http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/open_letter/open_letter.html Gleki's dictatorship] and [[The egocentrism of a Lojban community|the egocentrism of a Lojban community]].

===30 January 2016===
[[nuzba/en#30 January 2016|-]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] published [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6fUPLWJ-f-SWDlxRi1EUTNlZTg/view?usp=sharing a free pdf file of the group book], of which the printed book was sold in November 2015. The first part contains description of Lojban in Japanese, and the second part contains original texts in Lojban by la cogas, la niftyg and la sidas.

===January 2016===
[[nuzba/en#00 January 2016|-]] Premiere of [http://eriknatanaelgustafsson.com/index.php/stycken/ovrigt/8-svenska/verk/48-progress Progress], a contemporary music containing Lojban sentences composed by Erik Natanael Gustafsson, was held at the Academy of Music and Drama of University of Gothenburg.

=== 2015 ===

===25 December 2015===
[[nuzba/en#25 December 2015|-]] [http://masatohagiwara.net/ Masato Hagiwara] released [http://lojban.lilyx.net/zmifanva/ zmifanva], a Lojban-English machine translation engine based on phrase-based statistical machine translation.

===23 November 2015===
[[nuzba/en#23 November 2015|-]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] [https://twitter.com/cogas_uasanbon/status/668620645278683137 sold group books at a temporary market.]

===7 October 2015===
[[nuzba/en#7 October 2015|-]] [[la guskant]] released la bripre episode 3 «[https://vimeo.com/141602354 lo no valsi]», a musical based on the text «[https://groups.google.com/d/topic/lojban/LnbyPkupoMA/discussion ni'o ni'o da'a mo'o notci la si]» created by la iesk.

===18 August 2015===
[[nuzba/en#18 August 2015|-]] [https://twitter.com/Djemynai la djemynai] released «[http://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/tensaia tensaĭa]», a new rap single with lyrics in lojban, and an accompanying English translation of the lyrics.

===7 August 2015===
[[nuzba/en#7 August 2015|-]] "[[BPFK Section: cmevla|Dotside]]", the practice of bookending [[cmevla]] with "dots" (denpa bu), [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/bpfk-list/dnmLsaFk22A/discussion has been approved] by [[BPFK]] as a candidate standard. Additionally, you can now follow [https://twitter.com/LojbanBPFK BPFK on Twitter].

===31 July 2015===
[[nuzba/en#31 July 2015|-]] [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu/KRbVjuX_GOA/discussion la ponjo lojbo citno girzu will sell a lojban literature book at a temporary shop managed by them and Esperantists.]

===28 July 2015===
[[nuzba/en#28 July 2015|-]] [[BPFK]] (baupla fuzykamni), Lojban's language planning committee, was [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/bpfk-list/SXxIpMLgL5s/M0yMTFEMSvoJ called to order] on the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bpfk-list bpfk-list]. Initial topics of discussion include membership, voting, and the use of lojban in committee proceedings.

===12 July 2015===
[[nuzba/en#12 July 2015|-]] la .cogas. published [https://soundcloud.com/cogas-iuk/sunday-10-38-pm «claxu be do crisa»] ("Summer Without You"), a new original song in Lojban.

===28 June 2015===
[[nuzba/en#28 June 2015|-]] The [[LLG Board of Directors]] have re-elected Robert Lechavalier as President. And Rosta has been elected Vice President. Riley Martinez-Lynch has been elected as Secretary/Treasurer. Many thanks to outgoing Vice President Veijo Vilva, and long time Secretary/Treasurer Robin Lee Powell.

===21 June 2015===
[[nuzba/en#21 June 2015|-]] la djemynai published [https://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/zao an album of lojban songs] "ZA'O".

===15 June 2015===
[[nuzba/en#15 June 2015|-]] The whole dying corpus at corpus.lojban.org was rescued by la guskant and la danr, and is available by la [[korpora zei sisku]].

===5 May 2015===
[[nuzba/en#5 May 2015|-]] [[La Guskant]] and [[User:Tijlan|La Tijlan]] published a new song and video in Lojban, [https://vimeo.com/126974807 ro lo ma'a datka] ("All of our ducks").

===4 May 2015===
[[nuzba/en#4 May 2015|-]] Corbin Simpson published his second lojban song [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG-JKVBn6c4 cicricfoi bartu] ("It's a Jungle out There" by Randy Newman).

===23 April 2015===
[[nuzba/en#23 April 2015|-]] [[La Gleki]] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/lojban/permalink/10152869763166705 announced] the development of [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/i/muplis/index.html#sisku/ocean la muplis], a tool for quickly searching the corpus of Lojban sample sentences at [http://tatoeba.org tatoeba.org].

===20 April 2015===
[[nuzba/en#20 April 2015|-]] The [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] of [[LLG]] was adjourned. Thank you to everyone who participated!

===9 April 2015===
[[nuzba/en#9 April 2015|-]] A [http://www.webdiplomacy.net/board.php?gameID=158336 game of Diplomacy] is launched, with all negotiations to be carried out in Lojban. xorxes won a [http://www.webdiplomacy.net/board.php?gameID=80849 previous game], which was played from February-April 2012.

===30 March 2015===
[[nuzba/en#30 March 2015|-]] Thanks to the efforts of [[La Gleki]] and [[User:Robin Lee Powell|Robin]], the [[LMW|Lojbanic MediaWiki]] was rededicated as the new main lojban.org web site. The older site is still available at [http://tiki.lojban.org tiki.lojban.org] for the time being.

===22 March 2015===
[[nuzba/en#22 March 2015|-]] Following the [[BPFK Reauthorization|reauthorization of BPFK]], [[La Selpa'i]] was elected as the chair of [[baupla fuzykamni|BPFK]] as part of the ongoing [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]]. A slate of [[BPFK Members|members]] were also elected: Pierre Abbat, [[La Gleki]], durka42, [[La Ilmen]], [[La Xorxes]], [[La Xalbo]], And Rosta and [[La Guskant]].

===26 February 2015===
[[nuzba/en#26 February 2015|-]] Corbin Simpson published his first lojban song [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9-YzMMp-1A galmauloi] ("Higher Ground" by Stevie Wonder).

===24 February 2015===
[[nuzba/en#24 February 2015|-]] [[LLG Members]] at the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] approved a [[BPFK Reauthorization|reauthorization]] of [[baupla fuzykamni|BPFK]]. BPFK is reorganized as a standing committee with the charge of improving and maintaining formal descriptions of Lojban, elaborating undocumented and under-documented language features, resolving inconsistencies and errors in existing documentation, and responding to issues that arise in usage.

===15 February 2015===
[[nuzba/en#15 February 2015|-]] A [https://github.com/lojban/cll/milestones/Prince%20volunteers%20formatting%20review review of formatting issues in the Prince PDF build of CLL] started on February 1. A [http://alexburka.com/lojban/prince.php continuous build], which picks up changes as they are committed to the shared repository and then generates an updated PDF, was created by durka42 to aid this effort. After two weeks, 7 out of 19 chapters have been reviewed.

===17 January 2015===
[[nuzba/en#17 January 2015|-]] An IRC session of the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] has been announced for Sunday, January 18, 2015, to take place in the #lojban channel at irc.freenode.net at 4pm UTC (8am PST, 11am EST, 5pm Paris/Berlin, 7pm Moscow, 1am January 19 Tokyo). The topic of the session will be CLL and the future of BPFK. See the [[Lojban IRC]] for details of how to connect to IRC.

===13 January 2015===
[[nuzba/en#13 January 2015|-]] [[John Cowan]] was awarded the [[LLG Honorary Officers|honorary title]] of "Archgrammarian" or "balgenpre" in recognition of the magnitude of his contributions to Lojban, and his many years as a member, director and officer of LLG.

===10 January 2015===
[[nuzba/en#10 January 2015|-]] The 2014 election for the Logical Language Group Board of Directors, held among members at the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] (ongoing), was finalized: Arkadii Balandin, Craig B. Daniel, Ali Sajid Imani, Riley Martinez-Lynch, and And Rosta were newly elected to the Board. Robert LeChevalier and Timo Paulssen were re-elected.

=== 2014 ===

===15 December 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] At the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting of LLG]] (ongoing), an unprecedented nine lojbanists from six different countries were admitted as voting members of the Logical Language Group. Welcome az, durka, gleki, guskant, ilmen, mukti, selpa'i, tsani, and xalbo!

===15 November 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/c6fXtgkPdWQ bripre jikca 9]", the tenth and final episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {skari} ("color") and it includes texts by keidji, niftg, mukti, xorxes, and junpen on that topic, as well as readings by mizu'e and durka42.

===3 November 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] The 2014 annual member's meeting of [[The Logical Language Group]] convened on November 3. The meeting will be conducted on the [http://mail.lojban.org/mailman/listinfo/llg-members llg-members mailing list] with at least one IRC session to be announced. Please respond to the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/thV52S9d6hc announcement] on the lojban-list if you do not currently have access to llg-members, but you wish to observe or participate in the meeting. The agenda includes [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban/7IS0b62FKhE/A_8FQo6QYAYJ a clarification of bylaw amendments that were approved at the 2003 meeting] and a discussion of [[Official Baseline Statement (2002/2003)|baseline policies]].

===31 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/N2ibcTzGZ7w bripre jikca 8]", the ninth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is '''fulta''' (''floating'') and it includes chef mankant's recipe for a floating island, and texts on that subject from la durka and la niftg. Submissions are requested by November 8 for the next episode (theme: '''skari''' - ''color''), to be published November 15. bripre and mankant are taking a well deserved vacation, so this will be the last episode for the time being.

===18 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/C7YvHiyXeao bripre jikca 7]", the eigth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {santa} ("umbrella") and it includes texts on that subject from graywyvern, lojytan, niftg, durka42 and mukti. Submissions are requested by October 25 for the next episode (theme: {fulta} -- "floating"), to be published November 1.

===6 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/N-Y9eBBTrxU lo jbobau cu mo]", a new "jbo-rap" by selpa'i, featuring danr, Ilmen, and durka42 is released. It is described as a "commentary on the current situation in 'Lojbanistan'" and "a call to action."

===4 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/4SLuBcfcJiI bripre jikca 6]", the seventh episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {xutla} ("smooth/silky/soft") and it includes texts on that subject from niftg, junpen and ilmen. Submissions are requested by October 11 for the next episode (theme: {santa} -- "umbrella"), to be published October 18.

===27 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] Martin Bays releases [https://gitorious.org/tersmu tersmu 0.2], a "semantic parser" for lojban, implemented in Haskell. It transforms lojban input into expressions of first order logic.

===22 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] Robin Lee Powell [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban/q5kpCvsxwHQ/xS3xfNtt7vwJ announces progress on the forthcoming update of "The Complete Lojban Language"], and asks for volunteers to help prepare it for print.

===20 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/lr-4oHGhKC4 bripre jikca 5]", the sixth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {bajra} ("to run") and it includes a text on that subject from niftg, a translation of XKCD animated and read by durka, and an eleatic footrace between mankant and the "dog". Submissions are requested by September 27 for the next episode (theme: {xutla} -- "smooth/silky/soft"), to be published October 4.

===5 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/70pHmLf7v9A bripre jikca 4]", the fifth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {kukte} ("delicious/delightful") and it includes texts on that subject from niftg, durka, tsani, mukti, and junpen, and a reading by selpa'i. Submissions are requested by September 13 for the next episode (theme: {bajra} -- "run"), to be published September 20.

===23 August 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/FUmUlysRviI bripre jikca 3]", the fourth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {fagri} ("fire") and it includes submissions on that subject from stefan, niftg, mukti, junpen and durka. Submissions are requested by August 30 for the next episode (theme: {fagri} -- "fire"), to be published September 6.

===2 August 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/huRQ5-CObUs bripre jikca 2]", the third episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {litru} ("travel") and it includes submissions on that subject from keidji, tsani, niftg , and junpen, and a reading by selpa'i. Submissions are requested by August 16 for the next episode (theme: {fagri} -- "fire"), to be published August 23.

===20 July 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csCEYlGp0vQ bripre jikca 1]", the second episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {panci} ("smell") and it includes writings and translations on that subject from numerous jbopre. Submissions are requested by July 26 for the next episode (theme: {litru} -- "travel"), to be published August 2.

===5 July 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] guskant starts a new video podcast, "[https://vimeo.com/album/3148016 bripre jikca]". The theme of the first episode is {nicte} ("night"), and it includes a translation of the poem "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiet_Night_Thought Quiet Night Thought]" by Li Pai. Submissions are requested by July 12 for the next episode, theme {panci} ("smell"), to be published July 19

===5 April 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] danr [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/sGoK80yVNPI announces] the release of "[http://korp.alexburka.com/ korpora zei sisku]", a new corpus indexing and search system.

===5 March 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] selpa'i releases his second original song, «[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLrmjRIMgAk lo mi jufra]»

=== 2013 ===

===24 December 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] selpa'i publishes [http://selpahi.de/oz_plain.html a translation of L. Frank Baum's "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"].

===10 December 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] Slate's" Lexicon Alley" podcast features [http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/lexicon_valley/2013/12/lexicon_valley_lojban_is_an_invented_language_that_aims_to_be_supremely.html an interview with Arika Okrent about lojban].

===4 October 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] guskant releases a recording of «[https://vimeo.com/113351301 la tcungatcangas pe mu sofybakni zi'e noi xorlo je xorla]», a translation of the Russian song «Tcungatcangas», including original artwork

===7 June 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] guskant releases «[https://vimeo.com/113232481 ro roi za'u re'u ji'a]»

===3 June 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] selpa'i releases an original song, «[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZomVOBE5-0 ca pa djedi]»

===29 April 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] Masato Hagiwara releases [http://masatohagiwara.net/camxes.js camxes.js], a javascript port of the [http://users.digitalkingdom.org/~rlpowell/hobbies/lojban/grammar camxes PEG parser].

===19 April 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] lojbab and Nora are [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/OWqJt0hcMQY invited] to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zg0pK-8zXA0 speak to the "Artificial Languages" class at the College of William and Mary].

===4-6 January 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] 25th anniversary LogFest is celebrated in Fairfax, VA.

===2 January 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] [http://www.amazon.com/Transhumanist-Wager-Zoltan-Istvan-ebook/dp/B00AQQSY60 Zoltan Istvan's "Transhumanist Wager"], a science fiction novel which references lojban, is published.

=== 2012 ===

===29 December 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] timo presents [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdlGxgKt7nc a lightning talk about lojban] at the 29th Chaos Communication Congress, Hamburg, Germany.

===10 December 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] [http://ihmisentila.tumblr.com/ "Ihmisen tila - The Human Condition", an original play by Jyrki Pylväs] is premiered in Helsinki, Finland. It includes [http://ihmisentila.tumblr.com/post/35208355474/toinen-otto-ja-vahan-eri-meininki a monologue in lojban] translated by selpa'i.

===1 October 2012===
[[nuzba/en#1 October 2012|-]] Yoshikuni Jujo released [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/cakyrespa cakyrespa], run turtle like LOGO with Lojban.

===24 September 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] gleki [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/TIjuYKAIjqc%5B1-25-false%5D announces] the launch of the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/mw.lojban.org Lojbanic Mediawiki].

===17 September 2012===
[[nuzba/en#17 September 2012|-]] Yoshikuni Jujo released [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/lojysamban lojysamban], Prolog with Lojban.

===26 August 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] guskant releases [https://vimeo.com/113181181 la crisa ditcu] on YouTube.

===12 June 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] Robin Lee Powell, the full member of BPFK committee suggested the idea of a Lojban hackathon; that is, a time period strictly devoted to that sort of thing, ideally in person, but at least with real-time communication throughout. Currently Lojban comunity has a very long list of programming and programming-like (CLLv1.1) things that need to happen around here. Interested may write [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/SAlyiNkAvrw here].

===7 June 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] jbonunsla, the sometimes-annual social gathering for members of the Lojban community, will be held this year in the San Francisco Bay Area, in which many Lojbanists reside. It will be held primarily on Saturday, 7 July 2012 and Sunday, 8 July 2012. The gathering will take place in a shared hotel room in San Mateo: Read [https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!topic/lojban/KtHm8qDKniM details].

===24 February 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] If you still like the feel of a book, you'll love this. An illustrated hard copy of the xorxes translation of 'Alice in Wonderland' is finally available. The book, 'lo selfri be la .alis. bei bu'u la selmacygu'e', can be found in the bookstore on the [http://www.blurb.com/bookstore/detail/3007193 Blurb] website. Blurb is one of the leading print-on-demand service providers in the USA.

=== 2011 ===

===22 August 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] The Lojban community's annual convention, [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla jbonunsla], happened over 4th of July weekend in San Mateo, California, USA. Lojbanists from all around the country convened to a single point to participate in conversation in Lojban, gaming in Lojban, and open floor activities. Pictures have been taken of the event and can be seen on the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2011 2011 jbonunsla page].

===23 June 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] The Lojban community's annual convention, [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest] (known in Lojban as [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla jbonunsla]), will be held on Saturday July 2 and Sunday July 3 at the [http://www.holidayinn.com/hotels/us/en/san-mateo/sfosm/hoteldetail/directions Holiday Inn] in San Mateo, California, USA. Experienced lojbanists who want to talk in Lojban, newbies who want to meet some of the key people in the community, and anybody who is just interested are all invited to attend what promises to be a mind-blowing experience. Attendees can travel easily from the following airports, in order of convenience: San Francisco International Airport, San Jose Airport, and Oakland International Airport. Locals with cars are available for pickup if necessary. For more information contact [mailto:rlpowell@digitalkingdom.org Robin Powell].

===3 June 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] Here is a well-presented [http://youtu.be/hO-F3OVWO4k update] on how language shapes "the most fundamental dimensions of human experiences: space, time, causality and relationships to others." [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojban+Introductory+Brochure Loglan], from which Lojban evolved, was originally designed to test this very idea. Although this has received diminished attention since that time, there appears to be a resurgence of interest in the scientific community.

===18 April 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] [http://courses.rice.edu/admweb/swkscat.main?p_action=COURSE&p_crn=16915&p_term=201210 "Introductory Lojban"] is a student-run one-credit course that will be offered at [http://www.rice.edu/ Rice University] in Houston, USA, starting August 23, 2011. The course length is 14 weeks, with each lesson lasting 1 hour. Registration is required for full participation. However, anyone is welcome to "sit in", but should contact the course presenter, Joe Anderson, beforehand. Each Rice-registered student will be provided with a copy of the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The+Complete+Lojban+Language Lojban Reference Manual]. By the end of the course, students should know the basic structure of Lojban and be able to converse in it readily. For more information, contact the course presenter, [mailto:jandew%2Blojban@gmail.com?subject=Lojban%20Course%20at%20Rice%20University Joe Anderson].

===12 April 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] An [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86&no_bl=y Arabic version of the home page] has been added to this web site. This is the last of the world's major languages (the six used for creating "gismu" - Lojban's root words) in which the home page of this site has been translated. In addition, the translation has been done for another eleven languages.

===5 March 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] March marks the first anniversary of the setting up of the Japanese-language Google Group [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-soudan%3Cbr%20/%3E "lojban-soudan"]. The group currently has about fifteen members. A lojban study group at Tokyo University is in the process of creating a [https://github.com/mhagiwara/cll-ja partial translation] of the Lojban Reference Manual (CLL). There is also a Lojban Club at Osaka University, [mailto:lamuk.lalojban.nelci@gmail.com one of whose members] is enhancing and updating the Japanese pages of this wiki.

===12 February 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] A [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/lojban+(fi)&no_bl=y Finnish version of the home page] has been added to this web site.

===5 February 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] A [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/lojban+(fr)&no_bl=y French-language home page] has been added to this website. Hopefully, this will draw more francophones across the world to Lojban. The home page is now available in 16 languages. More will be added in an effort to futher "internationalize" the lojban community.

===20 January 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] In an effort to broaden the appeal of Lojban in India, home pages in the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8&no_bl=y Hindi] and [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D&no_bl=y Kannada] languages have been added to this website. Hindi is one of two official languages of India and is spoken by close to 200M people worldwide. Kannada is the official language of the state of Karnataka which is the location of Bangalore and the centre of India's burgeoning IT industry.

===6 January 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] All four Lojban Wave lessons have been translated into Polish and are available on [https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=12wcGRHA08yMlJoGPjFw1z4kQq-HNi0_dpGIJ2cu3VFM GoogleDocs]. Hopefully, this will spread the Word in Poland where there is already a small but vibrant Lojban community!

=== 2010 ===

===18 December 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Are you a newbie and ready for your first read? Are you more experienced and would like to take on the challenge of introducing your children to a story in Lojban? Either way, you'll want to take a look at a new translation by [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Remo Dentato] of [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=784 If I had a Pet Dinasaur] by Gil Robles. It's in full colour, nicely illustrated and a wonderful quick read!

===25 November 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Today, [mailto:janek37@gmail.com Jan Szejko] (ianek) gave a short presentation on Lojban to students at the renowned Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics of the University of Warsaw in Poland. Students from this faculty have twice won first place at the world finals of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_International_Collegiate_Programming_Contest ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest].

===18 November 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_map mind map] of [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=759 Lojban word types] has been made available on the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbo_cheat_sheet cheat sheet page] of this website. This should be a particularly useful learning aid for beginners with strong visual memory. Check out the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Learning Learning] page for more information on how to start learning Lojban.

===12 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The 2010 Annual Meeting of the Logical Language Group Inc. has closed. Bob LeChevalier (USA), Arnt Johansen (Norway) and Robin Powell (USA) were re-elected to the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/LLG%20Members Board]. They are joined by two new members: Timo Paulssen (Germany) and Veijo Vilva (Finland).

===6 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Yesterday Willem Larsen, one of the creators of the language fluency game "[http://whereareyourkeys.org/ Where are your Keys?], published a blog entry called "[http://whereareyourkeys.org/2010/10/05/the-playful-world-of-conlangs/ The Playful World of Conlangs]" to the "[http://whereareyourkeys.org/ Where are your Keys?] blog. Lojban is given special mention as one of the constructed languages which has a "Where are your Keys?" community.

===5 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Alan Post has announced that [http://lodockikumazvati.org/ "lo do ckiku ma zvati]("Where are your Keys?") can now be played by e-mail [http://whereareyourkeys.org/ "Where are your Keys?"] is a language fluency game that is quickly gaining in popularity among Lojban neophytes. In it's initial version, it was played interactively - requiring students to be available at the same time. The e-mail version will make it easier for students in different time zones to participate. If you are interested in playing, please [http://groups.google.com/group/lodockikumazvati join] the group.

===1 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Starting today, Polish lojbanists have their own mailing list [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-pl/ lojban-pl]. The Polish group is currently deciding which Lojban resources to translate into Polish first. [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Marek Rogalski] is the contact. Poland is expected to be fertile ground for Lojban, having a great tradition in the field of constructed languages. Ludwik (Leyzer) Zamenhoff, the creator of Esperanto, was born in Bialystok in 1859.

===9 September 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] A new children's book [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=719 le lunra jo'u le mapku] is available. This is a translation by [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Remo Dentato] of [http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/pratham-mooncap.pdf The Moon and the Cap], written in India. This full colour PDF-format book looks just like the original, and will be a great way to introduce your children to the joys of Lojban.

===12 August 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Leo Molas will give a presentation on Lojban at the upcoming [http://www.jornadasdelsur.org.ar/2010/ "Jornadas del Sur"] convention on Monday, August 16, in Bahia Blanca, Argentina. The subject of the convention, which lasts from Saturday, August 14 to Monday, August 16, is free software and free culture. Leo's presentation will cover: What is Lojban? History. Sapir-Whorf Hyphothesis. Why learn Lojban? Basic grammar. For more information, contact [mailto:leos.molas@gmail.com Leo].

===9 August 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The 2010 Annual Meeting of the Logical Language Group Inc, will commence on 21 August 2010 at approximately 1PM EDT, on the [http://lojban.org/lists/llg-members/ llg-members list]. The meeting will be conducted by email. Members should be checking their members list email at least daily. Non-members who may be interested in becoming formal members of LLG should also attend. Please read the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Bylaws+of+The+Logical+Language+Group%2C+Inc. bylaws] of the LLG in advance of the meeting, and perhaps a few of the minutes of prior meetings, so that you have some idea what membership is all about; the LLG typically accepts anyone who shows evidence of sufficient interest and awareness of what they are signing up for. To get access privileges to the llg-members list, non-members should contact LLG Secretary [mailto:rlpowell@digitalkingdom.org Robin Powell], preferably on [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojban%20IRC IRC Chat].

===25 July 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Starting July 27, 2010, Lojban enthusiasts in the San Francisco area of the USA will meet together at regular intervals each month to communicate in and about Lojban. The venue is the home of Stephen Weeks in Mountainview. The format and content of these meetings will be set during the first meetings. The seriously curious as well as experienced lojbanists are welcome. Contact [mailto:tene@allalone.org Stephen] if you are interested in particpating.

===19 July 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] A new milestone has been reached with the implementation of over 600 Lojban's structure words ('cmavo') on [http://smart.fm/ Smart.fm]. Now, the whole of Lojban's basic vocabulary of root words, their conversions and structure words can be studied using one of the most effective learning tools currently available. Smart.fm is an adaptive flashcard system that includes audio, advanced tracking features based on a unique learning algorithm, and provides an applet for the iPhone. To take a look, go to the site, type 'Lojban' in the Search box, sign-up and start learing!

===4 July 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Lojbanists [mailto:jjllambias@gmail.com Jorge Llambias] and [mailto:leos.molas@gmail.com Leo Molas] have proposed complete sets of Lojban words for all countries, languages and currencies, basing them on ISO codes. A systematic approach to the use of these codes has enabled a virtually automatic process for producing such words - one likely to work for future, as yet unspecified codes. The sets can be found at [http://bit.ly/bgB7PV http://bit.ly/bgB7PV], [http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq], [http://bit.ly/clUVtb http://bit.ly/clUVtb] and [http://bit.ly/c43ua5 http://bit.ly/c43ua5]. Lojban words derived from foreign words or external sources are known as 'fu'ivla'. The proposal is a solution to a problem that all constructed languages share. How do you go about efficiently translating tens of thousands of words that have evolved in natural languages over thousands of years within the constraints imposed by your own language rule?'.

===22 June 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] All of Lojban's approximately 1300 'gismu' (root-words), along with their 'rafsi' (short versions of the root-words) are now implemented in the [http://www.quizlet.com/ Quizlet] flashcard memorization website. Grouped alphabetically in 28 sets, they bring the total of Lojban word sets to 169. This huge selection of sets, grouped in so many different ways, significantly facilitates vocabulary learning. By comparison, Esperanto has 274 sets, Interlingua 22, Toki Pona 22, Ido 18, Klingon 10.

===7 May 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest 2010] took place from April 30 - May 2 at [http://www.penguicon.org/ PenguiCon] 2010 in Troy, Michigan, and was a great success. Nine serious Lojbanists attended, and we attracted 3 or 4 newbies. Courtesy of Axis, here is a picture of most of the attendees, and a couple of newbies, attending a lesson.

===3 May 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The popular children's story book [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The%20Berenstain%20Bears%20Get%20in%20a%20Fight The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight] has been translated into Lojban by Andrew Piekarski and reviewed by Michael Turiansky. It can be listened to (download [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=710&page=Multimedia&download=y totus reads The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight]) as well as read. For devotees of exotic scripts, a Tengwar version is available (download [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=706&page=Tengwar&download=y 'lo la BERenstain. cribe co'a simda'a' written in Tengwar]). Michael Turiansky did the first translation of one of the Berenstain Bears series - [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The%20Berenstain%20Bears%20and%20the%20Prize%20Pumpkin The Berenstain Bears and the Prize Pumpkin].

===4 Apr 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The Lojban community's annual convention, [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest] (known in Lojban as [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla jbonunsla]), will be held during April 30 - May 2 this year at [http://www.penguicon.org/ Penguicon 2010] in Troy, Michigan in the USA. Experienced lojbanists who want to talk in Lojban, newbies who want to meet some of the key people in the community, and anybody who is just interested are all invited to attend what promises to be a mind-blowing experience. For more information contact [mailto:matt.mattarn@gmail.com Matt Arnold].

===23 Mar 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The first stage of implementing Lojban vocabulary on [http://smart.fm/ Smart.fm] has been completed. All 1300 of Lojban's root words ('gismu') can now be studied along with some 3,500 derived words ('gismu sumti'). These are organized into 'lessons', three of which are now ready. Additional lessons for learning over 600 structure words ('cmavo') are now in development. Smart.fm is an adaptive flashcard learning tool that includes audio, advanced tracking features based on a unique learning algorithm, and provides an applet for the iPhone. To take a look, go to the site, type 'Lojban' in the Search box, sign-up and start learing!

===10 Mar 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Students at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland have started a Lojban Society. Hosting weekly meetings in a local pub, the group has 12 members after its first month. The group is to provide a social environment for people sharing an interest in Lojban and, in the future, act as a resource for Lojban-related projects at the University. Certainly repeatable at any university (or anywhere for that matter!). To find out more, contact [mailto:lojban@st-andrews.ac.uk lojban@st-andrews.ac.uk].

===2 Mar 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] [http://whereareyourkeys.org/ "Where are your Keys?"] is a language fluency game that rapidly builds fluency in a language by making the techniques used to teach language transparent to the student so they can be used for self-directed learning. A "Where are your Keys?" website focused specifically toward learning Lojban is now online: [http://lodockikumazvati.org/ "lo do ckiku ma zvati"]. Come and play "lo do ckiku ma zvati!" Contact [mailto:alyn.post@lodockikumazvati.org Alan Post] for more information.

===19 Feb 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] An invitation has been made by an author on [http://forum.spore.com/jforum/posts/list/51236.page The Sporum], the official Spore forum, for a discussion about Lojban. If you have an opinion to share with others, go for it! Spore is a popular multi-genre single-player metaverse god game published by Electronic Arts. The forum has a Science and Spore section for participants who are science buffs.

===3 Feb 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Work has started on making Smart.fm available to students of Lojban vocabulary. At its core, [http://smart.fm/Smart.fm Smart.fm] is an adaptive flashcard learning tool but with audio and advanced tracking features. A review can be found [http://www.freetech4teachers.com/2009/11/smartfm-independent-learning-platform.html here]. Beginners will find learning lojban vocabulary using Smart.fm fun and fast! If you already have a basic knowledge of lojban pronunciation and know how gismu work, and would like to contribute to this project, contact [mailto:eyeonus@gmail.com Jon "Top Hat" Jones].

===5 Jan 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Today, BBC Radio 4 aired another episode of its Word of Mouth program. Lojban was discussed along with Esperanto, Láadan and Klingon. To listen to it, download [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=677&page=Multimedia&download=y BBC program on constructed languages.]

=== 2009 ===

===30 Nov 2009===
[[nuzba/en#2009|-]] [http://www.amazon.com/gp/offer-listing/0966028309?seller=A2STSAFJP9WB2P The Complete Lojban Language] by John Woldemar Cowan is now available to buy from Amazon.com, and just in time for the holiday season. Treat yourself or someone special!

===1 Aug 2009===
[[nuzba/en#2009|-]] [http://www.jbotcan.org/ jbotcan], the lojbanic channel, is back up. It features anonymous imageboards, an rss feed that collects news from all over and more goodies! Be sure to check it out!

=== 2007 ===

===14 May 2007===
[[nuzba/en#2007|-]] Today, Timo and Cizra released their animation short '''lai citno melbi pinpedi'''. You can [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1710885982433758647 watch it on Google Video now]! If that title sounds familiar, you may have seen [http://perpetuum-immobile.de/komo.png this comic strip] before. In other news, the same Timo has been busy creating Jbobac, a Lojbanic audio board that anyone can post to. Just point your browser to [http://jbobac.lojban.org/ http://jbobac.lojban.org/], and join the action!

=== 2006 ===

===1 December 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://xkcd.com/c191.html Welcome, xkcd readers]! Join some [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojbanic+Forums Lojbanic Forums]. The Lojban-speaking community loves xkcd, so getting xkcd'ed is as good as getting Slashdotted, Dugg or Farked. The author of xkcd is expressing a sentiment similar to Groucho Marx's statement, "I don't care to belong to a club that accepts people like me as members." [[File:icon_smile.gif|:-)]] We can definitely laugh at ourselves, and exposure to xkcd's target audience (math, linguistics, and sarcasm) will probably result in at least one more participant in our hobby.

===27 October 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] ''Today'' I'm going to send in the Lojban group registration for Philcon. Email me your name and address and PayPal your registration now. I mean right now!

===20 October 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] Only ''one week left'' to get in on the Lojban group's discount rate to register for [http://www.philcon.org/ Philcon] in Philadelphia, the science fiction convention where the annual Lojban Festival will be held on November 17 through 19. See [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] for details, including our stellar Lojbanic guest list and schedule of events. We now have two rooms to put you up in if your expenses are tight. You can still register after we send in the group registration, but it will cost more. It might be the most fun Lojbanic meeting ever. I'm serious, now is the time to get in on this! -Eppcott

===03 October 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://community.livejournal.com/lojban The Lojban community blog on Livejournal] is now embedded on [http://www.lojban.org/ the Lojban homepage], as part of the plan discussed in[http://community.livejournal.com/lojban/8245.html Friday's entry]. Prepare for a digest of all the Lojbanic goodness the web has to offer! You don't have to have a [http://www.livejournal.com/ Livejournal account] to subscribe to [http://community.livejournal.com/lojban/data/atom the web feed]. You do need an LJ account to post, but if you don't want to get an LJ account you can just send your contribution to [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Matt+Arnold Matt Arnold] who will post it to the blog for you.

===12 September 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] Lojban was mentioned in [http://online.wsj.com/google_login.html?url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB115802923001560290.html%3Fmod%3Dgooglenews_wsj an article in the Wall Street Journal], "How Hartmut Pilch, Avid Computer Geek, Bested Microsoft", by Mary Jacoby. The free sample text made available online reads as follows:

<div>BRUSSELS — A proposal here to create a new European patents court has the support of Microsoft Corp., Siemens AG and many other giants of Western industry. But can it survive an attack from Hartmut Pilch?

A 43-year-old linguist from Munich, Mr. Pilch speaks Chinese, Japanese and an artificial language called Lojban intended to eliminate ambiguity and promoted by some programmers. He is the unlikely leader of a movement of self-styled computer geeks out to sink a patents plan they say would stifle software programmers.

"Patents on software mean any programmer can be sued at any time," says Mr. Pilch, ...</div>

===28 August 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] The next Lojban Fest for 2006 will be held at [http://www.philcon.org/ Philcon] in Philadelphia, November 17 through 19, 2006. Check out the page[http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] for the schedule and attendees so far, as well as registration details. Newcomers are especially welcome to join us! Keep checking the schedule as we continue to work with the [http://www.kli.org/ Klingon Language Institute] about the possibility of collaborative content between Lojban and Klingon at Philcon!

===20 July 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] Have you visited the land where Lojban is spoken? It's called [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj], meaning "computerized imaginary universe". It's a text-based world on the internet, where you can operate a character using commands in either English or Lojban: the online software is bilingual. Lojban is like the language of magic in [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj]--speaking it can bring objects into existence and give them form and function. You don't even need a plane ticket. Just [http://teddyb.org/cgi-bin/moo_ssh.html click here] and use the password "moo" to log in as a guest until you have your own account. Commands are typed in the bottom-most part of the window. Guest accounts are limited to using English, so type the "register" command to get your own account. It's totally free. More information, including other ways to access samxarmuj, is available at the wiki page about [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The+Lojban+MOO The Lojban MOO]. Intense labor on the part of many skilled programmers in our community has brought forth one of the most exciting venues in which to use Lojban that this language has ever had. Today, the software leaves Beta. It is with bated breath that we launch this massively multiplayer system and declare it ready for the public. But now we need to massively populate it. We are currently summoning new mages of every skill level. Come build your own part of the land. Although you do not have to speak Lojban to adventure in the land as it forms out of the nothingness around us, all spells must be cast in correct Lojban. Whatever power hears our descriptions of [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj], and turns them into reality, will respond to no other language. This land also welcome tourists with no skill in Lojban at all. Feel free to ask us any question about how to use the system. With enough interest, we may even be able to establish the Lojbanic equivalent of a Hogwarts academy for novice Lojban magicians! Who knows? Welcome to [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj]! Go native!

===4 May 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] was held at [http://www.penguicon.org/ Penguicon] in Michigan, April 21-23 2006. Next up for [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] will be [http://www.philcon.org/2006/ Philcon 2006] in November!

===24 Mar 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006], a celebration of the Logical Language, will be held at the science fiction convention and open source software expo [http://www.penguicon.org/ Penguicon] in Michigan, April 21-23 2006. This does not exclude others hosting LogFests of their own in 2006.

===4 Jan 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest] was held at PhilCon in Philadelphia from December 9th to December 11th. It was a quite successful event, despite a turnout that was a bit lower than expected. More details in the page about [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Logfest+2005 Logfest 2005].

=== 2005 ===

===13 Nov 2005===
[[nuzba/en#2005|-]] As the Secretary, I apologize for the lateness of this announcement, but I only got full confirmation 10 days ago myself. [http://www.philcon.org/2005/ Philcon - The Philadelphia Conference of Science Fiction and Fantasy] has agreed to have a room set aside for LogFest 2005! Philcon 2005 is being held at the Philadelphia Marriott Downtown on December 9th-11th, 2005. That's '''IN 26 DAYS'''! I know that's really, really short notice, but if we can get enough people to show up, they'll do it for us next year too, and hopefully that relationship will continue far into the future. People showing up for LogFest '''will''' have to buy PhilCon memberships. Please let me know if that, or any other aspect of these arrangements, provides an unacceptable financial burden to you. I, and others, are willing to help put up some money for active Lojbanists who want to come. We don't know how big the room is going to be yet, but I've told them we expect about 10 people.

===5 Sep 2005===
[[nuzba/en#2005|-]] ''Complete site overhaul!'' Most of the lojban.org content has been moved from a set of static HTML pages to a [http://www.tikiwiki.org/ TikiWiki] content management system. The number of changes caused by this are too long to list. In addition, the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/LLG+2004+Annual+Meeting+Minutes LLG 2004 Annual Meeting Minutes] have been posted.

=== 2004 ===

===2 May 2004===
[[nuzba/en#2004|-]] A variety of minor bug fixes were done on the site, as well as some more major items. The front page was returned to CSS, XHTML and Bobby Level 3 compliance. The problem with clicking on one of the maps causing the maps to stop functioning was fixed. A couple of one-sheet brochures were added to [http://www.lojban.org/publications/brochures.html the brochures page]. The 25 November 2002 Board Meeting minutes were added. The 2003 annual meeting minutes were added.

=== 2003 ===

===10 September 2003===
[[nuzba/en#2003|-]] What is Lojban? is now available for purchase! The lojban.org site is now available, at least partially, in a variety of different languages. The vast majority of the site has been marked up in a way to make easy translation possible, but not all of the actual translation has been done. If you want to help, please contact the webmaster. Also, there is now a web-based IRC client available on the Forums page. The French and Spanish Lojban lists are now available. A Lojbanic translation program has been installed.

===11 May 2003===
[[nuzba/en#2003|-]] Some bylaw changes from 1992 were incorporated. Split off of Old Projects into a seperate page, many changes (mostly minor) to the projects and committees pages. Markup changes all over the place. The full changes list can be found at [http://www.lojban.org/cgi-bin/aegis.cgi?file@chan_menu+project@lojban-web+change@144 the Aegis change page for change number 144].

===7 April 2003===
[[nuzba/en#2003|-]] This is the first site update in a long time, and as such it's a big one. The site now has [http://www.bestpractical.com/rt/ Request Tracker] set up, and that is being used to manage necessary changes. The Level 0 book was added to the main site, a Helping Lojban page, a Help page, and a Feedback page were all added, and jbovlaste and Request Tracker were both linked in.

=== 2002 ===

===30 December 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] An IRC logging system has been set up. See [http://www.lojban.org/resources/forums.html the Lojbanic Forums page]. Also, many pages have been edited to point to wiki.lojban.org as the official wiki site, which will continue to be the right place even if someone else takes it over.

===28 November 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] The new [[Official Baseline Statement (2002/2003)|Baseline Statement]], from the LLG has been posted.

===14 November 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] Addition to the [http://www.lojban.org/llg/projects.html Official Projects Page], minor fixes and updates.

===24 October 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] A [http://www.lojban.org/resources/promotional.html Promotional Materials] page has been created. Also, I've made a [http://www.lojban.org//cgi-bin/twiki/view/Files/ Community Files Area], which is a TWiki (a web-based colloborative space).

===21 October 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] The [http://www.lojban.org/resources/faq.html Lojban FAQ] has been updated and moved and revamped and such. .uisai Thanks go to [http://www.lojban.org/mailto:daltonG@digitalkingdom.org Dalton Graham] for doing most of the work.

===23 September 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] There has been a major revamp of the Resources section. It has a lot more information in it now.

===18 September 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] The old minutes of the LLG have been posted, thanks to [http://www.miranda.org/~jkominek/ Jay Kominek]. He also html formatted the bylaws. See [http://www.lojban.org/publications.html the LLG publications page]. The [http://www.lojban.org/llg/projects.html official LLG Projects] page has been constructed. Please submit anything you are working on! An [http://www.lojban.org/llg/committees.html official LLG Committees] page has also been added. An interactive story has been added; see [http://www.lojban.org/texts/original.html the original lojbanic texts page].

===9 August 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] As may be obvious, I just made some drastic changes to the layout of the site. Please let me ([http://www.lojban.org/mailto:webmaster@lojban.org webmaster@lojban.org]) know what you think!

===23 July 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] LogFest, the annual gathering of lojbanists, is this coming weekend. Also, the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Members of the LLG will be held on Sunday, July 28th (during LogFest). The 2002 Annual Meeting of the Members of the LLG will be held at 1030AM EDT on Sunday July 28, 2002 at lojbab's house, 2904 Beau Lane, Fairfax VA 22031 USA. There being insufficient notice as required, no bylaw changes can be considered. LogFest mostly consists of a bunch of people hanging out at lojbab's house, talking in and about lojban. The annual meeting always occurs during LogFest.

===1 July 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] There was a major (several day) downtime of this site, due to bad RAM, which in turn caused file system corruption. The problem has been solved, and this machine now has a new, larger hard drive, as well as a completely new operating system (NetBSD 1.5.2). In addition, since the last update this machine has gotten a much faster processor and been moved into a co-location facility with a connection to the internet that is close to 300Mb/s.

===2 May 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] Minor website updates have been made. In particular, the contents of the Learning Lojban sections have been slightly improved, and many relative links have been fixed.

===18 April 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] Amazing news! The first draft of the Alice In Wonderland translation appears to be complete. The only things missing are a couple of the chapter titles and one stanza of a poem, as of this writing. Please go take a look in the Translations section!

=== Older News ===

* [http://www.lojban.org/oldnews/26May2000.html 26 May 2000]
* [[Lojban timeline]]
</noinclude>

nuzba

2020-11-23T14:44:51Z

Cirko: jmina ro pagbu be lo glicybau panra be'o poi balvi tu'a li 2017:01:04

<noinclude>
<div style="text-align:right;">'''[http://mw.lojban.org/index.php?title=nuzba&action=feed nuzyfle]''' (to zoi zoi ''[[nuzba/en|English version]]'' zoi toi)</div>
==ni'o ni'o nuzba==
</noinclude>__NOEDITSECTION__

===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 09 pi'e 22===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 09 pi'e 22|.i]] [[User:Selpahi|la solpa'i]] cu gubgau [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_avoX_Xl4I la'o sy.Ua langu.sy.] noi .elsa
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 01 pi'e 13===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2020 pi'e 01 pi'e 13|.i]] [[LFK|la lojbo fuzykamni]] cu se zastygau [[LLG|la lojbangri]] gi'e co'a casnu se pi'o la .matermost.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 09 pi'e 24===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 09 pi'e 24|.i]] [[la gleki]] se pu'o lo nu [[LLG|la lojbangri]] cu jmaji cu gubgau [https://jbotcan.org/lojban/en/how-the-enemy-came-to-thlunrana/ la'au lisri le nu le bradi cu klama la tlunranan. li'u] noi lo se fanva be fu ke'a cu se finti la'o gy.Lord Dunsany.gy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 07 pi'e 24===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 07 pi'e 24|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v{{=}}6kI__OTFn0o su'o skina je ci'ekle be lo glicybau ku je kosmu be lo ka se pi'o ce'u co'a slabu fa lo jbobau]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 05 pi'e 15===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 05 pi'e 15|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/269814241 la'au makfa nalciste li'u] noi vo moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 04 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 04 pi'e 28|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/267017304 la'au remna xabju li'u] noi vo moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 03 pi'e 30===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 03 pi'e 30|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/262505217 la'au cavyricfoi gusta li'u] noi ci moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 02 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 02 pi'e 28|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/257848338 la'au citka je cidja ciste li'u] noi re moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 30===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 30|.i]] [[User:Guskant|la .guskant.]] cu gubgau [https://mentulimu.github.io/kocahokucli.html la'au ko ca'o kucli li'u] noi pa moi co kinpau la'au mEntulimu li'u noi kinpoi fi ra fe lo jbobau

<includeonly><div style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold;" class="noprint">[[nuzba|.i lo pruda'o zmadu fasnu zo'u...]]</div></includeonly><noinclude>
==ni'o ni'o ba'o nuzba==
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 20===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2018 pi'e 01 pi'e 20|.i]] [[User:Guskant|la .guskant.]] cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/233808507 la .almapamla ku] noi .elsa gi'e xe fanva lo se finti be la'o gy.Joseph Lacalle.gy. be'o po'u la'o sy.Amapola.sy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 09 pi'e 14===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 09 pi'e 14|.i]] la .evar.usar. cu gubgau [https://vimeo.com/251918917 la'au tcila co tumla li'u] noi pa moi co kinpau lo kinpoi be lo nu mujyfi'i bei ra
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 01 pi'e 04===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2017 pi'e 01 pi'e 04|.i]] la uakci cu gubgau pa xe fanva be lo pemci be fi la visuuavas cimborskas be'o be'o poi se cmene [http://ciuak.github.io/nodareroifasnu.html lu no da re roi fasnu li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 12===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 12|.i]] [[la guskant]] cu gubgau pa to'e cfika skina poi se cmene [https://vimeo.com/190637628 lu lo vliraitru li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 06===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 11 pi'e 06|.i]] la uakci cu gubgau pa xe fanva be lo pemci be fi la visuuavas cimborskas be'o be'o poi se cmene [http://ciuak.github.io/sorxaizuheseicatlu.html lu sorxaizu'e sei catlu li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 10 pi'e 13===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 10 pi'e 13|.i]] la lalxu cu gubgau pa cnino prosa poi se cmene [https://lynn.github.io/la-melbi-e-le-ractu/ lu la melbi e le ractu li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 6 pi'e 1===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 6 pi'e 1|.i]] [[la selpa'i]] cu gubgau pa cnino tordylisri poi se cmene [http://selpahi.weebly.com/jbo/mi-zaho-citno lu mi za'o citno li'u]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 4 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 4 pi'e 28|.i]] [[la guskant]] cu gubgau [http://fotono.tumblr.com/post/143537131514/coi-lo-se-jbobau-joau-zantufa-xi-papipare-i-la la skaborfe'a] ku no'u lo selsa'a co pante be [http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/open_letter/open_letter.html lo ka vliraitru kei po la gleki ge'u] jo'u [[The egocentrism of a Lojban community|lo ka vliraitru cinmo kei po lo pa lojbo cecmu]]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1 pi'e 30===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1 pi'e 30|.i]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] cu gubgau [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6fUPLWJ-f-SWDlxRi1EUTNlZTg/view?usp=sharing lo pdf datnyvei be fi'o jdima noda] be'o noi lo prina be ke'a cu se vecnu de'i li 2015 pi'e 11 .i lo pamoi be lo re pagbu cu ve skicu la lojban bau lo banjupunu .i lo romoi cu jufra fi la lojban fi'e la cogas jo'u la niftyg jo'u la sidas
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2016 pi'e 1|.i]] pa re'u gubni fa la'o gy [http://eriknatanaelgustafsson.com/index.php/stycken/ovrigt/8-svenska/verk/48-progress Progress] gy no'u lo cedrymi'u zgike be fi'e la'o sy Erik Natanael Gustafsson sy be'o noi se pagbu lo lojbo jufra ku'o bu'u la'o sy Högskolan för scen och musik sy
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 12 pi'e 25===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 12 pi'e 25|.i]] [http://masatohagiwara.net/ la masatos xagiuaras] cu finti la [http://lojban.lilyx.net/zmifanva/ zmifanva] ku no'u lo banjubu'o joi bangenugu ke lairtcinyske ke minji fanva proga
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 11 pi'e 23===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 11 pi'e 23|.i]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] cu [https://twitter.com/cogas_uasanbon/status/668620645278683137 vecnu lo girzu cukta bu'u lo zasni zarci]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 10 pi'e 7===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 10 pi'e 7|.i]] [[la guskant]] cu gubgau la bripre ci mo'o no'u «[https://vimeo.com/141602354 la'au lo no valsi li'u]» noi zgike ji'u «[https://groups.google.com/d/topic/lojban/LnbyPkupoMA/discussion la'au ni'o ni'o da'a mo'o notci la si li'u]» noi jufra fi'e la iesk
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 18===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 18|.i]] [https://twitter.com/Djemynai la djemynai] cu gubgau la «[http://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/tensaia tensaĭa]» ku noi ra'apxu selsa'a be bau la .lojban. .i ji'a lo xe fanva be fi lo glico cu gubni
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 7===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 8 pi'e 7|.i]] [[BPFK Section: cmevla|lo javni be lo nu lo cmevla cu se sruri lo depybu'i kei]] [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/bpfk-list/dnmLsaFk22A/discussion mo'u se zanru gi'e jai se stidi] vau [[BPFK|lo cmima be byfy]] .i ta'o byfy co'a gubgau [https://twitter.com/LojbanBPFK lo ri nuzyfle bu'u la .tu'iter.]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 31===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 31|.i]] [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu/KRbVjuX_GOA/discussion la ponjo lojbo citno girzu cu ba vecnu lo lojbo tertcidu cukta bu'u lo zasni zaisle noi vo'a joi lo spero cu jitro ke'a]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 28|.i]] [[BPFK|byfy]] no'u la baupla fuzykamni be fi la lojbangirzu cu [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/bpfk-list/SXxIpMLgL5s/M0yMTFEMSvoJ co'a cuntu] bu'u lo mriste po'u la'o zoi [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bpfk-list bpfk-list] zoi .i casnu mu'a lo javni be lo nu cmibi'o kei .e lo nu cmicu'a be'o .e lo du'u xu kau lo jbobau ba ro pa mei lo bangu poi se pilno la kamni
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 12===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 7 pi'e 12|.i]] la .cogas. cu gubgau la'e lu [https://soundcloud.com/cogas-iuk/sunday-10-38-pm claxu be do crisa] li'u noi selsa'a bau lo lojbo
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 28===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 28|.i]] [[LLG Board of Directors |lo fuzraikamni be la lojbangirzu]] cu cmicu'a ja'e lo nu la'o zoi Robert LeChevalier zoi cu za'u re'u kagja'a .i la'o zoi And Rosta zoi cu co'a vipsi kagja'a .i la'o zoi Riley Martinez-Lynch zoi cu co'a ci'arse'u je baxpre .i io ckire la'o zoi Veijo Vilva zoi noi ba'o vipsi kagja'a ku'o .e la'o zoi Robin Lee Powell zoi noi pu ze'u ci'arse'u je baxpre
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 21===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 21|.i]] la djemynai cu gubgau la'au za'o li'u no'u [https://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/zao lo albuma be lo selsa'a be bau la lojban]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 15===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 6 pi'e 15|.i]] piro lo co'a morsi pe'a korpora be bu'u la corpus.lojban.org cu se nurgau la guskant joi la danr gi'e co'a te sisku fi la [[korpora zei sisku]]
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 5===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 5|.i]] [[User:Guskant|la guskant]] joi [[User:Tijlan|la tijlan]] co'a gubgau lo skina be lo selsa'a no'u la'au [https://vimeo.com/126974807 ro lo ma'a datka] li'u to la'o dy Alle meine Entchen dy noi se fanva [[User:Selpa'i|la selpa'i]] toi

===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 4===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 5 pi'e 4|.i]] la'o zoi Corbin Simpson zoi cu gubgau la [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG-JKVBn6c4 cicricfoi bartu] ku to la'o zoi It's a Jungle out There by Randy Newman zoi toi noi remoi be lo lojbo selsa'a be vo'a
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 23===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 23|.i]] [[la gleki]] cu [https://www.facebook.com/groups/lojban/permalink/10152869763166705 te nuzba] lo farvi no'u [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/i/muplis/index.html#sisku/ocean la muplis] noi tutci lo nu sutra lo nu zvasisku fi lo korpora be lo lojbo mupli tedi'o la'o zoi [http://tatoeba.org tatoeba.org] zoi
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 20===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 4 pi'e 20|.i]] lo nu [[LLG|la lojbangirz]] cu [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|jdijmaji kei be de'i'e li 2014]] cu mulno .i ki'e lo ro cmizu'e
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 2 pi'e 26===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2015 pi'e 2 pi'e 26|.i]] la'o zoi Corbin Simpson zoi cu gubgau la [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9-YzMMp-1A galmauloi] ku to la'o zoi Higher Ground by Stevie Wonder zoi toi noi pamoi be lo lojbo selsa'a be vo'a
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 10 pi'e 1===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 10 pi'e 1|.i]] la iocikun cu co'a gubgau [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/cakyrespa la cakyrespa] ku no'u lo lojbo me la'o zoi LOGO zoi
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 9 pi'e 17===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 9 pi'e 17|.i]] la iocikun cu co'a gubgau [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/lojysamban la lojysamban] no'u lo lojbo me la'o zoi Prolog zoi

===ni'o li'o <ref>.i lo drata nuzba cu sorcu bau lo bangenugu [[nuzba/en|pa moi]] ja [[Lojban timeline|re moi]]</ref>===
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 2 pi'e 24===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2012 pi'e 2 pi'e 24|.i]] la'e zoi gy. [http://alis.lojban.org/ Alice in Wonderland] .gy. lu'u no'u lo cukta be fo lo verba cu se fanva la'o gy. xorxes .gy. la lojban. gi'e pelji se prina
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 6 pi'e 23===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 6 pi'e 23|.i]] lonu cfari fa le jbonunsla cu se tcika li ji'i 9 ma'i la'o zoi. PDT .zoi. li 2011 pi'e 7 pi'e 2 le xotli be la'o zoi. San Mateo USA .zoi. bei me'e la'o zoi. Holiday Inn .zoi.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 3 pi'e 9===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 3 pi'e 9|.i]] li pi'e ci cu detke'u li pa lo nu cfagau lo ponjo bangu ke me la gugl girzu po'u la'o zoi. lojban-soudan .zoi.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 1 pi'e 26===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2011 pi'e 1 pi'e 26|.i]] tezu'e lonu la lojban. cu zenba loka cinri lo selgu'e be la <nowiki>indias.ke</nowiki>i kei lo xelfanva be tu'a lo pamoi mutpapri be ti be'o bei lo xinbau .e lo banku'anu cu seljmina fi le se mutpapri
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 12 pi'e 18===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 12 pi'e 18|.i]] xu do cnino tadni la lojban gi'e bredi lonu pare'u tcidu lo la .lojban. cukta .i xu do makcu tadni gi'e djica lonu jarco tu'a la .lojban. lo do verba .iseju .e'u ko catlu lo cnino xelfanva be la'e zoi gy. [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=784 If I had a Pet Dinosaur] .gy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 11 pi'e 18===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 11 pi'e 18|.i]] lo menli cartu cu se finti sera'a lo vlalei .i su'anai ra plixau lo nintadni pe sekai lo viska mo'isro tepi'o lo cilre sidju .i .e'u ko catlu le mutpapri pe me'e la'o gy. [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Learning Learning] .gy. tezu'e lonu facki fi lo co'a cilre tadji
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 10 pi'e 12===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 10 pi'e 12|.i]] le nanca nunjmaji be la lojbangirz. cu mulno .i la <nowiki>robrt.le</nowiki>cevalier. jo'u la <nowiki>arnt.rikard.iu</nowiki>xansen. jo'u la <nowiki>rabin.lis.pa</nowiki>u,el. za'ure'u se cuxna ja'e lonu cmibi'o lo fuzraikamni .i la <nowiki>timos.pa</nowiki>ulsen. jo'u la <nowiki>veion.vi</nowiki>lvan. cu binxo lo cnino cmima
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 9 pi'e 9===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 9 pi'e 9|.i]] la'e zoi gy. [[:File:719.sip|The Moon and the Cap]] .gy. lu'u no'u lo cukta be fo lo verba cu se fanva la'o gy. [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Remo Dentato] .gy. la lojban.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 8 pi'e 17===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 8 pi'e 17|.i]] lonu cfari fa le nanca nunjmaji be la lojbangirz cu se tcika li ji'i 13 ma'i la'o zoi. EDT .zoi. li 2010 pi'e 8 pi'e 21 le snustu po'u la'o zoi. llg-members .zoi.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 7 pi'e 4===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 7 pi'e 4|.i]] loi jbopre po'u la'o zoi. Jorge Llambias .zoi. jo'u la'o zoi. Leon Molas .zoi. cu stidi tu'a lo mulno selcmi be lo fu'ivla be tu'a lo gugde .e tu'a lo bangu .e tu'a lo rupnu be'o bei ji'u lo mifra be fi la'o zoi. ISO .zoi. .i ko catlu fy noi judri diklo
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/bgB7PV http://bit.ly/bgB7PV] .zoi. .e
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq] .zoi. .e
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/clUVtb http://bit.ly/clUVtb] .zoi. .e
*: la'o zoi. [http://bit.ly/c43ua5 http://bit.ly/c43ua5] .zoi
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 6 pi'e 22===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 6 pi'e 22|.i]] loi gismu pacinonomei ku jo'u loi rafsi pe ri ca mo'u se punji fi lo se mutpapri poi se cmene la'o zoi. Quizlet .zoi. .i ra se cmigau fi rebi selcmi fi'o te jmina lo paxabimei .i lei so'imei be le'i selcmi noi se cmigau lo frica cu filgau lo nu morji tu'a lo jbovla. .i zu'unai la esperanton. fa'u la. interlinguas. fa'u la <nowiki>tokis.po</nowiki>nas. fa'u la. .idon. fa'u la klinon. ckaji loka ponse rezevo cmima fa'u rere cmima fa'u rere cmima fa'u pabi cmima fa'u pano cmima
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 5 pi'e 3===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 5 pi'e 3|.i]] la'e zoi gy. [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight] .gy. lu'u se fanva fi la lojban. .iji'a ra te snavei .i tezu'e lonu tirna le snavei kei ko cpacu la'e zoi gy. totus reads The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight .gy.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 10===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 10|.i]] so'o tadni pe lo la <nowiki>seint.an</nowiki>drus. balcu'e ku noi zvati le kotygu'e cu zbasu lo la lojban. bende
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 2===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 3 pi'e 2|.i]] la'o gy. [http://whereareyourkeys.org/ Where are your keys?] .gy. cu filta'a bangu se ci'erkei. .i la <nowiki>alyn.po</nowiki>st. cu favgau ri la'e lu [http://lodockikumazvati.org/ lo do ckiku ma zvati] li'u tezu'e lonu sidju fi lonu cilre la lojban.
===ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 2 pi'e 19===
[[nuzba#ni'o nuznoi de'i li 2010 pi'e 2 pi'e 19|.i]] lo cmizu'e be tu'a lo snukarni ku po'u la'o gy. [http://forum.spore.com/jforum/posts/list/51236.page The Sporum] .gy. cu vi'ecpe fi lonu casnu la lojban.
==ni'o ni'o pinka==
<references/></noinclude>__NOTOC__

nuzba/en

2020-11-23T14:43:47Z

Cirko: Add almapamla and ua langu

<noinclude><div style="text-align:right;">'''[http://mw.lojban.org/index.php?title=nuzba/en&action=feed Feed]''' ('''[[nuzba|lo lojbo se tcini]]''')</div>
== News ==</noinclude>__NOEDITSECTION__

{{enNuzba|20 September 2020|[[User:Selpahi|la solpa'i]] publishes [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_avoX_Xl4I Ua langu], an original song. }}
{{enNuzba|13 January 2020|The [[LFK]] is selected and begins meeting on Mattermost.}}
{{enNuzba|24 September 2018|[[la gleki]] publishes a translation of [https://jbotcan.org/lojban/en/how-the-enemy-came-to-thlunrana/ How the enemy came to Thlunrana, a story by Lord Dunsany] dedicating it to a new meeting of the [[LLG]].}}
{{enNuzba|24 July 2018|la evar usar published [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v{{=}}6kI__OTFn0o an English video introduction to Lojban].}}
{{enNuzba|15 May 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/269814241 The Magic Unsystem (makfa nalciste)]'', the fifth episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|28 April 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/267017304 The Human Inhabitans (remna xabju)]'', the fourth episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|30 March 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/262505217 The Rainforest Buffet (cavyricfoi gusta)]'', the third episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|28 February 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/257848338 The Food Web (citka je cidja ciste)]'', the second episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|30 January 2018|la guskant published [https://mentulimu.github.io/kocahokucli.html the first episode of ''mEntulimu''], a series of short videos about Lojban.}}

== Archives ==
{{enNuzba|20 January 2018|la evar usar published ''[https://vimeo.com/251918917 The Lay of the Land (tcila co tumla)]'', the first episode of a Lojban-language worldbuilding video series. (English subtitles)}}
{{enNuzba|14 September 2017|la guskant published ''[https://vimeo.com/233808507 almapamla]'', a translation of the song [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amapola_(song) Amapola]] by Joseph Lacalle}}

===04 January 2017===
[[nuzba/en#04 January 2017|-]] la uakci published ''[http://ciuak.github.io/nodareroifasnu.html no da re roi fasnu]'', a translation of Polish poem ''Nic dwa razy'' by Wisława Szymborska into Lojban.

===12 November 2016===
[[nuzba/en#12 November 2016|-]] [[la guskant]] published ''[https://vimeo.com/190637628 lo vliraitru]'', a documentary film in Lojban.

===06 November 2016===
[[nuzba/en#06 November 2016|-]] la uakci published ''[http://ciuak.github.io/sorxaizuheseicatlu.html sorxaizu'e sei catlu]'', a translation of Polish poem ''Terrorysta, on patrzy'' by Wisława Szymborska into Lojban.

===13 October 2016===
[[nuzba/en#13 October 2016|-]] la lalxu published ''[https://lynn.github.io/la-melbi-e-le-ractu/ la melbi e le ractu]'', an original short story in Lojban.

===1 June 2016===
[[nuzba/en#1 June 2016|-]] [[la selpa'i]] published [http://selpahi.weebly.com/jbo/mi-zaho-citno lu mi za'o citno li'u], an original short story in Lojban.

<includeonly><div style="text-align: right; font-weight: bold;">[[nuzba/en|Older news is available in the archives]].</div></includeonly><noinclude>

===28 April 2016===
[[nuzba/en#28 April 2016|-]] [[la guskant]] published [http://fotono.tumblr.com/post/143537131514/coi-lo-se-jbobau-joau-zantufa-xi-papipare-i-la la skaborfe'a], a protest song against [http://guskant.github.io/lojbo/open_letter/open_letter.html Gleki's dictatorship] and [[The egocentrism of a Lojban community|the egocentrism of a Lojban community]].

===30 January 2016===
[[nuzba/en#30 January 2016|-]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] published [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6fUPLWJ-f-SWDlxRi1EUTNlZTg/view?usp=sharing a free pdf file of the group book], of which the printed book was sold in November 2015. The first part contains description of Lojban in Japanese, and the second part contains original texts in Lojban by la cogas, la niftyg and la sidas.

===January 2016===
[[nuzba/en#00 January 2016|-]] Premiere of [http://eriknatanaelgustafsson.com/index.php/stycken/ovrigt/8-svenska/verk/48-progress Progress], a contemporary music containing Lojban sentences composed by Erik Natanael Gustafsson, was held at the Academy of Music and Drama of University of Gothenburg.

=== 2015 ===

===25 December 2015===
[[nuzba/en#25 December 2015|-]] [http://masatohagiwara.net/ Masato Hagiwara] released [http://lojban.lilyx.net/zmifanva/ zmifanva], a Lojban-English machine translation engine based on phrase-based statistical machine translation.

===23 November 2015===
[[nuzba/en#23 November 2015|-]] [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu la ponjboci'ogri] [https://twitter.com/cogas_uasanbon/status/668620645278683137 sold group books at a temporary market.]

===7 October 2015===
[[nuzba/en#7 October 2015|-]] [[la guskant]] released la bripre episode 3 «[https://vimeo.com/141602354 lo no valsi]», a musical based on the text «[https://groups.google.com/d/topic/lojban/LnbyPkupoMA/discussion ni'o ni'o da'a mo'o notci la si]» created by la iesk.

===18 August 2015===
[[nuzba/en#18 August 2015|-]] [https://twitter.com/Djemynai la djemynai] released «[http://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/tensaia tensaĭa]», a new rap single with lyrics in lojban, and an accompanying English translation of the lyrics.

===7 August 2015===
[[nuzba/en#7 August 2015|-]] "[[BPFK Section: cmevla|Dotside]]", the practice of bookending [[cmevla]] with "dots" (denpa bu), [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/bpfk-list/dnmLsaFk22A/discussion has been approved] by [[BPFK]] as a candidate standard. Additionally, you can now follow [https://twitter.com/LojbanBPFK BPFK on Twitter].

===31 July 2015===
[[nuzba/en#31 July 2015|-]] [https://groups.google.com/d/topic/ponjo_lojbo_citno_girzu/KRbVjuX_GOA/discussion la ponjo lojbo citno girzu will sell a lojban literature book at a temporary shop managed by them and Esperantists.]

===28 July 2015===
[[nuzba/en#28 July 2015|-]] [[BPFK]] (baupla fuzykamni), Lojban's language planning committee, was [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/bpfk-list/SXxIpMLgL5s/M0yMTFEMSvoJ called to order] on the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bpfk-list bpfk-list]. Initial topics of discussion include membership, voting, and the use of lojban in committee proceedings.

===12 July 2015===
[[nuzba/en#12 July 2015|-]] la .cogas. published [https://soundcloud.com/cogas-iuk/sunday-10-38-pm «claxu be do crisa»] ("Summer Without You"), a new original song in Lojban.

===28 June 2015===
[[nuzba/en#28 June 2015|-]] The [[LLG Board of Directors]] have re-elected Robert Lechavalier as President. And Rosta has been elected Vice President. Riley Martinez-Lynch has been elected as Secretary/Treasurer. Many thanks to outgoing Vice President Veijo Vilva, and long time Secretary/Treasurer Robin Lee Powell.

===21 June 2015===
[[nuzba/en#21 June 2015|-]] la djemynai published [https://djemynai.bandcamp.com/album/zao an album of lojban songs] "ZA'O".

===15 June 2015===
[[nuzba/en#15 June 2015|-]] The whole dying corpus at corpus.lojban.org was rescued by la guskant and la danr, and is available by la [[korpora zei sisku]].

===5 May 2015===
[[nuzba/en#5 May 2015|-]] [[La Guskant]] and [[User:Tijlan|La Tijlan]] published a new song and video in Lojban, [https://vimeo.com/126974807 ro lo ma'a datka] ("All of our ducks").

===4 May 2015===
[[nuzba/en#4 May 2015|-]] Corbin Simpson published his second lojban song [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG-JKVBn6c4 cicricfoi bartu] ("It's a Jungle out There" by Randy Newman).

===23 April 2015===
[[nuzba/en#23 April 2015|-]] [[La Gleki]] [https://www.facebook.com/groups/lojban/permalink/10152869763166705 announced] the development of [http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/ilmentufa/i/muplis/index.html#sisku/ocean la muplis], a tool for quickly searching the corpus of Lojban sample sentences at [http://tatoeba.org tatoeba.org].

===20 April 2015===
[[nuzba/en#20 April 2015|-]] The [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] of [[LLG]] was adjourned. Thank you to everyone who participated!

===9 April 2015===
[[nuzba/en#9 April 2015|-]] A [http://www.webdiplomacy.net/board.php?gameID=158336 game of Diplomacy] is launched, with all negotiations to be carried out in Lojban. xorxes won a [http://www.webdiplomacy.net/board.php?gameID=80849 previous game], which was played from February-April 2012.

===30 March 2015===
[[nuzba/en#30 March 2015|-]] Thanks to the efforts of [[La Gleki]] and [[User:Robin Lee Powell|Robin]], the [[LMW|Lojbanic MediaWiki]] was rededicated as the new main lojban.org web site. The older site is still available at [http://tiki.lojban.org tiki.lojban.org] for the time being.

===22 March 2015===
[[nuzba/en#22 March 2015|-]] Following the [[BPFK Reauthorization|reauthorization of BPFK]], [[La Selpa'i]] was elected as the chair of [[baupla fuzykamni|BPFK]] as part of the ongoing [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]]. A slate of [[BPFK Members|members]] were also elected: Pierre Abbat, [[La Gleki]], durka42, [[La Ilmen]], [[La Xorxes]], [[La Xalbo]], And Rosta and [[La Guskant]].

===26 February 2015===
[[nuzba/en#26 February 2015|-]] Corbin Simpson published his first lojban song [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9-YzMMp-1A galmauloi] ("Higher Ground" by Stevie Wonder).

===24 February 2015===
[[nuzba/en#24 February 2015|-]] [[LLG Members]] at the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] approved a [[BPFK Reauthorization|reauthorization]] of [[baupla fuzykamni|BPFK]]. BPFK is reorganized as a standing committee with the charge of improving and maintaining formal descriptions of Lojban, elaborating undocumented and under-documented language features, resolving inconsistencies and errors in existing documentation, and responding to issues that arise in usage.

===15 February 2015===
[[nuzba/en#15 February 2015|-]] A [https://github.com/lojban/cll/milestones/Prince%20volunteers%20formatting%20review review of formatting issues in the Prince PDF build of CLL] started on February 1. A [http://alexburka.com/lojban/prince.php continuous build], which picks up changes as they are committed to the shared repository and then generates an updated PDF, was created by durka42 to aid this effort. After two weeks, 7 out of 19 chapters have been reviewed.

===17 January 2015===
[[nuzba/en#17 January 2015|-]] An IRC session of the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] has been announced for Sunday, January 18, 2015, to take place in the #lojban channel at irc.freenode.net at 4pm UTC (8am PST, 11am EST, 5pm Paris/Berlin, 7pm Moscow, 1am January 19 Tokyo). The topic of the session will be CLL and the future of BPFK. See the [[Lojban IRC]] for details of how to connect to IRC.

===13 January 2015===
[[nuzba/en#13 January 2015|-]] [[John Cowan]] was awarded the [[LLG Honorary Officers|honorary title]] of "Archgrammarian" or "balgenpre" in recognition of the magnitude of his contributions to Lojban, and his many years as a member, director and officer of LLG.

===10 January 2015===
[[nuzba/en#10 January 2015|-]] The 2014 election for the Logical Language Group Board of Directors, held among members at the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting]] (ongoing), was finalized: Arkadii Balandin, Craig B. Daniel, Ali Sajid Imani, Riley Martinez-Lynch, and And Rosta were newly elected to the Board. Robert LeChevalier and Timo Paulssen were re-elected.

=== 2014 ===

===15 December 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] At the [[LLG Meeting Announcement 2014|2014 Annual Meeting of LLG]] (ongoing), an unprecedented nine lojbanists from six different countries were admitted as voting members of the Logical Language Group. Welcome az, durka, gleki, guskant, ilmen, mukti, selpa'i, tsani, and xalbo!

===15 November 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/c6fXtgkPdWQ bripre jikca 9]", the tenth and final episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {skari} ("color") and it includes texts by keidji, niftg, mukti, xorxes, and junpen on that topic, as well as readings by mizu'e and durka42.

===3 November 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] The 2014 annual member's meeting of [[The Logical Language Group]] convened on November 3. The meeting will be conducted on the [http://mail.lojban.org/mailman/listinfo/llg-members llg-members mailing list] with at least one IRC session to be announced. Please respond to the [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/thV52S9d6hc announcement] on the lojban-list if you do not currently have access to llg-members, but you wish to observe or participate in the meeting. The agenda includes [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban/7IS0b62FKhE/A_8FQo6QYAYJ a clarification of bylaw amendments that were approved at the 2003 meeting] and a discussion of [[Official Baseline Statement (2002/2003)|baseline policies]].

===31 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/N2ibcTzGZ7w bripre jikca 8]", the ninth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is '''fulta''' (''floating'') and it includes chef mankant's recipe for a floating island, and texts on that subject from la durka and la niftg. Submissions are requested by November 8 for the next episode (theme: '''skari''' - ''color''), to be published November 15. bripre and mankant are taking a well deserved vacation, so this will be the last episode for the time being.

===18 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/C7YvHiyXeao bripre jikca 7]", the eigth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {santa} ("umbrella") and it includes texts on that subject from graywyvern, lojytan, niftg, durka42 and mukti. Submissions are requested by October 25 for the next episode (theme: {fulta} -- "floating"), to be published November 1.

===6 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/N-Y9eBBTrxU lo jbobau cu mo]", a new "jbo-rap" by selpa'i, featuring danr, Ilmen, and durka42 is released. It is described as a "commentary on the current situation in 'Lojbanistan'" and "a call to action."

===4 October 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/4SLuBcfcJiI bripre jikca 6]", the seventh episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {xutla} ("smooth/silky/soft") and it includes texts on that subject from niftg, junpen and ilmen. Submissions are requested by October 11 for the next episode (theme: {santa} -- "umbrella"), to be published October 18.

===27 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] Martin Bays releases [https://gitorious.org/tersmu tersmu 0.2], a "semantic parser" for lojban, implemented in Haskell. It transforms lojban input into expressions of first order logic.

===22 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] Robin Lee Powell [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban/q5kpCvsxwHQ/xS3xfNtt7vwJ announces progress on the forthcoming update of "The Complete Lojban Language"], and asks for volunteers to help prepare it for print.

===20 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/lr-4oHGhKC4 bripre jikca 5]", the sixth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {bajra} ("to run") and it includes a text on that subject from niftg, a translation of XKCD animated and read by durka, and an eleatic footrace between mankant and the "dog". Submissions are requested by September 27 for the next episode (theme: {xutla} -- "smooth/silky/soft"), to be published October 4.

===5 September 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/70pHmLf7v9A bripre jikca 4]", the fifth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {kukte} ("delicious/delightful") and it includes texts on that subject from niftg, durka, tsani, mukti, and junpen, and a reading by selpa'i. Submissions are requested by September 13 for the next episode (theme: {bajra} -- "run"), to be published September 20.

===23 August 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/FUmUlysRviI bripre jikca 3]", the fourth episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {fagri} ("fire") and it includes submissions on that subject from stefan, niftg, mukti, junpen and durka. Submissions are requested by August 30 for the next episode (theme: {fagri} -- "fire"), to be published September 6.

===2 August 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[http://youtu.be/huRQ5-CObUs bripre jikca 2]", the third episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {litru} ("travel") and it includes submissions on that subject from keidji, tsani, niftg , and junpen, and a reading by selpa'i. Submissions are requested by August 16 for the next episode (theme: {fagri} -- "fire"), to be published August 23.

===20 July 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csCEYlGp0vQ bripre jikca 1]", the second episode of "[https://plus.google.com/116506829901617807564 bripre jikca]", is now available. The theme is {panci} ("smell") and it includes writings and translations on that subject from numerous jbopre. Submissions are requested by July 26 for the next episode (theme: {litru} -- "travel"), to be published August 2.

===5 July 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] guskant starts a new video podcast, "[https://vimeo.com/album/3148016 bripre jikca]". The theme of the first episode is {nicte} ("night"), and it includes a translation of the poem "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiet_Night_Thought Quiet Night Thought]" by Li Pai. Submissions are requested by July 12 for the next episode, theme {panci} ("smell"), to be published July 19

===5 April 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] danr [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/sGoK80yVNPI announces] the release of "[http://korp.alexburka.com/ korpora zei sisku]", a new corpus indexing and search system.

===5 March 2014===
[[nuzba/en#2014|-]] selpa'i releases his second original song, «[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLrmjRIMgAk lo mi jufra]»

=== 2013 ===

===24 December 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] selpa'i publishes [http://selpahi.de/oz_plain.html a translation of L. Frank Baum's "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz"].

===10 December 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] Slate's" Lexicon Alley" podcast features [http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/lexicon_valley/2013/12/lexicon_valley_lojban_is_an_invented_language_that_aims_to_be_supremely.html an interview with Arika Okrent about lojban].

===4 October 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] guskant releases a recording of «[https://vimeo.com/113351301 la tcungatcangas pe mu sofybakni zi'e noi xorlo je xorla]», a translation of the Russian song «Tcungatcangas», including original artwork

===7 June 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] guskant releases «[https://vimeo.com/113232481 ro roi za'u re'u ji'a]»

===3 June 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] selpa'i releases an original song, «[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZomVOBE5-0 ca pa djedi]»

===29 April 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] Masato Hagiwara releases [http://masatohagiwara.net/camxes.js camxes.js], a javascript port of the [http://users.digitalkingdom.org/~rlpowell/hobbies/lojban/grammar camxes PEG parser].

===19 April 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] lojbab and Nora are [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/OWqJt0hcMQY invited] to [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zg0pK-8zXA0 speak to the "Artificial Languages" class at the College of William and Mary].

===4-6 January 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] 25th anniversary LogFest is celebrated in Fairfax, VA.

===2 January 2013===
[[nuzba/en#2013|-]] [http://www.amazon.com/Transhumanist-Wager-Zoltan-Istvan-ebook/dp/B00AQQSY60 Zoltan Istvan's "Transhumanist Wager"], a science fiction novel which references lojban, is published.

=== 2012 ===

===29 December 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] timo presents [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdlGxgKt7nc a lightning talk about lojban] at the 29th Chaos Communication Congress, Hamburg, Germany.

===10 December 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] [http://ihmisentila.tumblr.com/ "Ihmisen tila - The Human Condition", an original play by Jyrki Pylväs] is premiered in Helsinki, Finland. It includes [http://ihmisentila.tumblr.com/post/35208355474/toinen-otto-ja-vahan-eri-meininki a monologue in lojban] translated by selpa'i.

===1 October 2012===
[[nuzba/en#1 October 2012|-]] Yoshikuni Jujo released [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/cakyrespa cakyrespa], run turtle like LOGO with Lojban.

===24 September 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] gleki [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/TIjuYKAIjqc%5B1-25-false%5D announces] the launch of the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/mw.lojban.org Lojbanic Mediawiki].

===17 September 2012===
[[nuzba/en#17 September 2012|-]] Yoshikuni Jujo released [https://hackage.haskell.org/package/lojysamban lojysamban], Prolog with Lojban.

===26 August 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] guskant releases [https://vimeo.com/113181181 la crisa ditcu] on YouTube.

===12 June 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] Robin Lee Powell, the full member of BPFK committee suggested the idea of a Lojban hackathon; that is, a time period strictly devoted to that sort of thing, ideally in person, but at least with real-time communication throughout. Currently Lojban comunity has a very long list of programming and programming-like (CLLv1.1) things that need to happen around here. Interested may write [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/lojban/SAlyiNkAvrw here].

===7 June 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] jbonunsla, the sometimes-annual social gathering for members of the Lojban community, will be held this year in the San Francisco Bay Area, in which many Lojbanists reside. It will be held primarily on Saturday, 7 July 2012 and Sunday, 8 July 2012. The gathering will take place in a shared hotel room in San Mateo: Read [https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!topic/lojban/KtHm8qDKniM details].

===24 February 2012===
[[nuzba/en#2012|-]] If you still like the feel of a book, you'll love this. An illustrated hard copy of the xorxes translation of 'Alice in Wonderland' is finally available. The book, 'lo selfri be la .alis. bei bu'u la selmacygu'e', can be found in the bookstore on the [http://www.blurb.com/bookstore/detail/3007193 Blurb] website. Blurb is one of the leading print-on-demand service providers in the USA.

=== 2011 ===

===22 August 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] The Lojban community's annual convention, [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla jbonunsla], happened over 4th of July weekend in San Mateo, California, USA. Lojbanists from all around the country convened to a single point to participate in conversation in Lojban, gaming in Lojban, and open floor activities. Pictures have been taken of the event and can be seen on the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2011 2011 jbonunsla page].

===23 June 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] The Lojban community's annual convention, [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest] (known in Lojban as [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla jbonunsla]), will be held on Saturday July 2 and Sunday July 3 at the [http://www.holidayinn.com/hotels/us/en/san-mateo/sfosm/hoteldetail/directions Holiday Inn] in San Mateo, California, USA. Experienced lojbanists who want to talk in Lojban, newbies who want to meet some of the key people in the community, and anybody who is just interested are all invited to attend what promises to be a mind-blowing experience. Attendees can travel easily from the following airports, in order of convenience: San Francisco International Airport, San Jose Airport, and Oakland International Airport. Locals with cars are available for pickup if necessary. For more information contact [mailto:rlpowell@digitalkingdom.org Robin Powell].

===3 June 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] Here is a well-presented [http://youtu.be/hO-F3OVWO4k update] on how language shapes "the most fundamental dimensions of human experiences: space, time, causality and relationships to others." [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojban+Introductory+Brochure Loglan], from which Lojban evolved, was originally designed to test this very idea. Although this has received diminished attention since that time, there appears to be a resurgence of interest in the scientific community.

===18 April 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] [http://courses.rice.edu/admweb/swkscat.main?p_action=COURSE&p_crn=16915&p_term=201210 "Introductory Lojban"] is a student-run one-credit course that will be offered at [http://www.rice.edu/ Rice University] in Houston, USA, starting August 23, 2011. The course length is 14 weeks, with each lesson lasting 1 hour. Registration is required for full participation. However, anyone is welcome to "sit in", but should contact the course presenter, Joe Anderson, beforehand. Each Rice-registered student will be provided with a copy of the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The+Complete+Lojban+Language Lojban Reference Manual]. By the end of the course, students should know the basic structure of Lojban and be able to converse in it readily. For more information, contact the course presenter, [mailto:jandew%2Blojban@gmail.com?subject=Lojban%20Course%20at%20Rice%20University Joe Anderson].

===12 April 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] An [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86&no_bl=y Arabic version of the home page] has been added to this web site. This is the last of the world's major languages (the six used for creating "gismu" - Lojban's root words) in which the home page of this site has been translated. In addition, the translation has been done for another eleven languages.

===5 March 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] March marks the first anniversary of the setting up of the Japanese-language Google Group [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-soudan%3Cbr%20/%3E "lojban-soudan"]. The group currently has about fifteen members. A lojban study group at Tokyo University is in the process of creating a [https://github.com/mhagiwara/cll-ja partial translation] of the Lojban Reference Manual (CLL). There is also a Lojban Club at Osaka University, [mailto:lamuk.lalojban.nelci@gmail.com one of whose members] is enhancing and updating the Japanese pages of this wiki.

===12 February 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] A [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/lojban+(fi)&no_bl=y Finnish version of the home page] has been added to this web site.

===5 February 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] A [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/lojban+(fr)&no_bl=y French-language home page] has been added to this website. Hopefully, this will draw more francophones across the world to Lojban. The home page is now available in 16 languages. More will be added in an effort to futher "internationalize" the lojban community.

===20 January 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] In an effort to broaden the appeal of Lojban in India, home pages in the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8&no_bl=y Hindi] and [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D&no_bl=y Kannada] languages have been added to this website. Hindi is one of two official languages of India and is spoken by close to 200M people worldwide. Kannada is the official language of the state of Karnataka which is the location of Bangalore and the centre of India's burgeoning IT industry.

===6 January 2011===
[[nuzba/en#2011|-]] All four Lojban Wave lessons have been translated into Polish and are available on [https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=12wcGRHA08yMlJoGPjFw1z4kQq-HNi0_dpGIJ2cu3VFM GoogleDocs]. Hopefully, this will spread the Word in Poland where there is already a small but vibrant Lojban community!

=== 2010 ===

===18 December 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Are you a newbie and ready for your first read? Are you more experienced and would like to take on the challenge of introducing your children to a story in Lojban? Either way, you'll want to take a look at a new translation by [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Remo Dentato] of [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=784 If I had a Pet Dinasaur] by Gil Robles. It's in full colour, nicely illustrated and a wonderful quick read!

===25 November 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Today, [mailto:janek37@gmail.com Jan Szejko] (ianek) gave a short presentation on Lojban to students at the renowned Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics of the University of Warsaw in Poland. Students from this faculty have twice won first place at the world finals of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_International_Collegiate_Programming_Contest ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest].

===18 November 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_map mind map] of [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=759 Lojban word types] has been made available on the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbo_cheat_sheet cheat sheet page] of this website. This should be a particularly useful learning aid for beginners with strong visual memory. Check out the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Learning Learning] page for more information on how to start learning Lojban.

===12 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The 2010 Annual Meeting of the Logical Language Group Inc. has closed. Bob LeChevalier (USA), Arnt Johansen (Norway) and Robin Powell (USA) were re-elected to the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/LLG%20Members Board]. They are joined by two new members: Timo Paulssen (Germany) and Veijo Vilva (Finland).

===6 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Yesterday Willem Larsen, one of the creators of the language fluency game "[http://whereareyourkeys.org/ Where are your Keys?], published a blog entry called "[http://whereareyourkeys.org/2010/10/05/the-playful-world-of-conlangs/ The Playful World of Conlangs]" to the "[http://whereareyourkeys.org/ Where are your Keys?] blog. Lojban is given special mention as one of the constructed languages which has a "Where are your Keys?" community.

===5 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Alan Post has announced that [http://lodockikumazvati.org/ "lo do ckiku ma zvati]("Where are your Keys?") can now be played by e-mail [http://whereareyourkeys.org/ "Where are your Keys?"] is a language fluency game that is quickly gaining in popularity among Lojban neophytes. In it's initial version, it was played interactively - requiring students to be available at the same time. The e-mail version will make it easier for students in different time zones to participate. If you are interested in playing, please [http://groups.google.com/group/lodockikumazvati join] the group.

===1 October 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Starting today, Polish lojbanists have their own mailing list [http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-pl/ lojban-pl]. The Polish group is currently deciding which Lojban resources to translate into Polish first. [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Marek Rogalski] is the contact. Poland is expected to be fertile ground for Lojban, having a great tradition in the field of constructed languages. Ludwik (Leyzer) Zamenhoff, the creator of Esperanto, was born in Bialystok in 1859.

===9 September 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] A new children's book [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=719 le lunra jo'u le mapku] is available. This is a translation by [mailto:rdentato@gmail.com Remo Dentato] of [http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/pratham-mooncap.pdf The Moon and the Cap], written in India. This full colour PDF-format book looks just like the original, and will be a great way to introduce your children to the joys of Lojban.

===12 August 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Leo Molas will give a presentation on Lojban at the upcoming [http://www.jornadasdelsur.org.ar/2010/ "Jornadas del Sur"] convention on Monday, August 16, in Bahia Blanca, Argentina. The subject of the convention, which lasts from Saturday, August 14 to Monday, August 16, is free software and free culture. Leo's presentation will cover: What is Lojban? History. Sapir-Whorf Hyphothesis. Why learn Lojban? Basic grammar. For more information, contact [mailto:leos.molas@gmail.com Leo].

===9 August 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The 2010 Annual Meeting of the Logical Language Group Inc, will commence on 21 August 2010 at approximately 1PM EDT, on the [http://lojban.org/lists/llg-members/ llg-members list]. The meeting will be conducted by email. Members should be checking their members list email at least daily. Non-members who may be interested in becoming formal members of LLG should also attend. Please read the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Bylaws+of+The+Logical+Language+Group%2C+Inc. bylaws] of the LLG in advance of the meeting, and perhaps a few of the minutes of prior meetings, so that you have some idea what membership is all about; the LLG typically accepts anyone who shows evidence of sufficient interest and awareness of what they are signing up for. To get access privileges to the llg-members list, non-members should contact LLG Secretary [mailto:rlpowell@digitalkingdom.org Robin Powell], preferably on [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojban%20IRC IRC Chat].

===25 July 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Starting July 27, 2010, Lojban enthusiasts in the San Francisco area of the USA will meet together at regular intervals each month to communicate in and about Lojban. The venue is the home of Stephen Weeks in Mountainview. The format and content of these meetings will be set during the first meetings. The seriously curious as well as experienced lojbanists are welcome. Contact [mailto:tene@allalone.org Stephen] if you are interested in particpating.

===19 July 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] A new milestone has been reached with the implementation of over 600 Lojban's structure words ('cmavo') on [http://smart.fm/ Smart.fm]. Now, the whole of Lojban's basic vocabulary of root words, their conversions and structure words can be studied using one of the most effective learning tools currently available. Smart.fm is an adaptive flashcard system that includes audio, advanced tracking features based on a unique learning algorithm, and provides an applet for the iPhone. To take a look, go to the site, type 'Lojban' in the Search box, sign-up and start learing!

===4 July 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Lojbanists [mailto:jjllambias@gmail.com Jorge Llambias] and [mailto:leos.molas@gmail.com Leo Molas] have proposed complete sets of Lojban words for all countries, languages and currencies, basing them on ISO codes. A systematic approach to the use of these codes has enabled a virtually automatic process for producing such words - one likely to work for future, as yet unspecified codes. The sets can be found at [http://bit.ly/bgB7PV http://bit.ly/bgB7PV], [http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq http://bit.ly/9Ma7Qq], [http://bit.ly/clUVtb http://bit.ly/clUVtb] and [http://bit.ly/c43ua5 http://bit.ly/c43ua5]. Lojban words derived from foreign words or external sources are known as 'fu'ivla'. The proposal is a solution to a problem that all constructed languages share. How do you go about efficiently translating tens of thousands of words that have evolved in natural languages over thousands of years within the constraints imposed by your own language rule?'.

===22 June 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] All of Lojban's approximately 1300 'gismu' (root-words), along with their 'rafsi' (short versions of the root-words) are now implemented in the [http://www.quizlet.com/ Quizlet] flashcard memorization website. Grouped alphabetically in 28 sets, they bring the total of Lojban word sets to 169. This huge selection of sets, grouped in so many different ways, significantly facilitates vocabulary learning. By comparison, Esperanto has 274 sets, Interlingua 22, Toki Pona 22, Ido 18, Klingon 10.

===7 May 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest 2010] took place from April 30 - May 2 at [http://www.penguicon.org/ PenguiCon] 2010 in Troy, Michigan, and was a great success. Nine serious Lojbanists attended, and we attracted 3 or 4 newbies. Courtesy of Axis, here is a picture of most of the attendees, and a couple of newbies, attending a lesson.

===3 May 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The popular children's story book [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The%20Berenstain%20Bears%20Get%20in%20a%20Fight The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight] has been translated into Lojban by Andrew Piekarski and reviewed by Michael Turiansky. It can be listened to (download [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=710&page=Multimedia&download=y totus reads The Berenstain Bears Get in a Fight]) as well as read. For devotees of exotic scripts, a Tengwar version is available (download [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=706&page=Tengwar&download=y 'lo la BERenstain. cribe co'a simda'a' written in Tengwar]). Michael Turiansky did the first translation of one of the Berenstain Bears series - [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The%20Berenstain%20Bears%20and%20the%20Prize%20Pumpkin The Berenstain Bears and the Prize Pumpkin].

===4 Apr 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The Lojban community's annual convention, [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest] (known in Lojban as [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla jbonunsla]), will be held during April 30 - May 2 this year at [http://www.penguicon.org/ Penguicon 2010] in Troy, Michigan in the USA. Experienced lojbanists who want to talk in Lojban, newbies who want to meet some of the key people in the community, and anybody who is just interested are all invited to attend what promises to be a mind-blowing experience. For more information contact [mailto:matt.mattarn@gmail.com Matt Arnold].

===23 Mar 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] The first stage of implementing Lojban vocabulary on [http://smart.fm/ Smart.fm] has been completed. All 1300 of Lojban's root words ('gismu') can now be studied along with some 3,500 derived words ('gismu sumti'). These are organized into 'lessons', three of which are now ready. Additional lessons for learning over 600 structure words ('cmavo') are now in development. Smart.fm is an adaptive flashcard learning tool that includes audio, advanced tracking features based on a unique learning algorithm, and provides an applet for the iPhone. To take a look, go to the site, type 'Lojban' in the Search box, sign-up and start learing!

===10 Mar 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Students at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland have started a Lojban Society. Hosting weekly meetings in a local pub, the group has 12 members after its first month. The group is to provide a social environment for people sharing an interest in Lojban and, in the future, act as a resource for Lojban-related projects at the University. Certainly repeatable at any university (or anywhere for that matter!). To find out more, contact [mailto:lojban@st-andrews.ac.uk lojban@st-andrews.ac.uk].

===2 Mar 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] [http://whereareyourkeys.org/ "Where are your Keys?"] is a language fluency game that rapidly builds fluency in a language by making the techniques used to teach language transparent to the student so they can be used for self-directed learning. A "Where are your Keys?" website focused specifically toward learning Lojban is now online: [http://lodockikumazvati.org/ "lo do ckiku ma zvati"]. Come and play "lo do ckiku ma zvati!" Contact [mailto:alyn.post@lodockikumazvati.org Alan Post] for more information.

===19 Feb 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] An invitation has been made by an author on [http://forum.spore.com/jforum/posts/list/51236.page The Sporum], the official Spore forum, for a discussion about Lojban. If you have an opinion to share with others, go for it! Spore is a popular multi-genre single-player metaverse god game published by Electronic Arts. The forum has a Science and Spore section for participants who are science buffs.

===3 Feb 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Work has started on making Smart.fm available to students of Lojban vocabulary. At its core, [http://smart.fm/Smart.fm Smart.fm] is an adaptive flashcard learning tool but with audio and advanced tracking features. A review can be found [http://www.freetech4teachers.com/2009/11/smartfm-independent-learning-platform.html here]. Beginners will find learning lojban vocabulary using Smart.fm fun and fast! If you already have a basic knowledge of lojban pronunciation and know how gismu work, and would like to contribute to this project, contact [mailto:eyeonus@gmail.com Jon "Top Hat" Jones].

===5 Jan 2010===
[[nuzba/en#2010|-]] Today, BBC Radio 4 aired another episode of its Word of Mouth program. Lojban was discussed along with Esperanto, Láadan and Klingon. To listen to it, download [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=677&page=Multimedia&download=y BBC program on constructed languages.]

=== 2009 ===

===30 Nov 2009===
[[nuzba/en#2009|-]] [http://www.amazon.com/gp/offer-listing/0966028309?seller=A2STSAFJP9WB2P The Complete Lojban Language] by John Woldemar Cowan is now available to buy from Amazon.com, and just in time for the holiday season. Treat yourself or someone special!

===1 Aug 2009===
[[nuzba/en#2009|-]] [http://www.jbotcan.org/ jbotcan], the lojbanic channel, is back up. It features anonymous imageboards, an rss feed that collects news from all over and more goodies! Be sure to check it out!

=== 2007 ===

===14 May 2007===
[[nuzba/en#2007|-]] Today, Timo and Cizra released their animation short '''lai citno melbi pinpedi'''. You can [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1710885982433758647 watch it on Google Video now]! If that title sounds familiar, you may have seen [http://perpetuum-immobile.de/komo.png this comic strip] before. In other news, the same Timo has been busy creating Jbobac, a Lojbanic audio board that anyone can post to. Just point your browser to [http://jbobac.lojban.org/ http://jbobac.lojban.org/], and join the action!

=== 2006 ===

===1 December 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://xkcd.com/c191.html Welcome, xkcd readers]! Join some [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojbanic+Forums Lojbanic Forums]. The Lojban-speaking community loves xkcd, so getting xkcd'ed is as good as getting Slashdotted, Dugg or Farked. The author of xkcd is expressing a sentiment similar to Groucho Marx's statement, "I don't care to belong to a club that accepts people like me as members." [[File:icon_smile.gif|:-)]] We can definitely laugh at ourselves, and exposure to xkcd's target audience (math, linguistics, and sarcasm) will probably result in at least one more participant in our hobby.

===27 October 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] ''Today'' I'm going to send in the Lojban group registration for Philcon. Email me your name and address and PayPal your registration now. I mean right now!

===20 October 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] Only ''one week left'' to get in on the Lojban group's discount rate to register for [http://www.philcon.org/ Philcon] in Philadelphia, the science fiction convention where the annual Lojban Festival will be held on November 17 through 19. See [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] for details, including our stellar Lojbanic guest list and schedule of events. We now have two rooms to put you up in if your expenses are tight. You can still register after we send in the group registration, but it will cost more. It might be the most fun Lojbanic meeting ever. I'm serious, now is the time to get in on this! -Eppcott

===03 October 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://community.livejournal.com/lojban The Lojban community blog on Livejournal] is now embedded on [http://www.lojban.org/ the Lojban homepage], as part of the plan discussed in[http://community.livejournal.com/lojban/8245.html Friday's entry]. Prepare for a digest of all the Lojbanic goodness the web has to offer! You don't have to have a [http://www.livejournal.com/ Livejournal account] to subscribe to [http://community.livejournal.com/lojban/data/atom the web feed]. You do need an LJ account to post, but if you don't want to get an LJ account you can just send your contribution to [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Matt+Arnold Matt Arnold] who will post it to the blog for you.

===12 September 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] Lojban was mentioned in [http://online.wsj.com/google_login.html?url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB115802923001560290.html%3Fmod%3Dgooglenews_wsj an article in the Wall Street Journal], "How Hartmut Pilch, Avid Computer Geek, Bested Microsoft", by Mary Jacoby. The free sample text made available online reads as follows:

<div>BRUSSELS — A proposal here to create a new European patents court has the support of Microsoft Corp., Siemens AG and many other giants of Western industry. But can it survive an attack from Hartmut Pilch?

A 43-year-old linguist from Munich, Mr. Pilch speaks Chinese, Japanese and an artificial language called Lojban intended to eliminate ambiguity and promoted by some programmers. He is the unlikely leader of a movement of self-styled computer geeks out to sink a patents plan they say would stifle software programmers.

"Patents on software mean any programmer can be sued at any time," says Mr. Pilch, ...</div>

===28 August 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] The next Lojban Fest for 2006 will be held at [http://www.philcon.org/ Philcon] in Philadelphia, November 17 through 19, 2006. Check out the page[http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] for the schedule and attendees so far, as well as registration details. Newcomers are especially welcome to join us! Keep checking the schedule as we continue to work with the [http://www.kli.org/ Klingon Language Institute] about the possibility of collaborative content between Lojban and Klingon at Philcon!

===20 July 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] Have you visited the land where Lojban is spoken? It's called [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj], meaning "computerized imaginary universe". It's a text-based world on the internet, where you can operate a character using commands in either English or Lojban: the online software is bilingual. Lojban is like the language of magic in [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj]--speaking it can bring objects into existence and give them form and function. You don't even need a plane ticket. Just [http://teddyb.org/cgi-bin/moo_ssh.html click here] and use the password "moo" to log in as a guest until you have your own account. Commands are typed in the bottom-most part of the window. Guest accounts are limited to using English, so type the "register" command to get your own account. It's totally free. More information, including other ways to access samxarmuj, is available at the wiki page about [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/The+Lojban+MOO The Lojban MOO]. Intense labor on the part of many skilled programmers in our community has brought forth one of the most exciting venues in which to use Lojban that this language has ever had. Today, the software leaves Beta. It is with bated breath that we launch this massively multiplayer system and declare it ready for the public. But now we need to massively populate it. We are currently summoning new mages of every skill level. Come build your own part of the land. Although you do not have to speak Lojban to adventure in the land as it forms out of the nothingness around us, all spells must be cast in correct Lojban. Whatever power hears our descriptions of [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj], and turns them into reality, will respond to no other language. This land also welcome tourists with no skill in Lojban at all. Feel free to ask us any question about how to use the system. With enough interest, we may even be able to establish the Lojbanic equivalent of a Hogwarts academy for novice Lojban magicians! Who knows? Welcome to [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/samxarmuj samxarmuj]! Go native!

===4 May 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] was held at [http://www.penguicon.org/ Penguicon] in Michigan, April 21-23 2006. Next up for [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006] will be [http://www.philcon.org/2006/ Philcon 2006] in November!

===24 Mar 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla+2006 jbonunsla 2006], a celebration of the Logical Language, will be held at the science fiction convention and open source software expo [http://www.penguicon.org/ Penguicon] in Michigan, April 21-23 2006. This does not exclude others hosting LogFests of their own in 2006.

===4 Jan 2006===
[[nuzba/en#2006|-]] [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/jbonunsla Logfest] was held at PhilCon in Philadelphia from December 9th to December 11th. It was a quite successful event, despite a turnout that was a bit lower than expected. More details in the page about [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Logfest+2005 Logfest 2005].

=== 2005 ===

===13 Nov 2005===
[[nuzba/en#2005|-]] As the Secretary, I apologize for the lateness of this announcement, but I only got full confirmation 10 days ago myself. [http://www.philcon.org/2005/ Philcon - The Philadelphia Conference of Science Fiction and Fantasy] has agreed to have a room set aside for LogFest 2005! Philcon 2005 is being held at the Philadelphia Marriott Downtown on December 9th-11th, 2005. That's '''IN 26 DAYS'''! I know that's really, really short notice, but if we can get enough people to show up, they'll do it for us next year too, and hopefully that relationship will continue far into the future. People showing up for LogFest '''will''' have to buy PhilCon memberships. Please let me know if that, or any other aspect of these arrangements, provides an unacceptable financial burden to you. I, and others, are willing to help put up some money for active Lojbanists who want to come. We don't know how big the room is going to be yet, but I've told them we expect about 10 people.

===5 Sep 2005===
[[nuzba/en#2005|-]] ''Complete site overhaul!'' Most of the lojban.org content has been moved from a set of static HTML pages to a [http://www.tikiwiki.org/ TikiWiki] content management system. The number of changes caused by this are too long to list. In addition, the [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/LLG+2004+Annual+Meeting+Minutes LLG 2004 Annual Meeting Minutes] have been posted.

=== 2004 ===

===2 May 2004===
[[nuzba/en#2004|-]] A variety of minor bug fixes were done on the site, as well as some more major items. The front page was returned to CSS, XHTML and Bobby Level 3 compliance. The problem with clicking on one of the maps causing the maps to stop functioning was fixed. A couple of one-sheet brochures were added to [http://www.lojban.org/publications/brochures.html the brochures page]. The 25 November 2002 Board Meeting minutes were added. The 2003 annual meeting minutes were added.

=== 2003 ===

===10 September 2003===
[[nuzba/en#2003|-]] What is Lojban? is now available for purchase! The lojban.org site is now available, at least partially, in a variety of different languages. The vast majority of the site has been marked up in a way to make easy translation possible, but not all of the actual translation has been done. If you want to help, please contact the webmaster. Also, there is now a web-based IRC client available on the Forums page. The French and Spanish Lojban lists are now available. A Lojbanic translation program has been installed.

===11 May 2003===
[[nuzba/en#2003|-]] Some bylaw changes from 1992 were incorporated. Split off of Old Projects into a seperate page, many changes (mostly minor) to the projects and committees pages. Markup changes all over the place. The full changes list can be found at [http://www.lojban.org/cgi-bin/aegis.cgi?file@chan_menu+project@lojban-web+change@144 the Aegis change page for change number 144].

===7 April 2003===
[[nuzba/en#2003|-]] This is the first site update in a long time, and as such it's a big one. The site now has [http://www.bestpractical.com/rt/ Request Tracker] set up, and that is being used to manage necessary changes. The Level 0 book was added to the main site, a Helping Lojban page, a Help page, and a Feedback page were all added, and jbovlaste and Request Tracker were both linked in.

=== 2002 ===

===30 December 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] An IRC logging system has been set up. See [http://www.lojban.org/resources/forums.html the Lojbanic Forums page]. Also, many pages have been edited to point to wiki.lojban.org as the official wiki site, which will continue to be the right place even if someone else takes it over.

===28 November 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] The new [[Official Baseline Statement (2002/2003)|Baseline Statement]], from the LLG has been posted.

===14 November 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] Addition to the [http://www.lojban.org/llg/projects.html Official Projects Page], minor fixes and updates.

===24 October 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] A [http://www.lojban.org/resources/promotional.html Promotional Materials] page has been created. Also, I've made a [http://www.lojban.org//cgi-bin/twiki/view/Files/ Community Files Area], which is a TWiki (a web-based colloborative space).

===21 October 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] The [http://www.lojban.org/resources/faq.html Lojban FAQ] has been updated and moved and revamped and such. .uisai Thanks go to [http://www.lojban.org/mailto:daltonG@digitalkingdom.org Dalton Graham] for doing most of the work.

===23 September 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] There has been a major revamp of the Resources section. It has a lot more information in it now.

===18 September 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] The old minutes of the LLG have been posted, thanks to [http://www.miranda.org/~jkominek/ Jay Kominek]. He also html formatted the bylaws. See [http://www.lojban.org/publications.html the LLG publications page]. The [http://www.lojban.org/llg/projects.html official LLG Projects] page has been constructed. Please submit anything you are working on! An [http://www.lojban.org/llg/committees.html official LLG Committees] page has also been added. An interactive story has been added; see [http://www.lojban.org/texts/original.html the original lojbanic texts page].

===9 August 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] As may be obvious, I just made some drastic changes to the layout of the site. Please let me ([http://www.lojban.org/mailto:webmaster@lojban.org webmaster@lojban.org]) know what you think!

===23 July 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] LogFest, the annual gathering of lojbanists, is this coming weekend. Also, the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Members of the LLG will be held on Sunday, July 28th (during LogFest). The 2002 Annual Meeting of the Members of the LLG will be held at 1030AM EDT on Sunday July 28, 2002 at lojbab's house, 2904 Beau Lane, Fairfax VA 22031 USA. There being insufficient notice as required, no bylaw changes can be considered. LogFest mostly consists of a bunch of people hanging out at lojbab's house, talking in and about lojban. The annual meeting always occurs during LogFest.

===1 July 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] There was a major (several day) downtime of this site, due to bad RAM, which in turn caused file system corruption. The problem has been solved, and this machine now has a new, larger hard drive, as well as a completely new operating system (NetBSD 1.5.2). In addition, since the last update this machine has gotten a much faster processor and been moved into a co-location facility with a connection to the internet that is close to 300Mb/s.

===2 May 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] Minor website updates have been made. In particular, the contents of the Learning Lojban sections have been slightly improved, and many relative links have been fixed.

===18 April 2002===
[[nuzba/en#2002|-]] Amazing news! The first draft of the Alice In Wonderland translation appears to be complete. The only things missing are a couple of the chapter titles and one stanza of a poem, as of this writing. Please go take a look in the Translations section!

=== Older News ===

* [http://www.lojban.org/oldnews/26May2000.html 26 May 2000]
* [[Lojban timeline]]
</noinclude>

User:Cirko/lo tcekitau pe mi

2020-11-23T12:33:53Z

Cirko: jmina zo ki'i'i

(to ie so'i mei toi)
----
* '''ce''' «ce'u»
* '''ki''' «ke'a» ['''ke'a''' «ki», '''ki'i'i''' «ki»]
* '''tau''' «tu'a» ['''tu'a''' «tau»]
----
* '''su''' «su'oi»
* '''rai''' «ro'oi»
* '''nei''' «su'oi nai» «no'oi»
:[to na birti .i menre je nai mintu lo jai se zukpei toi]
----
* '''joi''' «jo'u»
* '''loi''' «lo'e»
* '''lai''' «la'au»
* '''lau''' «la'e di'u»
----
* '''po''' «xu'u»
* '''kai''' «ku'au»
* '''voi''' «poi'i»
* '''soi''' «so'oi»
----
* '''ba'i''' «se ba'i»
* '''pi'o''' «se pi'o»
* '''xau''' «se va'u»
* '''zai''' «bu'u»
* '''zu'e''' «te zu'e»
----
* '''zau''' «zo'u»
* '''cau''' «fai'i»
----
* '''pai''' «pau»
* '''pau''' «poi'a»
* '''pau'a''' «poi'o'a»
* '''nau''' «noi'a»
* '''nau'a''' «noi'o'a»
* '''sau''' «soi'a»
----

cmacmarafsi

2020-11-10T16:45:09Z

Cirko: /* ni'o lo rafsi se stidi */ zo jdika zo zenba

lo'e '''cmacmarafsi''' cu rafsi gi'e pormei li re gi'e se tarmi lo'e zunsna ce'o lo'e na'e diftogo je karsna .i na'o pilno lo'e cmacmarafsi tai tu'a zoi ba. '''gism'''y'''ra''' .ba. noi zo '''gismy''' ne ke'a cu brarafsi su'o gismu je noi zo '''ra''' ne ke'a cu cmacmarafsi

== ni'o lo mukti ==
.i mukti lo nu pilno lo'e cmacmarafsi kei fa lo nu so'i gismu poi cafne fa lo nu ke'a pormoi li ro lo'e ve jvajvo cu poi'i no rafsi be ke'a cu ge slakymei li pa gi poi'i fladra fa lo nu ke'a porfa'o lo'e valsi .i mu'a zo '''binxo''' cu poi'i ge lo cmarafsi be ke'a be'o po'u ra'oi .'''bi'o'''. cu reldu'i ke'a lo ka slakymei, gi lo cmarafsi be ke'a be'o po'u ra'oi .'''bix'''. na ka'e porfa'o su'o valsi .i mu'i ku de'i li ny. ji'i 2013 [[User:Selpahi|la selpa'i]] cu stidi lo du'u co'a rafsi nu'i mu'a zo '''binxo''' fa ra'oi '''.bi.'''

== ni'o lo vlaturge'a srana ==
.i ma vanbi lo nu ka'e pilno lo'e cmacmarafsi, sei la'a do retpei .i [[User:Cirko|mi]] ca stidi no satci pe la'e di'u .i pu ku mi ciskyfi'i [[informal description of the PEG morphology algorithm/condensed|su'o prosa poi va'o tu'a ke'a su'o javni zo'u stidi tu'a ri]] .i ku'i ralju lo'e noi za'u mei ku'o tcini be lo nu pilno lo'e cmacmarafsi kei fa lo nu ge ri porfa'o gi lo'e pa brarafsi cu porkra .i brijunfrili fa lo ka ka'e ta'i ce'u zanru fa lo'e gentufa lo bi'u nai tcini

== ni'o lo rafsi se stidi ==
.i di'e zo'u lo zunle ce'o lo pritu cu porkifa'u lo ka pu'i ku ga'a mi su'o da stidi lo du'u ce'u ce'u rafsi .i .e'e do jmina lo srana be lo poi'i do jinvi lo du'u ke'a .inda lo ka su'o da ke'a cmacmarafsi

{| class="wikitable"
| ba || balvi
|-
| bi || binxo
|-
| ca || cabna
|-
| di || jdika
|-
| du || dunli
|-
| ja || selja'e
|-
| ji || seljibri
|-
| ma || marji / zilzba / selkra
|-
| me || mleca
|-
| ra || srana / ckini
|-
| ri || rinka
|-
| sa || kansa
|-
| se || sefsi
|-
| si || simxu
|-
| to || toltce
|-
| ze || zenba
|-
| zu || zukte
|}

== ni'o lo poi'i da'i ke'a ji'a do cinri ==
* .i [[Morphology proposals|ti noi liste su'oi se stidi pe lo vlaturge'a]]

User:Cirko/lo tcekitau pe mi

2020-11-05T13:12:56Z

Cirko: Created page with "(to ie so'i mei toi) ---- * '''ce''' «ce'u» * '''ki''' «ke'a» ['''ke'a''' «ki»] * '''tau''' «tu'a» ['''tu'a''' «tau»] ---- * '''su''' «su'oi» * '''rai''' «ro'oi»..."

(to ie so'i mei toi)
----
* '''ce''' «ce'u»
* '''ki''' «ke'a» ['''ke'a''' «ki»]
* '''tau''' «tu'a» ['''tu'a''' «tau»]
----
* '''su''' «su'oi»
* '''rai''' «ro'oi»
* '''nei''' «su'oi nai» «no'oi»
:[to na birti .i menre je nai mintu lo jai se zukpei toi]
----
* '''joi''' «jo'u»
* '''loi''' «lo'e»
* '''lai''' «la'au»
* '''lau''' «la'e di'u»
----
* '''po''' «xu'u»
* '''kai''' «ku'au»
* '''voi''' «poi'i»
* '''soi''' «so'oi»
----
* '''ba'i''' «se ba'i»
* '''pi'o''' «se pi'o»
* '''xau''' «se va'u»
* '''zai''' «bu'u»
* '''zu'e''' «te zu'e»
----
* '''zau''' «zo'u»
* '''cau''' «fai'i»
----
* '''pai''' «pau»
* '''pau''' «poi'a»
* '''pau'a''' «poi'o'a»
* '''nau''' «noi'a»
* '''nau'a''' «noi'o'a»
* '''sau''' «soi'a»
----

Morphology proposals

2020-10-26T11:26:20Z

Cirko: /* CV-shaped rafsi */

This is a grab bag of changes to the
[[BPFK Section: Formal Morphology|morphology]] grammar that people have
considered over the years. Unless noted otherwise, [[BPFK]]'s working
morphology, as implemented by
[http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes.html ilmentufa], is used as a
baseline for describing the proposals. See also
[[Talk:controversial points in the morphology|this discussion]] from when the
BPFK morphology was first being developed.

== CyC syllables as alternative or replacement for consonantal syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others. Rationale: some speakers find
syllabic consonants difficult to pronounce or to distinguish from -yC-
sequences.

xorxes's [[zasni gerna cenba vreji#syllabic consonants|original proposal]] was
to allow these syllables only for [[type 3 fu'ivla]] hyphens; more recent
variants have no such restriction.

'''Newly grammatical''': sin'''cyr'''boua, sip'''nyb'''zu

brivla_head = !cmavo !slinkuhi !h &syllable unstressed_syllable*
# Change y to y_hyphen in every y-rafsi rule
y_hyphen = y &onset
stress = (consonant / glide)* h? y? coda? syllable pause
consonantal_syllable = onset y coda / consonant &syllabic coda

'''In the wild'''

{{irci|len=10|durka|suf=(2008)|xu cirla '''cidjrbyrga'''}}
{{irci|len=10|jukni|suf=(2010)|lo '''juknynba''' cu mutce kukte}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i do co'e ca lo '''xo'yldei'''}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2014)|pe'i lo '''saltyrkaisara''' mi cnino .i ca lo cabdei mi citka lo salta be lo laktuka jo'u lo tamca jo'u lo clazme .i no'e cinri .i ku'i mi na pante}}
{{irci|len=10|lablanu|suf=(2015)|mi ca '''gugylsisku''' .i mi na facki no da}}
{{irci|len=10|Amnadya|suf=(2015)|.i so'o '''gernyrkasu''' cu srana zo ca}}
{{irci|len=10|fegmese|suf=(2016)|ti'e zmadu so'a drata '''linyksu''' lo ka lo pilno be ce'u cu nitcu lo ka kurji ... ri xu}}

== Removing or simplifying the slinkuhi rules ==

Proposed by many and made official in TLI [[Loglan]]. Rationale is that
[[slinku'i]] in its current form makes the morphology unnecessarily hard to learn
and use in fluent speech. Also often part of calls to
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi do away with assigned rafsi],
since slinkuhi exists to favour words made of those.

=== Killing .oisai'yvla (brivla rafsi merger) ===

The least radical of the slinku'i proposals. '''sai'yvla''' would become a
valid word, removing the only instance where a string beginning with a single
consonant can be a slinku'i.

'''Newly grammatical''': sai'yvla

'''No longer grammatical''': .oisai'yvla (would parse as two words)

initial_rafsi = !slihykru extended_rafsi / y_rafsi / !any_fuhivla_rafsi y_less_rafsi !any_fuhivla_rafsi
any_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla / fuhivla_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_extended_rafsi = stressed_hy_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
extended_rafsi = hy_rafsi / fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla_head stressed_syllable consonantal_syllable* onset y
fuhivla_rafsi = &unstressed_syllable fuhivla_head onset y h?
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) h y onset
hy_rafsi = (long_rafsi unstressed_vowel / CCV_rafsi / CVV_rafsi) h y h?

=== slinku'i only on word-final or -'y short rafsi ===

This is what Loglan has implemented, and what Lojbanists usually mean by
"getting rid of slinku'i". '''sporte''' would become a valid word, but not
'''sli'a''', so that CVV and CV'V rafsi behave identically with regards to
hyphen requirements. Some also propose that sequences like '''dja'y-''' remain
as slinku'i so that brivla rafsi like '''-uidja'y-''' stay valid.

'''Newly grammatical''': sporte zdanco'o klesnai krinju

'''No longer grammatical''': .esporte .adjunte .asfalte bavlamdei faglitki .islenska lojbangirzu

slinkuhi = consonant CVV_final_rafsi
# Plus the changes above and optionally removal of the slihykru rule

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|mi nelci lo lenku '''djarpitsa'''}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i bazibo lo '''cridrimpe''' cu renro lo bolci be lo fagri mi}}
{{irci|len=10|latros|suf=(2011)|.i ro da poi ke'a '''cmacrordra''' zo'u ro de zo'u de me'au da de}}
{{irci|len=10|klaku|suf=(2012)|ko kibrolinki '''plokso'''}}
{{irci|len=10|danr|suf=(2014)|.i mi '''ckaklyzu'e''' mu'i lo nu tatpi ru'e .i ku'i za'u re'u casnu cu'e}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|lo nu da'i la datnymu'e remna cu simsa lo drata '''brotkaste''' pe BBC cu se cumki lo nu lo vreji be lo nu la .robin. cu fonxa tavla cu nenri lo '''brotkaste''' vau :P}}
{{irci|len=10|emna|suf=(2015)|no'i xu do jinvi co '''jbofnu''' mapti co selcme zo .emna}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2015)|ie i xu do ba favgau lo '''frontende'''}}
{{irci|len=10|omni___|suf=(2015)|lo ka sruri na '''dzistribu''' .i lo du'u lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule na nibli lo du'u ro lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule}}
{{irci|len=10|clakre|suf=(2016)|mi na se cmene zo '''clarke''' .i ku'i se cmene zo clakre}}
{{irci|len=10|uakci|suf=(2016)|.i je lo nu tai zukte cu se jalge lo nu do'e lo cmalu '''skrine''' cu za'u to zmadu lo na se me'oi br toi mei co linji}}
{{irci|len=10|la_aLEKsolas|suf=(2017)|ju'opei lo '''tsaibaklo''' lo vajraifla cu citka}}

=== No slinku'i at all ===

Under this option, '''vla'i''' would become a word and the lujvo for
'''balvi''' + '''lamji''' would come out as '''bavyla'i'''.

=== Transitional dialects ===

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] and others propose ways for slinku'i-ful and
slinku'i-less dialects to share the same lexicon. slinku'i-ful dialects could
import what they see as slinku'i by prepending a glottal stop. Relative to the
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|lujvo-zi'evla merger]]
proposal below:

brivla = !cmavo brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
post_word = pause / !nucleus !slinkuhi lojban_word

slinku'i-less dialects could keep words that used to depend on slinku'i glue
together using an [[#Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo|extended CVCy-lujvo rule]].

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2017)|sei ca lo nu viska zo ckt cu pensi be '''lo. tcuktci''' bangu}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pu lo nu casnu cu pensi zo temkracabdu'i .i lo nu na birti pu mukti lo '''nu. pretsku'''}}

== Forbidding certain initial clusters ==

[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] proposes to remove all consonant triples as well as
'''ml-''' and '''mr-''' as initial clusters. Rationale is that [[jvajvo|regular prefixes]]
such as '''kam-''' would be less likely to cause [[tosmabru]], and that some
existing words (notably of CVCCCVCV shape) would be preserved
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|if slinku'i were to be abolished]].

Eight gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|mlana}} {{jvs|mlatu}}
{{jvs|mleca}} {{jvs|mledi}} {{jvs|mluni}} {{jvs|mraji}} {{jvs|mrilu}}
{{jvs|mruli}}.

Some other words no longer grammatical: citmle mlatejami mlongena mlumitu mri'au skripto skrolbake spranto strelka stribilo

onset = h / glide / !(consonant consonant consonant) initial
other <- p / t !l / k / f / x / b / d !l / g / v / m !liquid / n !liquid

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|su'a mi na'o nelci lo danlu .i lo '''maltu''' jo'a (to .u'i pei toi) cu mupli}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi nelci lo '''malna''' si frikative}}
{{irci|len=10|jelca|suf=(2017)|.i melbi fa lo tarci '''maltu'''}}

== Forbidding certain clusters altogether ==

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] proposes to forbid clusters '''md''', '''mt''',
'''nb''', '''np''', which are prone to assimilation.

27 gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|canpa}} {{jvs|cenba}}
{{jvs|cimde}} {{jvs|cinba}} {{jvs|denpa}} {{jvs|famti}} {{jvs|femti}}
{{jvs|finpe}} {{jvs|janbe}} {{jvs|jimte}} {{jvs|kanba}} {{jvs|kumte}}
{{jvs|lanbi}} {{jvs|lunbe}} {{jvs|mamta}} {{jvs|nanba}} {{jvs|panpi}}
{{jvs|penbi}} {{jvs|semto}} {{jvs|senpi}} {{jvs|sumti}} {{jvs|tanbo}}
{{jvs|tinbe}} {{jvs|tunba}} {{jvs|vamtu}} {{jvs|vanbi}} {{jvs|zenba}}

Some other words no longer grammatical: bavlamdei cinpa'i donpre kinpau menbi'a prulamdei runbau samda'o vimku'a

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|timthelion_|suf=(2006)|do jinga lo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|ta'o mi ro roi cusku zo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|codrus|suf=(2009)|.i mi citka lo grute titnamba}}

== Allowing some new medial clusters ==

Calls to make '''mz''' a valid cluster have always been commonplace.
[[User:Lalxu|la lalxu]] also proposes to allow '''n''' plus affricate clusters.

m <- comma* [mM] !h !glide !m
n <- comma* [nN] !h !glide !n

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|rlpowell|suf=(2005)|je'e .i ca lo mergu'e so'a mi'a salci lo '''bavlamzeldei''' po'o}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|mi badri lo nu do na '''samzva'''}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|.i ua la .randol.'''xolmz'''. noi loglo jatna cu ba'o se micka'a}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|lo '''larkamzi'e''' cu krali ro larfi'i}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi ca'o tcidu fi tau lo .itku'ile genkasu noi ba'u '''memzma''' la pa no no mei}}
{{irci|len=10|mungojelly|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi '''mumblenomzvati''' ca doi ro do}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.oi se'i mi za'u re'u xaksu lo '''temze'u''' si ze'u zei temci fau lo nu da'arta'a co palcau}}
{{irci|len=10|bongnanba|suf=(2016)|.i mu'a sei jijnu ti noi tabypinsi je pavmei jo'u ti noi penbi je pavmei va'o lo nu mi co'a ponse su drata pinsi cu na '''memze'a'''}}

== Adding a new diphthong ==

This is often part of proposals to add new series of cmavo, so that they can
both stay short and fit into the existing initial consonant patterns.
[[User:Spheniscine|la zipcpi]] has proposed '''[[Eulojban|eu]]''',
[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] '''ui''' [uj].

== -y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger) ==

Proposed by many over the years, especially together with
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi removal of assigned rafsi].
Usually implemented by removing any detection of rafsi that isn't related to
slinku'i. slinku'i itself only applies at the beginning of a word, not after
hyphens.

BRIVLA = brivla
brivla = !cmavo !slinkuhi !slihykru !h brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
brivla_head = &syllable (unstressed_syllable / medial_syllable)*
brivla_core = stressed_syllable medial_syllable* final_syllable
medial_syllable = &(onset !vowel !diphthong) any_syllable
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) (h / initial_pair) y onset
rafsi_string = y_less_rafsi* (gismu / CVV_final_rafsi / stressed_y_less_rafsi short_final_rafsi / y_rafsi / stressed_y_rafsi / hy_rafsi / stressed_hy_rafsi))

For a slinku'i-less variant, change rafsi_string to the one
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|shown here]] and remove
initial_pair from slihykru.

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|kamsen|suf=(2007)|lo '''tavlrgedyflai''' be le lojbo cecmu}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i ki'u bo la anar dasni lo nukni se dasni be lo '''prenrpairyto'''}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i ji'asa'e '''mibykemymo'ydji'''}}
{{irci|len=10|zahlman|suf=(2012)|u'i pe'i lonu '''nanbrdonyto''' bevri cu no'e nu jarco loka tsali}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2014)|lo'e '''banfyracolotli''' cu nelci lo ka citka lo me'oi fpcalep vau sei mi pu reisku}}
{{irci|len=10|mukti|suf=(2014)|na nitcu lo cnino '''bauplyfuzykamni''' .i na manku .i lo jbopre cu lazni lo ka viska}}
{{irci|len=10|akmnlrse|suf=(2015)|.i mo .i la'a ca '''sipnybi''' gi'e ba ke fau gi '''ciknybi''' gi di'a gunrizu}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|.i .au pei mi '''merdjygau'''}}
{{irci|len=10|durka42|suf=(2015)|'''plisyta'oi''' je tcati}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|mi pu zu pensi lo nu zo sfataba da'i valsi lo si'o za'e '''xorsyflai'''}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pe'i lo nu '''zi'evlygau''' tai tu'a di'u cu ji'i no roi xagzenri'a}}

== Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo ==

Proposed by [[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] and others. One of two ways to remove
this last bit of privilege given to traditional lujvo after
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|unifying brivla]] and
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|removing the slinku'i rule]].

This would turn streams of sound currently parsed as multiple words -- any
sequence of the form [cmavo not ending in y] [one or more cmavo ending in y]
[non-cmevla word] -- into single brivla. Notably, '''.a'y'''-style letterals
would very often require glottal stops after them.

CVCy_lujvo = onset nucleus medial_syllable+ (brivla / final_syllable)

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi pu '''mojyko''' lo du'u lo cabdei cu xavdei}}

== CV-shaped rafsi ==

Proposed by [[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] as part of [[logbanu]], to shorten [[jvajvo|regular compounds]] ending in certain gismu that officially lack one-syllable terminal rafsi.

For example, '''binxo''' would gain '''-bi''' as a rafsi, shortening '''ciknybi'o''' to '''ciknybi'''. [[cmacmarafsi|A list of proposed CV rafsi]].

This proposal does not necessarily affect the morphology PEG; [[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|unifying brivla]] and [[#Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo|expanding CVCy-lujvo]] would already allow such words. It is rather a proposal to give these words regularly derivable meanings.

== CCy-shaped cmavo ==

[[CCy cmavo|Proposed]] by [[User:Mudri|la mudri]] as a way to expand letteral space.

{{irci|len=10|ziren|suf=(2009)|doi '''djy.''' mi pu kibro ciska lo ve ciksi fe be la tenuar. pe mi}}

== Restricting cmevla to valid syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others, as the simplest way of
reducing the amount of cmevla that the parser accepts but speakers find
ungrammatical.

cmevla = jbocme

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2015)|.i xebni mu'i ra'u lo nu iy. jai nandu fai lo ka ce se pilno ci'e la .'''linukys'''.}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.i do'a nai mi sinma la .'''kymir'''. ki'u lo nu ri troci lo ka tcidu}}

== Allowing glides after consonants in cmevla (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Ilmen|la .ilmen.]] and others, as sort of a counterpoint to the above proposal.

{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|ua la '''idiot'''.bot. co'a zifre}}
{{irci|len=10|lynn|suf=(2016)|.ua mi tirna fi tu'a la .teilr.'''suift'''. fe tu'a la'o xy. file_94.oga .xy.}}
{{irci|len=10|ilmen|suf=(2016)|.i xu zo .'''period'''. cmene fe ji'a lo namcu mocle'u lo glibau baupli}}

== Allowing glides after consonants, but not within initial clusters (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Tsani|la tsani]] and others.

== CGV syllables as alternative or replacement for CV'V cmavo and rafsi ([[La Alta]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]] and [[User:Aleksolas|la .aleksolas.]]

== Treatment of VGV sequences similarly to V'V (as in CLL) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]].

Morphology proposals

2020-10-26T11:24:36Z

Cirko: /* Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo */ CV rafsi

This is a grab bag of changes to the
[[BPFK Section: Formal Morphology|morphology]] grammar that people have
considered over the years. Unless noted otherwise, [[BPFK]]'s working
morphology, as implemented by
[http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes.html ilmentufa], is used as a
baseline for describing the proposals. See also
[[Talk:controversial points in the morphology|this discussion]] from when the
BPFK morphology was first being developed.

== CyC syllables as alternative or replacement for consonantal syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others. Rationale: some speakers find
syllabic consonants difficult to pronounce or to distinguish from -yC-
sequences.

xorxes's [[zasni gerna cenba vreji#syllabic consonants|original proposal]] was
to allow these syllables only for [[type 3 fu'ivla]] hyphens; more recent
variants have no such restriction.

'''Newly grammatical''': sin'''cyr'''boua, sip'''nyb'''zu

brivla_head = !cmavo !slinkuhi !h &syllable unstressed_syllable*
# Change y to y_hyphen in every y-rafsi rule
y_hyphen = y &onset
stress = (consonant / glide)* h? y? coda? syllable pause
consonantal_syllable = onset y coda / consonant &syllabic coda

'''In the wild'''

{{irci|len=10|durka|suf=(2008)|xu cirla '''cidjrbyrga'''}}
{{irci|len=10|jukni|suf=(2010)|lo '''juknynba''' cu mutce kukte}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i do co'e ca lo '''xo'yldei'''}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2014)|pe'i lo '''saltyrkaisara''' mi cnino .i ca lo cabdei mi citka lo salta be lo laktuka jo'u lo tamca jo'u lo clazme .i no'e cinri .i ku'i mi na pante}}
{{irci|len=10|lablanu|suf=(2015)|mi ca '''gugylsisku''' .i mi na facki no da}}
{{irci|len=10|Amnadya|suf=(2015)|.i so'o '''gernyrkasu''' cu srana zo ca}}
{{irci|len=10|fegmese|suf=(2016)|ti'e zmadu so'a drata '''linyksu''' lo ka lo pilno be ce'u cu nitcu lo ka kurji ... ri xu}}

== Removing or simplifying the slinkuhi rules ==

Proposed by many and made official in TLI [[Loglan]]. Rationale is that
[[slinku'i]] in its current form makes the morphology unnecessarily hard to learn
and use in fluent speech. Also often part of calls to
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi do away with assigned rafsi],
since slinkuhi exists to favour words made of those.

=== Killing .oisai'yvla (brivla rafsi merger) ===

The least radical of the slinku'i proposals. '''sai'yvla''' would become a
valid word, removing the only instance where a string beginning with a single
consonant can be a slinku'i.

'''Newly grammatical''': sai'yvla

'''No longer grammatical''': .oisai'yvla (would parse as two words)

initial_rafsi = !slihykru extended_rafsi / y_rafsi / !any_fuhivla_rafsi y_less_rafsi !any_fuhivla_rafsi
any_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla / fuhivla_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_extended_rafsi = stressed_hy_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
extended_rafsi = hy_rafsi / fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla_head stressed_syllable consonantal_syllable* onset y
fuhivla_rafsi = &unstressed_syllable fuhivla_head onset y h?
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) h y onset
hy_rafsi = (long_rafsi unstressed_vowel / CCV_rafsi / CVV_rafsi) h y h?

=== slinku'i only on word-final or -'y short rafsi ===

This is what Loglan has implemented, and what Lojbanists usually mean by
"getting rid of slinku'i". '''sporte''' would become a valid word, but not
'''sli'a''', so that CVV and CV'V rafsi behave identically with regards to
hyphen requirements. Some also propose that sequences like '''dja'y-''' remain
as slinku'i so that brivla rafsi like '''-uidja'y-''' stay valid.

'''Newly grammatical''': sporte zdanco'o klesnai krinju

'''No longer grammatical''': .esporte .adjunte .asfalte bavlamdei faglitki .islenska lojbangirzu

slinkuhi = consonant CVV_final_rafsi
# Plus the changes above and optionally removal of the slihykru rule

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|mi nelci lo lenku '''djarpitsa'''}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i bazibo lo '''cridrimpe''' cu renro lo bolci be lo fagri mi}}
{{irci|len=10|latros|suf=(2011)|.i ro da poi ke'a '''cmacrordra''' zo'u ro de zo'u de me'au da de}}
{{irci|len=10|klaku|suf=(2012)|ko kibrolinki '''plokso'''}}
{{irci|len=10|danr|suf=(2014)|.i mi '''ckaklyzu'e''' mu'i lo nu tatpi ru'e .i ku'i za'u re'u casnu cu'e}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|lo nu da'i la datnymu'e remna cu simsa lo drata '''brotkaste''' pe BBC cu se cumki lo nu lo vreji be lo nu la .robin. cu fonxa tavla cu nenri lo '''brotkaste''' vau :P}}
{{irci|len=10|emna|suf=(2015)|no'i xu do jinvi co '''jbofnu''' mapti co selcme zo .emna}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2015)|ie i xu do ba favgau lo '''frontende'''}}
{{irci|len=10|omni___|suf=(2015)|lo ka sruri na '''dzistribu''' .i lo du'u lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule na nibli lo du'u ro lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule}}
{{irci|len=10|clakre|suf=(2016)|mi na se cmene zo '''clarke''' .i ku'i se cmene zo clakre}}
{{irci|len=10|uakci|suf=(2016)|.i je lo nu tai zukte cu se jalge lo nu do'e lo cmalu '''skrine''' cu za'u to zmadu lo na se me'oi br toi mei co linji}}
{{irci|len=10|la_aLEKsolas|suf=(2017)|ju'opei lo '''tsaibaklo''' lo vajraifla cu citka}}

=== No slinku'i at all ===

Under this option, '''vla'i''' would become a word and the lujvo for
'''balvi''' + '''lamji''' would come out as '''bavyla'i'''.

=== Transitional dialects ===

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] and others propose ways for slinku'i-ful and
slinku'i-less dialects to share the same lexicon. slinku'i-ful dialects could
import what they see as slinku'i by prepending a glottal stop. Relative to the
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|lujvo-zi'evla merger]]
proposal below:

brivla = !cmavo brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
post_word = pause / !nucleus !slinkuhi lojban_word

slinku'i-less dialects could keep words that used to depend on slinku'i glue
together using an [[#Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo|extended CVCy-lujvo rule]].

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2017)|sei ca lo nu viska zo ckt cu pensi be '''lo. tcuktci''' bangu}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pu lo nu casnu cu pensi zo temkracabdu'i .i lo nu na birti pu mukti lo '''nu. pretsku'''}}

== Forbidding certain initial clusters ==

[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] proposes to remove all consonant triples as well as
'''ml-''' and '''mr-''' as initial clusters. Rationale is that [[jvajvo|regular prefixes]]
such as '''kam-''' would be less likely to cause [[tosmabru]], and that some
existing words (notably of CVCCCVCV shape) would be preserved
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|if slinku'i were to be abolished]].

Eight gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|mlana}} {{jvs|mlatu}}
{{jvs|mleca}} {{jvs|mledi}} {{jvs|mluni}} {{jvs|mraji}} {{jvs|mrilu}}
{{jvs|mruli}}.

Some other words no longer grammatical: citmle mlatejami mlongena mlumitu mri'au skripto skrolbake spranto strelka stribilo

onset = h / glide / !(consonant consonant consonant) initial
other <- p / t !l / k / f / x / b / d !l / g / v / m !liquid / n !liquid

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|su'a mi na'o nelci lo danlu .i lo '''maltu''' jo'a (to .u'i pei toi) cu mupli}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi nelci lo '''malna''' si frikative}}
{{irci|len=10|jelca|suf=(2017)|.i melbi fa lo tarci '''maltu'''}}

== Forbidding certain clusters altogether ==

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] proposes to forbid clusters '''md''', '''mt''',
'''nb''', '''np''', which are prone to assimilation.

27 gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|canpa}} {{jvs|cenba}}
{{jvs|cimde}} {{jvs|cinba}} {{jvs|denpa}} {{jvs|famti}} {{jvs|femti}}
{{jvs|finpe}} {{jvs|janbe}} {{jvs|jimte}} {{jvs|kanba}} {{jvs|kumte}}
{{jvs|lanbi}} {{jvs|lunbe}} {{jvs|mamta}} {{jvs|nanba}} {{jvs|panpi}}
{{jvs|penbi}} {{jvs|semto}} {{jvs|senpi}} {{jvs|sumti}} {{jvs|tanbo}}
{{jvs|tinbe}} {{jvs|tunba}} {{jvs|vamtu}} {{jvs|vanbi}} {{jvs|zenba}}

Some other words no longer grammatical: bavlamdei cinpa'i donpre kinpau menbi'a prulamdei runbau samda'o vimku'a

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|timthelion_|suf=(2006)|do jinga lo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|ta'o mi ro roi cusku zo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|codrus|suf=(2009)|.i mi citka lo grute titnamba}}

== Allowing some new medial clusters ==

Calls to make '''mz''' a valid cluster have always been commonplace.
[[User:Lalxu|la lalxu]] also proposes to allow '''n''' plus affricate clusters.

m <- comma* [mM] !h !glide !m
n <- comma* [nN] !h !glide !n

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|rlpowell|suf=(2005)|je'e .i ca lo mergu'e so'a mi'a salci lo '''bavlamzeldei''' po'o}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|mi badri lo nu do na '''samzva'''}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|.i ua la .randol.'''xolmz'''. noi loglo jatna cu ba'o se micka'a}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|lo '''larkamzi'e''' cu krali ro larfi'i}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi ca'o tcidu fi tau lo .itku'ile genkasu noi ba'u '''memzma''' la pa no no mei}}
{{irci|len=10|mungojelly|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi '''mumblenomzvati''' ca doi ro do}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.oi se'i mi za'u re'u xaksu lo '''temze'u''' si ze'u zei temci fau lo nu da'arta'a co palcau}}
{{irci|len=10|bongnanba|suf=(2016)|.i mu'a sei jijnu ti noi tabypinsi je pavmei jo'u ti noi penbi je pavmei va'o lo nu mi co'a ponse su drata pinsi cu na '''memze'a'''}}

== Adding a new diphthong ==

This is often part of proposals to add new series of cmavo, so that they can
both stay short and fit into the existing initial consonant patterns.
[[User:Spheniscine|la zipcpi]] has proposed '''[[Eulojban|eu]]''',
[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] '''ui''' [uj].

== -y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger) ==

Proposed by many over the years, especially together with
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi removal of assigned rafsi].
Usually implemented by removing any detection of rafsi that isn't related to
slinku'i. slinku'i itself only applies at the beginning of a word, not after
hyphens.

BRIVLA = brivla
brivla = !cmavo !slinkuhi !slihykru !h brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
brivla_head = &syllable (unstressed_syllable / medial_syllable)*
brivla_core = stressed_syllable medial_syllable* final_syllable
medial_syllable = &(onset !vowel !diphthong) any_syllable
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) (h / initial_pair) y onset
rafsi_string = y_less_rafsi* (gismu / CVV_final_rafsi / stressed_y_less_rafsi short_final_rafsi / y_rafsi / stressed_y_rafsi / hy_rafsi / stressed_hy_rafsi))

For a slinku'i-less variant, change rafsi_string to the one
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|shown here]] and remove
initial_pair from slihykru.

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|kamsen|suf=(2007)|lo '''tavlrgedyflai''' be le lojbo cecmu}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i ki'u bo la anar dasni lo nukni se dasni be lo '''prenrpairyto'''}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i ji'asa'e '''mibykemymo'ydji'''}}
{{irci|len=10|zahlman|suf=(2012)|u'i pe'i lonu '''nanbrdonyto''' bevri cu no'e nu jarco loka tsali}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2014)|lo'e '''banfyracolotli''' cu nelci lo ka citka lo me'oi fpcalep vau sei mi pu reisku}}
{{irci|len=10|mukti|suf=(2014)|na nitcu lo cnino '''bauplyfuzykamni''' .i na manku .i lo jbopre cu lazni lo ka viska}}
{{irci|len=10|akmnlrse|suf=(2015)|.i mo .i la'a ca '''sipnybi''' gi'e ba ke fau gi '''ciknybi''' gi di'a gunrizu}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|.i .au pei mi '''merdjygau'''}}
{{irci|len=10|durka42|suf=(2015)|'''plisyta'oi''' je tcati}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|mi pu zu pensi lo nu zo sfataba da'i valsi lo si'o za'e '''xorsyflai'''}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pe'i lo nu '''zi'evlygau''' tai tu'a di'u cu ji'i no roi xagzenri'a}}

== Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo ==

Proposed by [[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] and others. One of two ways to remove
this last bit of privilege given to traditional lujvo after
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|unifying brivla]] and
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|removing the slinku'i rule]].

This would turn streams of sound currently parsed as multiple words -- any
sequence of the form [cmavo not ending in y] [one or more cmavo ending in y]
[non-cmevla word] -- into single brivla. Notably, '''.a'y'''-style letterals
would very often require glottal stops after them.

CVCy_lujvo = onset nucleus medial_syllable+ (brivla / final_syllable)

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi pu '''mojyko''' lo du'u lo cabdei cu xavdei}}

== CV-shaped rafsi ==

Proposed by [[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] as part of [[logbanu]], to shorten [[jvajvo|regular compounds]] ending in certain gismu that officially lack one-syllable terminal rafsi.

For example, '''binxo''' would gain '''-bi''' as a rafsi, shortening '''ciknybi'o''' to '''ciknybi'''.

This proposal does not necessarily affect the morphology PEG; [[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|unifying brivla]] and [[#Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo|expanding CVCy-lujvo]] would already allow such words. It is rather a proposal to give these words regularly derivable meanings.

== CCy-shaped cmavo ==

[[CCy cmavo|Proposed]] by [[User:Mudri|la mudri]] as a way to expand letteral space.

{{irci|len=10|ziren|suf=(2009)|doi '''djy.''' mi pu kibro ciska lo ve ciksi fe be la tenuar. pe mi}}

== Restricting cmevla to valid syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others, as the simplest way of
reducing the amount of cmevla that the parser accepts but speakers find
ungrammatical.

cmevla = jbocme

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2015)|.i xebni mu'i ra'u lo nu iy. jai nandu fai lo ka ce se pilno ci'e la .'''linukys'''.}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.i do'a nai mi sinma la .'''kymir'''. ki'u lo nu ri troci lo ka tcidu}}

== Allowing glides after consonants in cmevla (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Ilmen|la .ilmen.]] and others, as sort of a counterpoint to the above proposal.

{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|ua la '''idiot'''.bot. co'a zifre}}
{{irci|len=10|lynn|suf=(2016)|.ua mi tirna fi tu'a la .teilr.'''suift'''. fe tu'a la'o xy. file_94.oga .xy.}}
{{irci|len=10|ilmen|suf=(2016)|.i xu zo .'''period'''. cmene fe ji'a lo namcu mocle'u lo glibau baupli}}

== Allowing glides after consonants, but not within initial clusters (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Tsani|la tsani]] and others.

== CGV syllables as alternative or replacement for CV'V cmavo and rafsi ([[La Alta]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]] and [[User:Aleksolas|la .aleksolas.]]

== Treatment of VGV sequences similarly to V'V (as in CLL) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]].

cmacmarafsi

2020-10-26T11:15:22Z

Cirko: Created page with "lo'e '''cmacmarafsi''' cu rafsi gi'e pormei li re gi'e se tarmi lo'e zunsna ce'o lo'e na'e diftogo je karsna .i na'o pilno lo'e cmacmarafsi tai tu'a zoi ba. '''gism'''y'''ra''..."

lo'e '''cmacmarafsi''' cu rafsi gi'e pormei li re gi'e se tarmi lo'e zunsna ce'o lo'e na'e diftogo je karsna .i na'o pilno lo'e cmacmarafsi tai tu'a zoi ba. '''gism'''y'''ra''' .ba. noi zo '''gismy''' ne ke'a cu brarafsi su'o gismu je noi zo '''ra''' ne ke'a cu cmacmarafsi

== ni'o lo mukti ==
.i mukti lo nu pilno lo'e cmacmarafsi kei fa lo nu so'i gismu poi cafne fa lo nu ke'a pormoi li ro lo'e ve jvajvo cu poi'i no rafsi be ke'a cu ge slakymei li pa gi poi'i fladra fa lo nu ke'a porfa'o lo'e valsi .i mu'a zo '''binxo''' cu poi'i ge lo cmarafsi be ke'a be'o po'u ra'oi .'''bi'o'''. cu reldu'i ke'a lo ka slakymei, gi lo cmarafsi be ke'a be'o po'u ra'oi .'''bix'''. na ka'e porfa'o su'o valsi .i mu'i ku de'i li ny. ji'i 2013 [[User:Selpahi|la selpa'i]] cu stidi lo du'u co'a rafsi nu'i mu'a zo '''binxo''' fa ra'oi '''.bi.'''

== ni'o lo vlaturge'a srana ==
.i ma vanbi lo nu ka'e pilno lo'e cmacmarafsi, sei la'a do retpei .i [[User:Cirko|mi]] ca stidi no satci pe la'e di'u .i pu ku mi ciskyfi'i [[informal description of the PEG morphology algorithm/condensed|su'o prosa poi va'o tu'a ke'a su'o javni zo'u stidi tu'a ri]] .i ku'i ralju lo'e noi za'u mei ku'o tcini be lo nu pilno lo'e cmacmarafsi kei fa lo nu ge ri porfa'o gi lo'e pa brarafsi cu porkra .i brijunfrili fa lo ka ka'e ta'i ce'u zanru fa lo'e gentufa lo bi'u nai tcini

== ni'o lo rafsi se stidi ==
.i di'e zo'u lo zunle ce'o lo pritu cu porkifa'u lo ka pu'i ku ga'a mi su'o da stidi lo du'u ce'u ce'u rafsi .i .e'e do jmina lo srana be lo poi'i do jinvi lo du'u ke'a .inda lo ka su'o da ke'a cmacmarafsi

{| class="wikitable"
| ba || balvi
|-
| bi || binxo
|-
| ca || cabna
|-
| du || dunli
|-
| ja || selja'e
|-
| ji || seljibri
|-
| ma || marji / zilzba / selkra
|-
| me || mleca
|-
| ra || srana / ckini
|-
| ri || rinka
|-
| sa || kansa
|-
| se || sefsi
|-
| si || simxu
|-
| to || toltce
|-
| zu || zukte
|}

== ni'o lo poi'i da'i ke'a ji'a do cinri ==
* .i [[Morphology proposals|ti noi liste su'oi se stidi pe lo vlaturge'a]]

la karda

2020-10-18T19:49:27Z

Cirko: /* Quantities */ "how many there are" -> "how many the sentence applies to", and replace second example to show PA+KOhA

{{Lojban StackExchange}}

== Preface ==

This is a distilled overview of the Lojban language.

Major concepts of the language are introduced by saying as much with as little as
possible.

That is to say:

* For each concept the most crucial aspects are presented
* However, some details may be glossed over or simplified
* Some details are only mentioned or explained by their mere appearance in example sentences. Look carefully!

''Finally, some aspects of Lojban are omitted entirely!''

However incomplete - the goal of the following is to present, in the most immediate and
expedient manner possible, a '''conceptualization''' of the language. Lojban is
characterized in many ways from being "logical" and "unambiguous" to "culturally
neutral". The characterization that this text aims to reveal is that Lojban is both
rational (it makes sense) and regular (it always works the same).

From this rationality and regularity comes a simplicity that makes Lojban easier to
learn than anyone really ever expects it to be at first.

'''Tip:'''

If you take the following passages at reading speed you will likely find
yourself lost in the forest very quickly. The slower you go, the better luck
you'll have at absorbing what it is trying to tell you.

In the end, if you're confused, use that as inspiration to dig deeper and you'll
be fine!

=== Special Thanks ===

A number of people have contributed to the creation of this document in various ways:

A general thanks goes to the entire IRC community, since it is the largest driver of
Lojban's on-going promotion and evolution.

Thanks goes to <code>la selpa'i ku</code> who's article on ZAhO was the inspiration for the section
on "Understanding Time" and has made a number of corrections to errors in this document
as well as helping along my own study of Lojban. And of course their many contributions
to the language itself.

Additional thanks to those who have contributed minor corrections:

la ilmen, la cirko, la kalmari, la gleki, la tsani, la lalxu

== Core Grammar ==

=== Parts of Language ===

In language there are three major parts:

nouns: the things we talk about

verbs: tell us what the nouns do

sentences: says something using nouns and verbs

=== Types of Words ===

Lojban only has two kinds of words:

particles: short words that perform grammar functions

verbs: tell us what nouns do

=== What about Nouns? ===

What about nouns?!

Hold that thought.

=== Standard Form ===

Every sentence follows the form:

i x1 VERB x2 x3 xN

<code>i</code> separates multiple sentences. The first noun appears before the verb, additional nouns follow the verb.

=== Verbs Say What Nouns Do ===

Verbs tell us what the nouns do:

dunda: x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3

[donor] dunda [gift] [benefactor]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

=== Simple Pro-nouns ===

Some particles act like pro-nouns:

mi - me, the speaker

do - you, the listener

ti - this, something nearby

=== Verbs and Nouns ===

Nouns can be put in the places and the verb says what they do:

mi dunda ti do
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"I give this to you."

=== Rearranging Nouns ===

Putting the nouns into different places changes what they do:

do* dunda ti mi*
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"You give this to me."

=== Converting Verbs to Nouns ===

The particles <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code> convert verbs to nouns from the x1
role:

Pattern: lo VERB ku => NOUN from x1

dunda: x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3
▼
verb
┌─┴─┐
lo dunda ku <== [donor] dunda [gift] [benefactor]
─────┬───── ├──────┼──────┼────────┤
noun x1 verb x2 x3

<code>lo dunda ku</code> creates a noun-description which refers to "a donor"

mi dunda ti lo dunda ku
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"I gave this to a donor."

=== Complex Sentences ===

Using multiple verbs, complex sentences can be formed:

mlatu: x1 is a cat

pinxe: x1 drinks beverage x2

ladru: x1 is milk

lo mlatu ku pinxe lo ladru ku
[drinker] │ [beverage]
├──────────┼─────────┤
x1 verb x2

"A cat drinks some milk."

=== The Drama of Language ===

The previous example can be thought of as a kind of stage-play, directed by the Verb
and starring the Nouns.

Breakfast Time, a play by Pinxe!

The Verb Director tells us what Roles are available and What Happens:

Pinxe says, "x1 drinks beverage x2"

Story Outline: [drinker] pinxe [beverage]

SCRIPT:
1. A Drinker drinks!
2. A Beverage is imbibed!

CAST:
The lead Drinker : lo mlatu ku (mlatu's x1 - "a cat")
The supporting Beverage: lo ladru ku (ladru's x1 - "some milk")

STAGE:
lo mlatu ku pinxe lo ladru ku <= actors in the play
[drinker] │ [beverage] <= roles in the play
├──────────┼─────────┤
role1 director role2

"A cat drinks some milk."

=== Rearranging Verbs ===

The particles of the SE family rearrange verbs:

Pattern: SE VERB => VERB'

The roles of the x1 and xN nouns, what they do, is swapped in the new modified verb:

klama: x1 travels to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 in vehicle x5

| X1 | VERB | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 |
| traveler | klama | destination | origin | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x2 | destination | se klama | traveler | origin | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x3 | origin | te klama | destination | traveler | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x4 | route | ve klama | destination | origin | traveler | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x5 | vehicle | xe klama | destination | origin | route | traveler |

se klama: to destination x1, traveler x2 goes from origin x3 via route x4 in vehicle x5
and so on..

=== SE In Action ===

These SE modified verbs are useful both in making nouns and as the main verb of
sentences:

fraxu: x1 forgives x2 for x3

vecnu: x1 sells x2 to buyer x3 for price x4

dakfu: x1 is a knife

lo se fraxu ku te vecnu lo dakfu ku
[buyer] | [goods]
└────────────┴───────────┘
"The forgiven buys a knife."

friti: x1 offers x2 to x3

xamgu: x1 is beneficial to x2

ginka: x1 is an encampment of x2

lo se friti ku xamgu lo se ginka ku
[benefit] | [beneficiary]
└───────────┴───────────┘
"The offering is good for the campers."

=== FA Labels ===

The FA family of particles allows for breaking the default noun ordering of sentences
without modifying the verb:

Pattern: FA NOUN => NOUN'

fa : x1 Each particle from the FA family
fe : x2 simply specifies what the following
fi : x3 noun is doing in the sentence. In
fo : x4 other words which role from the verb
fu : x5 it fills.

This allows putting all of the nouns after the verb:

dunda fa mi ti do - "I donate this to you"

Or skip some places entirely:

mi dunda fi do - "I donate to you"

Counting resumes from any FA particle:

fe ti dunda fa mi do - "I donate this to you"
──┬── ──┬── ─┐
x2 x1 x3

=== Cmavo and Brivla ===

Lojban has names for the two kinds of words that make up its dictionary:

"cmavo" - mi, ti, do, lo, ku
- small word that performs a grammatical function
- categorized into families

"brivla" : dunda, klama, mlatu, ladru
- a word that produces a grammatical verb
- has a definition with 1 or more noun roles

=== Selbri Sumti and Bridi ===

It also has names for the different parts of speech that come to life in lojban sentences:

"selbri" - the verb phrases central to sentences and nouns

"sumti" - the noun phrases that take on semantic roles

"bridi" - the combination of a selbri and its sumti

LEGEND:
<> - selbri verb
[] - sumti noun
{} - bridi statement

Notice how selbri verb phrases appear throughout:

lo <se <jdice>> ku <nandu> lo <sonci> ku

Sumti nouns are placed around the root selbri:

[lo se jdice ku] nandu [lo sonci ku]

And the whole structure, a selbri with its sumti, is a bridi:

{lo se jdice ku nandu lo sonci ku}

=== Tanru ===

By combining multiple consecutive independent selbri, a <code>tanru</code> or
compound-selbri verb can be created:

mi <<djica> <citka>> lo <plise> ku
"I want-eat an apple."

Two brivla <code>cidja</code> and <code>dunda</code> come together below to create a
compound-selbri inside a sumti:

Simple Selbri
┌───┴───┐
lo <<cidja> <dunda>> ku <prami> lo <prenu> ku
└───────┬───────┘
Selbri Tanru

"The food-donor loves people."

But what is the definition of a composite-selbri or tanru?

Tanru are metaphorical, so their full meaning is ambiguous. However, basic structure of
the definition is that of the '''right most''' selbri component:

gleki : x1 is happy about x2

cadzu : x1 walks on surface x2

gleki cadzu : x1 happy-walks on surface x2

What does "happy-walk" really mean? Only the speaker knows for sure!

== Conversation ==

=== Proper Nouns ===

Proper nouns are created by using <code>la</code> instead of <code>lo</code>:

mi prami lo rozgu ku
── ──
"I love roses."

mi prami la rozgu ku
── ──
"I love Rose."

Names are sumti just like any other.

=== Introductions ===

Introducing one's own self is done with the cmavo <code>mi'e</code>:

Pattern: mi'e NAME

mi'e la rozgu ku
────
"I'm Rose."

=== Greetings ===

Greeting another person is done with the cmavo <code>coi</code>:

Pattern: coi SUMTI

coi la rozgu ku
───
"Hello, Rose."

coi lo tadni ku
───
"Hello, student"

coi do
───
"Hello, you."

Or just, "coi"

=== Farewells ===

Farewells are offered with the cmavo <code>co'o</code>:

Pattern: co'o SUMTI

co'o la rozgu ku
────
"Goodbye, Rose."

=== Requesting Attention ===

Requests for attention are made with the cmavo <code>ju'i</code>:

Pattern: ju'i SUMTI

ju'i la rozgu ku
───
"Hey, Rose."

If multiple listeners paying attention you can address them individually with
<code>doi</code>:

Pattern: doi SUMTI
doi la mirli ku ko mipri
───
"Keep it secret, Moose"

=== Yes No Questions ===

"Yes or No" questions can be asked by using the <code>xu</code> cmavo:

i xu do citka lo plise ku
──
"Did you eat an apple?"

Notice that even though the sentence is now a question rather than a statement the
overall structure hasn't changed.

The <code>xu</code> is placed after the sentence separator <code>i</code> so as to apply to the whole
sentence equally. By placing <code>xu</code> after a specific word emphasis can be placed on it:

i do citka lo xu plise ku
──
"Was it an apple you ate?""

=== Yes No Answers ===

"Yes" and "No" answers can be supplied with the following replies:

In the affirmative, "go'i" is used:
Q: xu do citka lo plise ku
A: go'i
───
The denial is supplied by: na go'i

=== Sumti Questions ===

Sumti specific questions can be asked by using the <code>ma</code> cmavo in place of the sumti in question.

do citka ma
──
"What did you eat?"

ma catra ma
── ──
"Who killed who?"

To answer sumti questions simply state what fills the missing place:

lo plise ku

Or restate the question with the places filled in:

do catra mi

=== Selbri Questions ===

Selbri specific questions can be asked by using the <code>mo</code> cmavo in place of the selbri in question.

mo fa mi do ti
──
"What are we doing with this?"

do mo
──
"You are/doing what?"

do mo fengu mi
──
"What kind of angry are you at me?"

=== Attitude Questions ===

A special kind of question using the cmavo <code>pei</code> asks the listener to share
their feelings or disposition about some topic:

i pei mi cliva
───
"How do you feel about me leaving?"

"pei" is another word which can direct its emphasis by way of right-attachment:

i mi jukpa lo jipci ku pei
───
"How do you feel that its chicken that I cook.

=== Attitude Cmavo ===

In addition to making an explicit statement about one's self, an answer to
<code>pei</code> can be given with cmavo from the UI Family of "attitudinals".

ui - "I'm happy"

a'o - "I hope"

i'e - "I approve"

There are many attitudinals and they all express, in one way or another some aspect of
the speaker's disposition about the speech the attitudinal is appears in.

i ui do prami mi
──
"You love me, and I'm happy about it."

i a'o do snada
───
"I'm hopeful you succeed."

Like many other cmavo, UI attitudinals give emphasis to the part of speech they attach
to:

do pinxe lo birje ku e'u
───
"I suggest beer to be what you drink."

=== Attitude Ranges ===

Attitudinals have an inherent "range" or "intensity spectrum" which can be altered from
the default.

Without any modifier you get the default attitude. However, <code>nai</code> and other
cmavo can affect the sense of the UI cmavo:

ui cai - "I'm happy as possible"
ui sai - "I'm very happy"
ui - "I'm happy"
ui ru'e - "I'm kinda/sorta happy"
ui cu'i - "I'm neutral in my happiness"
ui nai - "I'm unhappy"
ui nai sai - "I'm very unhappy"

and so on...

=== Evidential Cmavo ===

A sub-family of the attitudinals, the UI2 Evidentials, express an epistemological
claim. In other words, how the speaker came to know or state whatever it is they are
saying:

i ti'e do nelci mi
────
"I hear rumored that you like me."

i pe'i lo plise ku xamgu
────
"It is my opinion that apples are beneficial."

i za'a do mutce xagji
────
"I observe that you are very hungry."

i ba'a la rozgu ku zvati lo zdani ku
────
"I expect Rose is at the house."

=== Discursive Cmavo ===

Another sub-family of the attitudinals, the UI3 "discursives" express the point or
purpose of a part of or a whole statement.

i do citka lo titla ku po'o
────
"You only eat sweets."

i ji'a mi nitcu lo jdini ku
────
"Also, I need money."

i si'a mi terpa lo jukni ku
────
"Similarly, I'm afraid of spiders."

i ku'i lo jenmi ku daspo
────
"However, armys are destructive."

=== Humor ===

Having a sense of humor is key to any conversation:

Sarcasm:
i xo'o lo se platu ku banli
────
"Oh jeeze, great plan."

i xo'o nai lo skaci ku melbi
────────
"Seriously, that skirt is beautiful."

Levity:
i zo'o se ckaji do
────
"Ho! Typical you."

i zo'o nai mi nelci lo cutci
────
"I do like these shoes..."

Amusement:
i u'i xu do mulno
───
"Haha, are you done yet?"

i u'i nai xu do mulno
───────
"Yea.. are you done yet?"

=== Changing the Subject ===

If things get tense you can always change the subject with <code>ta'o</code>:

i ta'o do klama ma
────
"By the way, where are you going?"

You can also return to a previous topic by adding <code>nai</code>:

i ta'o nai mi'o casnu ma
────────
"Returning, what were we discussing?"

=== Requests and Commands ===

Ultimately if things go completely sour you may have to request your interlocutor to
leave:

i e'o do cliva
───
"Please, you leave."

Or if they have been particularly offensive you might demand it!

i ko cliva
──
"I implore you to leave."

Any command is possible by using "ko" in place of the normal "do".

== Sumti Manipulation ==

=== Saying "and" and "or" ===

To make statements about different sumti at the same time the connective cmavo
<code>je</code> can be used:

Pattern: SUMTI je SUMTI => SUMTI'

i mi nelci [[lo plise ku] je [lo perli ku]]
──
"I like apples and pears."

Similarly, <code>ja</code> can be used for "or":

i ko cuxna [[lo dakfu ku] ja [lo mruli ku]]
──
"Pick the knife or the spear"

=== Grouping ===

To group multiple sumti together to say that they do something together,
<code>jo'u</code> can be used:

Pattern: SUMTI jo'u SUMTI => SUMTI'

i [[mi] jo'u [do]] bevri lo pipno
────
"You and I carry the piano"

i mi se catra [[lo fagri ku] jo'u [lo bisli ku]]
────
"I was killed by fire and ice."

=== Ownership ===

To associate one sumti with another by way of ownership the cmavo <code>po</code> is
used:

Pattern: SUMTI po SUMTI => SUMTI'

i [[lo karce ku] po [mi]] spofu
──
"My car is broken."

i ko cpacu [[lo ckiku ku] po [do]]
──
"Go get your keys."

=== Association ===

For a weaker association than ownership you can use <code>pe</code>:

Pattern: SUMTI pe SUMTI => SUMTI'

i mi vasxu [[lo vacri ku] pe [do]]
──
"I'm breathing your air."

i ko zutse [[lo stizu ku] pe [mi]]
──
"Sit in my chair."

=== Quantities ===

To specify how many of a sumti the sentence applies to, a number can be placed before the sumti:

Pattern: PA SUMTI => SUMTI'

Numbers:
no pa re ci vo mu xa ze bi so
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

i mi viska [mu [lo bakni ku]]
──
"I see 5 cows."

i [vo do] pinxe lo ladru ku
──
"Four of you drink milk."

=== Subjective Numbers ===

Other kinds of "subjective numbers" exist too which are pretty handy:

i xu do citka [du'e [lo plise ku]]
────
"Did you eat too many apples?"

so'u lo plise ku - "a few apples"
so'o lo plise ku - "several apples"
so'i lo plise ku - "many apples"
so'e lo plise ku - "most of the apples"
ro lo plise ku - "all the apples"
rau lo plise ku - "enough apples"
mo'a lo plise ku - "not enough apples"
da'a ci lo plise ku - "all but three apples"

== Selbri Manipulation ==

=== Negation and Affirmation ===

Most selbri manipulation is performed via prefix cmavo. For example negation is done
with <code>na</code>:

Pattern: NA SELBRI => SELBRI'

i mi <na <xagji>>
──
"I'm not hungry"

On the flip-side you can say something is certain:

i mi <ja'a <xagji>>
────
"I am definitely hungry"

=== Scaling Relevance ===

Other cmavo have related effects which specify how strongly the selbri is applied:

i mi <no'e <xagji>>
────
"I'm not really that hungry."

i mi <to'e <xagji>>
────
"I'm full!"

=== Saying "and" and "or" ===

Similarly to sumti, selbri can be joined with the very same connective words:

i mi <<tatpi> je <xagji>>
──
"I'm tired and hungry"

i mi'o e'u <<citka> ja <cliva>>.
──
"We should eat or leave."

=== Tense ===

While Lojban bridi don't have any implicit tense, selbri can be modified to have such
tense:

mi <pu <viska>> do
──
"I saw you."

mi <ca <viska>> do
──
"I see you."

mi <ba <viska>> do
──
"I will see you."

=== Temporal Distance ===

In addition to direction, temporal distance can also be provided:

mi <pu zi <viska>> do
──
"I just saw you!"

mi <pu za <viska>> do
──
"I saw you a while ago."

mi <pu zu <viska>> do
──
"It has been a long while since I've seen you."

=== Proximity ===

Selbri can also be modified in terms of spatial proximity:

mi <vi <viska>> do
──
"I saw you right here!"

mi <va <viska>> do
──
"I saw you nearby."

mi <vu <viska>> do
──
"I saw you elsewhere."

=== Preloading ===

Selbri can be "pre-injected" with a sumti, removing a sumti place from the definition,
with the <code>be</code> cmavo:

Pattern: SELBRI be SUMTI => SELBRI'

dunda : x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3
dunda be lo plise ku : x1 donates apples to beneficiary x2

By default <code>be</code> injects a sumti into the x2 place, but the FA family can be
used to specify which place should be filled:

vecnu be fi lo jecta ku : x1 sells x2 to the state

Multiple sumti places may be filled, separated by <code>bei</code>:

vecnu be lo xarci ku bei lo jecta ku : x1 sells weapons to the state

=== Preloaded Sumti ===

Note that <code>be</code> forms a new selbri even though it incorporates a sumti:

┌──────new selbri──────────┐
<<vecnu> be [lo xarci ku]> = x1 sells weapons to x2
│ │
base selbri injected sumti

This is a little strange when used as the main verb of a sentence:

(who) (sells guns) (the state)
ma <vecnu be lo xarci ku> lo jecta ku
[seller] │ [buyer]
└─────────────────┴─────────────────┘

<code>lo xarci ku</code> could just have been provided as x2 to a normal
<code>vecnu</code>. The <code>be</code> appears unnessecary. However, this is very
useful for creating interesting sumti!

┌───preloaded selbri─────┐
mi tavla [lo <<vecnu> be [lo xarci ku]> ku]
"I talk to the seller of weapons.

ko na lebna [lo <<sidbo> be fi [mi]> ku]
"Don't you take ideas of mine."

This is far more explicit than using <code>pe</code> or <code>po</code>.

== Subordination ==

=== Facts ===

Similar to the transformation of selbri into sumti the same can be done for whole bridi
into selbri with the help of <code>du'u</code> and <code>kei</code>:

Pattern: du'u BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The definition of such a selbri is something like:

x1 is the fact represented by the inner bridi

┌───fact selbri────┐
du'u do prami mi kei = x1 is the fact that: you love me
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

Adding <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code>, the selbri is transformed into a sumti
allowing one to talk about the fact inside:

[lo <du'u {do prami mi} kei> ku] = "the fact that you love me"

These nested fact sumti can be used as any other:

┌───fact selbri────┐
mi djuno [lo du'u do prami mi kei ku]
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

"I know that you love me."

=== Events ===

Where <code>du'u</code> gets at the truth of a matter, <code>nu</code> can emphasize
the time and location in which a bridi takes place:

Pattern: nu BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The definition of such a selbri is something like:

x1 is the event described by the inner Bridi

┌──fact selbri───┐
nu do speni mi kei = x1 is the event of: you are married to me
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

Just like with <code>du'u</code> these <code>nu</code> selbri can be turned into sumti
with <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code>:

[lo <nu {do speni mi} kei> ku] = "the event of our marriage"

And can be incorporated into larger sentences:

┌──fact selbri───┐
mi djica [lo nu do speni mi kei ku]
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

"I desire our marriage."

=== Properties ===

A third word, <code>ka</code> can also create a selbri from a bridi much like
<code>du'u</code> and <code>nu</code>:

Pattern: ka BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The bridi must contain at least one <code>ce'u</code> sumti:

┌───────property selbri────────┐
mi cnici [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└────────────┬────────────┘
inner bridi

The <code>ce'u</code> has no meaning of its own. The selbri that receives the property
specifies what it refers to. In this case, it is <code>cnici</code> taking the property
as its x2.

The definition of <code>cnici</code> is:

x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property x2

And so it is the x1, or <code>mi</code>, who is orderly in the eating of cookies.

mi cnici [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└───────┬────────┘
bound sumti

"I am orderly in the eating of cookies."

The <code>ce'u</code> can appear anywhere in the inner bridi:

do cinmo [lo ka la mam ku vajni ce'u kei ku]
└──────────────┬─────────────────┘
bound sumti

"You feel the emotion of Mother being important to you."

Some selbri words make comparative statements:

zmadu: x1 is more than x2 in property x3

do zmadu mi [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└────────────┬────────────┘
inner bridi

do citka lo titnanba ku "is more than" mi citka lo titnanba ku

"You are more than me in the eating of cookies."
"You eat more cookies than me."

Numerous property relations exist within the Lojban lexicon.

=== Relative Phrases ===

Additional information about a sumti can be provided by attaching a bridi to it with
<code>noi</code>:

Pattern: SUMTI noi BRIDI ku'o => SUMTI'

Similarly to the properties created with <code>ka</code>, <code>noi</code> bridi have a
stand-in word <code>ke'a</code>:

ko penmi la rozgu ku noi mi prami ke'a ku'o
└──────┬──────┘
inner bridi

Meet Rose, who I love.

The <code>noi</code> bridi is attached to <code>la rozgu ku</code> and so it is her to
whom <code>ke'a</code> refers to.

If the information is not merely incidental but nessecary to discern which thing is
being talking about <code>poi</code> can be used instead:

ko penmi lo bruna ku poi mi prami ke'a ku'o
└──────┬──────┘
inner bridi

Meet the brother I love (compared to whichever I don't.)

== Understanding Time ==

The basic tenses <code>pu</code>, <code>ca</code> and <code>ba</code> were covered
previously but there is a bit more to say about time.

=== Basic Tenses ===

The tense for stating something is currently happening is <code>ca</code>:

mi ca citka
──
"I am currently eating."

Another way of stating this (which will be helpful later) is:

"The present coincides with my eating."

citka
⇜┬──────────┼──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

How about the other tenses?

mi pu pensi
──
"I was thinking."

"The past coincides with my thinking."

pensi
⇜├──────────┬──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

do ba jimpe
──
"You will understand."

"The future coincides with your understanding."

jimpe
⇜┬──────────┬──────────┤⇝
Past Now Future

=== Event Contours ===

All events have a "temporal extent" or lifetime. It is often useful to describe the
various events "within" an event. The ZAhO family of tenses can be used for accessing
them:

╎ pu'o: before
pu'o ═══════════╣ ╠════════════ ba'o ╎ co'a: the outset
co'a de'a di'a co'u ╎ de'a: break
╎ di'a: resumption
└───────────┬─────────────┘ ╎ co'u: finish
co'i ╎ ba'o: after
╎ co'i: for the duration

Like basic tenses, they modify a selbri to create a new one:

Pattern: ZAhO SELBRI => SELBRI

mi <co'a <citka>> lo plise ku
────
"I'm starting to eat an apple."

mi pacna lo nu <co'u <carvi>> kei ku
────
"I wish for it to finish raining."

ko <de'a <tadni>>
────
"Take a break from studying."

mi <pu'o <sipna>>
────
"Its before my bedtime."

mi <ba'o <prami>> do
────
"My loving you has passed.""

=== Tensed Contours ===

If no basic tense is provided, <code>ca</code> or present-tense is assumed:

mi <ca <co'a <citka>> lo plise ku
── ────
"I'm starting to eat an apple"
"The present coincides with the start of my apple eating."

citka
╠═══╣
┊
⇜┬──────────┼──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

But how do the ZAhO contours interact with different CA tenses?

mi <pu <pu'o <sipna>>>
── ────
"It was before my bedtime."
"The past coincides with the runup to my bedtime."

sipna
┊ ╠═══╣
┊
⇜┼──────────┬──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

mi <ba <ba'o <prami>>> do
── ────
"My loving you will have passed."
"The future coincides with the aftermath of our love."

sipna
╠═══╣ ┊
┊
⇜┬──────────┬──────────┼⇝
Past Now Future

== Prepositions ==

Additional sumti places can be added to a bridi by importing them with
<code>fi'o</code>:

Pattern: fi'o SELBRI SUMTI => SUMTI

The x1 place of the specified selbri is added to the bridi and filled with the
specified sumti:

┌────────fi'o clause───────┐
mi citka lo titnanba ku fi'o <jukpa> [la rozgu ku]
"I'm eating the cookies baked by Rose"

=== Stage Additions ===

This can be understood in terms of the stage-play metaphor used
before. <code>fi'o</code> terms act as assistant directors adding additional roles:

STAGE:
mi citka lo titnanba ku fi'o jukpa la rozgu ku <= actors in the play
[eater] │ [meal] │ [cook] <= roles in the play
├───────┼──────────┤ ├─────────────┤
role1 director role2 asst. director jukpa-role

=== SE Prepositions ===

Any selbri is compatible and that includes ones modified by SE:

lo cinfo ku kalte fi'o se pilno lo kanla ku
"The lion hunts with its eyes."

lo kalte ku cizda'u fi'o te jvinu lo se citka ku
"The hunter is a monster from the perspective of the meal."

=== Spatial Prepositions ===

Some useful selbri for prepositions stating where the bridi takes place:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
se zvati │ located at
se jibni │ located near
se nenri │ located in
te ragve │ across from
se gapru │ above
se cpana │ ontop of
se cnita │ underneath
se sruri │ surrounding

=== Temporal Prepositions ===

A few selbri useful for prepositions denoting when a bridi takes place:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
tcika │ at time
detri │ on date
balvi │ before
cabna │ during
purci │ after

=== Causal Prepositions ===

Some selbri useful for propositions explaining how a bridi came about:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
mukti │ motivated by
rinka │ caused by
krinu │ justified by
jalge │ with result

=== BAI Prepositions ===

A small number of cmavo in the BAI family can be used for specifying useful
prepositions as a shortcut:

Pattern: BAI SUMTI => SUMTI

Just like <code>fi'o</code> prepositions each cmavo from the BAI family encodes a
particular sumti place:

selbri │ BAI │ gloss
───────────┼────────┼──────────────────
mukti │ mu'i │ motivated by
rinka │ ri'a │ caused by
krinu │ ki'u │ justified by
jalge │ ja'e │ with result
vanbi │ va'o │ under conditions
gasnu │ gau │ performed by
tadji │ ta'i │ with approach
catni │ ca'i │ by authority
cusku │ cu'u │ said by
se pilno │ sepi'o │ using tool

These can result in slightly more terse prepositional clauses:

┌─────BAI clause─────┐
lo cinfo ku kalte sepi'o [lo kanla ku]
"The lion hunts with its eyes."

== Miscellaneous additions ==

=== Indirect questions ===

The word <code>kau</code> in a fact "defuses" a preceding question word, and focuses that whole fact on the would-be answer.

Pattern: QUESTION_WORD kau => QUESTION_WORD

┌────indirect question───┐
la krili ku kucli lo du'u ma kau finti lo pemci ku kei ku
──────
"Crystal is curious as to who invented the poem."

┌──indirect question─┐
mi djuno lo du'u do cliva mu'i ma kau kei ku
──────
"I know why you left."

┌─indirect question─┐
mi na morji lo du'u xu kau misno kagni kei ku
──────
"I don't remember whether or not it was a famous company."

┌──indirect question──┐
mi na jimpe lo du'u lo nabmi ku mo kau mi kei ku
──────
"I don't understand what the issue has to do with me."

(If we don't add <code>kau</code>, the whole sentence is simply a complex question asking what fills <code>ma</code>, as before:)

la krili ku kucli lo du'u ma finti lo pemci ku kei ku.
──
"Who is it that Crystal is curious about them inventing the poem?"

=== Elliptical words ===

A couple of the classes of words we've handled have an "elliptical" member, with carry an intentionally unspecified meaning.

Using one of these means: "I assume the listener will know what I mean, so I don't have to specify exactly."

Think of words like "you-know-what", "thingy", et cetera.

word │ type │ gloss
─────────┼────────┼──────────────────────────
zo'e │ SUMTI │ unspecified argument (equivalent to not filling a place)
co'e │ SELBRI │ unspecified relation
do'e │ BAI │ unspecified preposition
ge'e │ UI │ unspecified emotion

These words are very useful when you don't know exactly which word to use, but it doesn't matter.

mi ba cusku zo'e la rozgu ku
────
"I'll tell Rose." (unspecified x2)

.au do co'e
────
"I want you to." (unspecified predicate)

ciska do'e lo latmo lerfu ku
────
"Write (in/with/…) Latin characters."

ge'e mi cliva
────
"Eh, I'm leaving." (unspecified emotion)

=== Some event involving… ===

There is also a word, <code>tu'a</code>, for building facts, events, or properties that involve a sumti in some unspecified manner.

Pattern: tu'a SUMTI => SUMTI

(Essentially, <code>tu'a SUMTI</code> is short for <code>lo (du'u/nu/ka) SUMTI co'e kei ku</code>.)

steba: x1 is frustrated about x2 (fact/event).

mi steba lo nu stodi gunka lo jibri ku ja'e lo mabla ku kei ku
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
"I'm frustrated by steadily working my job with crappy results."

mi steba tu'a lo jibri ku
────────────────
"I'm frustrated about my job."

lerci: x1 (event) happens late by x2's standards.

lo nu lo trene ku darca lo tcana ku kei ku lerci
──────────────────────────────────────────
"The train arriving at the station happens late."

tu'a lo trene ku lerci
────────────────
"The train is late."

=== Sumti raising ===

Let's take a closer look at the last example.

In Lojban, we can't say something like <code>lo trene ku lerci</code>. The only thing that can be late is some event in time, and a train is not an event!

So, we use <code>tu'a</code> to "wrap" <code>lo trene ku</code> in an abstraction. (Doing this is sometimes called ''sumti raising''.)

There is another word to help us do the same thing, namely <code>jai</code>.

Pattern: jai SELBRI => SELBRI

Instead of wrapping a sumti, it modifies a selbri's meaning to have a "wrapped" x1. These two are equivalent:

x1 jai SELBRI x2 x3 x4 …
≡ (tu'a x1) SELBRI x2 x3 x4 …

This becomes more useful once we combine it with <code>lo</code>.

nabmi = x1 (nu) poses a problem to x2.
jai nabmi = x1 (thing) is problematic to x2; as in, something abstract involving x1 is a problem to x2.

lo nabmi ku = a problem (event).
lo jai nabmi ku = something problematic (any type).

=== Dropping terminators ===

Those <code>ku</code>s and <code>kei</code>s are really starting to stack up. You can often omit them. For example at the end of a bridi:

mi troci lo nu darxi lo bolci ku kei ku
→ mi troci lo nu darxi lo bolci
"I try to hit the ball."

Or at the end of an inner bridi:

┌───inner bridi───┐
lo nu ponse lo fonxa ku kei ku xlali lo verba ku
→ lo nu ponse lo fonxa kei ku xlali lo verba
"Owning a phone is bad for kids."

You can drop <code>ku</code> if it is followed by a ''neighboring'' sumti in the current bridi:

mi canja lo jemna ku lo solji ku do
→ mi canja lo jemna lo solji do
"I trade gems in return for gold with you."

There are other cases where it's possible, but they're not as clear-cut.

la karda

2020-10-18T19:42:29Z

Cirko: /* Pluralities */ change to "quantities" to avoid confusion should the learner walk in on a xorlo discussion

{{Lojban StackExchange}}

== Preface ==

This is a distilled overview of the Lojban language.

Major concepts of the language are introduced by saying as much with as little as
possible.

That is to say:

* For each concept the most crucial aspects are presented
* However, some details may be glossed over or simplified
* Some details are only mentioned or explained by their mere appearance in example sentences. Look carefully!

''Finally, some aspects of Lojban are omitted entirely!''

However incomplete - the goal of the following is to present, in the most immediate and
expedient manner possible, a '''conceptualization''' of the language. Lojban is
characterized in many ways from being "logical" and "unambiguous" to "culturally
neutral". The characterization that this text aims to reveal is that Lojban is both
rational (it makes sense) and regular (it always works the same).

From this rationality and regularity comes a simplicity that makes Lojban easier to
learn than anyone really ever expects it to be at first.

'''Tip:'''

If you take the following passages at reading speed you will likely find
yourself lost in the forest very quickly. The slower you go, the better luck
you'll have at absorbing what it is trying to tell you.

In the end, if you're confused, use that as inspiration to dig deeper and you'll
be fine!

=== Special Thanks ===

A number of people have contributed to the creation of this document in various ways:

A general thanks goes to the entire IRC community, since it is the largest driver of
Lojban's on-going promotion and evolution.

Thanks goes to <code>la selpa'i ku</code> who's article on ZAhO was the inspiration for the section
on "Understanding Time" and has made a number of corrections to errors in this document
as well as helping along my own study of Lojban. And of course their many contributions
to the language itself.

Additional thanks to those who have contributed minor corrections:

la ilmen, la cirko, la kalmari, la gleki, la tsani, la lalxu

== Core Grammar ==

=== Parts of Language ===

In language there are three major parts:

nouns: the things we talk about

verbs: tell us what the nouns do

sentences: says something using nouns and verbs

=== Types of Words ===

Lojban only has two kinds of words:

particles: short words that perform grammar functions

verbs: tell us what nouns do

=== What about Nouns? ===

What about nouns?!

Hold that thought.

=== Standard Form ===

Every sentence follows the form:

i x1 VERB x2 x3 xN

<code>i</code> separates multiple sentences. The first noun appears before the verb, additional nouns follow the verb.

=== Verbs Say What Nouns Do ===

Verbs tell us what the nouns do:

dunda: x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3

[donor] dunda [gift] [benefactor]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

=== Simple Pro-nouns ===

Some particles act like pro-nouns:

mi - me, the speaker

do - you, the listener

ti - this, something nearby

=== Verbs and Nouns ===

Nouns can be put in the places and the verb says what they do:

mi dunda ti do
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"I give this to you."

=== Rearranging Nouns ===

Putting the nouns into different places changes what they do:

do* dunda ti mi*
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"You give this to me."

=== Converting Verbs to Nouns ===

The particles <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code> convert verbs to nouns from the x1
role:

Pattern: lo VERB ku => NOUN from x1

dunda: x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3
▼
verb
┌─┴─┐
lo dunda ku <== [donor] dunda [gift] [benefactor]
─────┬───── ├──────┼──────┼────────┤
noun x1 verb x2 x3

<code>lo dunda ku</code> creates a noun-description which refers to "a donor"

mi dunda ti lo dunda ku
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"I gave this to a donor."

=== Complex Sentences ===

Using multiple verbs, complex sentences can be formed:

mlatu: x1 is a cat

pinxe: x1 drinks beverage x2

ladru: x1 is milk

lo mlatu ku pinxe lo ladru ku
[drinker] │ [beverage]
├──────────┼─────────┤
x1 verb x2

"A cat drinks some milk."

=== The Drama of Language ===

The previous example can be thought of as a kind of stage-play, directed by the Verb
and starring the Nouns.

Breakfast Time, a play by Pinxe!

The Verb Director tells us what Roles are available and What Happens:

Pinxe says, "x1 drinks beverage x2"

Story Outline: [drinker] pinxe [beverage]

SCRIPT:
1. A Drinker drinks!
2. A Beverage is imbibed!

CAST:
The lead Drinker : lo mlatu ku (mlatu's x1 - "a cat")
The supporting Beverage: lo ladru ku (ladru's x1 - "some milk")

STAGE:
lo mlatu ku pinxe lo ladru ku <= actors in the play
[drinker] │ [beverage] <= roles in the play
├──────────┼─────────┤
role1 director role2

"A cat drinks some milk."

=== Rearranging Verbs ===

The particles of the SE family rearrange verbs:

Pattern: SE VERB => VERB'

The roles of the x1 and xN nouns, what they do, is swapped in the new modified verb:

klama: x1 travels to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 in vehicle x5

| X1 | VERB | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 |
| traveler | klama | destination | origin | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x2 | destination | se klama | traveler | origin | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x3 | origin | te klama | destination | traveler | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x4 | route | ve klama | destination | origin | traveler | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x5 | vehicle | xe klama | destination | origin | route | traveler |

se klama: to destination x1, traveler x2 goes from origin x3 via route x4 in vehicle x5
and so on..

=== SE In Action ===

These SE modified verbs are useful both in making nouns and as the main verb of
sentences:

fraxu: x1 forgives x2 for x3

vecnu: x1 sells x2 to buyer x3 for price x4

dakfu: x1 is a knife

lo se fraxu ku te vecnu lo dakfu ku
[buyer] | [goods]
└────────────┴───────────┘
"The forgiven buys a knife."

friti: x1 offers x2 to x3

xamgu: x1 is beneficial to x2

ginka: x1 is an encampment of x2

lo se friti ku xamgu lo se ginka ku
[benefit] | [beneficiary]
└───────────┴───────────┘
"The offering is good for the campers."

=== FA Labels ===

The FA family of particles allows for breaking the default noun ordering of sentences
without modifying the verb:

Pattern: FA NOUN => NOUN'

fa : x1 Each particle from the FA family
fe : x2 simply specifies what the following
fi : x3 noun is doing in the sentence. In
fo : x4 other words which role from the verb
fu : x5 it fills.

This allows putting all of the nouns after the verb:

dunda fa mi ti do - "I donate this to you"

Or skip some places entirely:

mi dunda fi do - "I donate to you"

Counting resumes from any FA particle:

fe ti dunda fa mi do - "I donate this to you"
──┬── ──┬── ─┐
x2 x1 x3

=== Cmavo and Brivla ===

Lojban has names for the two kinds of words that make up its dictionary:

"cmavo" - mi, ti, do, lo, ku
- small word that performs a grammatical function
- categorized into families

"brivla" : dunda, klama, mlatu, ladru
- a word that produces a grammatical verb
- has a definition with 1 or more noun roles

=== Selbri Sumti and Bridi ===

It also has names for the different parts of speech that come to life in lojban sentences:

"selbri" - the verb phrases central to sentences and nouns

"sumti" - the noun phrases that take on semantic roles

"bridi" - the combination of a selbri and its sumti

LEGEND:
<> - selbri verb
[] - sumti noun
{} - bridi statement

Notice how selbri verb phrases appear throughout:

lo <se <jdice>> ku <nandu> lo <sonci> ku

Sumti nouns are placed around the root selbri:

[lo se jdice ku] nandu [lo sonci ku]

And the whole structure, a selbri with its sumti, is a bridi:

{lo se jdice ku nandu lo sonci ku}

=== Tanru ===

By combining multiple consecutive independent selbri, a <code>tanru</code> or
compound-selbri verb can be created:

mi <<djica> <citka>> lo <plise> ku
"I want-eat an apple."

Two brivla <code>cidja</code> and <code>dunda</code> come together below to create a
compound-selbri inside a sumti:

Simple Selbri
┌───┴───┐
lo <<cidja> <dunda>> ku <prami> lo <prenu> ku
└───────┬───────┘
Selbri Tanru

"The food-donor loves people."

But what is the definition of a composite-selbri or tanru?

Tanru are metaphorical, so their full meaning is ambiguous. However, basic structure of
the definition is that of the '''right most''' selbri component:

gleki : x1 is happy about x2

cadzu : x1 walks on surface x2

gleki cadzu : x1 happy-walks on surface x2

What does "happy-walk" really mean? Only the speaker knows for sure!

== Conversation ==

=== Proper Nouns ===

Proper nouns are created by using <code>la</code> instead of <code>lo</code>:

mi prami lo rozgu ku
── ──
"I love roses."

mi prami la rozgu ku
── ──
"I love Rose."

Names are sumti just like any other.

=== Introductions ===

Introducing one's own self is done with the cmavo <code>mi'e</code>:

Pattern: mi'e NAME

mi'e la rozgu ku
────
"I'm Rose."

=== Greetings ===

Greeting another person is done with the cmavo <code>coi</code>:

Pattern: coi SUMTI

coi la rozgu ku
───
"Hello, Rose."

coi lo tadni ku
───
"Hello, student"

coi do
───
"Hello, you."

Or just, "coi"

=== Farewells ===

Farewells are offered with the cmavo <code>co'o</code>:

Pattern: co'o SUMTI

co'o la rozgu ku
────
"Goodbye, Rose."

=== Requesting Attention ===

Requests for attention are made with the cmavo <code>ju'i</code>:

Pattern: ju'i SUMTI

ju'i la rozgu ku
───
"Hey, Rose."

If multiple listeners paying attention you can address them individually with
<code>doi</code>:

Pattern: doi SUMTI
doi la mirli ku ko mipri
───
"Keep it secret, Moose"

=== Yes No Questions ===

"Yes or No" questions can be asked by using the <code>xu</code> cmavo:

i xu do citka lo plise ku
──
"Did you eat an apple?"

Notice that even though the sentence is now a question rather than a statement the
overall structure hasn't changed.

The <code>xu</code> is placed after the sentence separator <code>i</code> so as to apply to the whole
sentence equally. By placing <code>xu</code> after a specific word emphasis can be placed on it:

i do citka lo xu plise ku
──
"Was it an apple you ate?""

=== Yes No Answers ===

"Yes" and "No" answers can be supplied with the following replies:

In the affirmative, "go'i" is used:
Q: xu do citka lo plise ku
A: go'i
───
The denial is supplied by: na go'i

=== Sumti Questions ===

Sumti specific questions can be asked by using the <code>ma</code> cmavo in place of the sumti in question.

do citka ma
──
"What did you eat?"

ma catra ma
── ──
"Who killed who?"

To answer sumti questions simply state what fills the missing place:

lo plise ku

Or restate the question with the places filled in:

do catra mi

=== Selbri Questions ===

Selbri specific questions can be asked by using the <code>mo</code> cmavo in place of the selbri in question.

mo fa mi do ti
──
"What are we doing with this?"

do mo
──
"You are/doing what?"

do mo fengu mi
──
"What kind of angry are you at me?"

=== Attitude Questions ===

A special kind of question using the cmavo <code>pei</code> asks the listener to share
their feelings or disposition about some topic:

i pei mi cliva
───
"How do you feel about me leaving?"

"pei" is another word which can direct its emphasis by way of right-attachment:

i mi jukpa lo jipci ku pei
───
"How do you feel that its chicken that I cook.

=== Attitude Cmavo ===

In addition to making an explicit statement about one's self, an answer to
<code>pei</code> can be given with cmavo from the UI Family of "attitudinals".

ui - "I'm happy"

a'o - "I hope"

i'e - "I approve"

There are many attitudinals and they all express, in one way or another some aspect of
the speaker's disposition about the speech the attitudinal is appears in.

i ui do prami mi
──
"You love me, and I'm happy about it."

i a'o do snada
───
"I'm hopeful you succeed."

Like many other cmavo, UI attitudinals give emphasis to the part of speech they attach
to:

do pinxe lo birje ku e'u
───
"I suggest beer to be what you drink."

=== Attitude Ranges ===

Attitudinals have an inherent "range" or "intensity spectrum" which can be altered from
the default.

Without any modifier you get the default attitude. However, <code>nai</code> and other
cmavo can affect the sense of the UI cmavo:

ui cai - "I'm happy as possible"
ui sai - "I'm very happy"
ui - "I'm happy"
ui ru'e - "I'm kinda/sorta happy"
ui cu'i - "I'm neutral in my happiness"
ui nai - "I'm unhappy"
ui nai sai - "I'm very unhappy"

and so on...

=== Evidential Cmavo ===

A sub-family of the attitudinals, the UI2 Evidentials, express an epistemological
claim. In other words, how the speaker came to know or state whatever it is they are
saying:

i ti'e do nelci mi
────
"I hear rumored that you like me."

i pe'i lo plise ku xamgu
────
"It is my opinion that apples are beneficial."

i za'a do mutce xagji
────
"I observe that you are very hungry."

i ba'a la rozgu ku zvati lo zdani ku
────
"I expect Rose is at the house."

=== Discursive Cmavo ===

Another sub-family of the attitudinals, the UI3 "discursives" express the point or
purpose of a part of or a whole statement.

i do citka lo titla ku po'o
────
"You only eat sweets."

i ji'a mi nitcu lo jdini ku
────
"Also, I need money."

i si'a mi terpa lo jukni ku
────
"Similarly, I'm afraid of spiders."

i ku'i lo jenmi ku daspo
────
"However, armys are destructive."

=== Humor ===

Having a sense of humor is key to any conversation:

Sarcasm:
i xo'o lo se platu ku banli
────
"Oh jeeze, great plan."

i xo'o nai lo skaci ku melbi
────────
"Seriously, that skirt is beautiful."

Levity:
i zo'o se ckaji do
────
"Ho! Typical you."

i zo'o nai mi nelci lo cutci
────
"I do like these shoes..."

Amusement:
i u'i xu do mulno
───
"Haha, are you done yet?"

i u'i nai xu do mulno
───────
"Yea.. are you done yet?"

=== Changing the Subject ===

If things get tense you can always change the subject with <code>ta'o</code>:

i ta'o do klama ma
────
"By the way, where are you going?"

You can also return to a previous topic by adding <code>nai</code>:

i ta'o nai mi'o casnu ma
────────
"Returning, what were we discussing?"

=== Requests and Commands ===

Ultimately if things go completely sour you may have to request your interlocutor to
leave:

i e'o do cliva
───
"Please, you leave."

Or if they have been particularly offensive you might demand it!

i ko cliva
──
"I implore you to leave."

Any command is possible by using "ko" in place of the normal "do".

== Sumti Manipulation ==

=== Saying "and" and "or" ===

To make statements about different sumti at the same time the connective cmavo
<code>je</code> can be used:

Pattern: SUMTI je SUMTI => SUMTI'

i mi nelci [[lo plise ku] je [lo perli ku]]
──
"I like apples and pears."

Similarly, <code>ja</code> can be used for "or":

i ko cuxna [[lo dakfu ku] ja [lo mruli ku]]
──
"Pick the knife or the spear"

=== Grouping ===

To group multiple sumti together to say that they do something together,
<code>jo'u</code> can be used:

Pattern: SUMTI jo'u SUMTI => SUMTI'

i [[mi] jo'u [do]] bevri lo pipno
────
"You and I carry the piano"

i mi se catra [[lo fagri ku] jo'u [lo bisli ku]]
────
"I was killed by fire and ice."

=== Ownership ===

To associate one sumti with another by way of ownership the cmavo <code>po</code> is
used:

Pattern: SUMTI po SUMTI => SUMTI'

i [[lo karce ku] po [mi]] spofu
──
"My car is broken."

i ko cpacu [[lo ckiku ku] po [do]]
──
"Go get your keys."

=== Association ===

For a weaker association than ownership you can use <code>pe</code>:

Pattern: SUMTI pe SUMTI => SUMTI'

i mi vasxu [[lo vacri ku] pe [do]]
──
"I'm breathing your air."

i ko zutse [[lo stizu ku] pe [mi]]
──
"Sit in my chair."

=== Quantities ===

To specify how many of a sumti there are, a number can be placed before the sumti:

Pattern: PA SUMTI => SUMTI'

Numbers:
no pa re ci vo mu xa ze bi so
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

i mi viska [mu [lo bakni ku]]
──
"I see 5 cows."

i mi se raktu [so so [lo nabmi ku]]
─────
"I am troubled by 99 problems."

=== Subjective Numbers ===

Other kinds of "subjective numbers" exist too which are pretty handy:

i xu do citka [du'e [lo plise ku]]
────
"Did you eat too many apples?"

so'u lo plise ku - "a few apples"
so'o lo plise ku - "several apples"
so'i lo plise ku - "many apples"
so'e lo plise ku - "most of the apples"
ro lo plise ku - "all the apples"
rau lo plise ku - "enough apples"
mo'a lo plise ku - "not enough apples"
da'a ci lo plise ku - "all but three apples"

== Selbri Manipulation ==

=== Negation and Affirmation ===

Most selbri manipulation is performed via prefix cmavo. For example negation is done
with <code>na</code>:

Pattern: NA SELBRI => SELBRI'

i mi <na <xagji>>
──
"I'm not hungry"

On the flip-side you can say something is certain:

i mi <ja'a <xagji>>
────
"I am definitely hungry"

=== Scaling Relevance ===

Other cmavo have related effects which specify how strongly the selbri is applied:

i mi <no'e <xagji>>
────
"I'm not really that hungry."

i mi <to'e <xagji>>
────
"I'm full!"

=== Saying "and" and "or" ===

Similarly to sumti, selbri can be joined with the very same connective words:

i mi <<tatpi> je <xagji>>
──
"I'm tired and hungry"

i mi'o e'u <<citka> ja <cliva>>.
──
"We should eat or leave."

=== Tense ===

While Lojban bridi don't have any implicit tense, selbri can be modified to have such
tense:

mi <pu <viska>> do
──
"I saw you."

mi <ca <viska>> do
──
"I see you."

mi <ba <viska>> do
──
"I will see you."

=== Temporal Distance ===

In addition to direction, temporal distance can also be provided:

mi <pu zi <viska>> do
──
"I just saw you!"

mi <pu za <viska>> do
──
"I saw you a while ago."

mi <pu zu <viska>> do
──
"It has been a long while since I've seen you."

=== Proximity ===

Selbri can also be modified in terms of spatial proximity:

mi <vi <viska>> do
──
"I saw you right here!"

mi <va <viska>> do
──
"I saw you nearby."

mi <vu <viska>> do
──
"I saw you elsewhere."

=== Preloading ===

Selbri can be "pre-injected" with a sumti, removing a sumti place from the definition,
with the <code>be</code> cmavo:

Pattern: SELBRI be SUMTI => SELBRI'

dunda : x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3
dunda be lo plise ku : x1 donates apples to beneficiary x2

By default <code>be</code> injects a sumti into the x2 place, but the FA family can be
used to specify which place should be filled:

vecnu be fi lo jecta ku : x1 sells x2 to the state

Multiple sumti places may be filled, separated by <code>bei</code>:

vecnu be lo xarci ku bei lo jecta ku : x1 sells weapons to the state

=== Preloaded Sumti ===

Note that <code>be</code> forms a new selbri even though it incorporates a sumti:

┌──────new selbri──────────┐
<<vecnu> be [lo xarci ku]> = x1 sells weapons to x2
│ │
base selbri injected sumti

This is a little strange when used as the main verb of a sentence:

(who) (sells guns) (the state)
ma <vecnu be lo xarci ku> lo jecta ku
[seller] │ [buyer]
└─────────────────┴─────────────────┘

<code>lo xarci ku</code> could just have been provided as x2 to a normal
<code>vecnu</code>. The <code>be</code> appears unnessecary. However, this is very
useful for creating interesting sumti!

┌───preloaded selbri─────┐
mi tavla [lo <<vecnu> be [lo xarci ku]> ku]
"I talk to the seller of weapons.

ko na lebna [lo <<sidbo> be fi [mi]> ku]
"Don't you take ideas of mine."

This is far more explicit than using <code>pe</code> or <code>po</code>.

== Subordination ==

=== Facts ===

Similar to the transformation of selbri into sumti the same can be done for whole bridi
into selbri with the help of <code>du'u</code> and <code>kei</code>:

Pattern: du'u BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The definition of such a selbri is something like:

x1 is the fact represented by the inner bridi

┌───fact selbri────┐
du'u do prami mi kei = x1 is the fact that: you love me
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

Adding <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code>, the selbri is transformed into a sumti
allowing one to talk about the fact inside:

[lo <du'u {do prami mi} kei> ku] = "the fact that you love me"

These nested fact sumti can be used as any other:

┌───fact selbri────┐
mi djuno [lo du'u do prami mi kei ku]
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

"I know that you love me."

=== Events ===

Where <code>du'u</code> gets at the truth of a matter, <code>nu</code> can emphasize
the time and location in which a bridi takes place:

Pattern: nu BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The definition of such a selbri is something like:

x1 is the event described by the inner Bridi

┌──fact selbri───┐
nu do speni mi kei = x1 is the event of: you are married to me
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

Just like with <code>du'u</code> these <code>nu</code> selbri can be turned into sumti
with <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code>:

[lo <nu {do speni mi} kei> ku] = "the event of our marriage"

And can be incorporated into larger sentences:

┌──fact selbri───┐
mi djica [lo nu do speni mi kei ku]
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

"I desire our marriage."

=== Properties ===

A third word, <code>ka</code> can also create a selbri from a bridi much like
<code>du'u</code> and <code>nu</code>:

Pattern: ka BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The bridi must contain at least one <code>ce'u</code> sumti:

┌───────property selbri────────┐
mi cnici [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└────────────┬────────────┘
inner bridi

The <code>ce'u</code> has no meaning of its own. The selbri that receives the property
specifies what it refers to. In this case, it is <code>cnici</code> taking the property
as its x2.

The definition of <code>cnici</code> is:

x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property x2

And so it is the x1, or <code>mi</code>, who is orderly in the eating of cookies.

mi cnici [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└───────┬────────┘
bound sumti

"I am orderly in the eating of cookies."

The <code>ce'u</code> can appear anywhere in the inner bridi:

do cinmo [lo ka la mam ku vajni ce'u kei ku]
└──────────────┬─────────────────┘
bound sumti

"You feel the emotion of Mother being important to you."

Some selbri words make comparative statements:

zmadu: x1 is more than x2 in property x3

do zmadu mi [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└────────────┬────────────┘
inner bridi

do citka lo titnanba ku "is more than" mi citka lo titnanba ku

"You are more than me in the eating of cookies."
"You eat more cookies than me."

Numerous property relations exist within the Lojban lexicon.

=== Relative Phrases ===

Additional information about a sumti can be provided by attaching a bridi to it with
<code>noi</code>:

Pattern: SUMTI noi BRIDI ku'o => SUMTI'

Similarly to the properties created with <code>ka</code>, <code>noi</code> bridi have a
stand-in word <code>ke'a</code>:

ko penmi la rozgu ku noi mi prami ke'a ku'o
└──────┬──────┘
inner bridi

Meet Rose, who I love.

The <code>noi</code> bridi is attached to <code>la rozgu ku</code> and so it is her to
whom <code>ke'a</code> refers to.

If the information is not merely incidental but nessecary to discern which thing is
being talking about <code>poi</code> can be used instead:

ko penmi lo bruna ku poi mi prami ke'a ku'o
└──────┬──────┘
inner bridi

Meet the brother I love (compared to whichever I don't.)

== Understanding Time ==

The basic tenses <code>pu</code>, <code>ca</code> and <code>ba</code> were covered
previously but there is a bit more to say about time.

=== Basic Tenses ===

The tense for stating something is currently happening is <code>ca</code>:

mi ca citka
──
"I am currently eating."

Another way of stating this (which will be helpful later) is:

"The present coincides with my eating."

citka
⇜┬──────────┼──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

How about the other tenses?

mi pu pensi
──
"I was thinking."

"The past coincides with my thinking."

pensi
⇜├──────────┬──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

do ba jimpe
──
"You will understand."

"The future coincides with your understanding."

jimpe
⇜┬──────────┬──────────┤⇝
Past Now Future

=== Event Contours ===

All events have a "temporal extent" or lifetime. It is often useful to describe the
various events "within" an event. The ZAhO family of tenses can be used for accessing
them:

╎ pu'o: before
pu'o ═══════════╣ ╠════════════ ba'o ╎ co'a: the outset
co'a de'a di'a co'u ╎ de'a: break
╎ di'a: resumption
└───────────┬─────────────┘ ╎ co'u: finish
co'i ╎ ba'o: after
╎ co'i: for the duration

Like basic tenses, they modify a selbri to create a new one:

Pattern: ZAhO SELBRI => SELBRI

mi <co'a <citka>> lo plise ku
────
"I'm starting to eat an apple."

mi pacna lo nu <co'u <carvi>> kei ku
────
"I wish for it to finish raining."

ko <de'a <tadni>>
────
"Take a break from studying."

mi <pu'o <sipna>>
────
"Its before my bedtime."

mi <ba'o <prami>> do
────
"My loving you has passed.""

=== Tensed Contours ===

If no basic tense is provided, <code>ca</code> or present-tense is assumed:

mi <ca <co'a <citka>> lo plise ku
── ────
"I'm starting to eat an apple"
"The present coincides with the start of my apple eating."

citka
╠═══╣
┊
⇜┬──────────┼──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

But how do the ZAhO contours interact with different CA tenses?

mi <pu <pu'o <sipna>>>
── ────
"It was before my bedtime."
"The past coincides with the runup to my bedtime."

sipna
┊ ╠═══╣
┊
⇜┼──────────┬──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

mi <ba <ba'o <prami>>> do
── ────
"My loving you will have passed."
"The future coincides with the aftermath of our love."

sipna
╠═══╣ ┊
┊
⇜┬──────────┬──────────┼⇝
Past Now Future

== Prepositions ==

Additional sumti places can be added to a bridi by importing them with
<code>fi'o</code>:

Pattern: fi'o SELBRI SUMTI => SUMTI

The x1 place of the specified selbri is added to the bridi and filled with the
specified sumti:

┌────────fi'o clause───────┐
mi citka lo titnanba ku fi'o <jukpa> [la rozgu ku]
"I'm eating the cookies baked by Rose"

=== Stage Additions ===

This can be understood in terms of the stage-play metaphor used
before. <code>fi'o</code> terms act as assistant directors adding additional roles:

STAGE:
mi citka lo titnanba ku fi'o jukpa la rozgu ku <= actors in the play
[eater] │ [meal] │ [cook] <= roles in the play
├───────┼──────────┤ ├─────────────┤
role1 director role2 asst. director jukpa-role

=== SE Prepositions ===

Any selbri is compatible and that includes ones modified by SE:

lo cinfo ku kalte fi'o se pilno lo kanla ku
"The lion hunts with its eyes."

lo kalte ku cizda'u fi'o te jvinu lo se citka ku
"The hunter is a monster from the perspective of the meal."

=== Spatial Prepositions ===

Some useful selbri for prepositions stating where the bridi takes place:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
se zvati │ located at
se jibni │ located near
se nenri │ located in
te ragve │ across from
se gapru │ above
se cpana │ ontop of
se cnita │ underneath
se sruri │ surrounding

=== Temporal Prepositions ===

A few selbri useful for prepositions denoting when a bridi takes place:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
tcika │ at time
detri │ on date
balvi │ before
cabna │ during
purci │ after

=== Causal Prepositions ===

Some selbri useful for propositions explaining how a bridi came about:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
mukti │ motivated by
rinka │ caused by
krinu │ justified by
jalge │ with result

=== BAI Prepositions ===

A small number of cmavo in the BAI family can be used for specifying useful
prepositions as a shortcut:

Pattern: BAI SUMTI => SUMTI

Just like <code>fi'o</code> prepositions each cmavo from the BAI family encodes a
particular sumti place:

selbri │ BAI │ gloss
───────────┼────────┼──────────────────
mukti │ mu'i │ motivated by
rinka │ ri'a │ caused by
krinu │ ki'u │ justified by
jalge │ ja'e │ with result
vanbi │ va'o │ under conditions
gasnu │ gau │ performed by
tadji │ ta'i │ with approach
catni │ ca'i │ by authority
cusku │ cu'u │ said by
se pilno │ sepi'o │ using tool

These can result in slightly more terse prepositional clauses:

┌─────BAI clause─────┐
lo cinfo ku kalte sepi'o [lo kanla ku]
"The lion hunts with its eyes."

== Miscellaneous additions ==

=== Indirect questions ===

The word <code>kau</code> in a fact "defuses" a preceding question word, and focuses that whole fact on the would-be answer.

Pattern: QUESTION_WORD kau => QUESTION_WORD

┌────indirect question───┐
la krili ku kucli lo du'u ma kau finti lo pemci ku kei ku
──────
"Crystal is curious as to who invented the poem."

┌──indirect question─┐
mi djuno lo du'u do cliva mu'i ma kau kei ku
──────
"I know why you left."

┌─indirect question─┐
mi na morji lo du'u xu kau misno kagni kei ku
──────
"I don't remember whether or not it was a famous company."

┌──indirect question──┐
mi na jimpe lo du'u lo nabmi ku mo kau mi kei ku
──────
"I don't understand what the issue has to do with me."

(If we don't add <code>kau</code>, the whole sentence is simply a complex question asking what fills <code>ma</code>, as before:)

la krili ku kucli lo du'u ma finti lo pemci ku kei ku.
──
"Who is it that Crystal is curious about them inventing the poem?"

=== Elliptical words ===

A couple of the classes of words we've handled have an "elliptical" member, with carry an intentionally unspecified meaning.

Using one of these means: "I assume the listener will know what I mean, so I don't have to specify exactly."

Think of words like "you-know-what", "thingy", et cetera.

word │ type │ gloss
─────────┼────────┼──────────────────────────
zo'e │ SUMTI │ unspecified argument (equivalent to not filling a place)
co'e │ SELBRI │ unspecified relation
do'e │ BAI │ unspecified preposition
ge'e │ UI │ unspecified emotion

These words are very useful when you don't know exactly which word to use, but it doesn't matter.

mi ba cusku zo'e la rozgu ku
────
"I'll tell Rose." (unspecified x2)

.au do co'e
────
"I want you to." (unspecified predicate)

ciska do'e lo latmo lerfu ku
────
"Write (in/with/…) Latin characters."

ge'e mi cliva
────
"Eh, I'm leaving." (unspecified emotion)

=== Some event involving… ===

There is also a word, <code>tu'a</code>, for building facts, events, or properties that involve a sumti in some unspecified manner.

Pattern: tu'a SUMTI => SUMTI

(Essentially, <code>tu'a SUMTI</code> is short for <code>lo (du'u/nu/ka) SUMTI co'e kei ku</code>.)

steba: x1 is frustrated about x2 (fact/event).

mi steba lo nu stodi gunka lo jibri ku ja'e lo mabla ku kei ku
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
"I'm frustrated by steadily working my job with crappy results."

mi steba tu'a lo jibri ku
────────────────
"I'm frustrated about my job."

lerci: x1 (event) happens late by x2's standards.

lo nu lo trene ku darca lo tcana ku kei ku lerci
──────────────────────────────────────────
"The train arriving at the station happens late."

tu'a lo trene ku lerci
────────────────
"The train is late."

=== Sumti raising ===

Let's take a closer look at the last example.

In Lojban, we can't say something like <code>lo trene ku lerci</code>. The only thing that can be late is some event in time, and a train is not an event!

So, we use <code>tu'a</code> to "wrap" <code>lo trene ku</code> in an abstraction. (Doing this is sometimes called ''sumti raising''.)

There is another word to help us do the same thing, namely <code>jai</code>.

Pattern: jai SELBRI => SELBRI

Instead of wrapping a sumti, it modifies a selbri's meaning to have a "wrapped" x1. These two are equivalent:

x1 jai SELBRI x2 x3 x4 …
≡ (tu'a x1) SELBRI x2 x3 x4 …

This becomes more useful once we combine it with <code>lo</code>.

nabmi = x1 (nu) poses a problem to x2.
jai nabmi = x1 (thing) is problematic to x2; as in, something abstract involving x1 is a problem to x2.

lo nabmi ku = a problem (event).
lo jai nabmi ku = something problematic (any type).

=== Dropping terminators ===

Those <code>ku</code>s and <code>kei</code>s are really starting to stack up. You can often omit them. For example at the end of a bridi:

mi troci lo nu darxi lo bolci ku kei ku
→ mi troci lo nu darxi lo bolci
"I try to hit the ball."

Or at the end of an inner bridi:

┌───inner bridi───┐
lo nu ponse lo fonxa ku kei ku xlali lo verba ku
→ lo nu ponse lo fonxa kei ku xlali lo verba
"Owning a phone is bad for kids."

You can drop <code>ku</code> if it is followed by a ''neighboring'' sumti in the current bridi:

mi canja lo jemna ku lo solji ku do
→ mi canja lo jemna lo solji do
"I trade gems in return for gold with you."

There are other cases where it's possible, but they're not as clear-cut.

jvajvo

2020-10-12T09:41:58Z

Cirko: Redirected page to seljvajvo

#REDIRECT [[seljvajvo]]

LLG 2007 Annual Meeting Minutes

2018-02-05T15:32:59Z

Cirko: /* The xorlo Discussion */ format quote as quote

== Minutes of the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Members of The Logical Language Group, Inc. ==

The 2007 Annual Meeting of the Members of The Logical Language
Group, Inc. was called to order on Sat, 6 Oct 2007 19:50:59 UTC -0700.
It was conducted on the llg-members mailing list.

==Carry Forward: Bits That Should Be Paid Attention To For The Next Meeting==

* A request was made to actually perform a roll call; the suggested method is to just limit the roll call time to 5 days or so and call anyone who doesn't respond in that time "not present".
* It is worth mentioning that xorlo was added to the zasni gafyfantymanri last year.
* It is worth mentioning that we started talking about trying to make a presence on amazon.com because people were selling the CLL for $LOTS. No conclusion or action occured; we might want to pick this one back up.

==No Longer Members==

* Gary Burgess (resigned during the meeting)

==Non-Participatory Members==

* Desquilbet, Jerome
* Dyke, Gregory
* Hodges, John B.
* Le Du, Yann
* Nicholas, Nick
* O'Sullivan, Paul Francis
* Speer, Rob
* Turner, Robin

==Roll Call==

Roll call was waived, as all members were believed to have valid
e-mail addresses on the list. A list of members who actually
participated (commented or voted) is as follows:

* Gary Burgess (resigned during the meeting)

* Abbat, Pierre
* [http://www.nemorathwald.com/ Arnold, Matt]
* Barton, Dave
* [http://mercury.ccil.org/~cowan/ Cowan, John]
* Daniel, Craig
* [http://arj.nvg.org/ Johansen, Arnt Richard]
* [http://www.miranda.org/~jkominek/ Kominek, Jay F]
* LeChevalier, Nora
* LeChevalier, Robert
* Llambias, Jorge
* [http://www.digitalkingdom.org/~rlpowell/ Powell, Robin Lee]
* Reed, Theodore
* Rosta, And
* [http://web.meson.org/ Shoulson, Mark]
* [http://xiron.pc.helsinki.fi/people/vilva/ Vilva, Veijo]
* Weeks, Stephen
* Whitlock, Tommy

==Reading of Minutes==

Deferred by providing a link for people to read at their leisure.

http://www.lojban.org/tiki/LLG+2006+Annual+Meeting+Minutes&bl

==Officer's Reports==

Accepted by acclamation.

==President's Report==

<pre>Executive summary: with the exception of the BPFK's lack of progress, things
are going better than ever in Lojbanistan.

- Logfest 2006 took place at Philcon in Philadelphia from November 17-19, and
was an outstanding success. The turnout was the largest ever since Logfest was
moved out of the LeChevaliers' house.

- Sometime around December 1st, Lojban was the subject of the webcomic XKCD
(http://xkcd.com/191/), which resulted in a lot of people in our target
audience to learn of our existence.

- Very recently, Robin modified the editing system of Jbovlaste so that all
registered users can edit any data. This has resulted in a surge of activity,
and we hope this level of activity will continue.

- There has been some progress on the Attitudinals checkpoint of BPFK, but we
are currently stuck on account of one or more controversies regarding the
semantics of some irrealis attitudinals.

- The IRC channel #lojban on freenode is thriving, with 47 nicks present at the
moment. (For those of you not familiar with IRC, or only familiar with IRC as
it was ten years ago, this does not mean that they are active talkers. It is
common to have one's IRC client connected 24/7, and only checking up on it
occasionally.) Per the suggestion of Theodore Reed, off-topic banter in English
among the regulars has been split off into #jbopre, in an attempt to not scare
off the newbies. (And to hide the fact that Lojban's vocabulary isn't up to
talking about anything. ::^) )

- jbobac, the lojbanic audiobord, has been established at
http://jbobac.lojban.org/ by Timo Paulssen. While this may look like a
frivolous enterprise at first glance, we have now obtained a free repository of
various Lojban speech samples. As Robin pointed out, almost without noticing
it, we are now able to provide Lojban learners with the one teaching resource
they want the most.

- Matt's LojbanQuest game design has been partially implemented with the help
of Robin and others. The combat system is now being playtested. Playing the
game is fun, instructional, and provides a pool of example sentences for BPFK,
which helps with what most BPFK commissioners say is the most difficult part of
their job.

</pre>

==Treasurer's Report==

<pre>As of the end of August, the bank account balanced at $5,467.11, and
the PayPal account balanced at $209.26.

Having said that, I've agreed to cut Bob a cheque for all but $100
of his remaining balance: after that clears, the bank balance will
be (approximately) $3,400.

All book orders that I'm aware of have been filled. Bob has
improved in both turn around time and responsiveness in the last 6
months.

Bob has asked for a bit of an account of CLL orders over the last
few years, so here we go:

2007, so far: 20
2006: 30
2005: 27
2004: 16

After that my records don't work anymore; the 2004 number is in fact
a bit suspect, but only a bit. I'm actually surprised by the 2007
number; I thought it was higher.

This is also my report to the board for 2Q2006.

Main account balance at this time (more or less) last year: $2,264.80
Main account balance: $3,823.31
Main account balance according to QuickBooks: $3,721.60

Still not sure where the extra money came from, but dealing with
Wachovia is so difficult I no longer much care.

PayPal account balances; current balance is $46.79

That means we have a total of:

$3870.10

In addition, the Treasurer has not missed or been late for a single
quarterly report this year, a fact of which he is quite proud.
</pre>

==Secretary's Report==

<pre>I was (very) late with the minutes for last year; sorry about that.

I seem to recall that Bob has had a couple of contact events over
the year, but this is the only one I can currently remember:

After 20 years, I have had the first serious request for access
to the archives.

Linguist Arika Okrent, who attended Logfest last year, is
writing a book on artificial languages. One chapter will
apparently deal with Loglan and Lojban, and she has requested
access to our archived materials, especially for stuff on JCB
and his expressed ideas. She's coming next Tuesday, and
hopefully I will have cleaned up the accumulation enough that it
will seem more like an archive than an accumulation, and that I
can supply her with what she needs.

I still think that's very cool, and would like to hear how it works
out.

Also, Bob asked me to share some statistical information about the
mailing lists and other Lojbanic activity, so here we go; copied
verbatim.

On Thu, May 24, 2007 at 11:01:27PM -0400, Bob LeChevalier wrote:
> A thread on alt.languages.artificial has Don Harlow posting
> statistics on membership and postings on various conlang mailing
> lists.
>
> Can you reasonably easily give me for each of our two main lists
> Lojban List and Lojban beginners list

> a) number of list members

457 for the main list

413 for the beginner's list

(both are probably a couple off due to admin accounts and such)

> b) number of postings so far in 2007

417 for the main list

1590 for the beginner's list

I make no particular representation of absolute accuracy for those
either.

> c) as a bonus because I think it is significant (some of the lists
> he mentions probably have lots of members who are subscribed but
> filtering and not actually reading and participating in the list),
> number of different posters (distinct email addresses used for
> posting is sufficient)

62 for the main list

67 for the beginner's list

104 unique between the two (which is higher than I'd have
suspected).

Again, this is all so far in 2007.

> If you can easily determine how many of the subscribers there are
> to the two lists combined, that might also be useful, since our
> true mailing list population is the union of the two lists.

Trivial.

685 unique subscriber addresses between the two lists.

> Since I haven't been paying attention but believe it has been
> discussed, what are the major current activities on line for live
> spoken Lojban, and can you give me URLs and approximate frequency
> of something actually taking place?

http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Lojbanic+Forums&bl

IRC: Continuous

The MOO: Quite rare these days, I'm sorry to say; as much my fault
as any.

The website itself: Someone besides me edits a page every couple of
days, maybe.

jbovlaste: Varies wildly.

The BFPK: Almost none.

Voice Chat:
http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Story+Time+With+Uncle+Robin&bl
happened a number of times, with good results; I've now moved on to
running
http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tarci%20jamna%20dracyselkei
which has only run once so far

Nothing else comes immediately to mind.

-Robin
</pre>

==Committee Reports==

Accepted by acclamation.

==BPFK==

<pre>Nothing of significance has occured over the last year that I'm aware of. The
fact that something on the order of 4 people ever contribute is relevant here.
</pre>

==Election of New Members==

None.

==Removal of Old Members==

* Gary Burgess resigned during the meeting

==Election of the Board==

* Robin Lee Powell
* Robert LeChevalier
* Matt Arnold
* Arnt Richard Johansen
* John Cowan

==Old Business==

None.

==New Business==

==The xorlo Discussion==

Robin Lee Powell moved that the membership recognize xorlo.

<blockquote>Specifically, I move that the membership assert that xorlo is more correct than the CLL at this time, that whatever the BPFK come up with xorlo will be part of it, and that new Lojbanists should be taught it as soon as possible.</blockquote>

There was a great deal of discussion.

The following proposal eventually passed:

<pre>1) The following procedures are added to the extant BPFK procedures:

"Any proposal which at least half of the BPFK membership has
voted on in a tentative vote with none voting against, may be
submitted by the BPFKJ to the general membership as a possible
piece of the zasni gafyfantymanri ("interim baseline", herein
after referred to as the ZG). Such a proposal requires a
two-thirds majority of those voting to vote in favor of it at
the general membership meeting in order to pass.

Voting something into the ZG has the following effects:

1. The proposal will be considered correct Lojban until such a
time the complete new baseline is established and approved by
the membership. Usage according to the CLL standard will not be
considered incorrect, but usage according to the ZG will be
preferred.

2. The BPFK will recognize that such a vote indicates a desire
by the membership for the proposal in question to be included,
in modified form if necessary, when the new baseline is
finished. Such a desire will not be considered binding in any
way.

3. The membership is encouraged to use the ZG standard in all
pedagogical contexts, and in all Lojban conversation.

The ZG will last only until the entire new baseline is written
by the BPFK and approved by the membership."
</pre>

In addition, xorlo was added to the zasni gafyfantymanri

==Book Sales Discussion==

There was discussion of both Amazon in specific and CLL sales in
general. No conclusion was reached as far as I can tell.

* Previous meeting: [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/LLG+2006+Annual+Meeting+Minutes 2006 annual meeting]
* Following meeting: [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/LLG+Meeting+Summary+2008 2008 annual meeting]

----

Note: The [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Bylaws+of+The+Logical+Language+Group%2C+Inc. bylaws] note an amendment to article 3, section 4 that was passed at this meeting, but which are not included in these minutes.

Morphology proposals

2017-12-31T18:45:50Z

Cirko: dragau su'o toldra

This is a grab bag of changes to the
[[BPFK Section: Formal Morphology|morphology]] grammar that people have
considered over the years. Unless noted otherwise, [[BPFK]]'s working
morphology, as implemented by
[http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes.html ilmentufa], is used as a
baseline for describing the proposals. See also
[[Talk:controversial points in the morphology|this discussion]] from when the
BPFK morphology was first being developed.

== CyC syllables as alternative or replacement for consonantal syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others. Rationale: some speakers find
syllabic consonants difficult to pronounce or to distinguish from -yC-
sequences.

xorxes's [[zasni gerna cenba vreji#syllabic consonants|original proposal]] was
to allow these syllables only for [[type 3 fu'ivla]] hyphens; more recent
variants have no such restriction.

'''Newly grammatical''': sin'''cyr'''boua, sip'''nyb'''zu

brivla_head = !cmavo !slinkuhi !h &syllable unstressed_syllable*
# Change y to y_hyphen in every y-rafsi rule
y_hyphen = y &onset
stress = (consonant / glide)* h? y? coda? syllable pause
consonantal_syllable = onset y coda / consonant &syllabic coda

'''In the wild'''

{{irci|len=10|durka|suf=(2008)|xu cirla '''cidjrbyrga'''}}
{{irci|len=10|jukni|suf=(2010)|lo '''juknynba''' cu mutce kukte}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i do co'e ca lo '''xo'yldei'''}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2014)|pe'i lo '''saltyrkaisara''' mi cnino .i ca lo cabdei mi citka lo salta be lo laktuka jo'u lo tamca jo'u lo clazme .i no'e cinri .i ku'i mi na pante}}
{{irci|len=10|lablanu|suf=(2015)|mi ca '''gugylsisku''' .i mi na facki no da}}
{{irci|len=10|Amnadya|suf=(2015)|.i so'o '''gernyrkasu''' cu srana zo ca}}
{{irci|len=10|fegmese|suf=(2016)|ti'e zmadu so'a drata '''linyksu''' lo ka lo pilno be ce'u cu nitcu lo ka kurji ... ri xu}}

== Removing or simplifying the slinkuhi rules ==

Proposed by many and made official in TLI [[Loglan]]. Rationale is that
[[slinku'i]] in its current form makes the morphology unnecessarily hard to learn
and use in fluent speech. Also often part of calls to
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi do away with assigned rafsi],
since slinkuhi exists to favour words made of those.

=== Killing .oisai'yvla (brivla rafsi merger) ===

The least radical of the slinku'i proposals. '''sai'yvla''' would become a
valid word, removing the only instance where a string beginning with a single
consonant can be a slinku'i.

'''Newly grammatical''': sai'yvla

'''No longer grammatical''': .oisai'yvla (would parse as two words)

initial_rafsi = !slihykru extended_rafsi / y_rafsi / !any_fuhivla_rafsi y_less_rafsi !any_fuhivla_rafsi
any_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla / fuhivla_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_extended_rafsi = stressed_hy_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
extended_rafsi = hy_rafsi / fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla_head stressed_syllable consonantal_syllable* onset y
fuhivla_rafsi = &unstressed_syllable fuhivla_head onset y h?
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) h y onset
hy_rafsi = (long_rafsi unstressed_vowel / CCV_rafsi / CVV_rafsi) h y h?

=== slinku'i only on word-final or -'y short rafsi ===

This is what Loglan has implemented, and what Lojbanists usually mean by
"getting rid of slinku'i". '''sporte''' would become a valid word, but not
'''sli'a''', so that CVV and CV'V rafsi behave identically with regards to
hyphen requirements. Some also propose that sequences like '''dja'y-''' remain
as slinku'i so that brivla rafsi like '''-uidja'y-''' stay valid.

'''Newly grammatical''': sporte zdanco'o klesnai krinju

'''No longer grammatical''': .esporte .adjunte .asfalte bavlamdei faglitki .islenska lojbangirzu

slinkuhi = consonant CVV_final_rafsi
# Plus the changes above and optionally removal of the slihykru rule

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|mi nelci lo lenku '''djarpitsa'''}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i bazibo lo '''cridrimpe''' cu renro lo bolci be lo fagri mi}}
{{irci|len=10|latros|suf=(2011)|.i ro da poi ke'a '''cmacrordra''' zo'u ro de zo'u de me'au da de}}
{{irci|len=10|klaku|suf=(2012)|ko kibrolinki '''plokso'''}}
{{irci|len=10|danr|suf=(2014)|.i mi '''ckaklyzu'e''' mu'i lo nu tatpi ru'e .i ku'i za'u re'u casnu cu'e}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|lo nu da'i la datnymu'e remna cu simsa lo drata '''brotkaste''' pe BBC cu se cumki lo nu lo vreji be lo nu la .robin. cu fonxa tavla cu nenri lo '''brotkaste''' vau :P}}
{{irci|len=10|emna|suf=(2015)|no'i xu do jinvi co '''jbofnu''' mapti co selcme zo .emna}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2015)|ie i xu do ba favgau lo '''frontende'''}}
{{irci|len=10|omni___|suf=(2015)|lo ka sruri na '''dzistribu''' .i lo du'u lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule na nibli lo du'u ro lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule}}
{{irci|len=10|clakre|suf=(2016)|mi na se cmene zo '''clarke''' .i ku'i se cmene zo clakre}}
{{irci|len=10|uakci|suf=(2016)|.i je lo nu tai zukte cu se jalge lo nu do'e lo cmalu '''skrine''' cu za'u to zmadu lo na se me'oi br toi mei co linji}}
{{irci|len=10|la_aLEKsolas|suf=(2017)|ju'opei lo '''tsaibaklo''' lo vajraifla cu citka}}

=== No slinku'i at all ===

Under this option, '''vla'i''' would become a word and the lujvo for
'''balvi''' + '''lamji''' would come out as '''bavyla'i'''.

=== Transitional dialects ===

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] and others propose ways for slinku'i-ful and
slinku'i-less dialects to share the same lexicon. slinku'i-ful dialects could
import what they see as slinku'i by prepending a glottal stop. Relative to the
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|lujvo-zi'evla merger]]
proposal below:

brivla = !cmavo brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
post_word = pause / !nucleus !slinkuhi lojban_word

slinku'i-less dialects could keep words that used to depend on slinku'i glue
together using an [[#Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo|extended CVCy-lujvo rule]].

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2017)|sei ca lo nu viska zo ckt cu pensi be '''lo. tcuktci''' bangu}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pu lo nu casnu cu pensi zo temkracabdu'i .i lo nu na birti pu mukti lo '''nu. pretsku'''}}

== Forbidding certain initial clusters ==

[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] proposes to remove all consonant triples as well as
'''ml-''' and '''mr-''' as initial clusters. Rationale is that [[jvajvo|regular prefixes]]
such as '''kam-''' would be less likely to cause [[tosmabru]], and that some
existing words (notably of CVCCCVCV shape) would be preserved
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|if slinku'i were to be abolished]].

Eight gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|mlana}} {{jvs|mlatu}}
{{jvs|mleca}} {{jvs|mledi}} {{jvs|mluni}} {{jvs|mraji}} {{jvs|mrilu}}
{{jvs|mruli}}.

Some other words no longer grammatical: citmle mlatejami mlongena mlumitu mri'au skripto skrolbake spranto strelka stribilo

onset = h / glide / !(consonant consonant consonant) initial
other <- p / t !l / k / f / x / b / d !l / g / v / m !liquid / n !liquid

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|su'a mi na'o nelci lo danlu .i lo '''maltu''' jo'a (to .u'i pei toi) cu mupli}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi nelci lo '''malna''' si frikative}}
{{irci|len=10|jelca|suf=(2017)|.i melbi fa lo tarci '''maltu'''}}

== Forbidding certain clusters altogether ==

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] proposes to forbid clusters '''md''', '''mt''',
'''nb''', '''np''', which are prone to assimilation.

27 gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|canpa}} {{jvs|cenba}}
{{jvs|cimde}} {{jvs|cinba}} {{jvs|denpa}} {{jvs|famti}} {{jvs|femti}}
{{jvs|finpe}} {{jvs|janbe}} {{jvs|jimte}} {{jvs|kanba}} {{jvs|kumte}}
{{jvs|lanbi}} {{jvs|lunbe}} {{jvs|mamta}} {{jvs|nanba}} {{jvs|panpi}}
{{jvs|penbi}} {{jvs|semto}} {{jvs|senpi}} {{jvs|sumti}} {{jvs|tanbo}}
{{jvs|tinbe}} {{jvs|tunba}} {{jvs|vamtu}} {{jvs|vanbi}} {{jvs|zenba}}

Some other words no longer grammatical: bavlamdei cinpa'i donpre kinpau menbi'a prulamdei runbau samda'o vimku'a

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|timthelion_|suf=(2006)|do jinga lo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|ta'o mi ro roi cusku zo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|codrus|suf=(2009)|.i mi citka lo grute titnamba}}

== Allowing some new medial clusters ==

Calls to make '''mz''' a valid cluster have always been commonplace.
[[User:Lalxu|la lalxu]] also proposes to allow '''n''' plus affricate clusters.

m <- comma* [mM] !h !glide !m
n <- comma* [nN] !h !glide !n

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|rlpowell|suf=(2005)|je'e .i ca lo mergu'e so'a mi'a salci lo '''bavlamzeldei''' po'o}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|mi badri lo nu do na '''samzva'''}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|.i ua la .randol.'''xolmz'''. noi loglo jatna cu ba'o se micka'a}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|lo '''larkamzi'e''' cu krali ro larfi'i}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi ca'o tcidu fi tau lo .itku'ile genkasu noi ba'u '''memzma''' la pa no no mei}}
{{irci|len=10|mungojelly|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi '''mumblenomzvati''' ca doi ro do}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.oi se'i mi za'u re'u xaksu lo '''temze'u''' si ze'u zei temci fau lo nu da'arta'a co palcau}}
{{irci|len=10|bongnanba|suf=(2016)|.i mu'a sei jijnu ti noi tabypinsi je pavmei jo'u ti noi penbi je pavmei va'o lo nu mi co'a ponse su drata pinsi cu na '''memze'a'''}}

== Adding a new diphthong ==

This is often part of proposals to add new series of cmavo, so that they can
both stay short and fit into the existing initial consonant patterns.
[[User:Spheniscine|la zipcpi]] has proposed '''[[Eulojban|eu]]''',
[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] '''ui''' [uj].

== -y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger) ==

Proposed by many over the years, especially together with
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi removal of assigned rafsi].
Usually implemented by removing any detection of rafsi that isn't related to
slinku'i. slinku'i itself only applies at the beginning of a word, not after
hyphens.

BRIVLA = brivla
brivla = !cmavo !slinkuhi !slihykru !h brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
brivla_head = &syllable (unstressed_syllable / medial_syllable)*
brivla_core = stressed_syllable medial_syllable* final_syllable
medial_syllable = &(onset !vowel !diphthong) any_syllable
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) (h / initial_pair) y onset
rafsi_string = y_less_rafsi* (gismu / CVV_final_rafsi / stressed_y_less_rafsi short_final_rafsi / y_rafsi / stressed_y_rafsi / hy_rafsi / stressed_hy_rafsi))

For a slinku'i-less variant, change rafsi_string to the one
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|shown here]] and remove
initial_pair from slihykru.

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|kamsen|suf=(2007)|lo '''tavlrgedyflai''' be le lojbo cecmu}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i ki'u bo la anar dasni lo nukni se dasni be lo '''prenrpairyto'''}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i ji'asa'e '''mibykemymo'ydji'''}}
{{irci|len=10|zahlman|suf=(2012)|u'i pe'i lonu '''nanbrdonyto''' bevri cu no'e nu jarco loka tsali}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2014)|lo'e '''banfyracolotli''' cu nelci lo ka citka lo me'oi fpcalep vau sei mi pu reisku}}
{{irci|len=10|mukti|suf=(2014)|na nitcu lo cnino '''bauplyfuzykamni''' .i na manku .i lo jbopre cu lazni lo ka viska}}
{{irci|len=10|akmnlrse|suf=(2015)|.i mo .i la'a ca '''sipnybi''' gi'e ba ke fau gi '''ciknybi''' gi di'a gunrizu}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|.i .au pei mi '''merdjygau'''}}
{{irci|len=10|durka42|suf=(2015)|'''plisyta'oi''' je tcati}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|mi pu zu pensi lo nu zo sfataba da'i valsi lo si'o za'e '''xorsyflai'''}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pe'i lo nu '''zi'evlygau''' tai tu'a di'u cu ji'i no roi xagzenri'a}}

== Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo ==

Proposed by [[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] and others. One of two ways to remove
this last bit of privilege given to traditional lujvo after
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|unifying brivla]] and
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|removing the slinku'i rule]].

This would turn streams of sound currently parsed as multiple words -- any
sequence of the form [cmavo not ending in y] [one or more cmavo ending in y]
[non-cmevla word] -- into single brivla. Notably, '''.a'y'''-style letterals
would very often require glottal stops after them.

CVCy_lujvo = onset nucleus medial_syllable+ (brivla / final_syllable)

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi pu '''mojyko''' lo du'u lo cabdei cu xavdei}}

== CCy-shaped cmavo ==

[[CCy cmavo|Proposed]] by [[User:Mudri|la mudri]] as a way to expand letteral space.

{{irci|len=10|ziren|suf=(2009)|doi '''djy.''' mi pu kibro ciska lo ve ciksi fe be la tenuar. pe mi}}

== Restricting cmevla to valid syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others, as the simplest way of
reducing the amount of cmevla that the parser accepts but speakers find
ungrammatical.

cmevla = jbocme

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2015)|.i xebni mu'i ra'u lo nu iy. jai nandu fai lo ka ce se pilno ci'e la .'''linukys'''.}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.i do'a nai mi sinma la .'''kymir'''. ki'u lo nu ri troci lo ka tcidu}}

== Allowing glides after consonants in cmevla (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Ilmen|la .ilmen.]] and others, as sort of a counterpoint to the above proposal.

{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|ua la '''idiot'''.bot. co'a zifre}}
{{irci|len=10|lynn|suf=(2016)|.ua mi tirna fi tu'a la .teilr.'''suift'''. fe tu'a la'o xy. file_94.oga .xy.}}
{{irci|len=10|ilmen|suf=(2016)|.i xu zo .'''period'''. cmene fe ji'a lo namcu mocle'u lo glibau baupli}}

== Allowing glides after consonants, but not within initial clusters (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Tsani|la tsani]] and others.

== CGV syllables as alternative or replacement for CV'V cmavo and rafsi ([[La Alta]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]] and [[User:Aleksolas|la .aleksolas.]]

== Treatment of VGV sequences similarly to V'V (as in CLL) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]].

informal description of the PEG morphology algorithm/condensed

2017-12-31T18:36:58Z

Cirko: vimcu ro srana be la logbanu rafsi (to jinvi lo du'u ge plujydu'e gi na .inda lo ka lo'e tcidu be fi ti cu troci lo ka co'a se slabu ce'u toi)

This is an attempt at describing the PEG morphology in a less formal way, condensed into a single page. It also includes some experimental rules, marked as such, that open up previously forbidden word shapes.

=== Phonemes ===

At the most basic level, an utterance is made of phonemes. Here are the main classes of phonemes (there are subclasses as seen later):

* consonants ({{jvs|zunsna}}):
** '''bdgjvz''' (voiced), '''cfkpstx''' (unvoiced), '''lmnr''' (syllabic)
* glides ({{jvs|karmlisna}}): '''i u'''
* h ('''me'o .y'y'''): ''' ' '''
* word break (glottal stop) ({{jvs|depybu'i}}): '''.'''
* vowels ({{jvs|karsna}}): '''a e i o u'''
* diphthongs: '''au ai ei oi'''
* y ('''me'o .ybu'''): '''y'''

The comma (me'o slaka bu) isn't a phoneme, but is used to separate syllables for clarity. Removing it has no effect.

'''i''' and '''u''' are vowels, unless a vowel or diphthong follows, in which case they are glides. '''iau''' is a glide and a diphthong; '''iaua''' is two glide-vowel pairs.

At this level, strings of consonants follow these rules:
* consonants can be next to consonants, word breaks, vowels, diphthongs, and '''y'''
* no consonant can be followed by itself
* voiced consonants can't be next to voiceless ones, and vice versa
* sibilants (cjsz) can't be next to each other
* '''x''' can't be next to '''c''' or '''k'''
* the substrings '''mz''', '''nts''', '''ntc''', '''ndz''', '''ndj''' are not allowed

Glides must follow a word break, vowel, diphthong, or '''y''', and be followed by a vowel, diphthong, or '''y'''. '''i''' as a glide can't follow a diphthong ending in '''i''', and '''u''' as a glide can't follow the diphthong '''au'''.

'''h''' must both follow and be followed by a vowel, diphthong, or '''y'''.

Vowels, diphthongs, and '''y''' can be next to consonants, glides, '''h''', and word breaks.

=== Syllables ===

These are the shapes syllables ({{jvs|slaka}}) can have:

* Vowel syllable
** a word break, a glide, or up to three consonants
** then a vowel or a diphthong
** then optionally a consonant
{{mu|.a, spa, pan, blaif, stra}}

* h-syllable
** the letter '''''''
** then a vowel or diphthong
** then optionally a consonant
{{mu|'u, 'ei, 'am}}

* y-syllable
** a word break, a glide, or up to three consonants
** then the letter y
{{mu|by, .y, gry, zbly}}

* hy-syllable
** the string ''''y'''

* consonantal syllable ({{jvs|zunsnaslaka}})
** a consonant
** then a syllabic consonant
{{mu|fl, sm, rn}}

{{Ombox
| image = none
| text = <div id="ysyll">[[#exp|Experimental]]</div><div>
* y-consonant syllable: a consonant, '''y''', then another consonant. These behave exactly like consonantal syllables, and when the second consonant is a syllabic one, the syllable with a '''y''' is equivalent to the one without when distinguishing between words.
</div>
}}

When a syllable starts with more than one consonant, the rules for these clusters ({{jvs|zunsnagri}}) are more restrictive than the general ones above. These are the permissible initial doubles, stolen with love from CLL:

pl pr fl fr
bl br vl vr

cp cf ct ck cm cn cl cr
jb jv jd jg jm
sp sf st sk sm sn sl sr
zb zv zd zg zm

tc tr ts kl kr
dj dr dz gl gr

ml mr xl xr

And the permissible initial triples:

cfr cfl sfr sfl jvr jvl zvr zvl
cpr cpl spr spl jbr jbl zbr zbl
ckr ckl skr skl jgr jgl zgr zgl
ctr str jdr zdr
cmr cml smr sml jmr jml zmr zml

When segmenting text into syllables, when a consonant could possibly either start a syllable or end one, it's always taken to start one. In other words, onsets are greedy, codas are lazy.

=== Words ===

Words can be {{jvs|cmavo}}, {{jvs|cmevla}}, or {{jvs|brivla}}. cmavo and brivla are made of syllables, while cmevla are free strings of phonemes.

cmavo are composed of:

* one vowel- or '''y'''-syllable, with at most one initial consonant and no final consonant
* optionally followed by any number of '''h'''- or '''hy'''-syllables without any final consonants

{{mu|.a, ba, bai, ba'i, ba'ai, by, by'i, ia, iai, iy, ua'ai'y}}

There are two exceptions: '''ybu''', also spelled '''y.bu''', is a single cmavo despite the medial consonant and word break, and '''y''' surrounded by word breaks and not followed by '''bu''' is a word break itself, not a cmavo.

cmavo can be stressed on any syllable.

cmevla are arbitrary strings of phonemes, following phoneme but not syllable restrictions, starting with a word break, containing no word breaks, and ending with a consonant followed by a word break. They can be stressed anywhere.

{{Ombox
| image = none
| text = <div>Experimental</div><div>
There is also an [[Defining brivla without using lujvo rules|alternative definition of brivla that doesn't depend on rafsi]].
</div>
}}

A brivla is composed of any number of initial {{jvs|rafsi}} followed by a final rafsi. It must begin with a vowel syllable, end with a vowel- or '''h'''-syllable, and have at least two syllables. It may not be a [[#slinkuhi|slinkuhi]], and may not start with a sequence of cmavo that yields a valid word when removed. Stress (marked here with a grave accent) is on the second-last vowel- or '''h'''-syllable.

A final rafsi is:

(1) a zihevla:
* a vowel syllable
* followed by any number of vowel, h-, or consonantal syllables
* followed by a vowel- or h-syllable with no final consonant
* is not a gismu or sequence of more than one rafsi
* can stand alone as a brivla (meets the other requirements above)
{{mu|cpi,kù,ku àl,ga fì,pr,koi glàu,ka sprà,'e}}

(2) or a gismu:
* a CV vowel syllable followed by a CCV one
* or a CVC one then a CV one
* or a CCV one then a CV one
{{mu|pà,stu vèd,li tsà,ni}}

(3) or a short final rafsi:
* a CVV or CCV vowel syllable, e.g. '''xau''', '''cpa'''
* or a CV vowel syllable followed by a 'V h-syllable, e.g. '''fà'i'''

An initial rafsi is any one of these:

(4) a gismu followed by the syllable ''''y''', e.g. '''fasnu'y'''

(5) a gismu with its final vowel replaced with '''y''', e.g. '''fasny'''

(6) a zihevla followed by the syllable ''''y''', e.g. '''sorpeka'y'''

(7) a CV vowel syllable followed by a Cy '''y'''-syllable, e.g. '''fa,ky'''

(8) a vowel syllable of the form CVC, CCV, or CVVr
* or a CV syllable followed by a 'V or 'Vr syllable
* may not be followed by a rafsi derived from a zihevla
{{mu|'''gas''' '''jbu''' '''gaur''' '''li,'ar'''}}

(9) a vowel syllable of the form CVV
* or a CV syllable followed by a 'V syllable
* may not be followed by a rafsi derived from a zihevla
{{mu|'''gau''' '''li,'a'''}}

(10) a type 8 or 9 rafsi followed by a type 3 rafsi followed by ''''y'''
{{mu|'''cau,cni,'y''' '''ri,'ar,ju,'o,'y''' '''mul,fau,'y''', '''jbo,jbe,'y'''}}

(11) a zihevla that ends in a vowel syllable, ending in a vowel and not a diphthong, with the final vowel replaced with y, unless the result breaks up into any other valid string of rafsi
{{mu|'''ka,'or,ty''' '''a,sny'''}}

Note that while all rafsi are valid syllables by themselves, strings of them are recognized as strings of phonemes, not syllables. For example '''gastro''', even though its syllable structure is '''gà,stro''', is a lujvo made of two rafsi '''gas''' '''tro'''.

If a CVVr or CV'Vr rafsi is followed by a rafsi beginning with '''r''', and only then, the final '''r''' of the first rafsi is replaced with an '''n'''.
If a rafsi ending in '''y''' is followed by a rafsi beginning with a vowel, and only then, an ''' ' ''' is prepended to the second rafsi. In other situations where sticking two rafsi together violates phoneme or syllable rules, the left rafsi needs to be replaced with one ending with '''y'''.

A brivla consisting of just a zihevla is called a zihevla, one consisting of just a gismu is a gismu, and all others are called lujvo.

A slinkuhi ({{jvs|valslinku'i}}) is a [''consonant followed by a string of rafsi that up to its first y-syllable, or if no y-syllables, in its entirety, is composed of non-zihevla rafsi''] that itself can't be broken up into a string of rafsi.
{{mu|''p''rà,'i ''s''pòr,te ''z''bla,zdà,vro ''c''nar,jy,fra,gà,ri ''z''gà,stro ''(see note on [[#rafsirecog|rafsi recognition]] above)}}

Other non-words also behave like slinkuhi, in that prepending a cmavo makes them a word, but these arise from rules other than the one named slinkuhi.
{{mu|cpa cpau cpra cprau (''brivla must have 2+ syllables'')}}
{{mu|cl,pàr,nu (''brivla must start with a vowel syllable'')}}

A tosmabru ({{jvs|valrtosmabru}}) is a string intended to be a brivla but which decomposes into multiple words. tosmabru can be coerced into being brivla by adding a consonant at the end of the last syllable of the first cmavo.
* gau,tcì,ni -> gau tcini; cmavo + gismu
* gaur,tcì,ni -> gaurtcini; a single lujvo
* .a,'u,nain,mo -> .a'u nainmo; cmavo + zi'evla
* .a,'ur,nain,mo -> .a'urnainmo; a single zihevla
* boi,kèi,foi -> boi kèi foi; three cmavo
* boir,kèi,foi -> boirkeifoi; a single lujvo

=== Word breaks, glottal stops ===

All word breaks may be pronounced as glottal stops, and some word breaks have to. Glottal stops are required before and after all cmevla, as well as before all words starting with a vowel or "y". They are also required after certain cmavo:

* When pronouncing two words together would break a phonotactic rule, they need to be separated with a glottal stop.
{{mu|"au" "uàn,mo" -> {.au .uanmo} }}

* Each pair of cmavo of the form CV Cy followed by either a brivla or a cmavo of the form CVV or CV'V needs a glottal stop at one of the word breaks. (This is the only case where cmavo-shaped syllables are absorbed by brivla by default but can be detached.)
{{mu|"ca" "vy" "càr,vi" -> {ca vy. carvi} /ʃa.vəʔ.ˈʃar.vi/ |(/ʃa.və.ˈʃar.vi/ would be {cavycarvi}, a lujvo)}}

* Every stressed cmavo followed by a brivla starting with a consonant cluster needs a glottal stop after the cmavo.
{{mu|"bà" "sna,jù,'i" -> {bà. snaju'i} /ˈbaʔ.sna.ˈʒu.hi/|(/ˈba.sna.ˈʒu.hi/ would be {basna jù'i}, a gismu and a cmavo)}}

=== Splitting a stream of speech into words ===

This is a simplified procedure to split speech into words, not taking arbitrary quotes (ZOI, ZOhOI, MEhOI, GOhOI) into account. The input is a (magically) perfectly recognized string of phonemes, with the vowels marked for stress.

Each split described below is to be treated as a boundary of the speech stream for subsequent steps. These chunks will get increasingly smaller until they all coincide with single words.

(1) Split the stream at each glottal stop or pause.

(2) If the stream ends with a consonant, stop processing it.

(3) Detect the syllables in the stream. For each stressed syllable:
* If the syllable after it is also stressed, split between the two syllables.
* If not, find the next vowel or h-syllable after it, and split the stream after that syllable, unless the syllable after that begins with ''' ' ''' - don't split in that case.

(4) Try to read a cmavo, then after that cmavo try to read a cmavo, or if that fails, a brivla.
* If the stream ends after the first cmavo read, stop processing it.
* If two cmavo are read, split the stream after the first one, and stop processing the first part.
* If a cmavo and brivla are read, split the stream after the cmavo and stop processing both parts.
* If only a cmavo is read, but this cmavo is shorter than the stream, try to read a brivla from the start of the stream. If that succeeds, stop processing the stream. If not, declare the stream malformed and abandon ship.

Repeat the above step for each piece where processing was not stopped, until no such pieces remain.

An example:
còiju'idoi.rktk.si'audàuràtcucubaziba'acazgùnta
(1) còiju'idoi rktk si'audàuràtcucubaziba'acazgùnta
(2) còiju'idoi [rktk] si'audàuràtcucubaziba'acazgùnta
(3) còi,ju,'i,doi [rktk] si,'au,dàu,rà,tcu,cu,ba,zi,ba,'a,ca,zgùn,ta
còi,ju,'i,doi [rktk] si,'au,dàu rà,tcu cu,ba,zi,ba,'a,ca,zgùn,ta
(4) (còi),(ju,'i),doi
[coi] (ju,'i),(doi)
[coi] [ju'i] [doi]
(4) (si,'au),(dàu)
[si'au] [dau]
(4) (rà),(tcu)!
(rà,tcu)
[ratcu]
(4) (cu),(ba),zi,ba,'a,ca,zgùn,ta
[cu] (ba),(zi),ba,'a,ca,zgùn,ta
[cu] [ba] (zi),(ba,'a),ca,zgùn,ta
[cu] [ba] [zi] (ba,'a),(ca),zgùn,ta
[cu] [ba] [zi] [ba'a] (ca),(zgùn,ta)!
[cu] [ba] [zi] [ba'a] (ca,zgùn,ta)
[cu] [ba] [zi] [ba'a] [cazgunta]

Result: coi ju'i doi rktk si'au dau ratcu cu ba zi ba'a cazgunta

la .teris. po'u lo tirxu cu vitke zi'o le barda tcadu

2017-11-06T06:23:28Z

Cirko: jmina zo za'e lu «cabna jbobau» li'u

{{Ombox
| image = none
| text = de'e noi lisri cu te gerna lo me [[CLL]] moi be lo jbobau .i zasti fa ji'a lo [[la .teris. ku noi tigra cu stuvi'e lo barda tcadu|za'e ke cabna jbobau ke'e versiio]]The story on this page follows the [[CLL]] version of Lojban. There is also a [[la .teris. ku noi tigra cu stuvi'e lo barda tcadu|"modern Lojban" version]].
}}

la teris. po'u le tirxu cu vitke zi'o le barda tcadu

.i la'edi'u se finti je se fanva la maikl. turnianskis.

ni'o la teris. po'u le tirxu ge'u .e lei pendo no'u la .elis. po'u le xanto ge'u joi la zo,is. po'u le xirmrxipotigre cu xabju le cicricfoi .i la teris. ta'e djica le nu vitke zi'o le barda tcadu noi lei vinji ga'u voikla ke'a

.isemu'ibo ca pa donri la teris. co'a dzukla le barda tcadu

.i la teris. za klama lo rirxe gi'e retsku fi lo finpe be di'o ry. fu le du'u dakau cu pluta le tcadu .i le finpe cu spuda ty. ko'a goi lu ko cadzu mo'i ne'a le rirxe fi'o seldei li ci .ibabo do viska ru li'u

.i la teris. se gidva ko'a .ijebo mo'u le cimoi donri la teris. viska le tcadu .uicai tergu'i .i cnidu'e .isemu'ibo la teris. jdice le du'u cadzu ca'o le piro nicte

.i co'a le cerni la teris. klamu'o le zarci di'o le tcadu korbi .i nanla .i lu .iicai tirxu li'u se cusku le nanla .i lu .iicai nanla li'u se cusku la teris. to le nanla ku fa'u la teris. pu noroi zgana lo tirxu ku fa'u lo nanla toi .i le nanla no'u la mulis. cu ganse le ka le tirxu cu pendo ku gi'e te preti le nu la teris. djica le nu te jarco tu'a le tcadu my.

.i lu .iesai ku'i mi ba'e ca djica le nu mi sipna .i mi mutce tatpi li'u se cusku la teris.

.i lu je'e .i mi'o zifre le nu klama le mi zdani li'u se cusku la mulis.

.iseki'ubo le remei cu cadzu seka'a le zdani be la mulis.

.i ca le nu klamu'o ra ku la mulis. cu retsku fi le my. mamta fe lu e'o xu mi zifre le nu bevri lo tirxu le zdani li'u

.i lu go'i doi mulis. li'u se cusku le mamta .iki'ubo ri jinvi le du'u la mulis. selxarkei

.iseki'ubo la mulis. bevri la teris. le my. kumfa .ijebo ty. co'a sipna di'o le loldi ca'o le nu my. klama le bartu mu'i le nu kelci

.i le mamta za krixa lu doi mulis. pu'o vacysai .i doi mulis. uanai li'u .i ra klama le la mulis kumfa gi'e viska la teris. noi sipna .i ra co'a krixa lu .iicai lo tirxu pu citka le bersa be mi .i doi pulji ko sidju .i ko sidju .i doi pulji .i tirxu .i tirxu .i ko sidju li'u gi'e to'o bajra

.i le savru cu cikygau la teris. .i ri pi'egre le canko gi'e bajra se ka'a lety. zdani be di'o le cicricfoi ku gi'e nupre le za'i ba noroi cliva le cicricfoi

::fa'o::

== Now listen to it ==

[[User:.aionys.|.aionys.]] has done a [[:File:la teris. po'u lo tirxu.ogg|reading]] of this story, in Ogg Vorbis format.

There is also a recording of it by [[User:selpahi|selpahi]] as part of his [[Corpus Readings]], on [https://youtu.be/v059n9hFdXY?list=PLBguSndiEtX7BMjHM9zudHAnBPZDN7XbV YouTube].

{{:la .teris. bau lo glico}}

----

''This text is placed under the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ CC-by-nc] license by it’s author.''

la .teris. ku noi tigra cu stuvi'e lo barda tcadu

2017-11-06T06:23:11Z

Cirko: fuzyxu'ase'i

{{Ombox
| image = none
| text = de'e noi lisri cu te gerna su'o na ca'irselzau .i zasti fa ji'a lo [[la .teris. po'u lo tirxu cu vitke zi'o le barda tcadu|me CLL jbobau versiio]]The story on this page is written in an unofficial dialect. There is also a [[la .teris. po'u lo tirxu cu vitke zi'o le barda tcadu|CLL Lojban version]].
}}

la .teris. ku noi tigra cu stuvi'e lo barda tcadu

.i la .maikl. turniianskis. cu finti lo me CLL jbobau versiio je lo glicybau panra .i [[User:Cirko|la cirko]] cu fanva fi lo me di'e bankle

ni'o la .teris. ku noi tigra je lo pendo no'u la .elis. ku noi xanto jo'u la .zouis. ku noi xirnzebra cu xabju lo cicricfoi .i la .teris. ze'e ta'e djica lo ka stuvi'e lo barda tcadu noi lo vinji ga'u voikla .i se mu'i bo ca pa donri la .teris. co'a dzukla lo mi'u barda tcadu

ni'o la .teris. za klama lo rirxe gi'e retsku fi lo finpe pe ry. fu lo du'u ma kau pluta lo tcadu .i lo finpe ty. spusku be lu «ko cadzu mo'i ne'a lo rirxe soi djedi li ci .i ba bo do viska ru» li'u .i la .teris. cu se gidva tu'a lu bu .i je se mo'u lo ci moi co donri la .teris. cu viska lo tcadu ui sai dai tergu'i .i cnidu'e .i se mu'i bo la .teris. cu jdice lo ka cadzu ze'a lo nicte ca'o

ni'o se co'a lo cerni la .teris. cu darca lo zarci poi se stuzi lo tcadu korbi .i nanla .i lu «ii cai tigra» li'u se cusku le nanla .i lu «ii cai nanla» li'u se cusku la .teris. (to lo nanla fa'u la .teris. pu no roi zgana su'o tigra fa'u su'o nanla toi) .i lo nanla noi se cmene zo .mulis. cu ganse lo nu lo tigra na bradi ku gi'e retsku lo se du'u xu kau la .teris. cu djica lo ka te slabygau lo tcadu my.

.i lu «ie sai .i ku'i ca zo'u mi djica lo ka sipna .i mi mutce co tatpi» li'u se cusku la .teris.

.i lu «je'e .i mi'o zifre lo ka klama lo mi zdani» li'u se cusku la .mulis.

.i se ki'u bo lo remei cu dzukla lo zdani be la .mulis.

ni'o ca lo nu klamu'o ku la .mulis. cu retsku fi lo ri mamta fe lu «.e'o .i .e'a pei mi bevri lo tigra lo zdani» li'u

.i lu «.e'a doi .mulis.» li'u se cusku lo mamta .i ki'u bo ri se jetmlu lo du'u la .mulis. cu selxarkei

.i se ja'e zo'u la .mulis. cu bevri la .teris. lo my. kumfa .i je ty. co'a sipna ga'u je re'o lo loldi .i ca bo my. klama lo bartu te zu'e lo nu kelci

ni'o lo mamta za krixa lu «doi .mulis. pu'o vacysai ... i ua nai doi .mulis.» li'u .i my. klama lo kumfa pe la .mulis. gi'e viska la .teris. ku noi sipna .i ra co'a krixa lu «ii cai lo tigra ba'o citka lo bersa be mi .i doi pulji ko sidju .i ko sidju .i doi pulji .i tigra .i tigra .i ko sidju» li'u gi'e to'o bajra .i lo bi'u nai savru cu cikri'a la .teris .i ri pi'egre lo canko gi'e bajra fa'a lo ri zdani ne lo cicricfoi gi'e nupre lo ka no roi ba cliva ri

== ca zo'u ko tinju'i lo nu tcitigi / Now listen to it ==

[[Media:la_.teris._(to_cabna_jbobau_toi).ogg|lo nu kli'iki dei cu rinka lo nu tirna]] (to bacru fa [[User:Cirko|la cirko]] toi)

[[Media:la_.teris._(to_cabna_jbobau_toi).ogg|Click to listen]] (read by [[User:Cirko|la cirko]])

{{:la .teris. bau lo glico}}

Morphology proposals

2017-10-26T19:59:41Z

Cirko: /* Transitional dialects */

This is a grab bag of changes to the
[[BPFK Section: Formal Morphology|morphology]] grammar that people have
considered over the years. Unless noted otherwise, [[BPFK]]'s working
morphology, as implemented by
[http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes.html ilmentufa], is used as a
baseline for describing the proposals. See also
[[Talk:controversial points in the morphology|this discussion]] from when the
BPFK morphology was first being developed.

== CyC syllables as alternative or replacement for consonantal syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others. Rationale: some speakers find
syllabic consonants difficult to pronounce or to distinguish from -yC-
sequences.

xorxes's [[zasni gerna cenba vreji#syllabic consonants|original proposal]] was
to allow these syllables only for [[type 3 fu'ivla]] hyphens; more recent
variants have no such restriction.

'''Newly grammatical''': sin'''cyr'''boua, sip'''nyb'''zu

brivla_head = !cmavo !slinkuhi !h &syllable unstressed_syllable*
# Change y to y_hyphen in every y-rafsi rule
y_hyphen = y &onset
stress = (consonant / glide)* h? y? coda? syllable pause
consonantal_syllable = onset y coda / consonant &syllabic coda

'''In the wild'''

{{irci|len=10|durka|suf=(2008)|xu cirla '''cidjrbyrga'''}}
{{irci|len=10|jukni|suf=(2010)|lo '''juknynba''' cu mutce kukte}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i do co'e ca lo '''xo'yldei'''}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2014)|pe'i lo '''saltyrkaisara''' mi cnino .i ca lo cabdei mi citka lo salta be lo laktuka jo'u lo tamca jo'u lo clazme .i no'e cinri .i ku'i mi na pante}}
{{irci|len=10|lablanu|suf=(2015)|mi ca '''gugylsisku''' .i mi na facki no da}}
{{irci|len=10|Amnadya|suf=(2015)|.i so'o '''gernyrkasu''' cu srana zo ca}}
{{irci|len=10|fegmese|suf=(2016)|ti'e zmadu so'a drata '''linyksu''' lo ka lo pilno be ce'u cu nitcu lo ka kurji ... ri xu}}

== Removing or simplifying the slinkuhi rules ==

Proposed by many and made official in TLI [[Loglan]]. Rationale is that
[[slinku'i]] in its current form makes the morphology unnecessarily hard to learn
and use in fluent speech. Also often part of calls to
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi do away with assigned rafsi],
since slinkuhi exists to favour words made of those.

=== Killing .oisai'yvla (brivla rafsi merger) ===

The least radical of the slinku'i proposals. '''sai'yvla''' would become a
valid word, removing the only instance where a string beginning with a single
consonant can be a slinku'i.

'''Newly grammatical''': sai'yvla

'''No longer grammatical''': .oisai'yvla (would parse as two words)

initial_rafsi = !slihykru extended_rafsi / y_rafsi / !any_fuhivla_rafsi y_less_rafsi !any_fuhivla_rafsi
any_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla / fuhivla_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_extended_rafsi = stressed_hy_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
extended_rafsi = hy_rafsi / fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla_head stressed_syllable consonantal_syllable* onset y
fuhivla_rafsi = &unstressed_syllable fuhivla_head onset y h?
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) h y onset
hy_rafsi = (long_rafsi unstressed_vowel / CCV_rafsi / CVV_rafsi) h y h?

=== slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi ===

This is what Loglan has implemented, and what Lojbanists usually mean by
"getting rid of slinku'i". '''sporte''' would become a valid word, but not
'''sli'a''', so that CVV and CV'V rafsi behave identically with regards to
hyphen requirements. Some also propose that sequences like '''dja'y-''' remain
as slinku'i so that brivla rafsi like '''-uidja'y-''' stay valid.

'''Newly grammatical''': sporte zdanco'o klesnai krinju

'''No longer grammatical''': .esporte .adjunte .asfalte bavlamdei faglitki .islenska lojbangirzu

slinkuhi = consonant CVV_final_rafsi
# Plus the changes above and optionally removal of the slihykru rule

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|mi nelci lo lenku '''djarpitsa'''}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i bazibo lo '''cridrimpe''' cu renro lo bolci be lo fagri mi}}
{{irci|len=10|latros|suf=(2011)|.i ro da poi ke'a '''cmacrordra''' zo'u ro de zo'u de me'au da de}}
{{irci|len=10|klaku|suf=(2012)|ko kibrolinki '''plokso'''}}
{{irci|len=10|danr|suf=(2014)|.i mi '''ckaklyzu'e''' mu'i lo nu tatpi ru'e .i ku'i za'u re'u casnu cu'e}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|lo nu da'i la datnymu'e remna cu simsa lo drata '''brotkaste''' pe BBC cu se cumki lo nu lo vreji be lo nu la .robin. cu fonxa tavla cu nenri lo '''brotkaste''' vau :P}}
{{irci|len=10|emna|suf=(2015)|no'i xu do jinvi co '''jbofnu''' mapti co selcme zo .emna}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2015)|ie i xu do ba favgau lo '''frontende'''}}
{{irci|len=10|omni___|suf=(2015)|lo ka sruri na '''dzistribu''' .i lo du'u lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule na nibli lo du'u ro lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule}}
{{irci|len=10|clakre|suf=(2016)|mi na se cmene zo '''clarke''' .i ku'i se cmene zo clakre}}
{{irci|len=10|uakci|suf=(2016)|.i je lo nu tai zukte cu se jalge lo nu do'e lo cmalu '''skrine''' cu za'u to zmadu lo na se me'oi br toi mei co linji}}
{{irci|len=10|la_aLEKsolas|suf=(2017)|ju'opei lo '''tsaibaklo''' lo vajraifla cu citka}}

=== No slinku'i at all ===

Under this option, '''vla'i''' would become a word and the lujvo for
'''balvi''' + '''lamji''' would come out as '''bavyla'i'''.

=== Transitional dialects ===

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] and others propose ways for slinku'i-ful and
slinku'i-less dialects to share the same lexicon. slinku'i-ful dialects could
import what they see as slinku'i by prepending a glottal stop. Relative to the
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|lujvo-zi'evla merger]]
proposal below:

brivla = !cmavo brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
post_word = pause / !nucleus !slinkuhi lojban_word

slinku'i-less dialects could keep words that used to depend on slinku'i glue
together using an [[#Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo|extended CVCy-lujvo rule]].

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2017)|sei ca lo nu viska zo ckt cu pensi be '''lo. tcuktci''' bangu}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pu lo nu casnu cu pensi zo temkracabdu'i .i lo nu na birti pu mukti lo '''nu. pretsku'''}}

== Forbidding certain initial clusters ==

[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] proposes to remove all consonant triples as well as
'''ml-''' and '''mr-''' as initial clusters. Rationale is that [[jvajvo|regular prefixes]]
such as '''kam-''' would be less likely to cause [[tosmabru]], and that some
existing words (notably of CVCCCVCV shape) would be preserved
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|if slinku'i were to be abolished]].

Eight gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|mlana}} {{jvs|mlatu}}
{{jvs|mleca}} {{jvs|mledi}} {{jvs|mluni}} {{jvs|mraji}} {{jvs|mrilu}}
{{jvs|mruli}}.

Some other words no longer grammatical: citmle mlatejami mlongena mlumitu mri'au skripto skrolbake spranto strelka stribilo

other <- p / t !l / k / f / x / b / d !l / g / v / m !liquid / n !liquid
# initial replaced with initial_pair everywhere except inital_pair itself

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|su'a mi na'o nelci lo danlu .i lo '''maltu''' jo'a (to .u'i pei toi) cu mupli}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi nelci lo '''malna''' si frikative}}
{{irci|len=10|jelca|suf=(2017)|.i melbi fa lo tarci '''maltu'''}}

== Forbidding certain clusters altogether ==

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] proposes to forbid clusters '''md''', '''mt''',
'''nb''', '''np''', which are prone to assimilation.

27 gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|canpa}} {{jvs|cenba}}
{{jvs|cimde}} {{jvs|cinba}} {{jvs|denpa}} {{jvs|famti}} {{jvs|femti}}
{{jvs|finpe}} {{jvs|janbe}} {{jvs|jimte}} {{jvs|kanba}} {{jvs|kumte}}
{{jvs|lanbi}} {{jvs|lunbe}} {{jvs|mamta}} {{jvs|nanba}} {{jvs|panpi}}
{{jvs|penbi}} {{jvs|semto}} {{jvs|senpi}} {{jvs|sumti}} {{jvs|tanbo}}
{{jvs|tinbe}} {{jvs|tunba}} {{jvs|vamtu}} {{jvs|vanbi}} {{jvs|zenba}}

Some other words no longer grammatical: bavlamdei cinpa'i donpre kinpau menbi'a prulamdei runbau samda'o vimku'a

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|timthelion_|suf=(2006)|do jinga lo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|ta'o mi ro roi cusku zo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|codrus|suf=(2009)|.i mi citka lo grute titnamba}}

== Allowing some new medial clusters ==

Calls to make '''mz''' a valid cluster have always been commonplace.
[[User:Lalxu|la lalxu]] also proposes to allow '''n''' plus affricate clusters.

m <- comma* [mM] !h !glide !m
n <- comma* [nN] !h !glide !n

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|rlpowell|suf=(2005)|je'e .i ca lo mergu'e so'a mi'a salci lo '''bavlamzeldei''' po'o}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|mi badri lo nu do na '''samzva'''}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|.i ua la .randol.'''xolmz'''. noi loglo jatna cu ba'o se micka'a}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|lo '''larkamzi'e''' cu krali ro larfi'i}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi ca'o tcidu fi tau lo .itku'ile genkasu noi ba'u '''memzma''' la pa no no mei}}
{{irci|len=10|mungojelly|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi '''mumblenomzvati''' ca doi ro do}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.oi se'i mi za'u re'u xaksu lo '''temze'u''' si ze'u zei temci fau lo nu da'arta'a co palcau}}
{{irci|len=10|bongnanba|suf=(2016)|.i mu'a sei jijnu ti noi tabypinsi je pavmei jo'u ti noi penbi je pavmei va'o lo nu mi co'a ponse su drata pinsi cu na '''memze'a'''}}

== Adding a new diphthong ==

This is often part of proposals to add new series of cmavo, so that they can
both stay short and fit into the existing initial consonant patterns.
[[User:Spheniscine|la zipcpi]] has proposed '''[[Eulojban|eu]]''',
[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] '''ui''' [uj].

== -y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger) ==

Proposed by many over the years, especially together with
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi removal of assigned rafsi].
Usually implemented by removing any detection of rafsi that isn't related to
slinku'i. slinku'i itself only applies at the beginning of a word, not after
hyphens.

BRIVLA = brivla
brivla = !cmavo !slinkuhi !slihykru !h brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
brivla_head = &syllable (unstressed_syllable / medial_syllable)*
brivla_core = stressed_syllable medial_syllable* final_syllable
medial_syllable = &(onset !vowel !diphthong) any_syllable
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) (h / initial_pair) y onset
rafsi_string = y_less_rafsi* (gismu / CVV_final_rafsi / stressed_y_less_rafsi short_final_rafsi / y_rafsi / stressed_y_rafsi / hy_rafsi / stressed_hy_rafsi))

For a slinku'i-less variant, change rafsi_string to the one
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|shown here]] and remove
initial_pair from slihykru.

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|kamsen|suf=(2007)|lo '''tavlrgedyflai''' be le lojbo cecmu}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i ki'u bo la anar dasni lo nukni se dasni be lo '''prenrpairyto'''}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i ji'asa'e '''mibykemymo'ydji'''}}
{{irci|len=10|zahlman|suf=(2012)|u'i pe'i lonu '''nanbrdonyto''' bevri cu no'e nu jarco loka tsali}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2014)|lo'e '''banfyracolotli''' cu nelci lo ka citka lo me'oi fpcalep vau sei mi pu reisku}}
{{irci|len=10|mukti|suf=(2014)|na nitcu lo cnino '''bauplyfuzykamni''' .i na manku .i lo jbopre cu lazni lo ka viska}}
{{irci|len=10|akmnlrse|suf=(2015)|.i mo .i la'a ca '''sipnybi''' gi'e ba ke fau gi '''ciknybi''' gi di'a gunrizu}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|.i .au pei mi '''merdjygau'''}}
{{irci|len=10|durka42|suf=(2015)|'''plisyta'oi''' je tcati}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|mi pu zu pensi lo nu zo sfataba da'i valsi lo si'o za'e '''xorsyflai'''}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pe'i lo nu '''zi'evlygau''' tai tu'a di'u cu ji'i no roi xagzenri'a}}

== Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo ==

Proposed by [[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] and others. One of two ways to remove
this last bit of privilege given to traditional lujvo after
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|unifying brivla]] and
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|removing the slinku'i rule]].

This would turn streams of sound currently parsed as multiple words -- any
sequence of the form [cmavo not ending in y] [one or more cmavo ending in y]
[non-cmevla word] -- into single brivla. Notably, '''.a'y'''-style letterals
would very often require glottal stops after them.

CVCy_lujvo = onset nucleus medial_syllable+ (brivla / final_syllable)

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi pu '''mojyko''' lo du'u lo cabdei cu xavdei}}

== CCy-shaped cmavo ==

[[CCy cmavo|Proposed]] by [[User:Mudri|la mudri]] as a way to expand letteral space.

{{irci|len=10|ziren|suf=(2009)|doi '''djy.''' mi pu kibro ciska lo ve ciksi fe be la tenuar. pe mi}}

== Restricting cmevla to valid syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others, as the simplest way of
reducing the amount of cmevla that the parser accepts but speakers find
ungrammatical.

cmevla = jbocme

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2015)|.i xebni mu'i ra'u lo nu iy. jai nandu fai lo ka ce se pilno ci'e la .'''linukys'''.}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.i do'a nai mi sinma la .'''kymir'''. ki'u lo nu ri troci lo ka tcidu}}

== Allowing glides after consonants in cmevla (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Ilmen|la .ilmen.]] and others, as sort of a counterpoint to the above proposal.

{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|ua la '''idiot'''.bot. co'a zifre}}
{{irci|len=10|lynn|suf=(2016)|.ua mi tirna fi tu'a la .teilr.'''suift'''. fe tu'a la'o xy. file_94.oga .xy.}}
{{irci|len=10|ilmen|suf=(2016)|.i xu zo .'''period'''. cmene fe ji'a lo namcu mocle'u lo glibau baupli}}

== Allowing glides after consonants, but not within initial clusters (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Tsani|la tsani]] and others.

== CGV syllables as alternative or replacement for CV'V cmavo and rafsi ([[La Alta]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]] and [[User:Aleksolas|la .aleksolas.]]

== Treatment of VGV sequences similarly to V'V (as in CLL) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]].

Morphology proposals

2017-10-26T19:39:39Z

Cirko: link to mudri's proposal

This is a grab bag of changes to the
[[BPFK Section: Formal Morphology|morphology]] grammar that people have
considered over the years. Unless noted otherwise, [[BPFK]]'s working
morphology, as implemented by
[http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes.html ilmentufa], is used as a
baseline for describing the proposals. See also
[[Talk:controversial points in the morphology|this discussion]] from when the
BPFK morphology was first being developed.

== CyC syllables as alternative or replacement for consonantal syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others. Rationale: some speakers find
syllabic consonants difficult to pronounce or to distinguish from -yC-
sequences.

xorxes's [[zasni gerna cenba vreji#syllabic consonants|original proposal]] was
to allow these syllables only for [[type 3 fu'ivla]] hyphens; more recent
variants have no such restriction.

'''Newly grammatical''': sin'''cyr'''boua, sip'''nyb'''zu

brivla_head = !cmavo !slinkuhi !h &syllable unstressed_syllable*
# Change y to y_hyphen in every y-rafsi rule
y_hyphen = y &onset
stress = (consonant / glide)* h? y? coda? syllable pause
consonantal_syllable = onset y coda / consonant &syllabic coda

'''In the wild'''

{{irci|len=10|durka|suf=(2008)|xu cirla '''cidjrbyrga'''}}
{{irci|len=10|jukni|suf=(2010)|lo '''juknynba''' cu mutce kukte}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i do co'e ca lo '''xo'yldei'''}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2014)|pe'i lo '''saltyrkaisara''' mi cnino .i ca lo cabdei mi citka lo salta be lo laktuka jo'u lo tamca jo'u lo clazme .i no'e cinri .i ku'i mi na pante}}
{{irci|len=10|lablanu|suf=(2015)|mi ca '''gugylsisku''' .i mi na facki no da}}
{{irci|len=10|Amnadya|suf=(2015)|.i so'o '''gernyrkasu''' cu srana zo ca}}
{{irci|len=10|fegmese|suf=(2016)|ti'e zmadu so'a drata '''linyksu''' lo ka lo pilno be ce'u cu nitcu lo ka kurji ... ri xu}}

== Removing or simplifying the slinkuhi rules ==

Proposed by many and made official in TLI [[Loglan]]. Rationale is that
[[slinku'i]] in its current form makes the morphology unnecessarily hard to learn
and use in fluent speech. Also often part of calls to
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi do away with assigned rafsi],
since slinkuhi exists to favour words made of those.

=== Killing .oisai'yvla (brivla rafsi merger) ===

The least radical of the slinku'i proposals. '''sai'yvla''' would become a
valid word, removing the only instance where a string beginning with a single
consonant can be a slinku'i.

'''Newly grammatical''': sai'yvla

'''No longer grammatical''': .oisai'yvla (would parse as two words)

initial_rafsi = !slihykru extended_rafsi / y_rafsi / !any_fuhivla_rafsi y_less_rafsi !any_fuhivla_rafsi
any_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla / fuhivla_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_extended_rafsi = stressed_hy_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
extended_rafsi = hy_rafsi / fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla_head stressed_syllable consonantal_syllable* onset y
fuhivla_rafsi = &unstressed_syllable fuhivla_head onset y h?
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) h y onset
hy_rafsi = (long_rafsi unstressed_vowel / CCV_rafsi / CVV_rafsi) h y h?

=== slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi ===

This is what Loglan has implemented, and what Lojbanists usually mean by
"getting rid of slinku'i". '''sporte''' would become a valid word, but not
'''sli'a''', so that CVV and CV'V rafsi behave identically with regards to
hyphen requirements. Some also propose that sequences like '''dja'y-''' remain
as slinku'i so that brivla rafsi like '''-uidja'y-''' stay valid.

'''Newly grammatical''': sporte zdanco'o klesnai krinju

'''No longer grammatical''': .esporte .adjunte .asfalte bavlamdei faglitki .islenska lojbangirzu

slinkuhi = consonant CVV_final_rafsi
# Plus the changes above and optionally removal of the slihykru rule

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|mi nelci lo lenku '''djarpitsa'''}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i bazibo lo '''cridrimpe''' cu renro lo bolci be lo fagri mi}}
{{irci|len=10|latros|suf=(2011)|.i ro da poi ke'a '''cmacrordra''' zo'u ro de zo'u de me'au da de}}
{{irci|len=10|klaku|suf=(2012)|ko kibrolinki '''plokso'''}}
{{irci|len=10|danr|suf=(2014)|.i mi '''ckaklyzu'e''' mu'i lo nu tatpi ru'e .i ku'i za'u re'u casnu cu'e}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|lo nu da'i la datnymu'e remna cu simsa lo drata '''brotkaste''' pe BBC cu se cumki lo nu lo vreji be lo nu la .robin. cu fonxa tavla cu nenri lo '''brotkaste''' vau :P}}
{{irci|len=10|emna|suf=(2015)|no'i xu do jinvi co '''jbofnu''' mapti co selcme zo .emna}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2015)|ie i xu do ba favgau lo '''frontende'''}}
{{irci|len=10|omni___|suf=(2015)|lo ka sruri na '''dzistribu''' .i lo du'u lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule na nibli lo du'u ro lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule}}
{{irci|len=10|clakre|suf=(2016)|mi na se cmene zo '''clarke''' .i ku'i se cmene zo clakre}}
{{irci|len=10|uakci|suf=(2016)|.i je lo nu tai zukte cu se jalge lo nu do'e lo cmalu '''skrine''' cu za'u to zmadu lo na se me'oi br toi mei co linji}}
{{irci|len=10|la_aLEKsolas|suf=(2017)|ju'opei lo '''tsaibaklo''' lo vajraifla cu citka}}

=== No slinku'i at all ===

Under this option, '''vla'i''' would become a word and the lujvo for
'''balvi''' + '''lamji''' would come out as '''bavyla'i'''.

=== Transitional dialects ===

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] and others propose ways for slinku'i-ful and
slinku'i-less dialects to share the same lexicon. slinku'i-ful dialects could
import what they see as slinku'i by prepending a glottal stop. Relative to the
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo|suf=(lujvo–zi'evla merger)|lujvo-zi'evla merger]]
proposal below:

brivla = !cmavo brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
post_word = pause / !nucleus !slinkuhi lojban_word

slinku'i-less dialects could keep words that used to depend on slinku'i glue
together using an [[#Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo|extended CVCy-lujvo rule]].

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2017)|sei ca lo nu viska zo ckt cu pensi be '''lo. tcuktci''' bangu}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pu lo nu casnu cu pensi zo temkracabdu'i .i lo nu na birti pu mukti lo '''nu. pretsku'''}}

== Forbidding certain initial clusters ==

[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] proposes to remove all consonant triples as well as
'''ml-''' and '''mr-''' as initial clusters. Rationale is that [[jvajvo|regular prefixes]]
such as '''kam-''' would be less likely to cause [[tosmabru]], and that some
existing words (notably of CVCCCVCV shape) would be preserved
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|if slinku'i were to be abolished]].

Eight gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|mlana}} {{jvs|mlatu}}
{{jvs|mleca}} {{jvs|mledi}} {{jvs|mluni}} {{jvs|mraji}} {{jvs|mrilu}}
{{jvs|mruli}}.

Some other words no longer grammatical: citmle mlatejami mlongena mlumitu mri'au skripto skrolbake spranto strelka stribilo

other <- p / t !l / k / f / x / b / d !l / g / v / m !liquid / n !liquid
# initial replaced with initial_pair everywhere except inital_pair itself

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|su'a mi na'o nelci lo danlu .i lo '''maltu''' jo'a (to .u'i pei toi) cu mupli}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi nelci lo '''malna''' si frikative}}
{{irci|len=10|jelca|suf=(2017)|.i melbi fa lo tarci '''maltu'''}}

== Forbidding certain clusters altogether ==

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] proposes to forbid clusters '''md''', '''mt''',
'''nb''', '''np''', which are prone to assimilation.

27 gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|canpa}} {{jvs|cenba}}
{{jvs|cimde}} {{jvs|cinba}} {{jvs|denpa}} {{jvs|famti}} {{jvs|femti}}
{{jvs|finpe}} {{jvs|janbe}} {{jvs|jimte}} {{jvs|kanba}} {{jvs|kumte}}
{{jvs|lanbi}} {{jvs|lunbe}} {{jvs|mamta}} {{jvs|nanba}} {{jvs|panpi}}
{{jvs|penbi}} {{jvs|semto}} {{jvs|senpi}} {{jvs|sumti}} {{jvs|tanbo}}
{{jvs|tinbe}} {{jvs|tunba}} {{jvs|vamtu}} {{jvs|vanbi}} {{jvs|zenba}}

Some other words no longer grammatical: bavlamdei cinpa'i donpre kinpau menbi'a prulamdei runbau samda'o vimku'a

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|timthelion_|suf=(2006)|do jinga lo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|ta'o mi ro roi cusku zo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|codrus|suf=(2009)|.i mi citka lo grute titnamba}}

== Allowing some new medial clusters ==

Calls to make '''mz''' a valid cluster have always been commonplace.
[[User:Lalxu|la lalxu]] also proposes to allow '''n''' plus affricate clusters.

m <- comma* [mM] !h !glide !m
n <- comma* [nN] !h !glide !n

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|rlpowell|suf=(2005)|je'e .i ca lo mergu'e so'a mi'a salci lo '''bavlamzeldei''' po'o}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|mi badri lo nu do na '''samzva'''}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|.i ua la .randol.'''xolmz'''. noi loglo jatna cu ba'o se micka'a}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|lo '''larkamzi'e''' cu krali ro larfi'i}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi ca'o tcidu fi tau lo .itku'ile genkasu noi ba'u '''memzma''' la pa no no mei}}
{{irci|len=10|mungojelly|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi '''mumblenomzvati''' ca doi ro do}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.oi se'i mi za'u re'u xaksu lo '''temze'u''' si ze'u zei temci fau lo nu da'arta'a co palcau}}
{{irci|len=10|bongnanba|suf=(2016)|.i mu'a sei jijnu ti noi tabypinsi je pavmei jo'u ti noi penbi je pavmei va'o lo nu mi co'a ponse su drata pinsi cu na '''memze'a'''}}

== Adding a new diphthong ==

This is often part of proposals to add new series of cmavo, so that they can
both stay short and fit into the existing initial consonant patterns.
[[User:Spheniscine|la zipcpi]] has proposed '''[[Eulojban|eu]]''',
[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] '''ui''' [uj].

== -y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger) ==

Proposed by many over the years, especially together with
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi removal of assigned rafsi].
Usually implemented by removing any detection of rafsi that isn't related to
slinku'i. slinku'i itself only applies at the beginning of a word, not after
hyphens.

BRIVLA = brivla
brivla = !cmavo !slinkuhi !slihykru !h brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
brivla_head = &syllable (unstressed_syllable / medial_syllable)*
brivla_core = stressed_syllable medial_syllable* final_syllable
medial_syllable = &(onset !vowel !diphthong) any_syllable
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) (h / initial_pair) y onset
rafsi_string = y_less_rafsi* (gismu / CVV_final_rafsi / stressed_y_less_rafsi short_final_rafsi / y_rafsi / stressed_y_rafsi / hy_rafsi / stressed_hy_rafsi))

For a slinku'i-less variant, change rafsi_string to the one
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|shown here]] and remove
initial_pair from slihykru.

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|kamsen|suf=(2007)|lo '''tavlrgedyflai''' be le lojbo cecmu}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i ki'u bo la anar dasni lo nukni se dasni be lo '''prenrpairyto'''}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i ji'asa'e '''mibykemymo'ydji'''}}
{{irci|len=10|zahlman|suf=(2012)|u'i pe'i lonu '''nanbrdonyto''' bevri cu no'e nu jarco loka tsali}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2014)|lo'e '''banfyracolotli''' cu nelci lo ka citka lo me'oi fpcalep vau sei mi pu reisku}}
{{irci|len=10|mukti|suf=(2014)|na nitcu lo cnino '''bauplyfuzykamni''' .i na manku .i lo jbopre cu lazni lo ka viska}}
{{irci|len=10|akmnlrse|suf=(2015)|.i mo .i la'a ca '''sipnybi''' gi'e ba ke fau gi '''ciknybi''' gi di'a gunrizu}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|.i .au pei mi '''merdjygau'''}}
{{irci|len=10|durka42|suf=(2015)|'''plisyta'oi''' je tcati}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|mi pu zu pensi lo nu zo sfataba da'i valsi lo si'o za'e '''xorsyflai'''}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pe'i lo nu '''zi'evlygau''' tai tu'a di'u cu ji'i no roi xagzenri'a}}

== Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo ==

Proposed by [[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] and others. One of two ways to remove
this last bit of privilege given to traditional lujvo after
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|unifying brivla]] and
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|removing the slinku'i rule]].

This would turn streams of sound currently parsed as multiple words -- any
sequence of the form [cmavo not ending in y] [one or more cmavo ending in y]
[non-cmevla word] -- into single brivla. Notably, '''.a'y'''-style letterals
would very often require glottal stops after them.

CVCy_lujvo = onset nucleus medial_syllable+ (brivla / final_syllable)

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi pu '''mojyko''' lo du'u lo cabdei cu xavdei}}

== CCy-shaped cmavo ==

[[CCy cmavo|Proposed]] by [[User:Mudri|la mudri]] as a way to expand letteral space.

{{irci|len=10|ziren|suf=(2009)|doi '''djy.''' mi pu kibro ciska lo ve ciksi fe be la tenuar. pe mi}}

== Restricting cmevla to valid syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others, as the simplest way of
reducing the amount of cmevla that the parser accepts but speakers find
ungrammatical.

cmevla = jbocme

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2015)|.i xebni mu'i ra'u lo nu iy. jai nandu fai lo ka ce se pilno ci'e la .'''linukys'''.}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.i do'a nai mi sinma la .'''kymir'''. ki'u lo nu ri troci lo ka tcidu}}

== Allowing glides after consonants in cmevla (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Ilmen|la .ilmen.]] and others, as sort of a counterpoint to the above proposal.

{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|ua la '''idiot'''.bot. co'a zifre}}
{{irci|len=10|lynn|suf=(2016)|.ua mi tirna fi tu'a la .teilr.'''suift'''. fe tu'a la'o xy. file_94.oga .xy.}}
{{irci|len=10|ilmen|suf=(2016)|.i xu zo .'''period'''. cmene fe ji'a lo namcu mocle'u lo glibau baupli}}

== Allowing glides after consonants, but not within initial clusters (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Tsani|la tsani]] and others.

== CGV syllables as alternative or replacement for CV'V cmavo and rafsi ([[La Alta]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]] and [[User:Aleksolas|la .aleksolas.]]

== Treatment of VGV sequences similarly to V'V (as in CLL) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]].

BPFK Section: Formal Morphology

2017-10-26T19:36:19Z

Cirko:

{{BPFK Section from tiki|BPFK Section: Formal Morphology|4}}[[BPFK Section: PEG Morphology Algorithm]]
* [[Informal description of the PEG morphology algorithm]]
* [[informal description of the PEG morphology algorithm/condensed|Another informal description of the morphology, less tied to the PEG rules]]
* [[Controversial points in the morphology]]
* [[BPFK Section: The Problem With comma]]
* [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings]]
* [[BPFK Section: cmevla]]
* [[Morphology proposals]]

Morphology proposals

2017-10-26T19:36:01Z

Cirko: Created page with "This is a grab bag of changes to the morphology grammar that people have considered over the years. Unless noted otherwise, BPFK's wor..."

This is a grab bag of changes to the
[[BPFK Section: Formal Morphology|morphology]] grammar that people have
considered over the years. Unless noted otherwise, [[BPFK]]'s working
morphology, as implemented by
[http://lojban.github.io/ilmentufa/camxes.html ilmentufa], is used as a
baseline for describing the proposals. See also
[[Talk:controversial points in the morphology|this discussion]] from when the
BPFK morphology was first being developed.

== CyC syllables as alternative or replacement for consonantal syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others. Rationale: some speakers find
syllabic consonants difficult to pronounce or to distinguish from -yC-
sequences.

xorxes's [[zasni gerna cenba vreji#syllabic consonants|original proposal]] was
to allow these syllables only for [[type 3 fu'ivla]] hyphens; more recent
variants have no such restriction.

'''Newly grammatical''': sin'''cyr'''boua, sip'''nyb'''zu

brivla_head = !cmavo !slinkuhi !h &syllable unstressed_syllable*
# Change y to y_hyphen in every y-rafsi rule
y_hyphen = y &onset
stress = (consonant / glide)* h? y? coda? syllable pause
consonantal_syllable = onset y coda / consonant &syllabic coda

'''In the wild'''

{{irci|len=10|durka|suf=(2008)|xu cirla '''cidjrbyrga'''}}
{{irci|len=10|jukni|suf=(2010)|lo '''juknynba''' cu mutce kukte}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i do co'e ca lo '''xo'yldei'''}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2014)|pe'i lo '''saltyrkaisara''' mi cnino .i ca lo cabdei mi citka lo salta be lo laktuka jo'u lo tamca jo'u lo clazme .i no'e cinri .i ku'i mi na pante}}
{{irci|len=10|lablanu|suf=(2015)|mi ca '''gugylsisku''' .i mi na facki no da}}
{{irci|len=10|Amnadya|suf=(2015)|.i so'o '''gernyrkasu''' cu srana zo ca}}
{{irci|len=10|fegmese|suf=(2016)|ti'e zmadu so'a drata '''linyksu''' lo ka lo pilno be ce'u cu nitcu lo ka kurji ... ri xu}}

== Removing or simplifying the slinkuhi rules ==

Proposed by many and made official in TLI [[Loglan]]. Rationale is that
[[slinku'i]] in its current form makes the morphology unnecessarily hard to learn
and use in fluent speech. Also often part of calls to
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi do away with assigned rafsi],
since slinkuhi exists to favour words made of those.

=== Killing .oisai'yvla (brivla rafsi merger) ===

The least radical of the slinku'i proposals. '''sai'yvla''' would become a
valid word, removing the only instance where a string beginning with a single
consonant can be a slinku'i.

'''Newly grammatical''': sai'yvla

'''No longer grammatical''': .oisai'yvla (would parse as two words)

initial_rafsi = !slihykru extended_rafsi / y_rafsi / !any_fuhivla_rafsi y_less_rafsi !any_fuhivla_rafsi
any_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla / fuhivla_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_extended_rafsi = stressed_hy_rafsi / stressed_fuhivla_rafsi
extended_rafsi = hy_rafsi / fuhivla_rafsi
stressed_fuhivla_rafsi = fuhivla_head stressed_syllable consonantal_syllable* onset y
fuhivla_rafsi = &unstressed_syllable fuhivla_head onset y h?
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) h y onset
hy_rafsi = (long_rafsi unstressed_vowel / CCV_rafsi / CVV_rafsi) h y h?

=== slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi ===

This is what Loglan has implemented, and what Lojbanists usually mean by
"getting rid of slinku'i". '''sporte''' would become a valid word, but not
'''sli'a''', so that CVV and CV'V rafsi behave identically with regards to
hyphen requirements. Some also propose that sequences like '''dja'y-''' remain
as slinku'i so that brivla rafsi like '''-uidja'y-''' stay valid.

'''Newly grammatical''': sporte zdanco'o klesnai krinju

'''No longer grammatical''': .esporte .adjunte .asfalte bavlamdei faglitki .islenska lojbangirzu

slinkuhi = consonant CVV_final_rafsi
# Plus the changes above and optionally removal of the slihykru rule

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|mi nelci lo lenku '''djarpitsa'''}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i bazibo lo '''cridrimpe''' cu renro lo bolci be lo fagri mi}}
{{irci|len=10|latros|suf=(2011)|.i ro da poi ke'a '''cmacrordra''' zo'u ro de zo'u de me'au da de}}
{{irci|len=10|klaku|suf=(2012)|ko kibrolinki '''plokso'''}}
{{irci|len=10|danr|suf=(2014)|.i mi '''ckaklyzu'e''' mu'i lo nu tatpi ru'e .i ku'i za'u re'u casnu cu'e}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|lo nu da'i la datnymu'e remna cu simsa lo drata '''brotkaste''' pe BBC cu se cumki lo nu lo vreji be lo nu la .robin. cu fonxa tavla cu nenri lo '''brotkaste''' vau :P}}
{{irci|len=10|emna|suf=(2015)|no'i xu do jinvi co '''jbofnu''' mapti co selcme zo .emna}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2015)|ie i xu do ba favgau lo '''frontende'''}}
{{irci|len=10|omni___|suf=(2015)|lo ka sruri na '''dzistribu''' .i lo du'u lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule na nibli lo du'u ro lo tadni cu sruri lo ckule}}
{{irci|len=10|clakre|suf=(2016)|mi na se cmene zo '''clarke''' .i ku'i se cmene zo clakre}}
{{irci|len=10|uakci|suf=(2016)|.i je lo nu tai zukte cu se jalge lo nu do'e lo cmalu '''skrine''' cu za'u to zmadu lo na se me'oi br toi mei co linji}}
{{irci|len=10|la_aLEKsolas|suf=(2017)|ju'opei lo '''tsaibaklo''' lo vajraifla cu citka}}

=== No slinku'i at all ===

Under this option, '''vla'i''' would become a word and the lujvo for
'''balvi''' + '''lamji''' would come out as '''bavyla'i'''.

=== Transitional dialects ===

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] and others propose ways for slinku'i-ful and
slinku'i-less dialects to share the same lexicon. slinku'i-ful dialects could
import what they see as slinku'i by prepending a glottal stop. Relative to the
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo|suf=(lujvo–zi'evla merger)|lujvo-zi'evla merger]]
proposal below:

brivla = !cmavo brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
post_word = pause / !nucleus !slinkuhi lojban_word

slinku'i-less dialects could keep words that used to depend on slinku'i glue
together using an [[#Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo|extended CVCy-lujvo rule]].

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2017)|sei ca lo nu viska zo ckt cu pensi be '''lo. tcuktci''' bangu}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pu lo nu casnu cu pensi zo temkracabdu'i .i lo nu na birti pu mukti lo '''nu. pretsku'''}}

== Forbidding certain initial clusters ==

[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] proposes to remove all consonant triples as well as
'''ml-''' and '''mr-''' as initial clusters. Rationale is that [[jvajvo|regular prefixes]]
such as '''kam-''' would be less likely to cause [[tosmabru]], and that some
existing words (notably of CVCCCVCV shape) would be preserved
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|if slinku'i were to be abolished]].

Eight gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|mlana}} {{jvs|mlatu}}
{{jvs|mleca}} {{jvs|mledi}} {{jvs|mluni}} {{jvs|mraji}} {{jvs|mrilu}}
{{jvs|mruli}}.

Some other words no longer grammatical: citmle mlatejami mlongena mlumitu mri'au skripto skrolbake spranto strelka stribilo

other <- p / t !l / k / f / x / b / d !l / g / v / m !liquid / n !liquid
# initial replaced with initial_pair everywhere except inital_pair itself

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|su'a mi na'o nelci lo danlu .i lo '''maltu''' jo'a (to .u'i pei toi) cu mupli}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi nelci lo '''malna''' si frikative}}
{{irci|len=10|jelca|suf=(2017)|.i melbi fa lo tarci '''maltu'''}}

== Forbidding certain clusters altogether ==

[[User:Ctefaho|la ctefa'o]] proposes to forbid clusters '''md''', '''mt''',
'''nb''', '''np''', which are prone to assimilation.

27 gismu would need to be regenerated: {{jvs|canpa}} {{jvs|cenba}}
{{jvs|cimde}} {{jvs|cinba}} {{jvs|denpa}} {{jvs|famti}} {{jvs|femti}}
{{jvs|finpe}} {{jvs|janbe}} {{jvs|jimte}} {{jvs|kanba}} {{jvs|kumte}}
{{jvs|lanbi}} {{jvs|lunbe}} {{jvs|mamta}} {{jvs|nanba}} {{jvs|panpi}}
{{jvs|penbi}} {{jvs|semto}} {{jvs|senpi}} {{jvs|sumti}} {{jvs|tanbo}}
{{jvs|tinbe}} {{jvs|tunba}} {{jvs|vamtu}} {{jvs|vanbi}} {{jvs|zenba}}

Some other words no longer grammatical: bavlamdei cinpa'i donpre kinpau menbi'a prulamdei runbau samda'o vimku'a

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|timthelion_|suf=(2006)|do jinga lo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|dbrock|suf=(2007)|ta'o mi ro roi cusku zo titnamba}}
{{irci|len=10|codrus|suf=(2009)|.i mi citka lo grute titnamba}}

== Allowing some new medial clusters ==

Calls to make '''mz''' a valid cluster have always been commonplace.
[[User:Lalxu|la lalxu]] also proposes to allow '''n''' plus affricate clusters.

m <- comma* [mM] !h !glide !m
n <- comma* [nN] !h !glide !n

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|rlpowell|suf=(2005)|je'e .i ca lo mergu'e so'a mi'a salci lo '''bavlamzeldei''' po'o}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|mi badri lo nu do na '''samzva'''}}
{{irci|len=10|menli|suf=(2014)|.i ua la .randol.'''xolmz'''. noi loglo jatna cu ba'o se micka'a}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|lo '''larkamzi'e''' cu krali ro larfi'i}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi ca'o tcidu fi tau lo .itku'ile genkasu noi ba'u '''memzma''' la pa no no mei}}
{{irci|len=10|mungojelly|suf=(2015)|ni'o mi '''mumblenomzvati''' ca doi ro do}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.oi se'i mi za'u re'u xaksu lo '''temze'u''' si ze'u zei temci fau lo nu da'arta'a co palcau}}
{{irci|len=10|bongnanba|suf=(2016)|.i mu'a sei jijnu ti noi tabypinsi je pavmei jo'u ti noi penbi je pavmei va'o lo nu mi co'a ponse su drata pinsi cu na '''memze'a'''}}

== Adding a new diphthong ==

This is often part of proposals to add new series of cmavo, so that they can
both stay short and fit into the existing initial consonant patterns.
[[User:Spheniscine|la zipcpi]] has proposed '''[[Eulojban|eu]]''',
[[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] '''ui''' [uj].

== -y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger) ==

Proposed by many over the years, especially together with
[http://selpahi.weebly.com/lojban/how-to-get-rid-of-formal-rafsi removal of assigned rafsi].
Usually implemented by removing any detection of rafsi that isn't related to
slinku'i. slinku'i itself only applies at the beginning of a word, not after
hyphens.

BRIVLA = brivla
brivla = !cmavo !slinkuhi !slihykru !h brivla_head brivla_core &post_word
brivla_head = &syllable (unstressed_syllable / medial_syllable)*
brivla_core = stressed_syllable medial_syllable* final_syllable
medial_syllable = &(onset !vowel !diphthong) any_syllable
slihykru = (CCV_rafsi / stressed_CCV_rafsi) (h / initial_pair) y onset
rafsi_string = y_less_rafsi* (gismu / CVV_final_rafsi / stressed_y_less_rafsi short_final_rafsi / y_rafsi / stressed_y_rafsi / hy_rafsi / stressed_hy_rafsi))

For a slinku'i-less variant, change rafsi_string to the one
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|shown here]] and remove
initial_pair from slihykru.

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|kamsen|suf=(2007)|lo '''tavlrgedyflai''' be le lojbo cecmu}}
{{irci|len=10|timonator|suf=(2008)|i ki'u bo la anar dasni lo nukni se dasni be lo '''prenrpairyto'''}}
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2012)|i ji'asa'e '''mibykemymo'ydji'''}}
{{irci|len=10|zahlman|suf=(2012)|u'i pe'i lonu '''nanbrdonyto''' bevri cu no'e nu jarco loka tsali}}
{{irci|len=10|gleki|suf=(2014)|lo'e '''banfyracolotli''' cu nelci lo ka citka lo me'oi fpcalep vau sei mi pu reisku}}
{{irci|len=10|mukti|suf=(2014)|na nitcu lo cnino '''bauplyfuzykamni''' .i na manku .i lo jbopre cu lazni lo ka viska}}
{{irci|len=10|akmnlrse|suf=(2015)|.i mo .i la'a ca '''sipnybi''' gi'e ba ke fau gi '''ciknybi''' gi di'a gunrizu}}
{{irci|len=10|selpahi|suf=(2015)|.i .au pei mi '''merdjygau'''}}
{{irci|len=10|durka42|suf=(2015)|'''plisyta'oi''' je tcati}}
{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|mi pu zu pensi lo nu zo sfataba da'i valsi lo si'o za'e '''xorsyflai'''}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2017)|pe'i lo nu '''zi'evlygau''' tai tu'a di'u cu ji'i no roi xagzenri'a}}

== Expansion of the CVCy-lujvo rule to non-lujvo ==

Proposed by [[User:Selpahi|la solpahi]] and others. One of two ways to remove
this last bit of privilege given to traditional lujvo after
[[#-y syllables within non-lujvo (lujvo–zi'evla merger)|unifying brivla]] and
[[#slinku'i only on word-final or -'y rafsi|removing the slinku'i rule]].

This would turn streams of sound currently parsed as multiple words -- any
sequence of the form [cmavo not ending in y] [one or more cmavo ending in y]
[non-cmevla word] -- into single brivla. Notably, '''.a'y'''-style letterals
would very often require glottal stops after them.

CVCy_lujvo = onset nucleus medial_syllable+ (brivla / final_syllable)

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|mi pu '''mojyko''' lo du'u lo cabdei cu xavdei}}

== CCy-shaped cmavo ==

Proposed by [[User:Mudri|la mudri]] as a way to expand letteral space.

{{irci|len=10|ziren|suf=(2009)|doi '''djy.''' mi pu kibro ciska lo ve ciksi fe be la tenuar. pe mi}}

== Restricting cmevla to valid syllables ==

Proposed by [[User:Xorxes|la xorxes]] and others, as the simplest way of
reducing the amount of cmevla that the parser accepts but speakers find
ungrammatical.

cmevla = jbocme

'''In the wild'''
{{irci|len=10|tsani|suf=(2015)|.i xebni mu'i ra'u lo nu iy. jai nandu fai lo ka ce se pilno ci'e la .'''linukys'''.}}
{{irci|len=10|solpahi|suf=(2016)|.i do'a nai mi sinma la .'''kymir'''. ki'u lo nu ri troci lo ka tcidu}}

== Allowing glides after consonants in cmevla (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Ilmen|la .ilmen.]] and others, as sort of a counterpoint to the above proposal.

{{irci|len=10|Ilmen|suf=(2016)|ua la '''idiot'''.bot. co'a zifre}}
{{irci|len=10|lynn|suf=(2016)|.ua mi tirna fi tu'a la .teilr.'''suift'''. fe tu'a la'o xy. file_94.oga .xy.}}
{{irci|len=10|ilmen|suf=(2016)|.i xu zo .'''period'''. cmene fe ji'a lo namcu mocle'u lo glibau baupli}}

== Allowing glides after consonants, but not within initial clusters (partial revert of [[BPFK Section: Ban on consonant-glide-vowel strings|BPFK decision]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Tsani|la tsani]] and others.

== CGV syllables as alternative or replacement for CV'V cmavo and rafsi ([[La Alta]]) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]] and [[User:Aleksolas|la .aleksolas.]]

== Treatment of VGV sequences similarly to V'V (as in CLL) ==

Proposed by [[User:Gleki|la gleki]].

Template:Irci

2017-10-26T14:24:36Z

Cirko: curmi lo nu su'o da pritu lo cmene be lo .irci gi'e na pagbu lo se pruce be fi lo se skari

{|
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|{{#vardefine:col|{{{1}}}}}{{#vardefine:col|{{#invoke: BaseConvert
| convert
| n={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#var:col}}|pattern=[^A-Za-z%d]|replace=|count=all|plain=false}}
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font-weight: bold;
font-size: 12px;
text-align: right;
align:top;
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padding-left: 8px;
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text-decoration: none;
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|}

Template:Irci

2017-10-26T13:20:15Z

Cirko: curmi lo nu lo pilno cu jdice lo du'u ma kau ni clani fa lo pagbu pe lo cmene be lo .irci

{|
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|{{#vardefine:col|{{{1}}}}}{{#vardefine:col|{{#invoke: BaseConvert
| convert
| n={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{#var:col}}|pattern=[^A-Za-z%d]|replace=|count=all|plain=false}}
| base=10
| from=36
| precision=0
}}}}{{#vardefine:col|{{#expr: {{#var:col}} - {{#expr: floor(({{#var:col}})/360) }}*360}}}}{{#vardefine:cols|{{#expr: {{#var:col}} -11+360- {{#expr: floor(({{#var:col}}-11+360)/360) }}*360}}}}[[User:{{{1}}}|<span style="display: inline-block;
color: #000000;
//background: #f6e6b4; /* Old browsers */
//background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, hsl({{#var:col}},78%,90%) 0%, hsl({{#var:cols}},100%,80%) 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
//background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,hsl({{#var:col}},78%,90)), color-stop(100%,hsl({{#var:cols}},100%,80%))); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
//background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, hsl({{#var:col}},78%,90%) 0%,hsl({{#var:cols}},100%,80%) 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
//background: -o-linear-gradient(top, hsl({{#var:col}},78%,90%) 0%,hsl({{#var:cols}},100%,80%) 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
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background: linear-gradient(to bottom, hsl({{#var:col}},78%,90%) 0%,hsl({{#var:cols}},100%,80%) 100%); /* W3C */
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 12px;
text-align: right;
align:top;
width:{{{len|5}}}em;
padding-left: 8px;
padding-right: 8px;
padding-top: 3px;
padding-bottom: 3px;
text-decoration: none;
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border: 1px solid hsl({{#var:col}},85%,44%);
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border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px;-moz-border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px;-webkit-border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px;
white-space: nowrap;">{{{1}}}]]
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|}

CLL, aka Reference Grammar, Errata

2017-07-31T07:48:13Z

Cirko: ningau lo me zo misro moi

This page is for errata in [[The Complete Lojban Language|The Complete Lojban Language]], that is for mistakes such as typos, or self-contradictions, or contradictions with other baselined language definition material. This is '''not''' a page to put desiderata (suggestions for improvement); such suggestions should go to [[Suggestions for CLL, second edition|Suggestions for CLL, second edition]]. This is also not a page to put errata resulting from the 4th Baseline Grammar proposal (i.e., the [[PEG|PEG]] grammar); PEG grammar errata should go to [[CLL PEG Errata|CLL PEG Errata]].

An online version of the CLL incorporating the changes on this page [https://lojban.org/publications/cll/ is available].

See also [[What is Lojban errata|'What is Lojban?' errata]] (for the published version), Level 0 Booklet Errata [[Level 0 Booklet Errata Introduction|Level 0 Booklet Errata]] (for the pre-publication reviews; now finished), and [[Lessons Errata|Lessons Errata]] (for the beginners' course).

*The "✅DAG" tag means that http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/cll/ includes this fix, which also means it'll probably be in the next CLL version.
*The "milestone❓" tag means that https://lojban.org/publications/cll might contain the fix in future and might be included in the next CLL version (editing is done by contributors of a [https://github.com/lojban/cll github repository]).
*The "✅milestone" tag means that https://lojban.org/publications/cll contains the fix and is or will be included in the next printed CLL version (editing is done by contributors of a [https://github.com/lojban/cll github repository]).
*The "↴milestone" tag means that the bug is no longer relevant to https://lojban.org/publications/cll due to formatting changes or it's overriden by other fixes.
*"❗" marks changes included in one of the repositories but not approved by either John Cowan or camgusmis.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! ch !! appr !! incl !! prop !! Erratum
|-
| 1|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/258 1.2❓] ||
* The very first picture has a pedagogical error: "coi lojban." should be "coi .lojban." (This is an error even by pre-dotside standards, as pre-dotside, only {la}/{lai}/{doi} didn't require a pause before cmevla.)
** All/most cmevla need a once-over for dotside (some pre-dotside errors too, like {.alis})
|-
| 1|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* There is a paragraph at the very beginning of CLL, on page 4, with the sentence ''"In essence, Chapter 2 gives a brief overview of the language, Chapter 21 gives the formal structure of the language, and the chapters in between put semantic bones on that formal flesh."''
** Wouldn't it make more sense to say "put semantic flesh on those formal bones"?
|-
| 1|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, it says "Larry Horn's work ''The Natural History of Negation''". It would appear that everyone else calls it '''''A''' Natural History of Negation'', by '''Laurence''' (R.) Horn.
|-
| 2|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2.2 paragraph 2 says "o as in “dome”" but Australian/British English pronounces "dome" as per http://howjsay.com/index.php?word=dome&submit=Submit (i.e. a diphthong, which would be incorrect). This may result in many readers learning the wrong pronunciation of Lojban.
: This sort of issue also exists in the "Level 0 Booklet" publication.
: There must be a better example word that has the correct "o" for all dialects of English - is "lozenge" a good word?
: At the very least, specify which dialect is intended.
|-
| 2|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5 example 5.7 uses "ti" to point at a language, and should have its accompanying note changed to more accurately reflect that this is not how "ti" works.
|-
| 2|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6 Example 6.5 has "cu" as elidable, when in fact it is simply illegal there. Removed. ✅DAG
** uanai, I still see "cu" in DAG-CLL.
|-
| 2|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8 page 17 claims that "xu" is discussed in section 1.7, which happens to list the captions for all the chapter pictures.
** It should refer to Section 15. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] ✅DAG
*** The link in the current DAG-CLL is pointing to "2/2/15" instead of to "2/15".
*** [[la gleki]]: ✅1.1. Can't see problems with the link.
|-
| 2|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 10 says that example 10.3 (mi tavla do le tavla ku) means the same as (mi tavla do le tavla ku). Example 10.3 should be "mi tavla do le tavla", as it describes how "ku" may be omitted.
** It appears that example 10.3 is incorrect only in the online version, not the published book.|-
|-
| 2|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 17 says "Note that Example 17.3 has and requires a “cu” to prevent “bajra” and “klama” from forming a tanru, but Example 17.4 and Example 17.5 lack the unnecessary “cu”.", but example 17.3 is "la djan. ~np~[[cu|cu]]~/np~ klama le zarci".
** It appears that the offending sentence is present only in the online version, not the published book.
** [[la gleki]]: milestone 1.1 doesn't have this sentence, seems okay.
|-
| 2|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 17.9 is "le vi tavla ku cu ba klama" in the online version, and totally broken in the published book.
** Go with the online version.
|-
| 2|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/259 1.2❓] ||
* Example 17.9 in dag-cll as of 2012-05-05 is "le vi tavla ~np~[[ku|ku]]~/np~ cu ba klama". Since the same section has explained that tense tags make "cu" unnecessary, I think the example should be "le vi tavla ~np~[[ku|ku]] [[cu|cu]]~/np~ ba klama".
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
*A lot of the IPA examples use a space to indicate a syllable break. This is not standard IPA usage; according to IPA, the period “.” should be used to indicate a syllable division.
**[[la gleki]]:
***what are those examples?
*** Section 3 has some but those are probably only for CLL 2.0 or later
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 2, page 30: in the table the description of "apostrophe" should read "an unvoiced glottal spirant", not "a unvoiced".
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 2, digital version. The IPA table got horribly mangled somewhere along the way. It should look like (SAMPA column added):
** Sort-of [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]]; what I actually did is had Arnt review what someone entered in DAG-CLL, which presumably was based on the above. ✅DAG
{| class="wikitable"
|| Letter
|| IPA
|| SAMPA
|| Description
|-
|| '
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/h h]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/h h]
|| an unvoiced glottal spirant
|-
|| ,
|| -
|| -
|| the syllable separator
|-
|| .
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʔ ʔ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/CLL,+aka+Reference+Grammar,+Errata? ?]
|| a glottal stop or a pause
|-
|| a
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/a a], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɑ ɑ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/a a], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/A A]
|| an open vowel
|-
|| b
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/b b]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/b b]
|| a voiced bilabial stop
|-
|| c
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʃ ʃ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʂ ʂ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/S S], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s%60 s`]
|| an unvoiced postalveolar fricative
|-
|| d
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/d d]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/d d]
|| a voiced dental/alveolar stop
|-
|| e
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɛ ɛ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/e e]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/E E], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/e e]
|| a front mid vowel
|-
|| f
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/f f], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɸ ɸ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/f f], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p/ p\]
|| an unvoiced labial fricative
|-
|| g
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɡ ɡ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/g g]
|| a voiced velar stop
|-
|| i
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/i i]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/i i]
|| a front close vowel
|-
|| j
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʒ ʒ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʐ ʐ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Z Z], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z%60 z`]
|| a voiced postalveolar fricative
|-
|| k
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/k k]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/k k]
|| an unvoiced velar stop
|-
|| l
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l l], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l̩ l̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l l], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l= l=]
|| a voiced lateral approximant (may be syllabic)
|-
|| m
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m m], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m̩ m̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m m], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m= m=]
|| a voiced bilabial nasal (may be syllabic)
|-
|| n
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n n], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n̩ n̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ŋ ŋ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ŋ̩ ŋ̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n n], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n= n=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/N N], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/N= N=]
|| a voiced dental or velar nasal (may be syllabic)
|-
|| o
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/o o], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɔ ɔ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/o o], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/O O]
|| a back mid vowel
|-
|| p
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p p]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p p]
|| an unvoiced bilabial stop
|-
|| r
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r r], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɹ ɹ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɾ ɾ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʀ ʀ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r̩ r̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɹ̩ ɹ̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɾ̩ ɾ̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʀ̩ ʀ̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r r], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r/ r\], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/4 4], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/R/ R\], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r= r=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r/= r\=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/4= 4=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/R/= R\=]
|| a rhotic sound
|-
|| s
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s s]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s s]
|| an unvoiced alveolar sibilant
|-
|| t
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/t t]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/t t]
|| an unvoiced dental/alveolar stop
|-
|| u
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/u u]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/u u]
|| a back close vowel
|-
|| v
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/v v], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/β β]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/v v], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/B B]
|| a voiced labial fricative
|-
|| x
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/x x]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/x x]
|| an unvoiced velar fricative
|-
|| y
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ə ə]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/@ @]
|| a central mid vowel
|-
|| z
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z z]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z z]
|| a voiced alveolar sibilant
|}
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, page 30. for the second eng (immediately to the left of "(may be syllabic)") the syllabicity marker is concealed by the right tail.
** I can just barely see the marker under a good light. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** For future editions :-) , note that the IPA approves putting diacritics above rather than below the letter in cases like these. Unfortunately, the fonts hitherto available have not made this facility available, so outside the journal of the IPA itself, such over-diacritics are seldom seen. — nitcion
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/286 1.2❓] ||
* In section 3.2, the comma should (probably) be represented by the IPA notation <nowiki>[.]</nowiki>, as the period is used in IPA to denote syllable breaks.
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, page 30. For the Lojban phoneme /r/, the IPA symbol for a dental/alveolar voiced apical tap is given with a syllabicity marker below. A tap can't be syllabic, because it is by definition instantaneous. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Just remove that case altogether.
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/267 1.2❓] ||
* Section 2. The descriptions of ''c'' and ''j'' are listed as "coronal sibilant"s. The descriptions should read "voiceless postalveolar fricative" and "voiced postalveolar fricative", respectively.
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 3, third paragraph (page 31): "a unvoiced vowel glide" should be "an unvoiced vowel glide".
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, page 36. IPA for the unacceptable American flap variant of intervocalic ''t'' shows the GA ''r'' sound (upside-down r) instead of the flap (like an r with no vertical bit at the top — see the list of acceptible ''r'' variants on on page 44 where it appears correctly) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, page 36. (Same as previous erratum) The consonant is referred to as a flap, while it is actually a tap.
|-
| 3|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 7. In between the shaded boxes, "a pairing of voiced and unvoiced equivalent vowels" should read "a pairing of voiced and unvoiced equivalent consonants".
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8, page 38. IPA for pronunciation of "xapcke" has c where it should have S (long s).
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9, page 40. IPA for pronunciation of "dikyjvo" has j where it should have Z (that little script z thing)
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, page 46. What should be the Cyrillic letter ; is printed as something that looks like the Greek letter . Is this only a typographical variant of the ;, or is it a variant?
** This erratum is indecipherable and should be dropped, unless someone can reconstruct it. The Cyrillic letters look fine. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 3|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/260 1.2❓] ||
* Section 12, page 46. Replace the words "the hard sign" with an actual hard sign, U+044A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN.
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 12, page 47. "are/"esse" should probably be "are"/"esse" (the acute on the a may or may not have been left off, but the closing quote after are is definately missing.)
** My copy shows the acute.
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 4, page 54. The book states that fu'ivla with a form like ''spa'i'' are valid. They are not, they fail the slinku'i test.
**anyone can find that in post-1997 CLLs?
|-
| 4|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/262 1.2❓] ||
* Section 6, p 58, "-lac" in the third table in that section should be "-lac-"
|-
| 4|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, it says "Most cmavo that have rafsi are ones used in composing tanru (for a complete list, see Chapter 12)", but there is no such list in Chapter 12, or anywhere in the book (ju'osai). Perhaps it wants to point to the list of PA rafsi in Chapter 18 section 25? Or to the lists of tanru in Chapter 5 sections 14 and 15?
** What I probably meant was that Chapter 12, taken as a whole, discusses the cmavo used in constructing tanru. I don't think any specific list ever existed. I'd just drop the parenthetical sentence.
** Related is the general problem of constructing tanru out of arbitrary cmavo, like what {lo ve lujvo be fo lu <ga'e zei lerfu> li'u} should be. {ze'oi} was invented for that purpose... probably too experimental for CLL though.
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, just after example 6.9. It says "some of the unreduced forms in the previous example", but it is not referring to the previous example: it is referring all the way back to examples 6.1 and 6.2, so it should be "some of the unreduced forms in the previous example'''s'''".
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least)
** [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Refer explicitly to 6.1 and 6.2
** [[la gleki]]: In CLL 1.1 it's probably the phrase "In addition, the unreduced forms in Example 4.27 and Example 4.28 may be fully reduced to:"
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, page 60. In example 6.16, the word "xarnykarce" is glossed as "war-car". Either the gloss should be updated to reflect the veljvo ("stubborn-car"), or the lujvo should be updated to reflect the gloss "jamkarce"
** The latter [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/268 1.2❓] ||
* Section 7, making a type 3 fu'ivla, step 5 should read "steps 1-4", not "steps 1-5". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 7, step 5 of the Stage 3 fu'ivla: "if the rafsi ends in ''r'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''n'' (or vice versa) use an ''l''-hyphen" should read "if the rafsi ends in ''r'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''n'', ''tc'', ''ts'', ''dz'' or ''dj'', or the rafsi ends in ''n'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''r'' use an ''l''-hyphen". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* The end of section 7 seems to imply that cmene are exempt from the normal restrictions on consonant clusters as long as each consonant pair is valid.
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8. Example 8.10 ''djandjonz'' is not valid lojban as it contains the forbidden consonant sequence `ndj`. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Replace with a different name.
** Replacing with "John Brown" as "djanbraun". mi'e la [[User:Robin Lee Powell|.camgusmis.]] ✅DAG
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* Section 8, page 66. Example 8.12. Says that the gismu "solri" means "actually, 'pertaining to the sun'". This is false. According to the gismu list, it means ''is''a sun.
** Leave this one alone. As a seltau, "solri" does indeed mean "solar". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 11, 5a) ''Examine all the C/C consonant pairs that join the CVC rafsi, and also the pair between the last CVC and the X portion, ignoring any "y"-hyphen before the X.'' should read instead: ''Examine all the C/C consonant pairs up to the first "y"-hyphen, or up to the end of the word in case there are no "y"-hyphens.''
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 12. In Examples 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 the calculations are given as 32500 minus the score, instead of simply the score. (Probably from previous versions of the algorithm.)
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 13, page 74, third table: there is no space between "lojbaugri" and "lojbangygri", so that they are run into one word in the second column of the table.
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15 states that "dzipo" comes from "cadzu cipni" ("walking bird"). This fails to make sense either etymologically or semantically (If the name refers to penguins, there are a lot of other features of Antarctica that are more prominent and not shared by other places). I suspect that the word may actually come from "dizlo daplu" ("low island"), which is a somewhat more reasonable name.
** Not an erratum, the word really does come from "caDZu cIPni". That it fails to make sense doesn't change the fact that that is how they constructed it. The etymologies of "bemro" and "ketco" make even less sense, by the way.
*** Correct, but the etymologies are what they are. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/263 1.2❓] [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/273 1.2❓] ||
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/m/?fromgroups#!topic/lojban/s9P3LoGj5TI Etymology of ''misro''] from ''Mizrahim'' seems like an unnecessary and surprising detour. Linking it to ''misr'' makes more sense. mu'o mi'e .[[User:iesk|iesk]]. 16:47, 10 avgusto 2013 (UTC)
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, example 6.15: It says {xamgu jo cortu nuntavla}, and the gloss says {(good if-and-only-if short) speech}, but {cortu} means "hurt", not "short".
** ✅DAG (changed to {tordu}) (in zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 6.16: vajni ju selpluka nuntavla , (important whether-or-not pleasing) event-of-talking
** Should be pluka, not selpluka. [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
|-
| 5|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/264 1.2❓] ||
* Section 8 says "involving selma'o VOhA and GOhI, explained in Chapter 7", but VOhA doesn't appear in Chapter 7. VOhA doesn't even seem to be a selma'o, for that matter. Also, probably GOhI should be GOhA?
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8, page 96/97: Example 8.13 needs some kind of terminator (like "be'o") before the "co".
|-
| 5|| - || - || - ||
* Also, the preceding paragraph suggests that "be" is the only way to fill selbri places other than x1. This is not the case: "mi le zarci cu klama co sutra" would also work.
** I don't agree that there's any such suggestion, although adding a second possibility is fine with me. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 9 lists "kei" as the terminator for nu, but it's not only for nu, but for all of NU.
|-
| 5|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/269 1.2❓] ||
* Section 12 the text says examples 121 and 122 "use {ke} grouping and {bo} grouping respectively", but it isn't true. Example 121 uses only implicit tanru grouping, while 122 in fact uses {ke} grouping. Also, the text says they are equivalent in meaning, but they aren't (in the first one, {cadzu} groups with {masno}). Perhaps it's missing a {bo}? The translations of examples 121-126 are all affected by this false claim of equivalence.
** "normal grouping" 1.2❓
|-
| 5|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, last example says that {broda be fi ko'i ko'e} has {ko'e} in the x4 place because {be fi} moves the counter to 3. jbofi'e disagrees, but this may not be a CLL errata -- I haven't checked the linkargs section yet to see if it is consistent.
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, page 104 says "dadylsi" for "dadysli".
|-
| 5|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/265 1.2❓] ||
* Section 14, page 105 uses "zdani lijgri" in the example list, but the paragraph after, as well as the next list, refer to "zdani linji" and "linji zdani".
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, page 105 has the lujvo "cpumi'i" but defines it at the bottom of the set as "cpami'i".
** cuami'i s pull-machine, so using that
|-
| 5|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 106 says "plise tapla" for "apple cake". Does Turkish really refer to a cake as a tile, or is this a misunderstanding of the definition of "tapla"?
** No, it's that {tapla} can mean both cake and tile, as the gismu list shows; it's a generic word for a flat 3-D shape, or short cylinder. Stet. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 108 says "tumla spisa". This should probably be "tumla pagbu", since pieces of land are not actually detached.
** What makes you think that spisa have to be detached? Stet. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 14, page 109 says "rostu mojysu'a". "rostu" is not a Lojban gismu, nor an Old Loglan primitive. It's supposed to be "mrostu".
** "Mrostu" is correct, and that's the reading of the online version. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/270 1.2❓] ||
* Section 14, "nunkilbra" is clearly not "sharpener", and even if it was using the right rafsi for cabra, that strikes me as a pretty crappy lujvo; needs zenba or zmadu or binxo or something.
** {{jvs|nunkilca'a}} 1.2❓
|-
| 5|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 112 lists numerous tanru examples whose meanings are hypernyms of the tertau instead of hyponyms. This contradicts the primariness of the tertau as defined on page 84. The word "ja" should probably be inserted between the constituents, or the entire section should be removed.
** Stet. Lions can't be made of stone, but {rokci cinfo} is a legitimate tanru nonetheless. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 6|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* End of section 2, it says "compound negator ``naku'' (discussed in Chapter 15)", but "naku" is never mentioned in chapter 15; indeed, the only uses of the word {ku} at all are after the words {ji'u} or {na'i}. Chapter 16 talks about {naku}.''
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 6|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 12, p. 138 claims that the sumti in examples 12.2 and 12.3 operate like examples 2.5 and 3.6 respectively. "2.6 and 3.6" is almost surely what was meant.
|-
| 6|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 11 Example 11.2 occurs twice.
|-
| 6|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2 has examples 2.3 and 2.5 to show the difference between {lo} and {le}. Example 2.5 and the subsequent text say that {lo nanmu cu ninmu} is necessarily false in lojban since {noda nanmu gi'e ninmu}. This contributes to trans-erasure, and should be revised.
|-
| 6|| - || - || - ||
* In section 5 between examples 5.2 and 5.3, it says that the typical lion best exemplifies the set of lions. This is false, it exemplifies not the set, but the members of that set.
|-
| 6|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/266 1.2❓] ||
* In section 14, example 1.93, the quote delimiter {kuot} needs a preceding pause.
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5. http://lojban.github.io/cll/7/6/index.html. 6.14 is usage with outer repeating. It would seem that was a mistake. Looking at that, it seems like the author expects {nei} to repeat the entire outermost bridi, and expects {no'a} to repeat the outer bridi alone, somehow without the current innermost bridi. Or something. Definitely seems mistaken to me. so with zo'e in place of the abstraction clause. In this case, maybe with {zi'o}, actually. That would be useful but it would be nice if that had been explicit.
|-
| 7|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 6, page 155 has a note below example 6.13 that says, in part: "The Lojban does not contain an equivalent of the "my" in colloquial English;" and then goes on to explain how example 6.13 could be modified to include the relationship between the speaker and their son and daughter. I believe you could say "le mi bersa" or "le bersa pe mi" to express the English "my," therefor removing the (presumably inaccurate) note and making the Lojban translation more accurate.
** Sure you could, but the point of the note (which is ''not'' inaccurate) is not teaching how to use relative clauses, but to clarify that the idiomatic English version contains more information than the Lojban version does. Stet.
|-
| 7|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, page 156 has ''karca'' for ''karce''.
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
<pre>
Example 7.39.
A: mi ba klama le zarci
A: I [future] go-to the store.
A: I am going to the store.
B: mi nelci le si'o mi go'i
B: I like the concept-of I [repeat-last-bridi].
B: I like the idea of my going.
A: do go'e
A: You [repeat-last-bridi-but-one].
A: You'll go, too.
...
Example 7.45.
mi ba lumci le mi karce
I will wash my car.
you might reply either:
Example 7.46.
mi go'i
I will wash your car.
or:
Example 7.47.
mi go'i ra'o
I will wash my car.
The ra'o forces the second mi from the original bridi to mean the new speaker rather than the former speaker. This means that go'e ra'o would be an acceptable alternative to do go'e in B's statement in Example 7.39.
</pre>
* After example 6.18 is a paragraph that quotes non-existent text from example 6.10. "go'e ra'o" should read "go'i ra'o" and "do go'e" should read "mi go'i"
** The correct correction is to replace "B's statement" with "A's second statement". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** Not really. "go'e ra'o" in A's second statement would mean the same as "go'e", which is wrong. The original correction is valid though.
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
*Section 6, the exceptions to the anaphora rules are almost certainly incomplete. In particular "ma" and "ce'u" definitely warrant exceptions.
|-
| 7|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, example 7.7 has "mi zbasu loi mudri zi'o" for "mi zbasu le dinju zi'o"
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 8, p. 158 implies that ''vo'a''-series anaphora refer to sumti of the bridi they themselves are sumti of. This contradicts the cmavo list, and is incorrect: ''vo'a''-series anaphora (according to the ma'oste) refer to sumti of the outermost bridi within the current sentence. This makes them logophors/long distance reflexives, rather than short-distance reflexives, as is normal in human language. Thus, in ''mi nelci lenu do prami vo'a'', ''vo'a''means ''mi'', not ''do''.
**'''-->'''[[Why the Book is Right and the ma'oste is Wrong|Why the Book is Right and the ma'oste is Wrong]]
***Which of the two cases is normal in human language? If you'd written it in Lojban, I'd know!
**** I'd guess that short-distance is normal, b/c otherwise it would not be worth comparing the two. But of course in lojban we wouldn't have to glork that.
***** Short-distance is indeed normal, but Lojbanists have consistently used long-distance. Nick wrote a peer-reviewed paper on this. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 7|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 7.8.5 (p159): bajra on third line should be bajykla, like the others.
|-
| 7|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/271 1.2❓] ||
* Section 8, it says "Example 9.3 is a truly pregnant question..." when example 9.2 is the pregnant question, and example 9.3 is a better way of expressing "Who are you?"
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, it says "Finally, lujvo involving ``zi'o'' are also possible, and are fully discussed in Chapter 12", but nowhere does Chapter 12 mention the word {zi'o}, much less lujvo involving it. This is probably a Chapter 12 erratum.''
|-
| 8|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In Section 3 the example 3.20 should have {xance} instead of {xanci}, which is definitely a typo. --idontknw
|-
| 8|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || - ||
* Section 8, p. 181: 8.1) ''li pai noi na'e frinu namcu''should be ''li pai noi na'e frinu cu namcu''.
** looks fine. **na'e frinu namcu** forms a tanru.
|-
| 8|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, Example 8.6, the third line, "I runningly-go to-this [[reciprocity|reciprocity]] [[x3 of this bridi|x3 of this bridi]] from-that", is not the usual decent English one would expect in that position; replaced with "I run to this from that and vice versa." is dag-cll ✅DAG
|-
| 8|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/288 1.2❓] ||
* Section 9, example 9.2 is ''co'o xirma''. Then, ''Note that Example 9.2 says farewell to something which doesn’t really have to be a horse, something that the speaker simply thinks of as being a horse, or even might be something (a person, for example) who is named "Horse". In a sense, Example 9.2 is ambiguous between "co'o le xirma" and "co'o la xirma"''. Is this true?
** Yes, in the sense that all uses of "le" ''might'' mean "la". But it's probably more confusing than it's worth. Truncate after "thinks of as being a horse". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
*** Not sure that is right. I think too much focus in general has been given to {le}'s "non-veridicality", when it is merely more of an outgrowth of it being a deictic/phoric descriptor. In general, {le nanmu} does refer to a {nanmu}, but sometimes it may not because the deictic/phoric needs supercede veridicality (If someone has been called "the man" but you want to assert that "he"'s actually a woman, well, you get the {le nanmu cu ninmu} example.) My point though, is that I'm not sure one can just say "{le} might actually mean {la}". Certainly it'd be unusual to say that a speaker thinks of someone named "Horse" as being a horse. -- [[User:Spheniscine]]
|-
| 8|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/288 1.2❓] ||
* Section 9 says ''In vocative phrases which are simple names (after the vocative words), any relative clauses must come just after the names''. This isn't true. Relative clauses can go between the vocative and the cmevla. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Drop it; it reflects an earlier state of the language.
**[[la gleki]]:
*** will require changes in the following paragraph with selbri + relative clauses in vocatives.
|-
| 8|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 10, example 10.3 uses "ke'a goi ko'e zo'u ko'a zbasu ke'a" but glosses it as "(IT = it2 : it1 built it2)". The assigned "ko'e" is not used as expected or described, and should probably be "ko'a zbasu ko'e". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Yes, "ko'a zbasu ko'e" is clearly what's meant. ✅DAG
|-
| 9|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, place structure of ''pilno'' is missing "for purpose x3".
|-
| 9|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, the examples 8.5 and 8.6 are supposed to mean the same thing, but do not.
** Please elaborate. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
*** 8.5 means "I gave the book to John, because John gave the money to me" but 8.6 means "John gave the money to me because I gave the book to John."
** ✅DAG [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 9|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 11, description of the meaning of ".ije seri'a tu'e" contradicts the explanation of Example 9.9, which would suggest ".ije ri'a tu'e".
|-
| 9|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* section 17, "pertained to by concerning" should be separated, with "concerning" should be in the last column of the table
|-
| 9|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* section 17 "from source as an origin of" should be two entries; "from source" and "as an origin of" ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL???''
|-
| 10|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Sections 4, 18: missing "cu" in examples 4.8, 18.3, 18.6* Section 18, examples 18.3 and 18.6 are missing a cu/ku, so the examples have no main selbri.
|-
| 10|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/289 1.2❓] ||
* Section 4, "when both spatial and temporal tense cmavo are given in a single tense construct, the temporal tense is expressed first" disagrees with the rule simple-tense-modal-972 in the BNF grammar.
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9, example 9.9 on page 227 has "cirli" for "cirla".
|-
| 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, the explanation of the meaning of the second "pu" in example 12.2 conflicts with the rule in section 13 that tenses in subordinate bridi are relative to the tense of the main bridi.
|-
| 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, example 12.6 translates morsi as "die" rather than "am dead" in the translation (as opposed to the gloss).
|-
| 10|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 16, at the end, the X and Y in the 3 forms don't fit properly (the 3rd doesn't match the first two). I recommend, copying from Section 23 (where they are written again correctly):
<pre>
X .i TENSE bo Y
TENSE gi X gi Y
Y TENSE le nu X
</pre>
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 17, example 17.12 should not have the second "bevri".
|-
| 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 18, example 18.9 is supposed to show scalar negation of tenses not limited to PU and FAhA, but the example tense is ri'u (FAhA2).
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 19, example 19.10 should have "ba", not "pu", and "<nowiki>[future]</nowiki>", not "<nowiki>[past]</nowiki>".
|-
| 10|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/289 1.2❓] ||
* Section 21, example 21.1 doesn't seem to parallel the English gloss and translation: the Lojban version implies that "I throw the gun", and not "I fire the gun".
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 25, examples 25.1 and 25.2 have ''lu'a'' for ''la'u''.
|-
| 10|| ✘Cowan || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/289 1.2❓] ||
* Section 25, this whole section is at odds with the formal grammar. It says: ''It is grammatical for a termset to be placed after a tense or modal tag rather than a sumti''. But that is in fact incorrect, it is not grammatical for a termset to be the argument of a tag.
** Unfortunately true. Termsets suck rocks, and some work will have to be done to make everything said about them consistent -- if it is even possible. Personally, I'd like to just burn them. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 27: MOhI see Section 28, not 27.
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 4: The use of ka in Example 4.4 (page 259) is erroneous; it should be du'u. --[[John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Last paragraph of section 7 references chapter 5 for a discussion of "lu'e". lu'e isn't mentioned in chapter 5. Probably chapter 6 is meant here.
** Yes, should be Section 5.10. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** [[la gleki]]:
**** should be Section 6.10 and is so in milestone 1.1.
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9, page 266 has "sao'rdzifa'a" instead of "sa'ordzifa'a".
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* The same example (9.6) also has kuctra instead of kuctai
|-
| 11|| - || - || - ||
* The book title in example 9.6 seems to be incorrect: "The Crucifixion of Jesus Considered As A Downhill Bicycle Race" is actually "[http://www.evergreenreview.com/102/fiction/duo.html The Crucifixion Considered As An Uphill Bicycle Race]."
** Unapproved
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 10: Paragraph above example 10.7 references "Chapter 11". That should read "Chapter 10".
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ↴1.1 || - ||
* Section 12, page 269 has examples 13.1 and 13.2, those should be called 12.1 and 12.2.
** not applicable to milestone 1.1 that has another system of numeration and is fine in regards to this bug [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 04:36, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 2, page 275. The paragraph under Example 2.3 refers to it as Example 2.4 (2.4 doesn't even exist).
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/281 1.2❓] ||
* Section 5, right after example 5.7. It says "a" instead of "an".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, page 280. Example 6.6 should have a space between "la spat." and "noi".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, page 282. Example 7.5 has "bansoi" instead of "balsoi".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 11, page 285 has "xascakcurnu" instead of "xasycakcurnu".
|-
| 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12 refers to "nunklama" as the same lujvo as "nunkla". Even if these are equivalent alternatives it would be less confusing to be consistent.
|-
| 12|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 12 claims that -jax- is a rafsi for {jai}, but it isn't in http://www.lojban.org/publications/wordlists/rafsi.txt. Does {jai} have a rafsi or not?
** It should, but somehow it never got into the gismu list, and consequently not into the rafsi list either. Stet, and we'll add it to the gismu list. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
***[[la gleki]]:
****by a request from me Robin added it to la jbovlaste some years ago. But still gimste.txt lacks it.
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 12, right at the end, says that {fai} is explained in Chapter 11, but Chapter 11 makes no mention of {fai}. Only chapters 9 and 10 do.
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 14, example 14.2. Missing < /pre > tag, and missing < pre> tag following explanatory paragraph.
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, page 291. The paragraph under example 14.7 says "se xance mindu" instead of "se xance minde".
|-
| 12|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/282 1.2❓] ||
* Section 15, two paragraphs before example 15.7. It says "There are some comparative concepts which are in which the 'se zmadu' is difficult to specify." The "which are in which" seems grammatically incorrect.
** Drop "which are". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.1, the x4 of {zmadu} and {mleca} should be "by amount" or "by quantity", not "in quantity".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 15, page 294, example 15.14. "la ainctain" needs a period before it because it starts with a vowel.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Many incidents of not having periods in front of vowel-initial cmavo.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In section 2, p. 300 references to the examples for .ue and .uecu'i are flipped. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 3, page 303, example 3.9. "e'e" needs a period before it.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 3: 3.13: ".ianai do pu pensi le nu tcica mi": {pensi} is malgli and tcica1 is not an agent
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 3, page 303, example 3.10. "tisna" needs to be replaced with "tisygau".
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 4, page 305. The scale with the gismu mnemonics is misaligned with the scale with the members of selma'o CAI. "sai" should be tabbed one place left, so that it aligns with tsali, &c.
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, it says "It is not clear how much use logically connected abstractors will be: see Chapter 13." It should be "Chapter 15."
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 10, page 313. There is a missing space between "continue emotion" and "end emotion".
** milestone 1.1 looks fine.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* <nowiki>Section 15. A sample dialogue 15.4) / [Comment] Pam says, [Please] Alice, [end-of-comment] / [Comment] Pam says, [end-of-comment] [Please] Alice,/</nowiki> [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.5 /xamgu/gleki/ ?
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.10) /fi'i ro zvati ko pinxe pa ckafi/fi'i ro zvati .i ko pinxe pa ckafi/
** No, this one is perfectly fine: "fi'i ro zvati" is a vocative phrase, which is a free modifier, meaning that it can occur almost anywhere. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.13) /fi'o selpleji mi/fi'o pleji mi/
** And "with payer" rather than "with payment"; ey's not paying with emself! -- camgusmis
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* ".ai mi benji do le ckana" with gloss "[intent] I transfer you to-the bed". I think benji               should be replaced with muvgau.
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.13. Wrong use of {selfu}. {bevri} would fit better.
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* "mi facki fi lemi mapku" is used repeatedly for "I found my hat". While this is not wrong, it's bad style and makes the gloss awkward in respect to the translation. Replacing "facki" with "zvafa'i" would remove the problem and make it more precise.
|-
| 14|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/280 1.2❓] ||
* Section 6, example 3: "Alices" should be "Alice" without -s.
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8, right before example 8.9 is "producing example 8.10" which should in fact read "producing example 8.9".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9: between example 9.10 and 9.11, "identified" should read "identical"
|-
| 14|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 11, example 4: The gloss seems to have a misplaced "[plus]".
** milestone 1.1 looks fine [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 04:50, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 11, right before section 12. It says "termsets...are explained in Chapter 12 and Chapter 16" but chapter 12 (which is on lujvo) makes absolutely no mention of termsets. Chapters 9 and 10 discuss termsets.
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 14, example 14.15 is not grammatical (according to jbofi'e and camxes) because it says "pe'e .e" when it should say "pe'e je".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, example 14.16 mentions "sorme", which is probably Old Loglan, and should be replaced by "mensi".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, "the stated gloss of TFTTas “only if” works naturally only when the right-hand bridi is true; if it is false, the left-hand bridi may be either true or false." changed to "the stated gloss of TFTTas “only if” works naturally only when the right-hand bridi is false; if it is true, the left-hand bridi may be either true or false."
|-
| 14|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 15, example 15.8 is missing a dot after "la lojban".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 15, right after 15.9, it says "example 14.17" where it should say "example 15.9" (14.17 does not exist).
|-
| 14|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.9 is not grammatical; it should be "la djan. fa'u la frank. cusku nu'i bau la lojban. pe'e fa'u bai la djordj.".
|-
| 14|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 17, example 17.4 is wrong. The section explains that mekso operators can be logically connected using {gu'e ... gi ...}, but this example tries to connect them with {ge ... gi ...}. Replace {ge} with {gu'e} in the example to correct it.
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/284 1.2❓] ||
* Section 19, example 19.4 is translated as "I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things is-at Jupiter or-else I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things isn't-at Jupiter" but really it's "I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things is-at Jupiter or-else I '''do-not''' opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things '''is-at''' Jupiter". So 19.4 is actually true, not false as it is claimed to be.
** Correct, so this example will need replacing. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** 1.2❓ by replacing '''cu''' with '''na'''. [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 00:31, 15 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 14|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Also there isn't really a reason for it to say a mass of living things and not some individual living things.
** Stet. The author prefers it that way, thankyouverymuch. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]].
|-
| 15|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, missing < /pre > tag after example 2.8 and < pre> tag before example 2.9.
|-
| 15|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 4, example 4.12 /nake/na'eke/
|-
| 15|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 9, two paragraphs above example 9.4 the word "negativ" should be "negative".
|-
| 15|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 9: Is there supposed to be any difference between ex. 9.5 and 9.6?
** That problem is only in the online version.
*** not in milestone 1.1 [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:09, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 15|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/285 1.2❓] ||
* Section 10, three paragraphs after example 10.14, there's a semicolon which should be a comma after "(say, a spelling error)".
|-
| 15|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 10, it says "'ji'una'iku' metalinguistically says that something is wrong with that assumption. (See Chapter 10.)". Shouldn't that be Chapter 9, modals?
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]].
|-
| 15|| - || - || - ||
* change "A ``na'' before the selbri is always transformed into a ``naku'' at the left-hand end of the prenex, and vice versa." to: "A ``na'' before the selbri is always transformed into a ``naku'' at the right-hand end of the prenex, and vice versa."
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 5, example 5.5: English has "every Y" when it should read "every X"
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, example 6.6 has a missing "cu" before "viska".
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, the explanation of example 8.3 says "any entity which is one is also the other". That would be true if the example used {go}, but it uses {ganai}. 8.3 does not claim that if something walks across the field then it goes to the store. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Change it to use {go}. ✅DAG
** Same place: needs to bo {da go}, not {go da} And the gloss should be "For-every X: X is-a-goer-to the store if-and-only-if it is-a-walker-on the field." ✅DAG
|-
| 16|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, example 8.3. Either the {da} should come before the {ganai} (or, by the previous ^ erratum, {go}) and the gloss should be changed to only mention "X" once, or a {da} should be inserted before {cadzu}.
** ✅DAG chose first option since it's terser (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* This: "Adjacent negation boundaries in the prenex can be dropped," reads better as "Adjacent pairs of negation boundaries in the prenex can be dropped,"
** [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
*** The online version says "Adjacent double negation boundaries", but I'm okay with either "double" or "pairs of". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 16|| ✘Cowan || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/290 1.2❓] ||
* Section 10, ex. 10.5 and 10.6 have a prenex, "naku zo'u", after an ijek. This is not allowed by the grammar. It could be fixed by removing the "zo'u" and using "naku" outside the prenex, although this is only explained in the following Section 11.
** This is a big problem, and I'm not sure what should be fixed. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 12, ex. 12.7 and 12.9 have missing "cu"s.
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, Example 14.1 has "blaci" (glass) not "blabi" (white) as per the English.
|-
| 16|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/257 1.2❓] ||
* A few missing {ku'o}: ex 1.89, ex 1.92
** [[la gleki]]: ex.16.89, ex.16.92 plus ex.16.83.
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 5, after example 5.1, paragraph starting "However, " has incorrect font.
|-
| 17|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5, in the second paragraph after example 5.1, says 'the lerfu word “ty” would represent not Latin “t” but Greek “tau”.' Shouldn't it be "ty."?
|-
| 17|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 9, page 421. lerfu strings are written without pauses or spaces, even though BY words have to end with a consonant.
** Stet. BY words do not end with a consonant, and a string of them can never be ambiguous, so pauses/spaces are not required. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/283 1.2❓] ||
* Section 9, Example 9.4: shouldn't "symyjy" be "symydy" (lojban morphology)?
|-
| 17|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 10. After Example 10.4.5, the reference to Example 10.4 should be instead to Example 10.4.5.
**In the current DAG-CLL, the examples numbering is sane, but after Example 10.3, the two references to Example 10.4 should be to Example 10.3.
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Right before section 12, there is a line break in the middle of the paragraph.
|-
| 17|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* In section 13, the first paragraph states "Historically, these character sets have only covered the English alphabet and a few selected punctuation marks.", which is incorrect. There have been multitudes of character sets for writing systems other than the English alphabet.
** Change to something along the line of "Historically, each of these character sets has only covered a particular writing system."
|-
| 17|| - || - || - ||
* Section 17, page 427. ".tvriydos. bu" begins with the consonant cluster, which isn't even permissible medially.
** change to tyvriydos
*** [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
**** Actually, it should be "tyvrdos. bu" --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
***** тврьдо => <nowiki>[tvrido]</nowiki> (ignoring length) => '''tyvriydos. bu''' given that ь is always Lojbanized as '''iy''' [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 00:20, 29 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In the table in section 19, the lervla for over-dot (".garmoc. bu") and over-ring (".garjin. bu") should be updated to their post-Reallocation forms, ".gapmoc. bu" and ".gapyjin. bu".
|-
| 17|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 19 has two columns run together in the row that says "Danish/Latin aetei .abu .ebu foi"
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* [https://lojban.github.io/cll/18/10/ ju'u] is in VUhU. It should be of the type PA. Notice how {pi} and {ni'u} and {ka'o} and {ci'i} and {fi'u} are all of type {pa}, so they can go in a numerical literal between digits. especially {ka'o}, which can separate the real part and imaginary part to make a complex literal, and similarly {su'o} and {su'e} can separate numbers to make intervals.
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/278 1.2❓] ||
* Section 3, ex. 3.10, should translate as ".1012001".
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In section 4 example 4.5 is linked instead of 4.7 - "Example 4.5 is not ``1 minus 2'', <nowiki>[.. ..]</nowiki>" where example 4.5 is just "te'o".
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 5, p437 ex5.9 gloss: our -> four
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, p438: j vu'u -> vu'u
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Start of section 11 should read there are five members of MOI (not four).
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 11, ex 11.10 on va'e "sofi'upano" in the example is glossed as "8/10" instead of "9/10".
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 11, "lei ratcu poi zvati le panka cu so'umei fo lo'i ratcu", but there is no 4th place of mei.
** Remove the "fo";
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 14.4 needs a sub-2 after both numbers.
|-
| 18|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/291 1.2❓] ||
* In section 17, example 17.5, {gi} should be replaced by {gu'e}, because mekso operators are to be connected by guheks. This is essentially the same mistake as in example 14/17.4.
|-
| 18|| - || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In section 17, the English translation for example 17.6 has the formula rendered wrong in the HTML version. The fraction bar should be added (it is invisble currently), and the words "then x =" should be vertically aligned to the fraction bar (they are currently aligned to the numerator).
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/291 1.2❓] ||
* In section 17, at the bottom of page 454, the quadratic formula should be described as a classic example of operator logical connection, not operand.
|-
| 18|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 17, 17.7 (li no ga'o bi'o ke'i pa) is *not* equivalent to 17.9 (li pimu su'i ni'upimu bi'o ma'upimu). I (rlpowell) have replaced bi'o with "bi'o ke'i" in the latter. NOT APPROVED but ✅DAG
|-
| 18|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 17, the Lojban of 17.8 (li pimu ga'o mi'i ke'i pimu) is not equivalent to 0.5 ± 0.5, regardless of how the latter is interpreted; I (rlpowell) have removed that English equivalency. NOT APPROVED but ✅DAG
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* Section 20, p458: -established -> established [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
**no longer approved by JCowan [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:14, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 18|| ✘Cowan || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/291 1.2❓] ||
* Section 21 states that the rafsi of "frinu" may be used as rafsi for "fi'u"; however, "frinu" lost both of its short rafsi in the Reallocation, so this really isn't very useful. The table below lists "fi'u" as a rafsi usable for "fi'u", therefore of "frinu"; the gimste lists "fi'u" as a rafsi of "cfipu".
** This is a serious problem which needs some thought. There needs to be a rafsi for fi'u somehow. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
** simply use the long rafsi [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:49, 25 September 2015 (PDT)
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Section 18.26 says that '''cu'o''' is a rafsi of '''cu'o''': "cu'o (borrowed from cunso...". This makes no sense since one rafsi can't belong to two words.
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* Section 21 "“se” can be used to convert an operator as if it were a selbri, so that its arguments are exchanged." is a false statement. {{jvs|se}} converts tanru-unit-2, not selbri. Anyway, just say "“se” is also used to exchange arguments of an operator". [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:49, 25 September 2015 (PDT)
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 22 example 22.3, "mo'e voboi renomei su'i ze", does not parse.
** It needs "vei" in front to be a quantifier (an operand by itself is not a permitted fragment). Also, the following text mentions "te'u" but the example omits it.
*** None of those examples parse without {li}, which I have added to all. Replaced the one in question with "li mo'e voboi renomei te'u su'i ze"
|-
| 18|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 25. The rafsi for "so'e", -sop-, is missing, the rafsi for the following four words are listed under the wrong word. That is, -sor- is actually the rafsi for "so'i", and -daz- is the rafsi for "da'a".
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Sections 25, 26. Cmavo are now shown in tables and now it's not obvious that the second column are rafsi.
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/commit/abec072b2fbf4a5b09b464d18568bd42346ee2ec ✅1.2] || - ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Section 26. The tables are broken.
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 4, p467 ex4.3: zu'o -> zo'u
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, page 472. Example 6.6 ends with "klama", but for the argument to make sense, it has to say "nunkla".
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, Example 7.1 has as the English: "I go-to (firstly) the store and (secondly) the market." "the market" should be "the house".
|-
| 19|| ❗ || ✅DAG ✅1.1 || - ||
* Example 11.8, there's a denpabu after {za'e} and no denpabu after {albeinias}.
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 11, the paragraph after example 11.8 says "ctiipyris" but it should be "ckiipyris".
|-
| 19|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 13, "and the undefined fu'ivla “speranto”." Replace "fu'ivla" with "lujvo".
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section LE, page 498. In "le gerku klama le zdani", "cu" is missing.
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section TUhE, page 505. In "xagmau zo'u tu'e ganai cidja gi cnino .i ganai vanju gi tolci'o tu'u", '''cnino''' should be replaced by '''citno'''. Also, a prenex can't have a selbri, so '''xagmau''' should be replaced by '''lo xagmau'''.
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section SE, page 504: missing "cu" after "zarci".
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the passages on VEI and VEhO, the "bo"s should be changed to "bi'e"s.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule simple-tense-modal-972 is missing a "|" before the CUhE.
|-
| 21|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule simple-tense-modal-972 has an extra newline in the space/time subphrase.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule selbri-1-131 is missing a "|" before the NA.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule tanru-unit-2-152 is missing a "|" before the JAI.
** [[la camgusmis]]: bizarelly, the Word doc the book was printed from does not have this problem at all.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule operator-1-371 is missing two "|".
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule mex-operator-374 is missing a "|" before the MAhO and another before the VUhU.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule operand-3-385 is missing a "|" before the NIhE.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/274 1.2❓] ||
* In the BNF grammar, in the rule time_1030, the "ZEhA <nowiki>[</nowiki>PU NAI <nowiki>]</nowiki>" should be enclosed in parentheses.
|}

CLL, aka Reference Grammar, Errata

2017-07-31T07:46:47Z

Cirko: ro nu stidi su'o da pe la 1 pi'e 2 moi zo'u jmina su'o .gitxab. urli

This page is for errata in [[The Complete Lojban Language|The Complete Lojban Language]], that is for mistakes such as typos, or self-contradictions, or contradictions with other baselined language definition material. This is '''not''' a page to put desiderata (suggestions for improvement); such suggestions should go to [[Suggestions for CLL, second edition|Suggestions for CLL, second edition]]. This is also not a page to put errata resulting from the 4th Baseline Grammar proposal (i.e., the [[PEG|PEG]] grammar); PEG grammar errata should go to [[CLL PEG Errata|CLL PEG Errata]].

An online version of the CLL incorporating the changes on this page [https://lojban.org/publications/cll/ is available].

See also [[What is Lojban errata|'What is Lojban?' errata]] (for the published version), Level 0 Booklet Errata [[Level 0 Booklet Errata Introduction|Level 0 Booklet Errata]] (for the pre-publication reviews; now finished), and [[Lessons Errata|Lessons Errata]] (for the beginners' course).

*The "✅DAG" tag means that http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/cll/ includes this fix, which also means it'll probably be in the next CLL version.
*The "milestone❓" tag means that https://lojban.org/publications/cll might contain the fix in future and might be included in the next CLL version (editing is done by contributors of a [https://github.com/lojban/cll github repository]).
*The "✅milestone" tag means that https://lojban.org/publications/cll contains the fix and is or will be included in the next printed CLL version (editing is done by contributors of a [https://github.com/lojban/cll github repository]).
*The "↴milestone" tag means that the bug is no longer relevant to https://lojban.org/publications/cll due to formatting changes or it's overriden by other fixes.
*"❗" marks changes included in one of the repositories but not approved by either John Cowan or camgusmis.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! ch !! appr !! incl !! prop !! Erratum
|-
| 1|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/258 1.2❓] ||
* The very first picture has a pedagogical error: "coi lojban." should be "coi .lojban." (This is an error even by pre-dotside standards, as pre-dotside, only {la}/{lai}/{doi} didn't require a pause before cmevla.)
** All/most cmevla need a once-over for dotside (some pre-dotside errors too, like {.alis})
|-
| 1|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* There is a paragraph at the very beginning of CLL, on page 4, with the sentence ''"In essence, Chapter 2 gives a brief overview of the language, Chapter 21 gives the formal structure of the language, and the chapters in between put semantic bones on that formal flesh."''
** Wouldn't it make more sense to say "put semantic flesh on those formal bones"?
|-
| 1|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, it says "Larry Horn's work ''The Natural History of Negation''". It would appear that everyone else calls it '''''A''' Natural History of Negation'', by '''Laurence''' (R.) Horn.
|-
| 2|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2.2 paragraph 2 says "o as in “dome”" but Australian/British English pronounces "dome" as per http://howjsay.com/index.php?word=dome&submit=Submit (i.e. a diphthong, which would be incorrect). This may result in many readers learning the wrong pronunciation of Lojban.
: This sort of issue also exists in the "Level 0 Booklet" publication.
: There must be a better example word that has the correct "o" for all dialects of English - is "lozenge" a good word?
: At the very least, specify which dialect is intended.
|-
| 2|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5 example 5.7 uses "ti" to point at a language, and should have its accompanying note changed to more accurately reflect that this is not how "ti" works.
|-
| 2|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6 Example 6.5 has "cu" as elidable, when in fact it is simply illegal there. Removed. ✅DAG
** uanai, I still see "cu" in DAG-CLL.
|-
| 2|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8 page 17 claims that "xu" is discussed in section 1.7, which happens to list the captions for all the chapter pictures.
** It should refer to Section 15. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] ✅DAG
*** The link in the current DAG-CLL is pointing to "2/2/15" instead of to "2/15".
*** [[la gleki]]: ✅1.1. Can't see problems with the link.
|-
| 2|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 10 says that example 10.3 (mi tavla do le tavla ku) means the same as (mi tavla do le tavla ku). Example 10.3 should be "mi tavla do le tavla", as it describes how "ku" may be omitted.
** It appears that example 10.3 is incorrect only in the online version, not the published book.|-
|-
| 2|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 17 says "Note that Example 17.3 has and requires a “cu” to prevent “bajra” and “klama” from forming a tanru, but Example 17.4 and Example 17.5 lack the unnecessary “cu”.", but example 17.3 is "la djan. ~np~[[cu|cu]]~/np~ klama le zarci".
** It appears that the offending sentence is present only in the online version, not the published book.
** [[la gleki]]: milestone 1.1 doesn't have this sentence, seems okay.
|-
| 2|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 17.9 is "le vi tavla ku cu ba klama" in the online version, and totally broken in the published book.
** Go with the online version.
|-
| 2|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/259 1.2❓] ||
* Example 17.9 in dag-cll as of 2012-05-05 is "le vi tavla ~np~[[ku|ku]]~/np~ cu ba klama". Since the same section has explained that tense tags make "cu" unnecessary, I think the example should be "le vi tavla ~np~[[ku|ku]] [[cu|cu]]~/np~ ba klama".
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
*A lot of the IPA examples use a space to indicate a syllable break. This is not standard IPA usage; according to IPA, the period “.” should be used to indicate a syllable division.
**[[la gleki]]:
***what are those examples?
*** Section 3 has some but those are probably only for CLL 2.0 or later
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 2, page 30: in the table the description of "apostrophe" should read "an unvoiced glottal spirant", not "a unvoiced".
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 2, digital version. The IPA table got horribly mangled somewhere along the way. It should look like (SAMPA column added):
** Sort-of [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]]; what I actually did is had Arnt review what someone entered in DAG-CLL, which presumably was based on the above. ✅DAG
{| class="wikitable"
|| Letter
|| IPA
|| SAMPA
|| Description
|-
|| '
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/h h]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/h h]
|| an unvoiced glottal spirant
|-
|| ,
|| -
|| -
|| the syllable separator
|-
|| .
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʔ ʔ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/CLL,+aka+Reference+Grammar,+Errata? ?]
|| a glottal stop or a pause
|-
|| a
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/a a], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɑ ɑ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/a a], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/A A]
|| an open vowel
|-
|| b
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/b b]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/b b]
|| a voiced bilabial stop
|-
|| c
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʃ ʃ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʂ ʂ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/S S], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s%60 s`]
|| an unvoiced postalveolar fricative
|-
|| d
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/d d]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/d d]
|| a voiced dental/alveolar stop
|-
|| e
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɛ ɛ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/e e]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/E E], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/e e]
|| a front mid vowel
|-
|| f
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/f f], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɸ ɸ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/f f], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p/ p\]
|| an unvoiced labial fricative
|-
|| g
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɡ ɡ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/g g]
|| a voiced velar stop
|-
|| i
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/i i]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/i i]
|| a front close vowel
|-
|| j
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʒ ʒ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʐ ʐ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Z Z], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z%60 z`]
|| a voiced postalveolar fricative
|-
|| k
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/k k]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/k k]
|| an unvoiced velar stop
|-
|| l
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l l], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l̩ l̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l l], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l= l=]
|| a voiced lateral approximant (may be syllabic)
|-
|| m
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m m], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m̩ m̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m m], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m= m=]
|| a voiced bilabial nasal (may be syllabic)
|-
|| n
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n n], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n̩ n̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ŋ ŋ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ŋ̩ ŋ̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n n], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n= n=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/N N], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/N= N=]
|| a voiced dental or velar nasal (may be syllabic)
|-
|| o
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/o o], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɔ ɔ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/o o], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/O O]
|| a back mid vowel
|-
|| p
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p p]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p p]
|| an unvoiced bilabial stop
|-
|| r
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r r], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɹ ɹ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɾ ɾ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʀ ʀ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r̩ r̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɹ̩ ɹ̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɾ̩ ɾ̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʀ̩ ʀ̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r r], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r/ r\], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/4 4], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/R/ R\], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r= r=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r/= r\=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/4= 4=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/R/= R\=]
|| a rhotic sound
|-
|| s
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s s]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s s]
|| an unvoiced alveolar sibilant
|-
|| t
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/t t]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/t t]
|| an unvoiced dental/alveolar stop
|-
|| u
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/u u]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/u u]
|| a back close vowel
|-
|| v
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/v v], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/β β]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/v v], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/B B]
|| a voiced labial fricative
|-
|| x
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/x x]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/x x]
|| an unvoiced velar fricative
|-
|| y
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ə ə]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/@ @]
|| a central mid vowel
|-
|| z
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z z]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z z]
|| a voiced alveolar sibilant
|}
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, page 30. for the second eng (immediately to the left of "(may be syllabic)") the syllabicity marker is concealed by the right tail.
** I can just barely see the marker under a good light. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** For future editions :-) , note that the IPA approves putting diacritics above rather than below the letter in cases like these. Unfortunately, the fonts hitherto available have not made this facility available, so outside the journal of the IPA itself, such over-diacritics are seldom seen. — nitcion
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/286 1.2❓] ||
* In section 3.2, the comma should (probably) be represented by the IPA notation <nowiki>[.]</nowiki>, as the period is used in IPA to denote syllable breaks.
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, page 30. For the Lojban phoneme /r/, the IPA symbol for a dental/alveolar voiced apical tap is given with a syllabicity marker below. A tap can't be syllabic, because it is by definition instantaneous. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Just remove that case altogether.
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/267 1.2❓] ||
* Section 2. The descriptions of ''c'' and ''j'' are listed as "coronal sibilant"s. The descriptions should read "voiceless postalveolar fricative" and "voiced postalveolar fricative", respectively.
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 3, third paragraph (page 31): "a unvoiced vowel glide" should be "an unvoiced vowel glide".
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, page 36. IPA for the unacceptable American flap variant of intervocalic ''t'' shows the GA ''r'' sound (upside-down r) instead of the flap (like an r with no vertical bit at the top — see the list of acceptible ''r'' variants on on page 44 where it appears correctly) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, page 36. (Same as previous erratum) The consonant is referred to as a flap, while it is actually a tap.
|-
| 3|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 7. In between the shaded boxes, "a pairing of voiced and unvoiced equivalent vowels" should read "a pairing of voiced and unvoiced equivalent consonants".
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8, page 38. IPA for pronunciation of "xapcke" has c where it should have S (long s).
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9, page 40. IPA for pronunciation of "dikyjvo" has j where it should have Z (that little script z thing)
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, page 46. What should be the Cyrillic letter ; is printed as something that looks like the Greek letter . Is this only a typographical variant of the ;, or is it a variant?
** This erratum is indecipherable and should be dropped, unless someone can reconstruct it. The Cyrillic letters look fine. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 3|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/260 1.2❓] ||
* Section 12, page 46. Replace the words "the hard sign" with an actual hard sign, U+044A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN.
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 12, page 47. "are/"esse" should probably be "are"/"esse" (the acute on the a may or may not have been left off, but the closing quote after are is definately missing.)
** My copy shows the acute.
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 4, page 54. The book states that fu'ivla with a form like ''spa'i'' are valid. They are not, they fail the slinku'i test.
**anyone can find that in post-1997 CLLs?
|-
| 4|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/262 1.2❓] ||
* Section 6, p 58, "-lac" in the third table in that section should be "-lac-"
|-
| 4|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, it says "Most cmavo that have rafsi are ones used in composing tanru (for a complete list, see Chapter 12)", but there is no such list in Chapter 12, or anywhere in the book (ju'osai). Perhaps it wants to point to the list of PA rafsi in Chapter 18 section 25? Or to the lists of tanru in Chapter 5 sections 14 and 15?
** What I probably meant was that Chapter 12, taken as a whole, discusses the cmavo used in constructing tanru. I don't think any specific list ever existed. I'd just drop the parenthetical sentence.
** Related is the general problem of constructing tanru out of arbitrary cmavo, like what {lo ve lujvo be fo lu <ga'e zei lerfu> li'u} should be. {ze'oi} was invented for that purpose... probably too experimental for CLL though.
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, just after example 6.9. It says "some of the unreduced forms in the previous example", but it is not referring to the previous example: it is referring all the way back to examples 6.1 and 6.2, so it should be "some of the unreduced forms in the previous example'''s'''".
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least)
** [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Refer explicitly to 6.1 and 6.2
** [[la gleki]]: In CLL 1.1 it's probably the phrase "In addition, the unreduced forms in Example 4.27 and Example 4.28 may be fully reduced to:"
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, page 60. In example 6.16, the word "xarnykarce" is glossed as "war-car". Either the gloss should be updated to reflect the veljvo ("stubborn-car"), or the lujvo should be updated to reflect the gloss "jamkarce"
** The latter [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/268 1.2❓] ||
* Section 7, making a type 3 fu'ivla, step 5 should read "steps 1-4", not "steps 1-5". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 7, step 5 of the Stage 3 fu'ivla: "if the rafsi ends in ''r'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''n'' (or vice versa) use an ''l''-hyphen" should read "if the rafsi ends in ''r'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''n'', ''tc'', ''ts'', ''dz'' or ''dj'', or the rafsi ends in ''n'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''r'' use an ''l''-hyphen". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* The end of section 7 seems to imply that cmene are exempt from the normal restrictions on consonant clusters as long as each consonant pair is valid.
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8. Example 8.10 ''djandjonz'' is not valid lojban as it contains the forbidden consonant sequence `ndj`. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Replace with a different name.
** Replacing with "John Brown" as "djanbraun". mi'e la [[User:Robin Lee Powell|.camgusmis.]] ✅DAG
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* Section 8, page 66. Example 8.12. Says that the gismu "solri" means "actually, 'pertaining to the sun'". This is false. According to the gismu list, it means ''is''a sun.
** Leave this one alone. As a seltau, "solri" does indeed mean "solar". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 11, 5a) ''Examine all the C/C consonant pairs that join the CVC rafsi, and also the pair between the last CVC and the X portion, ignoring any "y"-hyphen before the X.'' should read instead: ''Examine all the C/C consonant pairs up to the first "y"-hyphen, or up to the end of the word in case there are no "y"-hyphens.''
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 12. In Examples 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 the calculations are given as 32500 minus the score, instead of simply the score. (Probably from previous versions of the algorithm.)
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 13, page 74, third table: there is no space between "lojbaugri" and "lojbangygri", so that they are run into one word in the second column of the table.
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15 states that "dzipo" comes from "cadzu cipni" ("walking bird"). This fails to make sense either etymologically or semantically (If the name refers to penguins, there are a lot of other features of Antarctica that are more prominent and not shared by other places). I suspect that the word may actually come from "dizlo daplu" ("low island"), which is a somewhat more reasonable name.
** Not an erratum, the word really does come from "caDZu cIPni". That it fails to make sense doesn't change the fact that that is how they constructed it. The etymologies of "bemro" and "ketco" make even less sense, by the way.
*** Correct, but the etymologies are what they are. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/m/?fromgroups#!topic/lojban/s9P3LoGj5TI Etymology of ''misro''] from ''Mizrahim'' seems like an unnecessary and surprising detour. Linking it to ''misr'' makes more sense. mu'o mi'e .[[User:iesk|iesk]]. 16:47, 10 avgusto 2013 (UTC)
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, example 6.15: It says {xamgu jo cortu nuntavla}, and the gloss says {(good if-and-only-if short) speech}, but {cortu} means "hurt", not "short".
** ✅DAG (changed to {tordu}) (in zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 6.16: vajni ju selpluka nuntavla , (important whether-or-not pleasing) event-of-talking
** Should be pluka, not selpluka. [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
|-
| 5|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/264 1.2❓] ||
* Section 8 says "involving selma'o VOhA and GOhI, explained in Chapter 7", but VOhA doesn't appear in Chapter 7. VOhA doesn't even seem to be a selma'o, for that matter. Also, probably GOhI should be GOhA?
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8, page 96/97: Example 8.13 needs some kind of terminator (like "be'o") before the "co".
|-
| 5|| - || - || - ||
* Also, the preceding paragraph suggests that "be" is the only way to fill selbri places other than x1. This is not the case: "mi le zarci cu klama co sutra" would also work.
** I don't agree that there's any such suggestion, although adding a second possibility is fine with me. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 9 lists "kei" as the terminator for nu, but it's not only for nu, but for all of NU.
|-
| 5|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/269 1.2❓] ||
* Section 12 the text says examples 121 and 122 "use {ke} grouping and {bo} grouping respectively", but it isn't true. Example 121 uses only implicit tanru grouping, while 122 in fact uses {ke} grouping. Also, the text says they are equivalent in meaning, but they aren't (in the first one, {cadzu} groups with {masno}). Perhaps it's missing a {bo}? The translations of examples 121-126 are all affected by this false claim of equivalence.
** "normal grouping" 1.2❓
|-
| 5|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, last example says that {broda be fi ko'i ko'e} has {ko'e} in the x4 place because {be fi} moves the counter to 3. jbofi'e disagrees, but this may not be a CLL errata -- I haven't checked the linkargs section yet to see if it is consistent.
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, page 104 says "dadylsi" for "dadysli".
|-
| 5|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/265 1.2❓] ||
* Section 14, page 105 uses "zdani lijgri" in the example list, but the paragraph after, as well as the next list, refer to "zdani linji" and "linji zdani".
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, page 105 has the lujvo "cpumi'i" but defines it at the bottom of the set as "cpami'i".
** cuami'i s pull-machine, so using that
|-
| 5|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 106 says "plise tapla" for "apple cake". Does Turkish really refer to a cake as a tile, or is this a misunderstanding of the definition of "tapla"?
** No, it's that {tapla} can mean both cake and tile, as the gismu list shows; it's a generic word for a flat 3-D shape, or short cylinder. Stet. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 108 says "tumla spisa". This should probably be "tumla pagbu", since pieces of land are not actually detached.
** What makes you think that spisa have to be detached? Stet. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 14, page 109 says "rostu mojysu'a". "rostu" is not a Lojban gismu, nor an Old Loglan primitive. It's supposed to be "mrostu".
** "Mrostu" is correct, and that's the reading of the online version. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/270 1.2❓] ||
* Section 14, "nunkilbra" is clearly not "sharpener", and even if it was using the right rafsi for cabra, that strikes me as a pretty crappy lujvo; needs zenba or zmadu or binxo or something.
** {{jvs|nunkilca'a}} 1.2❓
|-
| 5|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 112 lists numerous tanru examples whose meanings are hypernyms of the tertau instead of hyponyms. This contradicts the primariness of the tertau as defined on page 84. The word "ja" should probably be inserted between the constituents, or the entire section should be removed.
** Stet. Lions can't be made of stone, but {rokci cinfo} is a legitimate tanru nonetheless. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 6|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* End of section 2, it says "compound negator ``naku'' (discussed in Chapter 15)", but "naku" is never mentioned in chapter 15; indeed, the only uses of the word {ku} at all are after the words {ji'u} or {na'i}. Chapter 16 talks about {naku}.''
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 6|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 12, p. 138 claims that the sumti in examples 12.2 and 12.3 operate like examples 2.5 and 3.6 respectively. "2.6 and 3.6" is almost surely what was meant.
|-
| 6|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 11 Example 11.2 occurs twice.
|-
| 6|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2 has examples 2.3 and 2.5 to show the difference between {lo} and {le}. Example 2.5 and the subsequent text say that {lo nanmu cu ninmu} is necessarily false in lojban since {noda nanmu gi'e ninmu}. This contributes to trans-erasure, and should be revised.
|-
| 6|| - || - || - ||
* In section 5 between examples 5.2 and 5.3, it says that the typical lion best exemplifies the set of lions. This is false, it exemplifies not the set, but the members of that set.
|-
| 6|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/266 1.2❓] ||
* In section 14, example 1.93, the quote delimiter {kuot} needs a preceding pause.
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5. http://lojban.github.io/cll/7/6/index.html. 6.14 is usage with outer repeating. It would seem that was a mistake. Looking at that, it seems like the author expects {nei} to repeat the entire outermost bridi, and expects {no'a} to repeat the outer bridi alone, somehow without the current innermost bridi. Or something. Definitely seems mistaken to me. so with zo'e in place of the abstraction clause. In this case, maybe with {zi'o}, actually. That would be useful but it would be nice if that had been explicit.
|-
| 7|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 6, page 155 has a note below example 6.13 that says, in part: "The Lojban does not contain an equivalent of the "my" in colloquial English;" and then goes on to explain how example 6.13 could be modified to include the relationship between the speaker and their son and daughter. I believe you could say "le mi bersa" or "le bersa pe mi" to express the English "my," therefor removing the (presumably inaccurate) note and making the Lojban translation more accurate.
** Sure you could, but the point of the note (which is ''not'' inaccurate) is not teaching how to use relative clauses, but to clarify that the idiomatic English version contains more information than the Lojban version does. Stet.
|-
| 7|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, page 156 has ''karca'' for ''karce''.
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
<pre>
Example 7.39.
A: mi ba klama le zarci
A: I [future] go-to the store.
A: I am going to the store.
B: mi nelci le si'o mi go'i
B: I like the concept-of I [repeat-last-bridi].
B: I like the idea of my going.
A: do go'e
A: You [repeat-last-bridi-but-one].
A: You'll go, too.
...
Example 7.45.
mi ba lumci le mi karce
I will wash my car.
you might reply either:
Example 7.46.
mi go'i
I will wash your car.
or:
Example 7.47.
mi go'i ra'o
I will wash my car.
The ra'o forces the second mi from the original bridi to mean the new speaker rather than the former speaker. This means that go'e ra'o would be an acceptable alternative to do go'e in B's statement in Example 7.39.
</pre>
* After example 6.18 is a paragraph that quotes non-existent text from example 6.10. "go'e ra'o" should read "go'i ra'o" and "do go'e" should read "mi go'i"
** The correct correction is to replace "B's statement" with "A's second statement". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** Not really. "go'e ra'o" in A's second statement would mean the same as "go'e", which is wrong. The original correction is valid though.
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
*Section 6, the exceptions to the anaphora rules are almost certainly incomplete. In particular "ma" and "ce'u" definitely warrant exceptions.
|-
| 7|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, example 7.7 has "mi zbasu loi mudri zi'o" for "mi zbasu le dinju zi'o"
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 8, p. 158 implies that ''vo'a''-series anaphora refer to sumti of the bridi they themselves are sumti of. This contradicts the cmavo list, and is incorrect: ''vo'a''-series anaphora (according to the ma'oste) refer to sumti of the outermost bridi within the current sentence. This makes them logophors/long distance reflexives, rather than short-distance reflexives, as is normal in human language. Thus, in ''mi nelci lenu do prami vo'a'', ''vo'a''means ''mi'', not ''do''.
**'''-->'''[[Why the Book is Right and the ma'oste is Wrong|Why the Book is Right and the ma'oste is Wrong]]
***Which of the two cases is normal in human language? If you'd written it in Lojban, I'd know!
**** I'd guess that short-distance is normal, b/c otherwise it would not be worth comparing the two. But of course in lojban we wouldn't have to glork that.
***** Short-distance is indeed normal, but Lojbanists have consistently used long-distance. Nick wrote a peer-reviewed paper on this. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 7|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 7.8.5 (p159): bajra on third line should be bajykla, like the others.
|-
| 7|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/271 1.2❓] ||
* Section 8, it says "Example 9.3 is a truly pregnant question..." when example 9.2 is the pregnant question, and example 9.3 is a better way of expressing "Who are you?"
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, it says "Finally, lujvo involving ``zi'o'' are also possible, and are fully discussed in Chapter 12", but nowhere does Chapter 12 mention the word {zi'o}, much less lujvo involving it. This is probably a Chapter 12 erratum.''
|-
| 8|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In Section 3 the example 3.20 should have {xance} instead of {xanci}, which is definitely a typo. --idontknw
|-
| 8|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || - ||
* Section 8, p. 181: 8.1) ''li pai noi na'e frinu namcu''should be ''li pai noi na'e frinu cu namcu''.
** looks fine. **na'e frinu namcu** forms a tanru.
|-
| 8|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, Example 8.6, the third line, "I runningly-go to-this [[reciprocity|reciprocity]] [[x3 of this bridi|x3 of this bridi]] from-that", is not the usual decent English one would expect in that position; replaced with "I run to this from that and vice versa." is dag-cll ✅DAG
|-
| 8|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/288 1.2❓] ||
* Section 9, example 9.2 is ''co'o xirma''. Then, ''Note that Example 9.2 says farewell to something which doesn’t really have to be a horse, something that the speaker simply thinks of as being a horse, or even might be something (a person, for example) who is named "Horse". In a sense, Example 9.2 is ambiguous between "co'o le xirma" and "co'o la xirma"''. Is this true?
** Yes, in the sense that all uses of "le" ''might'' mean "la". But it's probably more confusing than it's worth. Truncate after "thinks of as being a horse". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
*** Not sure that is right. I think too much focus in general has been given to {le}'s "non-veridicality", when it is merely more of an outgrowth of it being a deictic/phoric descriptor. In general, {le nanmu} does refer to a {nanmu}, but sometimes it may not because the deictic/phoric needs supercede veridicality (If someone has been called "the man" but you want to assert that "he"'s actually a woman, well, you get the {le nanmu cu ninmu} example.) My point though, is that I'm not sure one can just say "{le} might actually mean {la}". Certainly it'd be unusual to say that a speaker thinks of someone named "Horse" as being a horse. -- [[User:Spheniscine]]
|-
| 8|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/288 1.2❓] ||
* Section 9 says ''In vocative phrases which are simple names (after the vocative words), any relative clauses must come just after the names''. This isn't true. Relative clauses can go between the vocative and the cmevla. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Drop it; it reflects an earlier state of the language.
**[[la gleki]]:
*** will require changes in the following paragraph with selbri + relative clauses in vocatives.
|-
| 8|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 10, example 10.3 uses "ke'a goi ko'e zo'u ko'a zbasu ke'a" but glosses it as "(IT = it2 : it1 built it2)". The assigned "ko'e" is not used as expected or described, and should probably be "ko'a zbasu ko'e". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Yes, "ko'a zbasu ko'e" is clearly what's meant. ✅DAG
|-
| 9|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, place structure of ''pilno'' is missing "for purpose x3".
|-
| 9|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, the examples 8.5 and 8.6 are supposed to mean the same thing, but do not.
** Please elaborate. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
*** 8.5 means "I gave the book to John, because John gave the money to me" but 8.6 means "John gave the money to me because I gave the book to John."
** ✅DAG [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 9|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 11, description of the meaning of ".ije seri'a tu'e" contradicts the explanation of Example 9.9, which would suggest ".ije ri'a tu'e".
|-
| 9|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* section 17, "pertained to by concerning" should be separated, with "concerning" should be in the last column of the table
|-
| 9|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* section 17 "from source as an origin of" should be two entries; "from source" and "as an origin of" ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL???''
|-
| 10|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Sections 4, 18: missing "cu" in examples 4.8, 18.3, 18.6* Section 18, examples 18.3 and 18.6 are missing a cu/ku, so the examples have no main selbri.
|-
| 10|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/289 1.2❓] ||
* Section 4, "when both spatial and temporal tense cmavo are given in a single tense construct, the temporal tense is expressed first" disagrees with the rule simple-tense-modal-972 in the BNF grammar.
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9, example 9.9 on page 227 has "cirli" for "cirla".
|-
| 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, the explanation of the meaning of the second "pu" in example 12.2 conflicts with the rule in section 13 that tenses in subordinate bridi are relative to the tense of the main bridi.
|-
| 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, example 12.6 translates morsi as "die" rather than "am dead" in the translation (as opposed to the gloss).
|-
| 10|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 16, at the end, the X and Y in the 3 forms don't fit properly (the 3rd doesn't match the first two). I recommend, copying from Section 23 (where they are written again correctly):
<pre>
X .i TENSE bo Y
TENSE gi X gi Y
Y TENSE le nu X
</pre>
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 17, example 17.12 should not have the second "bevri".
|-
| 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 18, example 18.9 is supposed to show scalar negation of tenses not limited to PU and FAhA, but the example tense is ri'u (FAhA2).
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 19, example 19.10 should have "ba", not "pu", and "<nowiki>[future]</nowiki>", not "<nowiki>[past]</nowiki>".
|-
| 10|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/289 1.2❓] ||
* Section 21, example 21.1 doesn't seem to parallel the English gloss and translation: the Lojban version implies that "I throw the gun", and not "I fire the gun".
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 25, examples 25.1 and 25.2 have ''lu'a'' for ''la'u''.
|-
| 10|| ✘Cowan || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/289 1.2❓] ||
* Section 25, this whole section is at odds with the formal grammar. It says: ''It is grammatical for a termset to be placed after a tense or modal tag rather than a sumti''. But that is in fact incorrect, it is not grammatical for a termset to be the argument of a tag.
** Unfortunately true. Termsets suck rocks, and some work will have to be done to make everything said about them consistent -- if it is even possible. Personally, I'd like to just burn them. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 27: MOhI see Section 28, not 27.
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 4: The use of ka in Example 4.4 (page 259) is erroneous; it should be du'u. --[[John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Last paragraph of section 7 references chapter 5 for a discussion of "lu'e". lu'e isn't mentioned in chapter 5. Probably chapter 6 is meant here.
** Yes, should be Section 5.10. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** [[la gleki]]:
**** should be Section 6.10 and is so in milestone 1.1.
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9, page 266 has "sao'rdzifa'a" instead of "sa'ordzifa'a".
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* The same example (9.6) also has kuctra instead of kuctai
|-
| 11|| - || - || - ||
* The book title in example 9.6 seems to be incorrect: "The Crucifixion of Jesus Considered As A Downhill Bicycle Race" is actually "[http://www.evergreenreview.com/102/fiction/duo.html The Crucifixion Considered As An Uphill Bicycle Race]."
** Unapproved
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 10: Paragraph above example 10.7 references "Chapter 11". That should read "Chapter 10".
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ↴1.1 || - ||
* Section 12, page 269 has examples 13.1 and 13.2, those should be called 12.1 and 12.2.
** not applicable to milestone 1.1 that has another system of numeration and is fine in regards to this bug [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 04:36, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 2, page 275. The paragraph under Example 2.3 refers to it as Example 2.4 (2.4 doesn't even exist).
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/281 1.2❓] ||
* Section 5, right after example 5.7. It says "a" instead of "an".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, page 280. Example 6.6 should have a space between "la spat." and "noi".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, page 282. Example 7.5 has "bansoi" instead of "balsoi".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 11, page 285 has "xascakcurnu" instead of "xasycakcurnu".
|-
| 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12 refers to "nunklama" as the same lujvo as "nunkla". Even if these are equivalent alternatives it would be less confusing to be consistent.
|-
| 12|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 12 claims that -jax- is a rafsi for {jai}, but it isn't in http://www.lojban.org/publications/wordlists/rafsi.txt. Does {jai} have a rafsi or not?
** It should, but somehow it never got into the gismu list, and consequently not into the rafsi list either. Stet, and we'll add it to the gismu list. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
***[[la gleki]]:
****by a request from me Robin added it to la jbovlaste some years ago. But still gimste.txt lacks it.
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 12, right at the end, says that {fai} is explained in Chapter 11, but Chapter 11 makes no mention of {fai}. Only chapters 9 and 10 do.
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 14, example 14.2. Missing < /pre > tag, and missing < pre> tag following explanatory paragraph.
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, page 291. The paragraph under example 14.7 says "se xance mindu" instead of "se xance minde".
|-
| 12|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/282 1.2❓] ||
* Section 15, two paragraphs before example 15.7. It says "There are some comparative concepts which are in which the 'se zmadu' is difficult to specify." The "which are in which" seems grammatically incorrect.
** Drop "which are". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.1, the x4 of {zmadu} and {mleca} should be "by amount" or "by quantity", not "in quantity".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 15, page 294, example 15.14. "la ainctain" needs a period before it because it starts with a vowel.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Many incidents of not having periods in front of vowel-initial cmavo.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In section 2, p. 300 references to the examples for .ue and .uecu'i are flipped. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 3, page 303, example 3.9. "e'e" needs a period before it.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 3: 3.13: ".ianai do pu pensi le nu tcica mi": {pensi} is malgli and tcica1 is not an agent
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 3, page 303, example 3.10. "tisna" needs to be replaced with "tisygau".
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 4, page 305. The scale with the gismu mnemonics is misaligned with the scale with the members of selma'o CAI. "sai" should be tabbed one place left, so that it aligns with tsali, &c.
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, it says "It is not clear how much use logically connected abstractors will be: see Chapter 13." It should be "Chapter 15."
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 10, page 313. There is a missing space between "continue emotion" and "end emotion".
** milestone 1.1 looks fine.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* <nowiki>Section 15. A sample dialogue 15.4) / [Comment] Pam says, [Please] Alice, [end-of-comment] / [Comment] Pam says, [end-of-comment] [Please] Alice,/</nowiki> [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.5 /xamgu/gleki/ ?
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.10) /fi'i ro zvati ko pinxe pa ckafi/fi'i ro zvati .i ko pinxe pa ckafi/
** No, this one is perfectly fine: "fi'i ro zvati" is a vocative phrase, which is a free modifier, meaning that it can occur almost anywhere. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.13) /fi'o selpleji mi/fi'o pleji mi/
** And "with payer" rather than "with payment"; ey's not paying with emself! -- camgusmis
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* ".ai mi benji do le ckana" with gloss "[intent] I transfer you to-the bed". I think benji               should be replaced with muvgau.
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.13. Wrong use of {selfu}. {bevri} would fit better.
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* "mi facki fi lemi mapku" is used repeatedly for "I found my hat". While this is not wrong, it's bad style and makes the gloss awkward in respect to the translation. Replacing "facki" with "zvafa'i" would remove the problem and make it more precise.
|-
| 14|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/280 1.2❓] ||
* Section 6, example 3: "Alices" should be "Alice" without -s.
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8, right before example 8.9 is "producing example 8.10" which should in fact read "producing example 8.9".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9: between example 9.10 and 9.11, "identified" should read "identical"
|-
| 14|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 11, example 4: The gloss seems to have a misplaced "[plus]".
** milestone 1.1 looks fine [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 04:50, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 11, right before section 12. It says "termsets...are explained in Chapter 12 and Chapter 16" but chapter 12 (which is on lujvo) makes absolutely no mention of termsets. Chapters 9 and 10 discuss termsets.
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 14, example 14.15 is not grammatical (according to jbofi'e and camxes) because it says "pe'e .e" when it should say "pe'e je".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, example 14.16 mentions "sorme", which is probably Old Loglan, and should be replaced by "mensi".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, "the stated gloss of TFTTas “only if” works naturally only when the right-hand bridi is true; if it is false, the left-hand bridi may be either true or false." changed to "the stated gloss of TFTTas “only if” works naturally only when the right-hand bridi is false; if it is true, the left-hand bridi may be either true or false."
|-
| 14|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 15, example 15.8 is missing a dot after "la lojban".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 15, right after 15.9, it says "example 14.17" where it should say "example 15.9" (14.17 does not exist).
|-
| 14|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.9 is not grammatical; it should be "la djan. fa'u la frank. cusku nu'i bau la lojban. pe'e fa'u bai la djordj.".
|-
| 14|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 17, example 17.4 is wrong. The section explains that mekso operators can be logically connected using {gu'e ... gi ...}, but this example tries to connect them with {ge ... gi ...}. Replace {ge} with {gu'e} in the example to correct it.
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/284 1.2❓] ||
* Section 19, example 19.4 is translated as "I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things is-at Jupiter or-else I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things isn't-at Jupiter" but really it's "I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things is-at Jupiter or-else I '''do-not''' opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things '''is-at''' Jupiter". So 19.4 is actually true, not false as it is claimed to be.
** Correct, so this example will need replacing. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** 1.2❓ by replacing '''cu''' with '''na'''. [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 00:31, 15 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 14|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Also there isn't really a reason for it to say a mass of living things and not some individual living things.
** Stet. The author prefers it that way, thankyouverymuch. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]].
|-
| 15|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, missing < /pre > tag after example 2.8 and < pre> tag before example 2.9.
|-
| 15|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 4, example 4.12 /nake/na'eke/
|-
| 15|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 9, two paragraphs above example 9.4 the word "negativ" should be "negative".
|-
| 15|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 9: Is there supposed to be any difference between ex. 9.5 and 9.6?
** That problem is only in the online version.
*** not in milestone 1.1 [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:09, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 15|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/285 1.2❓] ||
* Section 10, three paragraphs after example 10.14, there's a semicolon which should be a comma after "(say, a spelling error)".
|-
| 15|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 10, it says "'ji'una'iku' metalinguistically says that something is wrong with that assumption. (See Chapter 10.)". Shouldn't that be Chapter 9, modals?
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]].
|-
| 15|| - || - || - ||
* change "A ``na'' before the selbri is always transformed into a ``naku'' at the left-hand end of the prenex, and vice versa." to: "A ``na'' before the selbri is always transformed into a ``naku'' at the right-hand end of the prenex, and vice versa."
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 5, example 5.5: English has "every Y" when it should read "every X"
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, example 6.6 has a missing "cu" before "viska".
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, the explanation of example 8.3 says "any entity which is one is also the other". That would be true if the example used {go}, but it uses {ganai}. 8.3 does not claim that if something walks across the field then it goes to the store. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Change it to use {go}. ✅DAG
** Same place: needs to bo {da go}, not {go da} And the gloss should be "For-every X: X is-a-goer-to the store if-and-only-if it is-a-walker-on the field." ✅DAG
|-
| 16|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, example 8.3. Either the {da} should come before the {ganai} (or, by the previous ^ erratum, {go}) and the gloss should be changed to only mention "X" once, or a {da} should be inserted before {cadzu}.
** ✅DAG chose first option since it's terser (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* This: "Adjacent negation boundaries in the prenex can be dropped," reads better as "Adjacent pairs of negation boundaries in the prenex can be dropped,"
** [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
*** The online version says "Adjacent double negation boundaries", but I'm okay with either "double" or "pairs of". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 16|| ✘Cowan || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/290 1.2❓] ||
* Section 10, ex. 10.5 and 10.6 have a prenex, "naku zo'u", after an ijek. This is not allowed by the grammar. It could be fixed by removing the "zo'u" and using "naku" outside the prenex, although this is only explained in the following Section 11.
** This is a big problem, and I'm not sure what should be fixed. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 12, ex. 12.7 and 12.9 have missing "cu"s.
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, Example 14.1 has "blaci" (glass) not "blabi" (white) as per the English.
|-
| 16|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/257 1.2❓] ||
* A few missing {ku'o}: ex 1.89, ex 1.92
** [[la gleki]]: ex.16.89, ex.16.92 plus ex.16.83.
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 5, after example 5.1, paragraph starting "However, " has incorrect font.
|-
| 17|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5, in the second paragraph after example 5.1, says 'the lerfu word “ty” would represent not Latin “t” but Greek “tau”.' Shouldn't it be "ty."?
|-
| 17|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 9, page 421. lerfu strings are written without pauses or spaces, even though BY words have to end with a consonant.
** Stet. BY words do not end with a consonant, and a string of them can never be ambiguous, so pauses/spaces are not required. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/283 1.2❓] ||
* Section 9, Example 9.4: shouldn't "symyjy" be "symydy" (lojban morphology)?
|-
| 17|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* Section 10. After Example 10.4.5, the reference to Example 10.4 should be instead to Example 10.4.5.
**In the current DAG-CLL, the examples numbering is sane, but after Example 10.3, the two references to Example 10.4 should be to Example 10.3.
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Right before section 12, there is a line break in the middle of the paragraph.
|-
| 17|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/287 1.2❓] ||
* In section 13, the first paragraph states "Historically, these character sets have only covered the English alphabet and a few selected punctuation marks.", which is incorrect. There have been multitudes of character sets for writing systems other than the English alphabet.
** Change to something along the line of "Historically, each of these character sets has only covered a particular writing system."
|-
| 17|| - || - || - ||
* Section 17, page 427. ".tvriydos. bu" begins with the consonant cluster, which isn't even permissible medially.
** change to tyvriydos
*** [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
**** Actually, it should be "tyvrdos. bu" --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
***** тврьдо => <nowiki>[tvrido]</nowiki> (ignoring length) => '''tyvriydos. bu''' given that ь is always Lojbanized as '''iy''' [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 00:20, 29 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In the table in section 19, the lervla for over-dot (".garmoc. bu") and over-ring (".garjin. bu") should be updated to their post-Reallocation forms, ".gapmoc. bu" and ".gapyjin. bu".
|-
| 17|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 19 has two columns run together in the row that says "Danish/Latin aetei .abu .ebu foi"
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* [https://lojban.github.io/cll/18/10/ ju'u] is in VUhU. It should be of the type PA. Notice how {pi} and {ni'u} and {ka'o} and {ci'i} and {fi'u} are all of type {pa}, so they can go in a numerical literal between digits. especially {ka'o}, which can separate the real part and imaginary part to make a complex literal, and similarly {su'o} and {su'e} can separate numbers to make intervals.
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/278 1.2❓] ||
* Section 3, ex. 3.10, should translate as ".1012001".
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In section 4 example 4.5 is linked instead of 4.7 - "Example 4.5 is not ``1 minus 2'', <nowiki>[.. ..]</nowiki>" where example 4.5 is just "te'o".
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 5, p437 ex5.9 gloss: our -> four
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, p438: j vu'u -> vu'u
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Start of section 11 should read there are five members of MOI (not four).
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 11, ex 11.10 on va'e "sofi'upano" in the example is glossed as "8/10" instead of "9/10".
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 11, "lei ratcu poi zvati le panka cu so'umei fo lo'i ratcu", but there is no 4th place of mei.
** Remove the "fo";
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 14.4 needs a sub-2 after both numbers.
|-
| 18|| - || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/291 1.2❓] ||
* In section 17, example 17.5, {gi} should be replaced by {gu'e}, because mekso operators are to be connected by guheks. This is essentially the same mistake as in example 14/17.4.
|-
| 18|| - || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In section 17, the English translation for example 17.6 has the formula rendered wrong in the HTML version. The fraction bar should be added (it is invisble currently), and the words "then x =" should be vertically aligned to the fraction bar (they are currently aligned to the numerator).
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/291 1.2❓] ||
* In section 17, at the bottom of page 454, the quadratic formula should be described as a classic example of operator logical connection, not operand.
|-
| 18|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 17, 17.7 (li no ga'o bi'o ke'i pa) is *not* equivalent to 17.9 (li pimu su'i ni'upimu bi'o ma'upimu). I (rlpowell) have replaced bi'o with "bi'o ke'i" in the latter. NOT APPROVED but ✅DAG
|-
| 18|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 17, the Lojban of 17.8 (li pimu ga'o mi'i ke'i pimu) is not equivalent to 0.5 ± 0.5, regardless of how the latter is interpreted; I (rlpowell) have removed that English equivalency. NOT APPROVED but ✅DAG
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* Section 20, p458: -established -> established [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
**no longer approved by JCowan [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:14, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 18|| ✘Cowan || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/291 1.2❓] ||
* Section 21 states that the rafsi of "frinu" may be used as rafsi for "fi'u"; however, "frinu" lost both of its short rafsi in the Reallocation, so this really isn't very useful. The table below lists "fi'u" as a rafsi usable for "fi'u", therefore of "frinu"; the gimste lists "fi'u" as a rafsi of "cfipu".
** This is a serious problem which needs some thought. There needs to be a rafsi for fi'u somehow. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
** simply use the long rafsi [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:49, 25 September 2015 (PDT)
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Section 18.26 says that '''cu'o''' is a rafsi of '''cu'o''': "cu'o (borrowed from cunso...". This makes no sense since one rafsi can't belong to two words.
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* Section 21 "“se” can be used to convert an operator as if it were a selbri, so that its arguments are exchanged." is a false statement. {{jvs|se}} converts tanru-unit-2, not selbri. Anyway, just say "“se” is also used to exchange arguments of an operator". [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:49, 25 September 2015 (PDT)
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 22 example 22.3, "mo'e voboi renomei su'i ze", does not parse.
** It needs "vei" in front to be a quantifier (an operand by itself is not a permitted fragment). Also, the following text mentions "te'u" but the example omits it.
*** None of those examples parse without {li}, which I have added to all. Replaced the one in question with "li mo'e voboi renomei te'u su'i ze"
|-
| 18|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 25. The rafsi for "so'e", -sop-, is missing, the rafsi for the following four words are listed under the wrong word. That is, -sor- is actually the rafsi for "so'i", and -daz- is the rafsi for "da'a".
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Sections 25, 26. Cmavo are now shown in tables and now it's not obvious that the second column are rafsi.
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/commit/abec072b2fbf4a5b09b464d18568bd42346ee2ec ✅1.2] || - ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Section 26. The tables are broken.
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 4, p467 ex4.3: zu'o -> zo'u
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, page 472. Example 6.6 ends with "klama", but for the argument to make sense, it has to say "nunkla".
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, Example 7.1 has as the English: "I go-to (firstly) the store and (secondly) the market." "the market" should be "the house".
|-
| 19|| ❗ || ✅DAG ✅1.1 || - ||
* Example 11.8, there's a denpabu after {za'e} and no denpabu after {albeinias}.
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 11, the paragraph after example 11.8 says "ctiipyris" but it should be "ckiipyris".
|-
| 19|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 13, "and the undefined fu'ivla “speranto”." Replace "fu'ivla" with "lujvo".
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section LE, page 498. In "le gerku klama le zdani", "cu" is missing.
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section TUhE, page 505. In "xagmau zo'u tu'e ganai cidja gi cnino .i ganai vanju gi tolci'o tu'u", '''cnino''' should be replaced by '''citno'''. Also, a prenex can't have a selbri, so '''xagmau''' should be replaced by '''lo xagmau'''.
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section SE, page 504: missing "cu" after "zarci".
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the passages on VEI and VEhO, the "bo"s should be changed to "bi'e"s.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule simple-tense-modal-972 is missing a "|" before the CUhE.
|-
| 21|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule simple-tense-modal-972 has an extra newline in the space/time subphrase.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule selbri-1-131 is missing a "|" before the NA.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule tanru-unit-2-152 is missing a "|" before the JAI.
** [[la camgusmis]]: bizarelly, the Word doc the book was printed from does not have this problem at all.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule operator-1-371 is missing two "|".
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule mex-operator-374 is missing a "|" before the MAhO and another before the VUhU.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule operand-3-385 is missing a "|" before the NIhE.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || [https://github.com/lojban/cll/pull/274 1.2❓] ||
* In the BNF grammar, in the rule time_1030, the "ZEhA <nowiki>[</nowiki>PU NAI <nowiki>]</nowiki>" should be enclosed in parentheses.
|}

CLL, aka Reference Grammar, Errata

2017-07-31T07:26:48Z

Cirko: ganryjdikygau lo gredile sraji

This page is for errata in [[The Complete Lojban Language|The Complete Lojban Language]], that is for mistakes such as typos, or self-contradictions, or contradictions with other baselined language definition material. This is '''not''' a page to put desiderata (suggestions for improvement); such suggestions should go to [[Suggestions for CLL, second edition|Suggestions for CLL, second edition]]. This is also not a page to put errata resulting from the 4th Baseline Grammar proposal (i.e., the [[PEG|PEG]] grammar); PEG grammar errata should go to [[CLL PEG Errata|CLL PEG Errata]].

An online version of the CLL incorporating the changes on this page [https://lojban.org/publications/cll/ is available].

See also [[What is Lojban errata|'What is Lojban?' errata]] (for the published version), Level 0 Booklet Errata [[Level 0 Booklet Errata Introduction|Level 0 Booklet Errata]] (for the pre-publication reviews; now finished), and [[Lessons Errata|Lessons Errata]] (for the beginners' course).

*The "✅DAG" tag means that http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/cll/ includes this fix, which also means it'll probably be in the next CLL version.
*The "milestone❓" tag means that https://lojban.org/publications/cll might contain the fix in future and might be included in the next CLL version (editing is done by contributors of a [https://github.com/lojban/cll github repository]).
*The "✅milestone" tag means that https://lojban.org/publications/cll contains the fix and is or will be included in the next printed CLL version (editing is done by contributors of a [https://github.com/lojban/cll github repository]).
*The "↴milestone" tag means that the bug is no longer relevant to https://lojban.org/publications/cll due to formatting changes or it's overriden by other fixes.
*"❗" marks changes included in one of the repositories but not approved by either John Cowan or camgusmis.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! ch !! appr !! incl !! prop !! Erratum
|-
| 1|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* The very first picture has a pedagogical error: "coi lojban." should be "coi .lojban." (This is an error even by pre-dotside standards, as pre-dotside, only {la}/{lai}/{doi} didn't require a pause before cmevla.)
** All/most cmevla need a once-over for dotside (some pre-dotside errors too, like {.alis})
|-
| 1|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* There is a paragraph at the very beginning of CLL, on page 4, with the sentence ''"In essence, Chapter 2 gives a brief overview of the language, Chapter 21 gives the formal structure of the language, and the chapters in between put semantic bones on that formal flesh."''
** Wouldn't it make more sense to say "put semantic flesh on those formal bones"?
|-
| 1|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, it says "Larry Horn's work ''The Natural History of Negation''". It would appear that everyone else calls it '''''A''' Natural History of Negation'', by '''Laurence''' (R.) Horn.
|-
| 2|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2.2 paragraph 2 says "o as in “dome”" but Australian/British English pronounces "dome" as per http://howjsay.com/index.php?word=dome&submit=Submit (i.e. a diphthong, which would be incorrect). This may result in many readers learning the wrong pronunciation of Lojban.
: This sort of issue also exists in the "Level 0 Booklet" publication.
: There must be a better example word that has the correct "o" for all dialects of English - is "lozenge" a good word?
: At the very least, specify which dialect is intended.
|-
| 2|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5 example 5.7 uses "ti" to point at a language, and should have its accompanying note changed to more accurately reflect that this is not how "ti" works.
|-
| 2|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6 Example 6.5 has "cu" as elidable, when in fact it is simply illegal there. Removed. ✅DAG
** uanai, I still see "cu" in DAG-CLL.
|-
| 2|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8 page 17 claims that "xu" is discussed in section 1.7, which happens to list the captions for all the chapter pictures.
** It should refer to Section 15. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] ✅DAG
*** The link in the current DAG-CLL is pointing to "2/2/15" instead of to "2/15".
*** [[la gleki]]: ✅1.1. Can't see problems with the link.
|-
| 2|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 10 says that example 10.3 (mi tavla do le tavla ku) means the same as (mi tavla do le tavla ku). Example 10.3 should be "mi tavla do le tavla", as it describes how "ku" may be omitted.
** It appears that example 10.3 is incorrect only in the online version, not the published book.|-
|-
| 2|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 17 says "Note that Example 17.3 has and requires a “cu” to prevent “bajra” and “klama” from forming a tanru, but Example 17.4 and Example 17.5 lack the unnecessary “cu”.", but example 17.3 is "la djan. ~np~[[cu|cu]]~/np~ klama le zarci".
** It appears that the offending sentence is present only in the online version, not the published book.
** [[la gleki]]: milestone 1.1 doesn't have this sentence, seems okay.
|-
| 2|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 17.9 is "le vi tavla ku cu ba klama" in the online version, and totally broken in the published book.
** Go with the online version.
|-
| 2|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Example 17.9 in dag-cll as of 2012-05-05 is "le vi tavla ~np~[[ku|ku]]~/np~ cu ba klama". Since the same section has explained that tense tags make "cu" unnecessary, I think the example should be "le vi tavla ~np~[[ku|ku]] [[cu|cu]]~/np~ ba klama".
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
*A lot of the IPA examples use a space to indicate a syllable break. This is not standard IPA usage; according to IPA, the period “.” should be used to indicate a syllable division.
**[[la gleki]]:
***what are those examples?
*** Section 3 has some but those are probably only for CLL 2.0 or later
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 2, page 30: in the table the description of "apostrophe" should read "an unvoiced glottal spirant", not "a unvoiced".
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 2, digital version. The IPA table got horribly mangled somewhere along the way. It should look like (SAMPA column added):
** Sort-of [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]]; what I actually did is had Arnt review what someone entered in DAG-CLL, which presumably was based on the above. ✅DAG
{| class="wikitable"
|| Letter
|| IPA
|| SAMPA
|| Description
|-
|| '
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/h h]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/h h]
|| an unvoiced glottal spirant
|-
|| ,
|| -
|| -
|| the syllable separator
|-
|| .
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʔ ʔ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/CLL,+aka+Reference+Grammar,+Errata? ?]
|| a glottal stop or a pause
|-
|| a
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/a a], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɑ ɑ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/a a], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/A A]
|| an open vowel
|-
|| b
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/b b]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/b b]
|| a voiced bilabial stop
|-
|| c
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʃ ʃ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʂ ʂ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/S S], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s%60 s`]
|| an unvoiced postalveolar fricative
|-
|| d
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/d d]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/d d]
|| a voiced dental/alveolar stop
|-
|| e
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɛ ɛ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/e e]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/E E], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/e e]
|| a front mid vowel
|-
|| f
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/f f], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɸ ɸ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/f f], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p/ p\]
|| an unvoiced labial fricative
|-
|| g
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɡ ɡ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/g g]
|| a voiced velar stop
|-
|| i
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/i i]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/i i]
|| a front close vowel
|-
|| j
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʒ ʒ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʐ ʐ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Z Z], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z%60 z`]
|| a voiced postalveolar fricative
|-
|| k
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/k k]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/k k]
|| an unvoiced velar stop
|-
|| l
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l l], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l̩ l̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l l], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l= l=]
|| a voiced lateral approximant (may be syllabic)
|-
|| m
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m m], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m̩ m̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m m], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m= m=]
|| a voiced bilabial nasal (may be syllabic)
|-
|| n
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n n], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n̩ n̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ŋ ŋ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ŋ̩ ŋ̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n n], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n= n=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/N N], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/N= N=]
|| a voiced dental or velar nasal (may be syllabic)
|-
|| o
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/o o], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɔ ɔ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/o o], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/O O]
|| a back mid vowel
|-
|| p
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p p]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p p]
|| an unvoiced bilabial stop
|-
|| r
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r r], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɹ ɹ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɾ ɾ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʀ ʀ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r̩ r̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɹ̩ ɹ̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɾ̩ ɾ̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʀ̩ ʀ̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r r], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r/ r\], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/4 4], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/R/ R\], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r= r=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r/= r\=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/4= 4=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/R/= R\=]
|| a rhotic sound
|-
|| s
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s s]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s s]
|| an unvoiced alveolar sibilant
|-
|| t
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/t t]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/t t]
|| an unvoiced dental/alveolar stop
|-
|| u
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/u u]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/u u]
|| a back close vowel
|-
|| v
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/v v], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/β β]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/v v], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/B B]
|| a voiced labial fricative
|-
|| x
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/x x]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/x x]
|| an unvoiced velar fricative
|-
|| y
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ə ə]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/@ @]
|| a central mid vowel
|-
|| z
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z z]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z z]
|| a voiced alveolar sibilant
|}
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, page 30. for the second eng (immediately to the left of "(may be syllabic)") the syllabicity marker is concealed by the right tail.
** I can just barely see the marker under a good light. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** For future editions :-) , note that the IPA approves putting diacritics above rather than below the letter in cases like these. Unfortunately, the fonts hitherto available have not made this facility available, so outside the journal of the IPA itself, such over-diacritics are seldom seen. — nitcion
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* In section 3.2, the comma should (probably) be represented by the IPA notation <nowiki>[.]</nowiki>, as the period is used in IPA to denote syllable breaks.
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, page 30. For the Lojban phoneme /r/, the IPA symbol for a dental/alveolar voiced apical tap is given with a syllabicity marker below. A tap can't be syllabic, because it is by definition instantaneous. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Just remove that case altogether.
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 2. The descriptions of ''c'' and ''j'' are listed as "coronal sibilant"s. The descriptions should read "voiceless postalveolar fricative" and "voiced postalveolar fricative", respectively.
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 3, third paragraph (page 31): "a unvoiced vowel glide" should be "an unvoiced vowel glide".
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, page 36. IPA for the unacceptable American flap variant of intervocalic ''t'' shows the GA ''r'' sound (upside-down r) instead of the flap (like an r with no vertical bit at the top — see the list of acceptible ''r'' variants on on page 44 where it appears correctly) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, page 36. (Same as previous erratum) The consonant is referred to as a flap, while it is actually a tap.
|-
| 3|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 7. In between the shaded boxes, "a pairing of voiced and unvoiced equivalent vowels" should read "a pairing of voiced and unvoiced equivalent consonants".
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8, page 38. IPA for pronunciation of "xapcke" has c where it should have S (long s).
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9, page 40. IPA for pronunciation of "dikyjvo" has j where it should have Z (that little script z thing)
|-
| 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, page 46. What should be the Cyrillic letter ; is printed as something that looks like the Greek letter . Is this only a typographical variant of the ;, or is it a variant?
** This erratum is indecipherable and should be dropped, unless someone can reconstruct it. The Cyrillic letters look fine. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 3|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 12, page 46. Replace the words "the hard sign" with an actual hard sign, U+044A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN.
|-
| 3|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 12, page 47. "are/"esse" should probably be "are"/"esse" (the acute on the a may or may not have been left off, but the closing quote after are is definately missing.)
** My copy shows the acute.
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 4, page 54. The book states that fu'ivla with a form like ''spa'i'' are valid. They are not, they fail the slinku'i test.
**anyone can find that in post-1997 CLLs?
|-
| 4|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 6, p 58, "-lac" in the third table in that section should be "-lac-"
|-
| 4|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, it says "Most cmavo that have rafsi are ones used in composing tanru (for a complete list, see Chapter 12)", but there is no such list in Chapter 12, or anywhere in the book (ju'osai). Perhaps it wants to point to the list of PA rafsi in Chapter 18 section 25? Or to the lists of tanru in Chapter 5 sections 14 and 15?
** What I probably meant was that Chapter 12, taken as a whole, discusses the cmavo used in constructing tanru. I don't think any specific list ever existed. I'd just drop the parenthetical sentence.
** Related is the general problem of constructing tanru out of arbitrary cmavo, like what {lo ve lujvo be fo lu <ga'e zei lerfu> li'u} should be. {ze'oi} was invented for that purpose... probably too experimental for CLL though.
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, just after example 6.9. It says "some of the unreduced forms in the previous example", but it is not referring to the previous example: it is referring all the way back to examples 6.1 and 6.2, so it should be "some of the unreduced forms in the previous example'''s'''".
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least)
** [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Refer explicitly to 6.1 and 6.2
** [[la gleki]]: In CLL 1.1 it's probably the phrase "In addition, the unreduced forms in Example 4.27 and Example 4.28 may be fully reduced to:"
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, page 60. In example 6.16, the word "xarnykarce" is glossed as "war-car". Either the gloss should be updated to reflect the veljvo ("stubborn-car"), or the lujvo should be updated to reflect the gloss "jamkarce"
** The latter [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 7, making a type 3 fu'ivla, step 5 should read "steps 1-4", not "steps 1-5". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 7, step 5 of the Stage 3 fu'ivla: "if the rafsi ends in ''r'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''n'' (or vice versa) use an ''l''-hyphen" should read "if the rafsi ends in ''r'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''n'', ''tc'', ''ts'', ''dz'' or ''dj'', or the rafsi ends in ''n'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''r'' use an ''l''-hyphen". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* The end of section 7 seems to imply that cmene are exempt from the normal restrictions on consonant clusters as long as each consonant pair is valid.
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8. Example 8.10 ''djandjonz'' is not valid lojban as it contains the forbidden consonant sequence `ndj`. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Replace with a different name.
** Replacing with "John Brown" as "djanbraun". mi'e la [[User:Robin Lee Powell|.camgusmis.]] ✅DAG
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* Section 8, page 66. Example 8.12. Says that the gismu "solri" means "actually, 'pertaining to the sun'". This is false. According to the gismu list, it means ''is''a sun.
** Leave this one alone. As a seltau, "solri" does indeed mean "solar". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 11, 5a) ''Examine all the C/C consonant pairs that join the CVC rafsi, and also the pair between the last CVC and the X portion, ignoring any "y"-hyphen before the X.'' should read instead: ''Examine all the C/C consonant pairs up to the first "y"-hyphen, or up to the end of the word in case there are no "y"-hyphens.''
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 12. In Examples 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 the calculations are given as 32500 minus the score, instead of simply the score. (Probably from previous versions of the algorithm.)
|-
| 4|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 13, page 74, third table: there is no space between "lojbaugri" and "lojbangygri", so that they are run into one word in the second column of the table.
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15 states that "dzipo" comes from "cadzu cipni" ("walking bird"). This fails to make sense either etymologically or semantically (If the name refers to penguins, there are a lot of other features of Antarctica that are more prominent and not shared by other places). I suspect that the word may actually come from "dizlo daplu" ("low island"), which is a somewhat more reasonable name.
** Not an erratum, the word really does come from "caDZu cIPni". That it fails to make sense doesn't change the fact that that is how they constructed it. The etymologies of "bemro" and "ketco" make even less sense, by the way.
*** Correct, but the etymologies are what they are. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 4|| - || - || - ||
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/m/?fromgroups#!topic/lojban/s9P3LoGj5TI Etymology of ''misro''] from ''Mizrahim'' seems like an unnecessary and surprising detour. Linking it to ''misr'' makes more sense. mu'o mi'e .[[User:iesk|iesk]]. 16:47, 10 avgusto 2013 (UTC)
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, example 6.15: It says {xamgu jo cortu nuntavla}, and the gloss says {(good if-and-only-if short) speech}, but {cortu} means "hurt", not "short".
** ✅DAG (changed to {tordu}) (in zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 6.16: vajni ju selpluka nuntavla , (important whether-or-not pleasing) event-of-talking
** Should be pluka, not selpluka. [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
|-
| 5|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 8 says "involving selma'o VOhA and GOhI, explained in Chapter 7", but VOhA doesn't appear in Chapter 7. VOhA doesn't even seem to be a selma'o, for that matter. Also, probably GOhI should be GOhA?
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8, page 96/97: Example 8.13 needs some kind of terminator (like "be'o") before the "co".
|-
| 5|| - || - || - ||
* Also, the preceding paragraph suggests that "be" is the only way to fill selbri places other than x1. This is not the case: "mi le zarci cu klama co sutra" would also work.
** I don't agree that there's any such suggestion, although adding a second possibility is fine with me. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 9 lists "kei" as the terminator for nu, but it's not only for nu, but for all of NU.
|-
| 5|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 12 the text says examples 121 and 122 "use {ke} grouping and {bo} grouping respectively", but it isn't true. Example 121 uses only implicit tanru grouping, while 122 in fact uses {ke} grouping. Also, the text says they are equivalent in meaning, but they aren't (in the first one, {cadzu} groups with {masno}). Perhaps it's missing a {bo}? The translations of examples 121-126 are all affected by this false claim of equivalence.
** "normal grouping" 1.2❓
|-
| 5|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, last example says that {broda be fi ko'i ko'e} has {ko'e} in the x4 place because {be fi} moves the counter to 3. jbofi'e disagrees, but this may not be a CLL errata -- I haven't checked the linkargs section yet to see if it is consistent.
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, page 104 says "dadylsi" for "dadysli".
|-
| 5|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 14, page 105 uses "zdani lijgri" in the example list, but the paragraph after, as well as the next list, refer to "zdani linji" and "linji zdani".
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, page 105 has the lujvo "cpumi'i" but defines it at the bottom of the set as "cpami'i".
** cuami'i s pull-machine, so using that
|-
| 5|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 106 says "plise tapla" for "apple cake". Does Turkish really refer to a cake as a tile, or is this a misunderstanding of the definition of "tapla"?
** No, it's that {tapla} can mean both cake and tile, as the gismu list shows; it's a generic word for a flat 3-D shape, or short cylinder. Stet. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 108 says "tumla spisa". This should probably be "tumla pagbu", since pieces of land are not actually detached.
** What makes you think that spisa have to be detached? Stet. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 14, page 109 says "rostu mojysu'a". "rostu" is not a Lojban gismu, nor an Old Loglan primitive. It's supposed to be "mrostu".
** "Mrostu" is correct, and that's the reading of the online version. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 5|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 14, "nunkilbra" is clearly not "sharpener", and even if it was using the right rafsi for cabra, that strikes me as a pretty crappy lujvo; needs zenba or zmadu or binxo or something.
** {{jvs|nunkilca'a}} 1.2❓
|-
| 5|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 112 lists numerous tanru examples whose meanings are hypernyms of the tertau instead of hyponyms. This contradicts the primariness of the tertau as defined on page 84. The word "ja" should probably be inserted between the constituents, or the entire section should be removed.
** Stet. Lions can't be made of stone, but {rokci cinfo} is a legitimate tanru nonetheless. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 6|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* End of section 2, it says "compound negator ``naku'' (discussed in Chapter 15)", but "naku" is never mentioned in chapter 15; indeed, the only uses of the word {ku} at all are after the words {ji'u} or {na'i}. Chapter 16 talks about {naku}.''
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 6|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 12, p. 138 claims that the sumti in examples 12.2 and 12.3 operate like examples 2.5 and 3.6 respectively. "2.6 and 3.6" is almost surely what was meant.
|-
| 6|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 11 Example 11.2 occurs twice.
|-
| 6|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2 has examples 2.3 and 2.5 to show the difference between {lo} and {le}. Example 2.5 and the subsequent text say that {lo nanmu cu ninmu} is necessarily false in lojban since {noda nanmu gi'e ninmu}. This contributes to trans-erasure, and should be revised.
|-
| 6|| - || - || - ||
* In section 5 between examples 5.2 and 5.3, it says that the typical lion best exemplifies the set of lions. This is false, it exemplifies not the set, but the members of that set.
|-
| 6|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* In section 14, example 1.93, the quote delimiter {kuot} needs a preceding pause.
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5. http://lojban.github.io/cll/7/6/index.html. 6.14 is usage with outer repeating. It would seem that was a mistake. Looking at that, it seems like the author expects {nei} to repeat the entire outermost bridi, and expects {no'a} to repeat the outer bridi alone, somehow without the current innermost bridi. Or something. Definitely seems mistaken to me. so with zo'e in place of the abstraction clause. In this case, maybe with {zi'o}, actually. That would be useful but it would be nice if that had been explicit.
|-
| 7|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 6, page 155 has a note below example 6.13 that says, in part: "The Lojban does not contain an equivalent of the "my" in colloquial English;" and then goes on to explain how example 6.13 could be modified to include the relationship between the speaker and their son and daughter. I believe you could say "le mi bersa" or "le bersa pe mi" to express the English "my," therefor removing the (presumably inaccurate) note and making the Lojban translation more accurate.
** Sure you could, but the point of the note (which is ''not'' inaccurate) is not teaching how to use relative clauses, but to clarify that the idiomatic English version contains more information than the Lojban version does. Stet.
|-
| 7|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, page 156 has ''karca'' for ''karce''.
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
<pre>
Example 7.39.
A: mi ba klama le zarci
A: I [future] go-to the store.
A: I am going to the store.
B: mi nelci le si'o mi go'i
B: I like the concept-of I [repeat-last-bridi].
B: I like the idea of my going.
A: do go'e
A: You [repeat-last-bridi-but-one].
A: You'll go, too.
...
Example 7.45.
mi ba lumci le mi karce
I will wash my car.
you might reply either:
Example 7.46.
mi go'i
I will wash your car.
or:
Example 7.47.
mi go'i ra'o
I will wash my car.
The ra'o forces the second mi from the original bridi to mean the new speaker rather than the former speaker. This means that go'e ra'o would be an acceptable alternative to do go'e in B's statement in Example 7.39.
</pre>
* After example 6.18 is a paragraph that quotes non-existent text from example 6.10. "go'e ra'o" should read "go'i ra'o" and "do go'e" should read "mi go'i"
** The correct correction is to replace "B's statement" with "A's second statement". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** Not really. "go'e ra'o" in A's second statement would mean the same as "go'e", which is wrong. The original correction is valid though.
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
*Section 6, the exceptions to the anaphora rules are almost certainly incomplete. In particular "ma" and "ce'u" definitely warrant exceptions.
|-
| 7|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, example 7.7 has "mi zbasu loi mudri zi'o" for "mi zbasu le dinju zi'o"
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 8, p. 158 implies that ''vo'a''-series anaphora refer to sumti of the bridi they themselves are sumti of. This contradicts the cmavo list, and is incorrect: ''vo'a''-series anaphora (according to the ma'oste) refer to sumti of the outermost bridi within the current sentence. This makes them logophors/long distance reflexives, rather than short-distance reflexives, as is normal in human language. Thus, in ''mi nelci lenu do prami vo'a'', ''vo'a''means ''mi'', not ''do''.
**'''-->'''[[Why the Book is Right and the ma'oste is Wrong|Why the Book is Right and the ma'oste is Wrong]]
***Which of the two cases is normal in human language? If you'd written it in Lojban, I'd know!
**** I'd guess that short-distance is normal, b/c otherwise it would not be worth comparing the two. But of course in lojban we wouldn't have to glork that.
***** Short-distance is indeed normal, but Lojbanists have consistently used long-distance. Nick wrote a peer-reviewed paper on this. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 7|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 7.8.5 (p159): bajra on third line should be bajykla, like the others.
|-
| 7|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 8, it says "Example 9.3 is a truly pregnant question..." when example 9.2 is the pregnant question, and example 9.3 is a better way of expressing "Who are you?"
|-
| 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, it says "Finally, lujvo involving ``zi'o'' are also possible, and are fully discussed in Chapter 12", but nowhere does Chapter 12 mention the word {zi'o}, much less lujvo involving it. This is probably a Chapter 12 erratum.''
|-
| 8|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In Section 3 the example 3.20 should have {xance} instead of {xanci}, which is definitely a typo. --idontknw
|-
| 8|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || - ||
* Section 8, p. 181: 8.1) ''li pai noi na'e frinu namcu''should be ''li pai noi na'e frinu cu namcu''.
** looks fine. **na'e frinu namcu** forms a tanru.
|-
| 8|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, Example 8.6, the third line, "I runningly-go to-this [[reciprocity|reciprocity]] [[x3 of this bridi|x3 of this bridi]] from-that", is not the usual decent English one would expect in that position; replaced with "I run to this from that and vice versa." is dag-cll ✅DAG
|-
| 8|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 9, example 9.2 is ''co'o xirma''. Then, ''Note that Example 9.2 says farewell to something which doesn’t really have to be a horse, something that the speaker simply thinks of as being a horse, or even might be something (a person, for example) who is named "Horse". In a sense, Example 9.2 is ambiguous between "co'o le xirma" and "co'o la xirma"''. Is this true?
** Yes, in the sense that all uses of "le" ''might'' mean "la". But it's probably more confusing than it's worth. Truncate after "thinks of as being a horse". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
*** Not sure that is right. I think too much focus in general has been given to {le}'s "non-veridicality", when it is merely more of an outgrowth of it being a deictic/phoric descriptor. In general, {le nanmu} does refer to a {nanmu}, but sometimes it may not because the deictic/phoric needs supercede veridicality (If someone has been called "the man" but you want to assert that "he"'s actually a woman, well, you get the {le nanmu cu ninmu} example.) My point though, is that I'm not sure one can just say "{le} might actually mean {la}". Certainly it'd be unusual to say that a speaker thinks of someone named "Horse" as being a horse. -- [[User:Spheniscine]]
|-
| 8|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 9 says ''In vocative phrases which are simple names (after the vocative words), any relative clauses must come just after the names''. This isn't true. Relative clauses can go between the vocative and the cmevla. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Drop it; it reflects an earlier state of the language.
**[[la gleki]]:
*** will require changes in the following paragraph with selbri + relative clauses in vocatives.
|-
| 8|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 10, example 10.3 uses "ke'a goi ko'e zo'u ko'a zbasu ke'a" but glosses it as "(IT = it2 : it1 built it2)". The assigned "ko'e" is not used as expected or described, and should probably be "ko'a zbasu ko'e". [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Yes, "ko'a zbasu ko'e" is clearly what's meant. ✅DAG
|-
| 9|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 6, place structure of ''pilno'' is missing "for purpose x3".
|-
| 9|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, the examples 8.5 and 8.6 are supposed to mean the same thing, but do not.
** Please elaborate. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
*** 8.5 means "I gave the book to John, because John gave the money to me" but 8.6 means "John gave the money to me because I gave the book to John."
** ✅DAG [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 9|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 11, description of the meaning of ".ije seri'a tu'e" contradicts the explanation of Example 9.9, which would suggest ".ije ri'a tu'e".
|-
| 9|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* section 17, "pertained to by concerning" should be separated, with "concerning" should be in the last column of the table
|-
| 9|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* section 17 "from source as an origin of" should be two entries; "from source" and "as an origin of" ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL???''
|-
| 10|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Sections 4, 18: missing "cu" in examples 4.8, 18.3, 18.6* Section 18, examples 18.3 and 18.6 are missing a cu/ku, so the examples have no main selbri.
|-
| 10|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 4, "when both spatial and temporal tense cmavo are given in a single tense construct, the temporal tense is expressed first" disagrees with the rule simple-tense-modal-972 in the BNF grammar.
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9, example 9.9 on page 227 has "cirli" for "cirla".
|-
| 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, the explanation of the meaning of the second "pu" in example 12.2 conflicts with the rule in section 13 that tenses in subordinate bridi are relative to the tense of the main bridi.
|-
| 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, example 12.6 translates morsi as "die" rather than "am dead" in the translation (as opposed to the gloss).
|-
| 10|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 16, at the end, the X and Y in the 3 forms don't fit properly (the 3rd doesn't match the first two). I recommend, copying from Section 23 (where they are written again correctly):
<pre>
X .i TENSE bo Y
TENSE gi X gi Y
Y TENSE le nu X
</pre>
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 17, example 17.12 should not have the second "bevri".
|-
| 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 18, example 18.9 is supposed to show scalar negation of tenses not limited to PU and FAhA, but the example tense is ri'u (FAhA2).
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 19, example 19.10 should have "ba", not "pu", and "<nowiki>[future]</nowiki>", not "<nowiki>[past]</nowiki>".
|-
| 10|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 21, example 21.1 doesn't seem to parallel the English gloss and translation: the Lojban version implies that "I throw the gun", and not "I fire the gun".
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 25, examples 25.1 and 25.2 have ''lu'a'' for ''la'u''.
|-
| 10|| ✘Cowan || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 25, this whole section is at odds with the formal grammar. It says: ''It is grammatical for a termset to be placed after a tense or modal tag rather than a sumti''. But that is in fact incorrect, it is not grammatical for a termset to be the argument of a tag.
** Unfortunately true. Termsets suck rocks, and some work will have to be done to make everything said about them consistent -- if it is even possible. Personally, I'd like to just burn them. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
|-
| 10|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 27: MOhI see Section 28, not 27.
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 4: The use of ka in Example 4.4 (page 259) is erroneous; it should be du'u. --[[John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Last paragraph of section 7 references chapter 5 for a discussion of "lu'e". lu'e isn't mentioned in chapter 5. Probably chapter 6 is meant here.
** Yes, should be Section 5.10. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** [[la gleki]]:
**** should be Section 6.10 and is so in milestone 1.1.
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9, page 266 has "sao'rdzifa'a" instead of "sa'ordzifa'a".
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* The same example (9.6) also has kuctra instead of kuctai
|-
| 11|| - || - || - ||
* The book title in example 9.6 seems to be incorrect: "The Crucifixion of Jesus Considered As A Downhill Bicycle Race" is actually "[http://www.evergreenreview.com/102/fiction/duo.html The Crucifixion Considered As An Uphill Bicycle Race]."
** Unapproved
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 10: Paragraph above example 10.7 references "Chapter 11". That should read "Chapter 10".
|-
| 11|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ↴1.1 || - ||
* Section 12, page 269 has examples 13.1 and 13.2, those should be called 12.1 and 12.2.
** not applicable to milestone 1.1 that has another system of numeration and is fine in regards to this bug [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 04:36, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 2, page 275. The paragraph under Example 2.3 refers to it as Example 2.4 (2.4 doesn't even exist).
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 5, right after example 5.7. It says "a" instead of "an".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, page 280. Example 6.6 should have a space between "la spat." and "noi".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, page 282. Example 7.5 has "bansoi" instead of "balsoi".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 11, page 285 has "xascakcurnu" instead of "xasycakcurnu".
|-
| 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12 refers to "nunklama" as the same lujvo as "nunkla". Even if these are equivalent alternatives it would be less confusing to be consistent.
|-
| 12|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 12 claims that -jax- is a rafsi for {jai}, but it isn't in http://www.lojban.org/publications/wordlists/rafsi.txt. Does {jai} have a rafsi or not?
** It should, but somehow it never got into the gismu list, and consequently not into the rafsi list either. Stet, and we'll add it to the gismu list. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
***[[la gleki]]:
****by a request from me Robin added it to la jbovlaste some years ago. But still gimste.txt lacks it.
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 12, right at the end, says that {fai} is explained in Chapter 11, but Chapter 11 makes no mention of {fai}. Only chapters 9 and 10 do.
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 14, example 14.2. Missing < /pre > tag, and missing < pre> tag following explanatory paragraph.
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, page 291. The paragraph under example 14.7 says "se xance mindu" instead of "se xance minde".
|-
| 12|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 15, two paragraphs before example 15.7. It says "There are some comparative concepts which are in which the 'se zmadu' is difficult to specify." The "which are in which" seems grammatically incorrect.
** Drop "which are". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.1, the x4 of {zmadu} and {mleca} should be "by amount" or "by quantity", not "in quantity".
|-
| 12|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 15, page 294, example 15.14. "la ainctain" needs a period before it because it starts with a vowel.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Many incidents of not having periods in front of vowel-initial cmavo.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In section 2, p. 300 references to the examples for .ue and .uecu'i are flipped. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 3, page 303, example 3.9. "e'e" needs a period before it.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 3: 3.13: ".ianai do pu pensi le nu tcica mi": {pensi} is malgli and tcica1 is not an agent
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 3, page 303, example 3.10. "tisna" needs to be replaced with "tisygau".
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 4, page 305. The scale with the gismu mnemonics is misaligned with the scale with the members of selma'o CAI. "sai" should be tabbed one place left, so that it aligns with tsali, &c.
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, it says "It is not clear how much use logically connected abstractors will be: see Chapter 13." It should be "Chapter 15."
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 13|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 10, page 313. There is a missing space between "continue emotion" and "end emotion".
** milestone 1.1 looks fine.
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* <nowiki>Section 15. A sample dialogue 15.4) / [Comment] Pam says, [Please] Alice, [end-of-comment] / [Comment] Pam says, [end-of-comment] [Please] Alice,/</nowiki> [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.5 /xamgu/gleki/ ?
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.10) /fi'i ro zvati ko pinxe pa ckafi/fi'i ro zvati .i ko pinxe pa ckafi/
** No, this one is perfectly fine: "fi'i ro zvati" is a vocative phrase, which is a free modifier, meaning that it can occur almost anywhere. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
|-
| 13|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.13) /fi'o selpleji mi/fi'o pleji mi/
** And "with payer" rather than "with payment"; ey's not paying with emself! -- camgusmis
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* ".ai mi benji do le ckana" with gloss "[intent] I transfer you to-the bed". I think benji               should be replaced with muvgau.
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.13. Wrong use of {selfu}. {bevri} would fit better.
|-
| 13|| - || - || - ||
* "mi facki fi lemi mapku" is used repeatedly for "I found my hat". While this is not wrong, it's bad style and makes the gloss awkward in respect to the translation. Replacing "facki" with "zvafa'i" would remove the problem and make it more precise.
|-
| 14|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 6, example 3: "Alices" should be "Alice" without -s.
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 8, right before example 8.9 is "producing example 8.10" which should in fact read "producing example 8.9".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 9: between example 9.10 and 9.11, "identified" should read "identical"
|-
| 14|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 11, example 4: The gloss seems to have a misplaced "[plus]".
** milestone 1.1 looks fine [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 04:50, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 11, right before section 12. It says "termsets...are explained in Chapter 12 and Chapter 16" but chapter 12 (which is on lujvo) makes absolutely no mention of termsets. Chapters 9 and 10 discuss termsets.
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 14, example 14.15 is not grammatical (according to jbofi'e and camxes) because it says "pe'e .e" when it should say "pe'e je".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, example 14.16 mentions "sorme", which is probably Old Loglan, and should be replaced by "mensi".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, "the stated gloss of TFTTas “only if” works naturally only when the right-hand bridi is true; if it is false, the left-hand bridi may be either true or false." changed to "the stated gloss of TFTTas “only if” works naturally only when the right-hand bridi is false; if it is true, the left-hand bridi may be either true or false."
|-
| 14|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 15, example 15.8 is missing a dot after "la lojban".
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 15, right after 15.9, it says "example 14.17" where it should say "example 15.9" (14.17 does not exist).
|-
| 14|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.9 is not grammatical; it should be "la djan. fa'u la frank. cusku nu'i bau la lojban. pe'e fa'u bai la djordj.".
|-
| 14|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 17, example 17.4 is wrong. The section explains that mekso operators can be logically connected using {gu'e ... gi ...}, but this example tries to connect them with {ge ... gi ...}. Replace {ge} with {gu'e} in the example to correct it.
|-
| 14|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 19, example 19.4 is translated as "I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things is-at Jupiter or-else I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things isn't-at Jupiter" but really it's "I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things is-at Jupiter or-else I '''do-not''' opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things '''is-at''' Jupiter". So 19.4 is actually true, not false as it is claimed to be.
** Correct, so this example will need replacing. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
*** 1.2❓ by replacing '''cu''' with '''na'''. [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 00:31, 15 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 14|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Also there isn't really a reason for it to say a mass of living things and not some individual living things.
** Stet. The author prefers it that way, thankyouverymuch. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]].
|-
| 15|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, missing < /pre > tag after example 2.8 and < pre> tag before example 2.9.
|-
| 15|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 4, example 4.12 /nake/na'eke/
|-
| 15|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 9, two paragraphs above example 9.4 the word "negativ" should be "negative".
|-
| 15|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 9: Is there supposed to be any difference between ex. 9.5 and 9.6?
** That problem is only in the online version.
*** not in milestone 1.1 [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:09, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 15|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 10, three paragraphs after example 10.14, there's a semicolon which should be a comma after "(say, a spelling error)".
|-
| 15|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 10, it says "'ji'una'iku' metalinguistically says that something is wrong with that assumption. (See Chapter 10.)". Shouldn't that be Chapter 9, modals?
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]].
|-
| 15|| - || - || - ||
* change "A ``na'' before the selbri is always transformed into a ``naku'' at the left-hand end of the prenex, and vice versa." to: "A ``na'' before the selbri is always transformed into a ``naku'' at the right-hand end of the prenex, and vice versa."
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 5, example 5.5: English has "every Y" when it should read "every X"
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, example 6.6 has a missing "cu" before "viska".
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, the explanation of example 8.3 says "any entity which is one is also the other". That would be true if the example used {go}, but it uses {ganai}. 8.3 does not claim that if something walks across the field then it goes to the store. [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] Change it to use {go}. ✅DAG
** Same place: needs to bo {da go}, not {go da} And the gloss should be "For-every X: X is-a-goer-to the store if-and-only-if it is-a-walker-on the field." ✅DAG
|-
| 16|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 8, example 8.3. Either the {da} should come before the {ganai} (or, by the previous ^ erratum, {go}) and the gloss should be changed to only mention "X" once, or a {da} should be inserted before {cadzu}.
** ✅DAG chose first option since it's terser (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* This: "Adjacent negation boundaries in the prenex can be dropped," reads better as "Adjacent pairs of negation boundaries in the prenex can be dropped,"
** [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
*** The online version says "Adjacent double negation boundaries", but I'm okay with either "double" or "pairs of". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 16|| ✘Cowan || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 10, ex. 10.5 and 10.6 have a prenex, "naku zo'u", after an ijek. This is not allowed by the grammar. It could be fixed by removing the "zo'u" and using "naku" outside the prenex, although this is only explained in the following Section 11.
** This is a big problem, and I'm not sure what should be fixed. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 12, ex. 12.7 and 12.9 have missing "cu"s.
|-
| 16|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 14, Example 14.1 has "blaci" (glass) not "blabi" (white) as per the English.
|-
| 16|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* A few missing {ku'o}: ex 1.89, ex 1.92
** [[la gleki]]: ex.16.89, ex.16.92 plus ex.16.83.
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 5, after example 5.1, paragraph starting "However, " has incorrect font.
|-
| 17|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5, in the second paragraph after example 5.1, says 'the lerfu word “ty” would represent not Latin “t” but Greek “tau”.' Shouldn't it be "ty."?
|-
| 17|| ✘Cowan || - || - ||
* Section 9, page 421. lerfu strings are written without pauses or spaces, even though BY words have to end with a consonant.
** Stet. BY words do not end with a consonant, and a string of them can never be ambiguous, so pauses/spaces are not required. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 9, Example 9.4: shouldn't "symyjy" be "symydy" (lojban morphology)?
|-
| 17|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 10. After Example 10.4.5, the reference to Example 10.4 should be instead to Example 10.4.5.
**In the current DAG-CLL, the examples numbering is sane, but after Example 10.3, the two references to Example 10.4 should be to Example 10.3.
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Right before section 12, there is a line break in the middle of the paragraph.
|-
| 17|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* In section 13, the first paragraph states "Historically, these character sets have only covered the English alphabet and a few selected punctuation marks.", which is incorrect. There have been multitudes of character sets for writing systems other than the English alphabet.
** Change to something along the line of "Historically, each of these character sets has only covered a particular writing system."
|-
| 17|| - || - || - ||
* Section 17, page 427. ".tvriydos. bu" begins with the consonant cluster, which isn't even permissible medially.
** change to tyvriydos
*** [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] ✅DAG
**** Actually, it should be "tyvrdos. bu" --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
***** тврьдо => <nowiki>[tvrido]</nowiki> (ignoring length) => '''tyvriydos. bu''' given that ь is always Lojbanized as '''iy''' [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 00:20, 29 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 17|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In the table in section 19, the lervla for over-dot (".garmoc. bu") and over-ring (".garjin. bu") should be updated to their post-Reallocation forms, ".gapmoc. bu" and ".gapyjin. bu".
|-
| 17|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 19 has two columns run together in the row that says "Danish/Latin aetei .abu .ebu foi"
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* [https://lojban.github.io/cll/18/10/ ju'u] is in VUhU. It should be of the type PA. Notice how {pi} and {ni'u} and {ka'o} and {ci'i} and {fi'u} are all of type {pa}, so they can go in a numerical literal between digits. especially {ka'o}, which can separate the real part and imaginary part to make a complex literal, and similarly {su'o} and {su'e} can separate numbers to make intervals.
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 3, ex. 3.10, should translate as ".1012001".
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In section 4 example 4.5 is linked instead of 4.7 - "Example 4.5 is not ``1 minus 2'', <nowiki>[.. ..]</nowiki>" where example 4.5 is just "te'o".
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 5, p437 ex5.9 gloss: our -> four
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, p438: j vu'u -> vu'u
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Start of section 11 should read there are five members of MOI (not four).
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 11, ex 11.10 on va'e "sofi'upano" in the example is glossed as "8/10" instead of "9/10".
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 11, "lei ratcu poi zvati le panka cu so'umei fo lo'i ratcu", but there is no 4th place of mei.
** Remove the "fo";
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Example 14.4 needs a sub-2 after both numbers.
|-
| 18|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* In section 17, example 17.5, {gi} should be replaced by {gu'e}, because mekso operators are to be connected by guheks. This is essentially the same mistake as in example 14/17.4.
|-
| 18|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* In section 17, the English translation for example 17.6 has the formula rendered wrong in the HTML version. The fraction bar should be added (it is invisble currently), and the words "then x =" should be vertically aligned to the fraction bar (they are currently aligned to the numerator).
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* In section 17, at the bottom of page 454, the quadratic formula should be described as a classic example of operator logical connection, not operand.
|-
| 18|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 17, 17.7 (li no ga'o bi'o ke'i pa) is *not* equivalent to 17.9 (li pimu su'i ni'upimu bi'o ma'upimu). I (rlpowell) have replaced bi'o with "bi'o ke'i" in the latter. NOT APPROVED but ✅DAG
|-
| 18|| ❗ || ✅DAG || - ||
* In section 17, the Lojban of 17.8 (li pimu ga'o mi'i ke'i pimu) is not equivalent to 0.5 ± 0.5, regardless of how the latter is interpreted; I (rlpowell) have removed that English equivalency. NOT APPROVED but ✅DAG
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* Section 20, p458: -established -> established [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]]
**no longer approved by JCowan [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:14, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| 18|| ✘Cowan || - || 1.2❓ ||
* Section 21 states that the rafsi of "frinu" may be used as rafsi for "fi'u"; however, "frinu" lost both of its short rafsi in the Reallocation, so this really isn't very useful. The table below lists "fi'u" as a rafsi usable for "fi'u", therefore of "frinu"; the gimste lists "fi'u" as a rafsi of "cfipu".
** This is a serious problem which needs some thought. There needs to be a rafsi for fi'u somehow. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
** simply use the long rafsi [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:49, 25 September 2015 (PDT)
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Section 18.26 says that '''cu'o''' is a rafsi of '''cu'o''': "cu'o (borrowed from cunso...". This makes no sense since one rafsi can't belong to two words.
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* Section 21 "“se” can be used to convert an operator as if it were a selbri, so that its arguments are exchanged." is a false statement. {{jvs|se}} converts tanru-unit-2, not selbri. Anyway, just say "“se” is also used to exchange arguments of an operator". [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:49, 25 September 2015 (PDT)
|-
| 18|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 22 example 22.3, "mo'e voboi renomei su'i ze", does not parse.
** It needs "vei" in front to be a quantifier (an operand by itself is not a permitted fragment). Also, the following text mentions "te'u" but the example omits it.
*** None of those examples parse without {li}, which I have added to all. Replaced the one in question with "li mo'e voboi renomei te'u su'i ze"
|-
| 18|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 25. The rafsi for "so'e", -sop-, is missing, the rafsi for the following four words are listed under the wrong word. That is, -sor- is actually the rafsi for "so'i", and -daz- is the rafsi for "da'a".
|-
| 18|| - || - || - ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Sections 25, 26. Cmavo are now shown in tables and now it's not obvious that the second column are rafsi.
|-
| 18|| - || - || 1.2❓ ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Section 26. The tables are broken.
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 4, p467 ex4.3: zu'o -> zo'u
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 6, page 472. Example 6.6 ends with "klama", but for the argument to make sense, it has to say "nunkla".
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section 7, Example 7.1 has as the English: "I go-to (firstly) the store and (secondly) the market." "the market" should be "the house".
|-
| 19|| ❗ || ✅DAG ✅1.1 || - ||
* Example 11.8, there's a denpabu after {za'e} and no denpabu after {albeinias}.
** ✅DAG (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| 19|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 11, the paragraph after example 11.8 says "ctiipyris" but it should be "ckiipyris".
|-
| 19|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* Section 13, "and the undefined fu'ivla “speranto”." Replace "fu'ivla" with "lujvo".
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section LE, page 498. In "le gerku klama le zdani", "cu" is missing.
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section TUhE, page 505. In "xagmau zo'u tu'e ganai cidja gi cnino .i ganai vanju gi tolci'o tu'u", '''cnino''' should be replaced by '''citno'''. Also, a prenex can't have a selbri, so '''xagmau''' should be replaced by '''lo xagmau'''.
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* Section SE, page 504: missing "cu" after "zarci".
|-
| 20|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the passages on VEI and VEhO, the "bo"s should be changed to "bi'e"s.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule simple-tense-modal-972 is missing a "|" before the CUhE.
|-
| 21|| ❗ || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule simple-tense-modal-972 has an extra newline in the space/time subphrase.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule selbri-1-131 is missing a "|" before the NA.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|✔camgu]] || ✅DAG || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule tanru-unit-2-152 is missing a "|" before the JAI.
** [[la camgusmis]]: bizarelly, the Word doc the book was printed from does not have this problem at all.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule operator-1-371 is missing two "|".
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule mex-operator-374 is missing a "|" before the MAhO and another before the VUhU.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || ✅1.1 || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule operand-3-385 is missing a "|" before the NIhE.
|-
| 21|| [[Approved Erratum|✔Cowan]] || - || 1.2❓ ||
* In the BNF grammar, in the rule time_1030, the "ZEhA <nowiki>[</nowiki>PU NAI <nowiki>]</nowiki>" should be enclosed in parentheses.
|}

Talk:CLL, aka Reference Grammar, Errata

2017-07-30T08:59:54Z

Cirko: jmina pa mi'e zei notci

==casnu==
*e'u co'u pilno lo se jorne papri gi'e co'a pilno la'o zoi.github.zoi

==Discussion fro the old wiki (Tiki)==
* stevo Sun 06 of Aug., 2006 19:48 GMT:
*In a message dated 8/6/2006 11:52:29 AM Central Standard Time, webmaster@lojban.org writes:
**+ Chapter 3, section 12, page 47. "are/"esse" should probably be "are"/"esse" (the acute on the a may or may not have been left off, but the closing quote after are is definitely missing.)
** * My copy shows the acute.

== kontrovesi ==

i ei pei zbasu lo cnino kamju (sei [[User:Gleki|la gleki]] cu cusku)
* zoi fa. <nowiki></nowiki> .fa. tcita fi lo ka mi jinvi lo du'u xamgu fa lo nu casnu ce'u ba kau lo nu so'a drata mo'u se casnu .i si'a zoi fa. <nowiki></nowiki> .fa. zo'u jinvi lo du'u ro se tcita be ri cu canci fau lo nu ningau ku ja'e lo nu palcau fa lo ka ca zukte su'o da pe ru .i lo nu lazni ku po'o krinu lo nu pagbu ti noi papri je nai su'o sepli .i pe'i lo nu da'i jmina fi su'o cnino kamju cu se sarcu lo nu lo jo'ai xa'o zasti kamju cu jdika lo ka ganra .i .ai ba cipcta su'o cumki mi'e la [[User:Cirko|Cirko]] ([[User talk:Cirko|talk]]) 01:59, 30 July 2017 (PDT)

Talk:CLL, aka Reference Grammar, Errata

2017-07-30T08:59:21Z

Cirko: spusku fi tu'a zo kontrovesi

CLL, aka Reference Grammar, Errata

2017-07-27T17:50:17Z

Cirko: sarxygau fi lo .gitxab. liste

This page is for errata in [[The Complete Lojban Language|The Complete Lojban Language]], that is for mistakes such as typos, or self-contradictions, or contradictions with other baselined language definition material. This is '''not''' a page to put desiderata (suggestions for improvement); such suggestions should go to [[Suggestions for CLL, second edition|Suggestions for CLL, second edition]]. This is also not a page to put errata resulting from the 4th Baseline Grammar proposal (i.e., the [[PEG|PEG]] grammar); PEG grammar errata should go to [[CLL PEG Errata|CLL PEG Errata]].

An online version of the CLL incorporating the changes on this page [https://lojban.org/publications/cll/ is available].

See also [[What is Lojban errata|'What is Lojban?' errata]] (for the published version), Level 0 Booklet Errata [[Level 0 Booklet Errata Introduction|Level 0 Booklet Errata]] (for the pre-publication reviews; now finished), and [[Lessons Errata|Lessons Errata]] (for the beginners' course).

*The "''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''" tag means that http://mw.lojban.org/extensions/cll/ includes this fix, which also means it'll probably be in the next CLL version.
*The "''PROPOSED for milestone...''" tag means that https://lojban.org/publications/cll might contain the fix in future and might be included in the next CLL version (editing is done by contributors of a [https://github.com/lojban/cll github repository]).
*The "''INCLUDED IN milestone...''" tag means that https://lojban.org/publications/cll contains the fix and is or will be included in the next printed CLL version (editing is done by contributors of a [https://github.com/lojban/cll github repository]).
*The "''NOT applicable to milestone...''" tag means that the bug is no longer relevant to https://lojban.org/publications/cll due to formatting changes or it's overriden by other fixes.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! chapter !! approved !! included !! proposed !! Erratum
|-
| chapter 1|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* The very first picture has a pedagogical error: "coi lojban." should be "coi .lojban." (This is an error even by pre-dotside standards, as pre-dotside, only {la}/{lai}/{doi} didn't require a pause before cmevla.)
** All/most cmevla need a once-over for dotside (some pre-dotside errors too, like {.alis})
|-
| chapter 1|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* There is a paragraph at the very beginning of CLL, on page 4, with the sentence ''"In essence, Chapter 2 gives a brief overview of the language, Chapter 21 gives the formal structure of the language, and the chapters in between put semantic bones on that formal flesh."''
** Wouldn't it make more sense to say "put semantic flesh on those formal bones"?
|-
| chapter 1|| - || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 6, it says "Larry Horn's work ''The Natural History of Negation''". It would appear that everyone else calls it '''''A''' Natural History of Negation'', by '''Laurence''' (R.) Horn.
|-
| chapter 2|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2.2 paragraph 2 says "o as in “dome”" but Australian/British English pronounces "dome" as per http://howjsay.com/index.php?word=dome&submit=Submit (i.e. a diphthong, which would be incorrect). This may result in many readers learning the wrong pronunciation of Lojban.
: This sort of issue also exists in the "Level 0 Booklet" publication.
: There must be a better example word that has the correct "o" for all dialects of English - is "lozenge" a good word?
: At the very least, specify which dialect is intended.
|-
| chapter 2|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5 example 5.7 uses "ti" to point at a language, and should have its accompanying note changed to more accurately reflect that this is not how "ti" works.
|-
| chapter 2|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 6 Example 6.5 has "cu" as elidable, when in fact it is simply illegal there. Removed. ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
** uanai, I still see "cu" in DAG-CLL.
|-
| chapter 2|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 8 page 17 claims that "xu" is discussed in section 1.7, which happens to list the captions for all the chapter pictures.
** It should refer to Section 15. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
*** The link in the current DAG-CLL is pointing to "2/2/15" instead of to "2/15".
*** [[la gleki]]: ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1''. Can't see problems with the link.
|-
| chapter 2|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 10 says that example 10.3 (mi tavla do le tavla ku) means the same as (mi tavla do le tavla ku). Example 10.3 should be "mi tavla do le tavla", as it describes how "ku" may be omitted.
** It appears that example 10.3 is incorrect only in the online version, not the published book.|-
|-
| chapter 2|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 17 says "Note that Example 17.3 has and requires a “cu” to prevent “bajra” and “klama” from forming a tanru, but Example 17.4 and Example 17.5 lack the unnecessary “cu”.", but example 17.3 is "la djan. ~np~[[cu|cu]]~/np~ klama le zarci".
** It appears that the offending sentence is present only in the online version, not the published book.
** [[la gleki]]: milestone 1.1 doesn't have this sentence, seems okay.
|-
| chapter 2|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Example 17.9 is "le vi tavla ku cu ba klama" in the online version, and totally broken in the published book.
** Go with the online version.
|-
| chapter 2|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Example 17.9 in dag-cll as of 2012-05-05 is "le vi tavla ~np~[[ku|ku]]~/np~ cu ba klama". Since the same section has explained that tense tags make "cu" unnecessary, I think the example should be "le vi tavla ~np~[[ku|ku]] [[cu|cu]]~/np~ ba klama".
|-
| chapter 3|| - || - || - ||
*A lot of the IPA examples use a space to indicate a syllable break. This is not standard IPA usage; according to IPA, the period “.” should be used to indicate a syllable division.
**[[la gleki]]:
***what are those examples?
*** Section 3 has some but those are probably only for CLL 2.0 or later
|-
| chapter 3|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 2, page 30: in the table the description of "apostrophe" should read "an unvoiced glottal spirant", not "a unvoiced".
|-
| chapter 3|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 2, digital version. The IPA table got horribly mangled somewhere along the way. It should look like (SAMPA column added):
** Sort-of [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]]; what I actually did is had Arnt review what someone entered in DAG-CLL, which presumably was based on the above. ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
{| class="wikitable"
|| Letter
|| IPA
|| SAMPA
|| Description
|-
|| '
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/h h]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/h h]
|| an unvoiced glottal spirant
|-
|| ,
|| -
|| -
|| the syllable separator
|-
|| .
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʔ ʔ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/CLL,+aka+Reference+Grammar,+Errata? ?]
|| a glottal stop or a pause
|-
|| a
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/a a], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɑ ɑ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/a a], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/A A]
|| an open vowel
|-
|| b
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/b b]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/b b]
|| a voiced bilabial stop
|-
|| c
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʃ ʃ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʂ ʂ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/S S], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s%60 s`]
|| an unvoiced postalveolar fricative
|-
|| d
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/d d]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/d d]
|| a voiced dental/alveolar stop
|-
|| e
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɛ ɛ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/e e]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/E E], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/e e]
|| a front mid vowel
|-
|| f
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/f f], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɸ ɸ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/f f], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p/ p\]
|| an unvoiced labial fricative
|-
|| g
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɡ ɡ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/g g]
|| a voiced velar stop
|-
|| i
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/i i]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/i i]
|| a front close vowel
|-
|| j
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʒ ʒ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʐ ʐ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Z Z], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z%60 z`]
|| a voiced postalveolar fricative
|-
|| k
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/k k]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/k k]
|| an unvoiced velar stop
|-
|| l
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l l], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l̩ l̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l l], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/l= l=]
|| a voiced lateral approximant (may be syllabic)
|-
|| m
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m m], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m̩ m̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m m], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/m= m=]
|| a voiced bilabial nasal (may be syllabic)
|-
|| n
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n n], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n̩ n̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ŋ ŋ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ŋ̩ ŋ̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n n], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/n= n=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/N N], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/N= N=]
|| a voiced dental or velar nasal (may be syllabic)
|-
|| o
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/o o], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɔ ɔ]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/o o], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/O O]
|| a back mid vowel
|-
|| p
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p p]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/p p]
|| an unvoiced bilabial stop
|-
|| r
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r r], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɹ ɹ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɾ ɾ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʀ ʀ], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r̩ r̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɹ̩ ɹ̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ɾ̩ ɾ̩], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ʀ̩ ʀ̩]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r r], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r/ r\], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/4 4], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/R/ R\], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r= r=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/r/= r\=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/4= 4=], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/R/= R\=]
|| a rhotic sound
|-
|| s
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s s]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/s s]
|| an unvoiced alveolar sibilant
|-
|| t
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/t t]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/t t]
|| an unvoiced dental/alveolar stop
|-
|| u
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/u u]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/u u]
|| a back close vowel
|-
|| v
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/v v], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/β β]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/v v], [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/B B]
|| a voiced labial fricative
|-
|| x
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/x x]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/x x]
|| an unvoiced velar fricative
|-
|| y
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/ə ə]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/@ @]
|| a central mid vowel
|-
|| z
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z z]
|| [http://www.lojban.org/tiki/z z]
|| a voiced alveolar sibilant
|}
|-
| chapter 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, page 30. for the second eng (immediately to the left of "(may be syllabic)") the syllabicity marker is concealed by the right tail.
** I can just barely see the marker under a good light. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
*** For future editions :-) , note that the IPA approves putting diacritics above rather than below the letter in cases like these. Unfortunately, the fonts hitherto available have not made this facility available, so outside the journal of the IPA itself, such over-diacritics are seldom seen. — nitcion
|-
| chapter 3|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* In section 3.2, the comma should (probably) be represented by the IPA notation <nowiki>[.]</nowiki>, as the period is used in IPA to denote syllable breaks.
|-
| chapter 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, page 30. For the Lojban phoneme /r/, the IPA symbol for a dental/alveolar voiced apical tap is given with a syllabicity marker below. A tap can't be syllabic, because it is by definition instantaneous. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] Just remove that case altogether.
|-
| chapter 3|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 2. The descriptions of ''c'' and ''j'' are listed as "coronal sibilant"s. The descriptions should read "voiceless postalveolar fricative" and "voiced postalveolar fricative", respectively.
|-
| chapter 3|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 3, third paragraph (page 31): "a unvoiced vowel glide" should be "an unvoiced vowel glide".
|-
| chapter 3|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 6, page 36. IPA for the unacceptable American flap variant of intervocalic ''t'' shows the GA ''r'' sound (upside-down r) instead of the flap (like an r with no vertical bit at the top — see the list of acceptible ''r'' variants on on page 44 where it appears correctly) [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 3|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 6, page 36. (Same as previous erratum) The consonant is referred to as a flap, while it is actually a tap.
|-
| chapter 3|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 7. In between the shaded boxes, "a pairing of voiced and unvoiced equivalent vowels" should read "a pairing of voiced and unvoiced equivalent consonants".
|-
| chapter 3|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 8, page 38. IPA for pronunciation of "xapcke" has c where it should have S (long s).
|-
| chapter 3|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 9, page 40. IPA for pronunciation of "dikyjvo" has j where it should have Z (that little script z thing)
|-
| chapter 3|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, page 46. What should be the Cyrillic letter ; is printed as something that looks like the Greek letter . Is this only a typographical variant of the ;, or is it a variant?
** This erratum is indecipherable and should be dropped, unless someone can reconstruct it. The Cyrillic letters look fine. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 3|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 12, page 46. Replace the words "the hard sign" with an actual hard sign, U+044A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN.
|-
| chapter 3|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 12, page 47. "are/"esse" should probably be "are"/"esse" (the acute on the a may or may not have been left off, but the closing quote after are is definately missing.)
** My copy shows the acute.
|-
| chapter 4|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 4, page 54. The book states that fu'ivla with a form like ''spa'i'' are valid. They are not, they fail the slinku'i test.
**anyone can find that in post-1997 CLLs?
|-
| chapter 4|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 6, p 58, "-lac" in the third table in that section should be "-lac-"
|-
| chapter 4|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 6, it says "Most cmavo that have rafsi are ones used in composing tanru (for a complete list, see Chapter 12)", but there is no such list in Chapter 12, or anywhere in the book (ju'osai). Perhaps it wants to point to the list of PA rafsi in Chapter 18 section 25? Or to the lists of tanru in Chapter 5 sections 14 and 15?
** What I probably meant was that Chapter 12, taken as a whole, discusses the cmavo used in constructing tanru. I don't think any specific list ever existed. I'd just drop the parenthetical sentence.
** Related is the general problem of constructing tanru out of arbitrary cmavo, like what {lo ve lujvo be fo lu <ga'e zei lerfu> li'u} should be. {ze'oi} was invented for that purpose... probably too experimental for CLL though.
|-
| chapter 4|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 6, just after example 6.9. It says "some of the unreduced forms in the previous example", but it is not referring to the previous example: it is referring all the way back to examples 6.1 and 6.2, so it should be "some of the unreduced forms in the previous example'''s'''".
** ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' (zort's fork at least)
** [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] Refer explicitly to 6.1 and 6.2
** [[la gleki]]: In CLL 1.1 it's probably the phrase "In addition, the unreduced forms in Example 4.27 and Example 4.28 may be fully reduced to:"
|-
| chapter 4|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 7, page 60. In example 6.16, the word "xarnykarce" is glossed as "war-car". Either the gloss should be updated to reflect the veljvo ("stubborn-car"), or the lujvo should be updated to reflect the gloss "jamkarce"
** The latter [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
|-
| chapter 4|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 7, making a type 3 fu'ivla, step 5 should read "steps 1-4", not "steps 1-5". [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 4|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 7, step 5 of the Stage 3 fu'ivla: "if the rafsi ends in ''r'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''n'' (or vice versa) use an ''l''-hyphen" should read "if the rafsi ends in ''r'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''n'', ''tc'', ''ts'', ''dz'' or ''dj'', or the rafsi ends in ''n'' and the rest of the fu'ivla begins with ''r'' use an ''l''-hyphen". [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 4|| - || - || - ||
* The end of section 7 seems to imply that cmene are exempt from the normal restrictions on consonant clusters as long as each consonant pair is valid.
|-
| chapter 4|| - || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 8. Example 8.10 ''djandjonz'' is not valid lojban as it contains the forbidden consonant sequence `ndj`. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] Replace with a different name.
** Replacing with "John Brown" as "djanbraun". mi'e la [[User:Robin Lee Powell|.camgusmis.]] ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
|-
| chapter 4|| - || - || - ||
* Section 8, page 66. Example 8.12. Says that the gismu "solri" means "actually, 'pertaining to the sun'". This is false. According to the gismu list, it means ''is''a sun.
** Leave this one alone. As a seltau, "solri" does indeed mean "solar". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 4|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 11, 5a) ''Examine all the C/C consonant pairs that join the CVC rafsi, and also the pair between the last CVC and the X portion, ignoring any "y"-hyphen before the X.'' should read instead: ''Examine all the C/C consonant pairs up to the first "y"-hyphen, or up to the end of the word in case there are no "y"-hyphens.''
|-
| chapter 4|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 12. In Examples 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 the calculations are given as 32500 minus the score, instead of simply the score. (Probably from previous versions of the algorithm.)
|-
| chapter 4|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 13, page 74, third table: there is no space between "lojbaugri" and "lojbangygri", so that they are run into one word in the second column of the table.
|-
| chapter 4|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15 states that "dzipo" comes from "cadzu cipni" ("walking bird"). This fails to make sense either etymologically or semantically (If the name refers to penguins, there are a lot of other features of Antarctica that are more prominent and not shared by other places). I suspect that the word may actually come from "dizlo daplu" ("low island"), which is a somewhat more reasonable name.
** Not an erratum, the word really does come from "caDZu cIPni". That it fails to make sense doesn't change the fact that that is how they constructed it. The etymologies of "bemro" and "ketco" make even less sense, by the way.
*** Correct, but the etymologies are what they are. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 4|| - || - || - ||
* [https://groups.google.com/forum/m/?fromgroups#!topic/lojban/s9P3LoGj5TI Etymology of ''misro''] from ''Mizrahim'' seems like an unnecessary and surprising detour. Linking it to ''misr'' makes more sense. mu'o mi'e .[[User:iesk|iesk]]. 16:47, 10 avgusto 2013 (UTC)
|-
| chapter 5|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 6, example 6.15: It says {xamgu jo cortu nuntavla}, and the gloss says {(good if-and-only-if short) speech}, but {cortu} means "hurt", not "short".
** ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' (changed to {tordu}) (in zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 5|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Example 6.16: vajni ju selpluka nuntavla , (important whether-or-not pleasing) event-of-talking
** Should be pluka, not selpluka. [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
|-
| chapter 5|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 8 says "involving selma'o VOhA and GOhI, explained in Chapter 7", but VOhA doesn't appear in Chapter 7. VOhA doesn't even seem to be a selma'o, for that matter. Also, probably GOhI should be GOhA?
|-
| chapter 5|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 8, page 96/97: Example 8.13 needs some kind of terminator (like "be'o") before the "co".
|-
| chapter 5|| - || - || - ||
* Also, the preceding paragraph suggests that "be" is the only way to fill selbri places other than x1. This is not the case: "mi le zarci cu klama co sutra" would also work.
** I don't agree that there's any such suggestion, although adding a second possibility is fine with me. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 5|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 9 lists "kei" as the terminator for nu, but it's not only for nu, but for all of NU.
|-
| chapter 5|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 12 the text says examples 121 and 122 "use {ke} grouping and {bo} grouping respectively", but it isn't true. Example 121 uses only implicit tanru grouping, while 122 in fact uses {ke} grouping. Also, the text says they are equivalent in meaning, but they aren't (in the first one, {cadzu} groups with {masno}). Perhaps it's missing a {bo}? The translations of examples 121-126 are all affected by this false claim of equivalence.
** "normal grouping" ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2''
|-
| chapter 5|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, last example says that {broda be fi ko'i ko'e} has {ko'e} in the x4 place because {be fi} moves the counter to 3. jbofi'e disagrees, but this may not be a CLL errata -- I haven't checked the linkargs section yet to see if it is consistent.
|-
| chapter 5|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 14, page 104 says "dadylsi" for "dadysli".
|-
| chapter 5|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 14, page 105 uses "zdani lijgri" in the example list, but the paragraph after, as well as the next list, refer to "zdani linji" and "linji zdani".
|-
| chapter 5|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 14, page 105 has the lujvo "cpumi'i" but defines it at the bottom of the set as "cpami'i".
** cuami'i s pull-machine, so using that
|-
| chapter 5|| - || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 106 says "plise tapla" for "apple cake". Does Turkish really refer to a cake as a tile, or is this a misunderstanding of the definition of "tapla"?
** No, it's that {tapla} can mean both cake and tile, as the gismu list shows; it's a generic word for a flat 3-D shape, or short cylinder. Stet. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 5|| - || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 108 says "tumla spisa". This should probably be "tumla pagbu", since pieces of land are not actually detached.
** What makes you think that spisa have to be detached? Stet. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 5|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 14, page 109 says "rostu mojysu'a". "rostu" is not a Lojban gismu, nor an Old Loglan primitive. It's supposed to be "mrostu".
** "Mrostu" is correct, and that's the reading of the online version. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 5|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 14, "nunkilbra" is clearly not "sharpener", and even if it was using the right rafsi for cabra, that strikes me as a pretty crappy lujvo; needs zenba or zmadu or binxo or something.
** {{jvs|nunkilca'a}} ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2''
|-
| chapter 5|| - || - || - ||
* Section 14, page 112 lists numerous tanru examples whose meanings are hypernyms of the tertau instead of hyponyms. This contradicts the primariness of the tertau as defined on page 84. The word "ja" should probably be inserted between the constituents, or the entire section should be removed.
** Stet. Lions can't be made of stone, but {rokci cinfo} is a legitimate tanru nonetheless. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 6|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* End of section 2, it says "compound negator ``naku'' (discussed in Chapter 15)", but "naku" is never mentioned in chapter 15; indeed, the only uses of the word {ku} at all are after the words {ji'u} or {na'i}. Chapter 16 talks about {naku}.''
** ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| chapter 6|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 12, p. 138 claims that the sumti in examples 12.2 and 12.3 operate like examples 2.5 and 3.6 respectively. "2.6 and 3.6" is almost surely what was meant.
|-
| chapter 6|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* In section 11 Example 11.2 occurs twice.
|-
| chapter 6|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2 has examples 2.3 and 2.5 to show the difference between {lo} and {le}. Example 2.5 and the subsequent text say that {lo nanmu cu ninmu} is necessarily false in lojban since {noda nanmu gi'e ninmu}. This contributes to trans-erasure, and should be revised.
|-
| chapter 6|| - || - || - ||
* In section 5 between examples 5.2 and 5.3, it says that the typical lion best exemplifies the set of lions. This is false, it exemplifies not the set, but the members of that set.
|-
| chapter 6|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* In section 14, example 1.93, the quote delimiter {kuot} needs a preceding pause.
|-
| chapter 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5. http://lojban.github.io/cll/7/6/index.html. 6.14 is usage with outer repeating. It would seem that was a mistake. Looking at that, it seems like the author expects {nei} to repeat the entire outermost bridi, and expects {no'a} to repeat the outer bridi alone, somehow without the current innermost bridi. Or something. Definitely seems mistaken to me. so with zo'e in place of the abstraction clause. In this case, maybe with {zi'o}, actually. That would be useful but it would be nice if that had been explicit.
|-
| chapter 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 6, page 155 has a note below example 6.13 that says, in part: "The Lojban does not contain an equivalent of the "my" in colloquial English;" and then goes on to explain how example 6.13 could be modified to include the relationship between the speaker and their son and daughter. I believe you could say "le mi bersa" or "le bersa pe mi" to express the English "my," therefor removing the (presumably inaccurate) note and making the Lojban translation more accurate.
** Sure you could, but the point of the note (which is ''not'' inaccurate) is not teaching how to use relative clauses, but to clarify that the idiomatic English version contains more information than the Lojban version does. Stet.
|-
| chapter 7|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 6, page 156 has ''karca'' for ''karce''.
|-
| chapter 7|| - || - || - ||
<pre>
Example 7.39.
A: mi ba klama le zarci
A: I [future] go-to the store.
A: I am going to the store.
B: mi nelci le si'o mi go'i
B: I like the concept-of I [repeat-last-bridi].
B: I like the idea of my going.
A: do go'e
A: You [repeat-last-bridi-but-one].
A: You'll go, too.
...
Example 7.45.
mi ba lumci le mi karce
I will wash my car.
you might reply either:
Example 7.46.
mi go'i
I will wash your car.
or:
Example 7.47.
mi go'i ra'o
I will wash my car.
The ra'o forces the second mi from the original bridi to mean the new speaker rather than the former speaker. This means that go'e ra'o would be an acceptable alternative to do go'e in B's statement in Example 7.39.
</pre>
* After example 6.18 is a paragraph that quotes non-existent text from example 6.10. "go'e ra'o" should read "go'i ra'o" and "do go'e" should read "mi go'i"
** The correct correction is to replace "B's statement" with "A's second statement". [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
*** Not really. "go'e ra'o" in A's second statement would mean the same as "go'e", which is wrong. The original correction is valid though.
|-
| chapter 7|| - || - || - ||
*Section 6, the exceptions to the anaphora rules are almost certainly incomplete. In particular "ma" and "ce'u" definitely warrant exceptions.
|-
| chapter 7|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 7, example 7.7 has "mi zbasu loi mudri zi'o" for "mi zbasu le dinju zi'o"
|-
| chapter 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 8, p. 158 implies that ''vo'a''-series anaphora refer to sumti of the bridi they themselves are sumti of. This contradicts the cmavo list, and is incorrect: ''vo'a''-series anaphora (according to the ma'oste) refer to sumti of the outermost bridi within the current sentence. This makes them logophors/long distance reflexives, rather than short-distance reflexives, as is normal in human language. Thus, in ''mi nelci lenu do prami vo'a'', ''vo'a''means ''mi'', not ''do''.
**'''-->'''[[Why the Book is Right and the ma'oste is Wrong|Why the Book is Right and the ma'oste is Wrong]]
***Which of the two cases is normal in human language? If you'd written it in Lojban, I'd know!
**** I'd guess that short-distance is normal, b/c otherwise it would not be worth comparing the two. But of course in lojban we wouldn't have to glork that.
***** Short-distance is indeed normal, but Lojbanists have consistently used long-distance. Nick wrote a peer-reviewed paper on this. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 7|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Example 7.8.5 (p159): bajra on third line should be bajykla, like the others.
|-
| chapter 7|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 8, it says "Example 9.3 is a truly pregnant question..." when example 9.2 is the pregnant question, and example 9.3 is a better way of expressing "Who are you?"
|-
| chapter 7|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, it says "Finally, lujvo involving ``zi'o'' are also possible, and are fully discussed in Chapter 12", but nowhere does Chapter 12 mention the word {zi'o}, much less lujvo involving it. This is probably a Chapter 12 erratum.''
|-
| chapter 8|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* In Section 3 the example 3.20 should have {xance} instead of {xanci}, which is definitely a typo. --idontknw
|-
| chapter 8|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || - ||
* Section 8, p. 181: 8.1) ''li pai noi na'e frinu namcu''should be ''li pai noi na'e frinu cu namcu''.
** looks fine. **na'e frinu namcu** forms a tanru.
|-
| chapter 8|| - || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 8, Example 8.6, the third line, "I runningly-go to-this [[reciprocity|reciprocity]] [[x3 of this bridi|x3 of this bridi]] from-that", is not the usual decent English one would expect in that position; replaced with "I run to this from that and vice versa." is dag-cll ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
|-
| chapter 8|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 9, example 9.2 is ''co'o xirma''. Then, ''Note that Example 9.2 says farewell to something which doesn’t really have to be a horse, something that the speaker simply thinks of as being a horse, or even might be something (a person, for example) who is named "Horse". In a sense, Example 9.2 is ambiguous between "co'o le xirma" and "co'o la xirma"''. Is this true?
** Yes, in the sense that all uses of "le" ''might'' mean "la". But it's probably more confusing than it's worth. Truncate after "thinks of as being a horse". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
*** Not sure that is right. I think too much focus in general has been given to {le}'s "non-veridicality", when it is merely more of an outgrowth of it being a deictic/phoric descriptor. In general, {le nanmu} does refer to a {nanmu}, but sometimes it may not because the deictic/phoric needs supercede veridicality (If someone has been called "the man" but you want to assert that "he"'s actually a woman, well, you get the {le nanmu cu ninmu} example.) My point though, is that I'm not sure one can just say "{le} might actually mean {la}". Certainly it'd be unusual to say that a speaker thinks of someone named "Horse" as being a horse. -- [[User:Spheniscine]]
|-
| chapter 8|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 9 says ''In vocative phrases which are simple names (after the vocative words), any relative clauses must come just after the names''. This isn't true. Relative clauses can go between the vocative and the cmevla. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] Drop it; it reflects an earlier state of the language.
**[[la gleki]]:
*** will require changes in the following paragraph with selbri + relative clauses in vocatives.
|-
| chapter 8|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 10, example 10.3 uses "ke'a goi ko'e zo'u ko'a zbasu ke'a" but glosses it as "(IT = it2 : it1 built it2)". The assigned "ko'e" is not used as expected or described, and should probably be "ko'a zbasu ko'e". [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] Yes, "ko'a zbasu ko'e" is clearly what's meant. ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
|-
| chapter 9|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 6, place structure of ''pilno'' is missing "for purpose x3".
|-
| chapter 9|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 8, the examples 8.5 and 8.6 are supposed to mean the same thing, but do not.
** Please elaborate. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
*** 8.5 means "I gave the book to John, because John gave the money to me" but 8.6 means "John gave the money to me because I gave the book to John."
** ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 9|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 11, description of the meaning of ".ije seri'a tu'e" contradicts the explanation of Example 9.9, which would suggest ".ije ri'a tu'e".
|-
| chapter 9|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* section 17, "pertained to by concerning" should be separated, with "concerning" should be in the last column of the table
|-
| chapter 9|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* section 17 "from source as an origin of" should be two entries; "from source" and "as an origin of" ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL???''
|-
| chapter 10|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Sections 4, 18: missing "cu" in examples 4.8, 18.3, 18.6* Section 18, examples 18.3 and 18.6 are missing a cu/ku, so the examples have no main selbri.
|-
| chapter 10|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 4, "when both spatial and temporal tense cmavo are given in a single tense construct, the temporal tense is expressed first" disagrees with the rule simple-tense-modal-972 in the BNF grammar.
|-
| chapter 10|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 9, example 9.9 on page 227 has "cirli" for "cirla".
|-
| chapter 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, the explanation of the meaning of the second "pu" in example 12.2 conflicts with the rule in section 13 that tenses in subordinate bridi are relative to the tense of the main bridi.
|-
| chapter 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12, example 12.6 translates morsi as "die" rather than "am dead" in the translation (as opposed to the gloss).
|-
| chapter 10|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 16, at the end, the X and Y in the 3 forms don't fit properly (the 3rd doesn't match the first two). I recommend, copying from Section 23 (where they are written again correctly):
<pre>
X .i TENSE bo Y
TENSE gi X gi Y
Y TENSE le nu X
</pre>
|-
| chapter 10|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 17, example 17.12 should not have the second "bevri".
|-
| chapter 10|| - || - || - ||
* Section 18, example 18.9 is supposed to show scalar negation of tenses not limited to PU and FAhA, but the example tense is ri'u (FAhA2).
|-
| chapter 10|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 19, example 19.10 should have "ba", not "pu", and "<nowiki>[future]</nowiki>", not "<nowiki>[past]</nowiki>".
|-
| chapter 10|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 21, example 21.1 doesn't seem to parallel the English gloss and translation: the Lojban version implies that "I throw the gun", and not "I fire the gun".
|-
| chapter 10|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 25, examples 25.1 and 25.2 have ''lu'a'' for ''la'u''.
|-
| chapter 10|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 25, this whole section is at odds with the formal grammar. It says: ''It is grammatical for a termset to be placed after a tense or modal tag rather than a sumti''. But that is in fact incorrect, it is not grammatical for a termset to be the argument of a tag.
** Unfortunately true. Termsets suck rocks, and some work will have to be done to make everything said about them consistent -- if it is even possible. Personally, I'd like to just burn them. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
|-
| chapter 10|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 27: MOhI see Section 28, not 27.
|-
| chapter 11|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 4: The use of ka in Example 4.4 (page 259) is erroneous; it should be du'u. --[[John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 11|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Last paragraph of section 7 references chapter 5 for a discussion of "lu'e". lu'e isn't mentioned in chapter 5. Probably chapter 6 is meant here.
** Yes, should be Section 5.10. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
*** [[la gleki]]:
**** should be Section 6.10 and is so in milestone 1.1.
|-
| chapter 11|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 9, page 266 has "sao'rdzifa'a" instead of "sa'ordzifa'a".
|-
| chapter 11|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* The same example (9.6) also has kuctra instead of kuctai
|-
| chapter 11|| - || - || - ||
* The book title in example 9.6 seems to be incorrect: "The Crucifixion of Jesus Considered As A Downhill Bicycle Race" is actually "[http://www.evergreenreview.com/102/fiction/duo.html The Crucifixion Considered As An Uphill Bicycle Race]."
** Unapproved
|-
| chapter 11|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 10: Paragraph above example 10.7 references "Chapter 11". That should read "Chapter 10".
|-
| chapter 11|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''NOT applicable to milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 12, page 269 has examples 13.1 and 13.2, those should be called 12.1 and 12.2.
** not applicable to milestone 1.1 that has another system of numeration and is fine in regards to this bug [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 04:36, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| chapter 12|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 2, page 275. The paragraph under Example 2.3 refers to it as Example 2.4 (2.4 doesn't even exist).
|-
| chapter 12|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 5, right after example 5.7. It says "a" instead of "an".
|-
| chapter 12|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 6, page 280. Example 6.6 should have a space between "la spat." and "noi".
|-
| chapter 12|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 7, page 282. Example 7.5 has "bansoi" instead of "balsoi".
|-
| chapter 12|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 11, page 285 has "xascakcurnu" instead of "xasycakcurnu".
|-
| chapter 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12 refers to "nunklama" as the same lujvo as "nunkla". Even if these are equivalent alternatives it would be less confusing to be consistent.
|-
| chapter 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 12 claims that -jax- is a rafsi for {jai}, but it isn't in http://www.lojban.org/publications/wordlists/rafsi.txt. Does {jai} have a rafsi or not?
** It should, but somehow it never got into the gismu list, and consequently not into the rafsi list either. Stet, and we'll add it to the gismu list. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
***[[la gleki]]:
****by a request from me Robin added it to la jbovlaste some years ago. But still gimste.txt lacks it.
|-
| chapter 12|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 12, right at the end, says that {fai} is explained in Chapter 11, but Chapter 11 makes no mention of {fai}. Only chapters 9 and 10 do.
** ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' (zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 14, example 14.2. Missing < /pre > tag, and missing < pre> tag following explanatory paragraph.
|-
| chapter 12|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 14, page 291. The paragraph under example 14.7 says "se xance mindu" instead of "se xance minde".
|-
| chapter 12|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 15, two paragraphs before example 15.7. It says "There are some comparative concepts which are in which the 'se zmadu' is difficult to specify." The "which are in which" seems grammatically incorrect.
** Drop "which are". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 12|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.1, the x4 of {zmadu} and {mleca} should be "by amount" or "by quantity", not "in quantity".
|-
| chapter 12|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 15, page 294, example 15.14. "la ainctain" needs a period before it because it starts with a vowel.
|-
| chapter 13|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Many incidents of not having periods in front of vowel-initial cmavo.
|-
| chapter 13|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* In section 2, p. 300 references to the examples for .ue and .uecu'i are flipped. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 13|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 3, page 303, example 3.9. "e'e" needs a period before it.
|-
| chapter 13|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 3: 3.13: ".ianai do pu pensi le nu tcica mi": {pensi} is malgli and tcica1 is not an agent
|-
| chapter 13|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 3, page 303, example 3.10. "tisna" needs to be replaced with "tisygau".
|-
| chapter 13|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 4, page 305. The scale with the gismu mnemonics is misaligned with the scale with the members of selma'o CAI. "sai" should be tabbed one place left, so that it aligns with tsali, &c.
|-
| chapter 13|| - || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 7, it says "It is not clear how much use logically connected abstractors will be: see Chapter 13." It should be "Chapter 15."
** ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| chapter 13|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 10, page 313. There is a missing space between "continue emotion" and "end emotion".
** milestone 1.1 looks fine.
|-
| chapter 13|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* <nowiki>Section 15. A sample dialogue 15.4) / [Comment] Pam says, [Please] Alice, [end-of-comment] / [Comment] Pam says, [end-of-comment] [Please] Alice,/</nowiki> [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 13|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.5 /xamgu/gleki/ ?
|-
| chapter 13|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.10) /fi'i ro zvati ko pinxe pa ckafi/fi'i ro zvati .i ko pinxe pa ckafi/
** No, this one is perfectly fine: "fi'i ro zvati" is a vocative phrase, which is a free modifier, meaning that it can occur almost anywhere. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
|-
| chapter 13|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.13) /fi'o selpleji mi/fi'o pleji mi/
** And "with payer" rather than "with payment"; ey's not paying with emself! -- camgusmis
|-
| chapter 13|| - || - || - ||
* ".ai mi benji do le ckana" with gloss "[intent] I transfer you to-the bed". I think benji               should be replaced with muvgau.
|-
| chapter 13|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.13. Wrong use of {selfu}. {bevri} would fit better.
|-
| chapter 13|| - || - || - ||
* "mi facki fi lemi mapku" is used repeatedly for "I found my hat". While this is not wrong, it's bad style and makes the gloss awkward in respect to the translation. Replacing "facki" with "zvafa'i" would remove the problem and make it more precise.
|-
| chapter 14|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 6, example 3: "Alices" should be "Alice" without -s.
|-
| chapter 14|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 8, right before example 8.9 is "producing example 8.10" which should in fact read "producing example 8.9".
|-
| chapter 14|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 9: between example 9.10 and 9.11, "identified" should read "identical"
|-
| chapter 14|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 11, example 4: The gloss seems to have a misplaced "[plus]".
** milestone 1.1 looks fine [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 04:50, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| chapter 14|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 11, right before section 12. It says "termsets...are explained in Chapter 12 and Chapter 16" but chapter 12 (which is on lujvo) makes absolutely no mention of termsets. Chapters 9 and 10 discuss termsets.
|-
| chapter 14|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 14, example 14.15 is not grammatical (according to jbofi'e and camxes) because it says "pe'e .e" when it should say "pe'e je".
|-
| chapter 14|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 14, example 14.16 mentions "sorme", which is probably Old Loglan, and should be replaced by "mensi".
|-
| chapter 14|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 14, "the stated gloss of TFTTas “only if” works naturally only when the right-hand bridi is true; if it is false, the left-hand bridi may be either true or false." changed to "the stated gloss of TFTTas “only if” works naturally only when the right-hand bridi is false; if it is true, the left-hand bridi may be either true or false."
|-
| chapter 14|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 15, example 15.8 is missing a dot after "la lojban".
|-
| chapter 14|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 15, right after 15.9, it says "example 14.17" where it should say "example 15.9" (14.17 does not exist).
|-
| chapter 14|| - || - || - ||
* Section 15, example 15.9 is not grammatical; it should be "la djan. fa'u la frank. cusku nu'i bau la lojban. pe'e fa'u bai la djordj.".
|-
| chapter 14|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 17, example 17.4 is wrong. The section explains that mekso operators can be logically connected using {gu'e ... gi ...}, but this example tries to connect them with {ge ... gi ...}. Replace {ge} with {gu'e} in the example to correct it.
|-
| chapter 14|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 19, example 19.4 is translated as "I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things is-at Jupiter or-else I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things isn't-at Jupiter" but really it's "I opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things is-at Jupiter or-else I '''do-not''' opine the fact-that a-mass-of living-things '''is-at''' Jupiter". So 19.4 is actually true, not false as it is claimed to be.
** Correct, so this example will need replacing. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
*** ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' by replacing '''cu''' with '''na'''. [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 00:31, 15 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| chapter 14|| - || - || - ||
* Also there isn't really a reason for it to say a mass of living things and not some individual living things.
** Stet. The author prefers it that way, thankyouverymuch. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]].
|-
| chapter 15|| - || - || - ||
* Section 2, missing < /pre > tag after example 2.8 and < pre> tag before example 2.9.
|-
| chapter 15|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 4, example 4.12 /nake/na'eke/
|-
| chapter 15|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 9, two paragraphs above example 9.4 the word "negativ" should be "negative".
|-
| chapter 15|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 9: Is there supposed to be any difference between ex. 9.5 and 9.6?
** That problem is only in the online version.
*** not in milestone 1.1 [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:09, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| chapter 15|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 10, three paragraphs after example 10.14, there's a semicolon which should be a comma after "(say, a spelling error)".
|-
| chapter 15|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 10, it says "'ji'una'iku' metalinguistically says that something is wrong with that assumption. (See Chapter 10.)". Shouldn't that be Chapter 9, modals?
** ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' (zort's fork at least) [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]].
|-
| chapter 15|| - || - || - ||
* change "A ``na'' before the selbri is always transformed into a ``naku'' at the left-hand end of the prenex, and vice versa." to: "A ``na'' before the selbri is always transformed into a ``naku'' at the right-hand end of the prenex, and vice versa."
|-
| chapter 16|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 5, example 5.5: English has "every Y" when it should read "every X"
|-
| chapter 16|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 6, example 6.6 has a missing "cu" before "viska".
|-
| chapter 16|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 8, the explanation of example 8.3 says "any entity which is one is also the other". That would be true if the example used {go}, but it uses {ganai}. 8.3 does not claim that if something walks across the field then it goes to the store. [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] Change it to use {go}. ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
** Same place: needs to bo {da go}, not {go da} And the gloss should be "For-every X: X is-a-goer-to the store if-and-only-if it is-a-walker-on the field." ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
|-
| chapter 16|| - || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 8, example 8.3. Either the {da} should come before the {ganai} (or, by the previous ^ erratum, {go}) and the gloss should be changed to only mention "X" once, or a {da} should be inserted before {cadzu}.
** ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' chose first option since it's terser (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| chapter 16|| - || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* This: "Adjacent negation boundaries in the prenex can be dropped," reads better as "Adjacent pairs of negation boundaries in the prenex can be dropped,"
** [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
*** The online version says "Adjacent double negation boundaries", but I'm okay with either "double" or "pairs of". --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 16|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 10, ex. 10.5 and 10.6 have a prenex, "naku zo'u", after an ijek. This is not allowed by the grammar. It could be fixed by removing the "zo'u" and using "naku" outside the prenex, although this is only explained in the following Section 11.
** This is a big problem, and I'm not sure what should be fixed. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
|-
| chapter 16|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 12, ex. 12.7 and 12.9 have missing "cu"s.
|-
| chapter 16|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 14, Example 14.1 has "blaci" (glass) not "blabi" (white) as per the English.
|-
| chapter 16|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* A few missing {ku'o}: ex 1.89, ex 1.92
** [[la gleki]]: ex.16.89, ex.16.92 plus ex.16.83.
|-
| chapter 17|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 5, after example 5.1, paragraph starting "However, " has incorrect font.
|-
| chapter 17|| - || - || - ||
* Section 5, in the second paragraph after example 5.1, says 'the lerfu word “ty” would represent not Latin “t” but Greek “tau”.' Shouldn't it be "ty."?
|-
| chapter 17|| - || - || - ||
* Section 9, page 421. lerfu strings are written without pauses or spaces, even though BY words have to end with a consonant.
** Stet. BY words do not end with a consonant, and a string of them can never be ambiguous, so pauses/spaces are not required. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 17|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 9, Example 9.4: shouldn't "symyjy" be "symydy" (lojban morphology)?
|-
| chapter 17|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 10. After Example 10.4.5, the reference to Example 10.4 should be instead to Example 10.4.5.
**In the current DAG-CLL, the examples numbering is sane, but after Example 10.3, the two references to Example 10.4 should be to Example 10.3.
|-
| chapter 17|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''Included in milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Right before section 12, there is a line break in the middle of the paragraph.
|-
| chapter 17|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* In section 13, the first paragraph states "Historically, these character sets have only covered the English alphabet and a few selected punctuation marks.", which is incorrect. There have been multitudes of character sets for writing systems other than the English alphabet.
** Change to something along the line of "Historically, each of these character sets has only covered a particular writing system."
|-
| chapter 17|| - || - || - ||
* Section 17, page 427. ".tvriydos. bu" begins with the consonant cluster, which isn't even permissible medially.
** change to tyvriydos
*** [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
**** Actually, it should be "tyvrdos. bu" --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]]
|-
| chapter 17|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* In the table in section 19, the lervla for over-dot (".garmoc. bu") and over-ring (".garjin. bu") should be updated to their post-Reallocation forms, ".gapmoc. bu" and ".gapyjin. bu".
|-
| chapter 17|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 19 has two columns run together in the row that says "Danish/Latin aetei .abu .ebu foi"
|-
| chapter 18|| - || - || - ||
* [https://lojban.github.io/cll/18/10/ ju'u] is in VUhU. It should be of the type PA. Notice how {pi} and {ni'u} and {ka'o} and {ci'i} and {fi'u} are all of type {pa}, so they can go in a numerical literal between digits. especially {ka'o}, which can separate the real part and imaginary part to make a complex literal, and similarly {su'o} and {su'e} can separate numbers to make intervals.
|-
| chapter 18|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 3, ex. 3.10, should translate as ".1012001".
|-
| chapter 18|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* In section 4 example 4.5 is linked instead of 4.7 - "Example 4.5 is not ``1 minus 2'', <nowiki>[.. ..]</nowiki>" where example 4.5 is just "te'o".
|-
| chapter 18|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 5, p437 ex5.9 gloss: our -> four
|-
| chapter 18|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 6, p438: j vu'u -> vu'u
|-
| chapter 18|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Start of section 11 should read there are five members of MOI (not four).
|-
| chapter 18|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* In section 11, ex 11.10 on va'e "sofi'upano" in the example is glossed as "8/10" instead of "9/10".
|-
| chapter 18|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* In section 11, "lei ratcu poi zvati le panka cu so'umei fo lo'i ratcu", but there is no 4th place of mei.
** Remove the "fo";
|-
| chapter 18|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Example 14.4 needs a sub-2 after both numbers.
|-
| chapter 18|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* In section 17, example 17.5, {gi} should be replaced by {gu'e}, because mekso operators are to be connected by guheks. This is essentially the same mistake as in example 14/17.4.
|-
| chapter 18|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* In section 17, the English translation for example 17.6 has the formula rendered wrong in the HTML version. The fraction bar should be added (it is invisble currently), and the words "then x =" should be vertically aligned to the fraction bar (they are currently aligned to the numerator).
|-
| chapter 18|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* In section 17, at the bottom of page 454, the quadratic formula should be described as a classic example of operator logical connection, not operand.
|-
| chapter 18|| - || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* In section 17, 17.7 (li no ga'o bi'o ke'i pa) is *not* equivalent to 17.9 (li pimu su'i ni'upimu bi'o ma'upimu). I (rlpowell) have replaced bi'o with "bi'o ke'i" in the latter. NOT APPROVED but ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
|-
| chapter 18|| - || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* In section 17, the Lojban of 17.8 (li pimu ga'o mi'i ke'i pimu) is not equivalent to 0.5 ± 0.5, regardless of how the latter is interpreted; I (rlpowell) have removed that English equivalency. NOT APPROVED but ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL''
|-
| chapter 18|| - || - || - ||
* Section 20, p458: -established -> established [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]]
**no longer approved by JCowan [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:14, 14 July 2017 (PDT)
|-
| chapter 18|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* Section 21 states that the rafsi of "frinu" may be used as rafsi for "fi'u"; however, "frinu" lost both of its short rafsi in the Reallocation, so this really isn't very useful. The table below lists "fi'u" as a rafsi usable for "fi'u", therefore of "frinu"; the gimste lists "fi'u" as a rafsi of "cfipu".
** This is a serious problem which needs some thought. There needs to be a rafsi for fi'u somehow. --[[User:John Cowan|John Cowan]] '''NOFIX'''
** simply use the long rafsi [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:49, 25 September 2015 (PDT)
|-
| chapter 18|| - || - || - ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Section 18.26 says that '''cu'o''' is a rafsi of '''cu'o''': "cu'o (borrowed from cunso...". This makes no sense since one rafsi can't belong to two words.
|-
| chapter 18|| - || - || - ||
* Section 21 "“se” can be used to convert an operator as if it were a selbri, so that its arguments are exchanged." is a false statement. {{jvs|se}} converts tanru-unit-2, not selbri. Anyway, just say "“se” is also used to exchange arguments of an operator". [[User:Gleki|mu'o mi'e La Gleki]] ([[User talk:Gleki|talk]]) 11:49, 25 September 2015 (PDT)
|-
| chapter 18|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 22 example 22.3, "mo'e voboi renomei su'i ze", does not parse.
** It needs "vei" in front to be a quantifier (an operand by itself is not a permitted fragment). Also, the following text mentions "te'u" but the example omits it.
*** None of those examples parse without {li}, which I have added to all. Replaced the one in question with "li mo'e voboi renomei te'u su'i ze"
|-
| chapter 18|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 25. The rafsi for "so'e", -sop-, is missing, the rafsi for the following four words are listed under the wrong word. That is, -sor- is actually the rafsi for "so'i", and -daz- is the rafsi for "da'a".
|-
| chapter 18|| - || - || - ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Sections 25, 26. Cmavo are now shown in tables and now it's not obvious that the second column are rafsi.
|-
| chapter 18|| - || - || ''PROPOSED for milestone 1.2'' ||
* [[la gleki]]:
** Section 26. The tables are broken.
|-
| chapter 19|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 4, p467 ex4.3: zu'o -> zo'u
|-
| chapter 19|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 6, page 472. Example 6.6 ends with "klama", but for the argument to make sense, it has to say "nunkla".
|-
| chapter 19|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section 7, Example 7.1 has as the English: "I go-to (firstly) the store and (secondly) the market." "the market" should be "the house".
|-
| chapter 19|| - || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Example 11.8, there's a denpabu after {za'e} and no denpabu after {albeinias}.
** ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' (zort's fork at least) but needs approval
|-
| chapter 19|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 11, the paragraph after example 11.8 says "ctiipyris" but it should be "ckiipyris".
|-
| chapter 19|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* Section 13, "and the undefined fu'ivla “speranto”." Replace "fu'ivla" with "lujvo".
|-
| chapter 20|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section LE, page 498. In "le gerku klama le zdani", "cu" is missing.
|-
| chapter 20|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section TUhE, page 505. In "xagmau zo'u tu'e ganai cidja gi cnino .i ganai vanju gi tolci'o tu'u", '''cnino''' should be replaced by '''citno'''. Also, a prenex can't have a selbri, so '''xagmau''' should be replaced by '''lo xagmau'''.
|-
| chapter 20|| [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* Section SE, page 504: missing "cu" after "zarci".
|-
| chapter 20|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* In the passages on VEI and VEhO, the "bo"s should be changed to "bi'e"s.
|-
| chapter 21|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule simple-tense-modal-972 is missing a "|" before the CUhE.
|-
| chapter 21|| - || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule simple-tense-modal-972 has an extra newline in the space/time subphrase.
|-
| chapter 21|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule selbri-1-131 is missing a "|" before the NA.
|-
| chapter 21|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] [[Approved Erratum|camgusmis: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN DAG-CLL'' || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule tanru-unit-2-152 is missing a "|" before the JAI.
** [[la camgusmis]]: bizarelly, the Word doc the book was printed from does not have this problem at all.
|-
| chapter 21|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule operator-1-371 is missing two "|".
|-
| chapter 21|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule mex-operator-374 is missing a "|" before the MAhO and another before the VUhU.
|-
| chapter 21|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || ''INCLUDED IN milestone 1.1'' || - ||
* In the BNF grammar, the rule operand-3-385 is missing a "|" before the NIhE.
|-
| chapter 21|| [[Approved Erratum|John Cowan: Approved]] || - || ''Proposed for milestone 1.2'' ||
* In the BNF grammar, in the rule time_1030, the "ZEhA <nowiki>[</nowiki>PU NAI <nowiki>]</nowiki>" should be enclosed in parentheses.
|}

la karda

2017-06-11T14:16:03Z

Cirko: bastygau lo cnino stakestceinje templeite (to .a'o na vamtu ri'a tu'a lo valsi toi)

{{Lojban StackExchange}}

== Preface ==

This is a distilled overview of the Lojban language.

Major concepts of the language are introduced by saying as much with as little as
possible.

That is to say:

* For each concept the most crucial aspects are presented
* However, some details may be glossed over or simplified
* Some details are only mentioned or explained by their mere appearance in example sentences. Look carefully!

''Finally, some aspects of Lojban are omitted entirely!''

However incomplete - the goal of the following is to present, in the most immediate and
expedient manner possible, a '''conceptualization''' of the language. Lojban is
characterized in many ways from being "logical" and "unambiguous" to "culturally
neutral". The characterization that this text aims to reveal is that Lojban is both
rational (it makes sense) and regular (it always works the same).

From this rationality and regularity comes a simplicity that makes Lojban easier to
learn than anyone really ever expects it to be at first.

'''Tip:'''

If you take the following passages at reading speed you will likely find
yourself lost in the forest very quickly. The slower you go, the better luck
you'll have at absorbing what it is trying to tell you.

In the end, if you're confused, use that as inspiration to dig deeper and you'll
be fine!

=== Special Thanks ===

A number of people have contributed to the creation of this document in various ways:

A general thanks goes to the entire IRC community, since it is the largest driver of
Lojban's on-going promotion and evolution.

Thanks goes to <code>la selpa'i ku</code> who's article on ZAhO was the inspiration for the section
on "Understanding Time" and has made a number of corrections to errors in this document
as well as helping along my own study of Lojban. And of course their many contributions
to the language itself.

Additional thanks to those who have contributed minor corrections:

la ilmen, la cirko, la kalmari, la gleki, la tsani, la lalxu

== Core Grammar ==

=== Parts of Language ===

In Language there are three major parts:

nouns: the things we talk about

verbs: tell us what the nouns do

sentences: says something using nouns and verbs

=== Types of Words ===

Lojban only has two kinds of words:

particles: short words that perform grammar functions

verbs: tell us what nouns do

=== What about Nouns? ===

What about nouns?!

Hold that thought.

=== Standard Form ===

Every sentence follows the form:

i x1 VERB x2 x3 xN

<code>i</code> separates multiple sentences. The first noun appears before the verb, additional nouns follow the verb.

=== Verbs Say What Nouns Do ===

Verbs tell us what the nouns do:

dunda: x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3

[donor] dunda [gift] [benefactor]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

=== Simple Pro-nouns ===

Some particles act like pro-nouns:

mi - me, the speaker

do - you, the listener

ti - this, something nearby

=== Verbs and Nouns ===

Nouns can be put in the places and the verb says what they do:

mi dunda ti do
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"I give this to you."

=== Rearranging Nouns ===

Putting the nouns into different places changes what they do:

do* dunda ti mi*
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"You give this to me."

=== Converting Verbs to Nouns ===

The particles <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code> convert verbs to nouns from the x1
role:

Pattern: lo VERB ku => NOUN from x1

dunda: x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3
▼
verb
┌─┴─┐
lo dunda ku <== [donor] dunda [gift] [benefactor]
─────┬───── ├──────┼──────┼────────┤
noun x1 verb x2 x3

<code>lo dunda ku</code> creates a noun-description which refers to "a donor"

mi dunda ti lo dunda ku
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"I gave this to a donor."

=== Complex Sentences ===

Using multiple verbs, complex sentences can be formed:

mlatu: x1 is a cat

pinxe: x1 drinks beverage x2

ladru: x1 is milk

lo mlatu ku pinxe lo ladru ku
[drinker] │ [beverage]
├──────────┼─────────┤
x1 verb x2

"A cat drinks some milk."

=== The Drama of Language ===

The previous example can be thought of as a kind of stage-play, directed by the Verb
and starring the Nouns.

Breakfast Time, a play by Pinxe!

The Verb Director tells us what Roles are available and What Happens:

Pinxe says, "x1 drinks beverage x2"

Story Outline: [drinker] pinxe [beverage]

SCRIPT:
1. A Drinker drinks!
2. A Beverage is imbibed!

CAST:
The lead Drinker : lo mlatu ku (mlatu's x1 - "a cat")
The supporting Beverage: lo ladru ku (ladru's x1 - "some milk")

STAGE:
lo mlatu ku pinxe lo ladru ku <= actors in the play
[drinker] │ [beverage] <= roles in the play
├──────────┼─────────┤
role1 director role2

"A cat drinks some milk."

=== Rearranging Verbs ===

The particles of the SE family rearrange verbs:

Pattern: SE VERB => VERB'

The roles of the x1 and xN nouns, what they do, is swapped in the new modified verb:

klama: x1 travels to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 in vehicle x5

| X1 | VERB | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 |
| traveler | klama | destination | origin | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x2 | destination | se klama | traveler | origin | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x3 | origin | te klama | destination | traveler | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x4 | route | ve klama | destination | origin | traveler | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x5 | vehicle | xe klama | destination | origin | route | traveler |

se klama: to destination x1, traveler x2 goes from origin x3 via route x4 in vehicle x5
and so on..

=== SE In Action ===

These SE modified verbs are useful both in making nouns and as the main verb of
sentences:

fraxu: x1 forgives x2 for x3

vecnu: x1 sells x2 to buyer x3 for price x4

dakfu: x1 is a knife

lo se fraxu ku te vecnu lo dakfu ku
[buyer] | [goods]
└────────────┴───────────┘
"The forgiven buys a knife."

friti: x1 offers x2 to x3

xamgu: x1 is beneficial to x2

ginka: x1 is an encampment of x2

lo se friti ku xamgu lo se ginka ku
[benefit] | [beneficiary]
└───────────┴───────────┘
"The offering is good for the campers."

=== FA Labels ===

The FA family of particles allows for breaking the default noun ordering of sentences
without modifying the verb:

Pattern: FA NOUN => NOUN'

fa : x1 Each particle from the FA family
fe : x2 simply specifies what the following
fi : x3 noun is doing in the sentence. In
fo : x4 other words which role from the verb
fu : x5 it fills.

This allows putting all of the nouns after the verb:

dunda fa mi ti do - "I donate this to you"

Or skip some places entirely:

mi dunda fi do - "I donate to you"

Counting resumes from any FA particle:

fe ti dunda fa mi do - "I donate this to you"
──┬── ──┬── ─┐
x2 x1 x3

=== Cmavo and Brivla ===

Lojban has names for the two kinds of words that make up its dictionary:

"cmavo" - mi, ti, do, lo, ku
- small word that performs a grammatical function
- categorized into families

"brivla" : dunda, klama, mlatu, ladru
- a word that produces a grammatical verb
- has a definition with 1 or more noun roles

=== Selbri Sumti and Bridi ===

It also has names for the different parts of speech that come to life in lojban sentences:

"selbri" - the verb phrases central to sentences and nouns

"sumti" - the noun phrases that take on semantic roles

"bridi" - the combination of a selbri and its sumti

LEGEND:
<> - selbri verb
[] - sumti noun
{} - bridi statement

Notice how selbri verb phrases appear throughout:

lo <se <jdice>> ku <nandu> lo <sonci> ku

Sumti nouns are placed around the root selbri:

[lo se jdice ku] nandu [lo sonci ku]

And the whole structure, a selbri with its sumti, is a bridi:

{lo se jdice ku nandu lo sonci ku}

=== Tanru ===

By combining multiple consecutive independent selbri, a <code>tanru</code> or
compound-selbri verb can be created:

mi <<djica> <citka>> lo <plise> ku
"I want-eat an apple."

Two brivla <code>cidja</code> and <code>dunda</code> come together below to create a
compound-selbri inside a sumti:

Simple Selbri
┌───┴───┐
lo <<cidja> <dunda>> ku <prami> lo <prenu> ku
└───────┬───────┘
Selbri Tanru

"The food-donor loves people."

But what is the definition of a composite-selbri or tanru?

Tanru are metaphorical, so their full meaning is ambiguous. However, basic structure of
the definition is that of the '''right most''' selbri component:

gleki : x1 is happy about x2

cadzu : x1 walks on surface x2

gleki cadzu : x1 happy-walks on surface x2

What does "happy-walk" really mean? Only the speaker knows for sure!

== Conversation ==

=== Proper Nouns ===

Proper nouns are created by using <code>la</code> instead of <code>lo</code>:

mi prami lo rozgu ku
── ──
"I love roses."

mi prami la rozgu ku
── ──
"I love Rose."

Names are sumti just like any other.

=== Introductions ===

Introducing one's own self is done with the cmavo <code>mi'e</code>:

Pattern: mi'e NAME

mi'e la rozgu ku
────
"I'm Rose."

=== Greetings ===

Greeting another person is done with the cmavo <code>coi</code>:

Pattern: coi SUMTI

coi la rozgu ku
───
"Hello, Rose."

coi lo tadni ku
───
"Hello, student"

coi do
───
"Hello, you."

Or just, "coi"

=== Farewells ===

Farewells are offered with the cmavo <code>co'o</code>:

Pattern: co'o SUMTI

co'o la rozgu ku
────
"Goodbye, Rose."

=== Requesting Attention ===

Requests for attention are made with the cmavo <code>ju'i</code>:

Pattern: ju'i SUMTI

ju'i la rozgu ku
───
"Hey, Rose."

If multiple listeners paying attention you can address them individually with
<code>doi</code>:

Pattern: doi SUMTI
doi la mirli ku ko mipri
───
"Keep it secret, Moose"

=== Yes No Questions ===

"Yes or No" questions can be asked by using the <code>xu</code> cmavo:

i xu do citka lo plise ku
──
"Did you eat an apple?"

Notice that even though the sentence is now a question rather than a statement the
overall structure hasn't changed.

The <code>xu</code> is placed after the sentence separator <code>i</code> so as to apply to the whole
sentence equally. By placing <code>xu</code> after a specific word emphasis can be placed on it:

i do citka lo xu plise ku
──
"Was it an apple you ate?""

=== Yes No Answers ===

"Yes" and "No" answers can be supplied with the following replies:

In the affirmative, "go'i" is used:
Q: xu do citka lo plise ku
A: go'i
───
The denial is supplied by: na go'i

=== Sumti Questions ===

Sumti specific questions can be asked by using the <code>ma</code> cmavo in place of the sumti in question.

do citka ma
──
"What did you eat?"

ma catra ma
── ──
"Who killed who?"

To answer sumti questions simply state what fills the missing place:

lo plise ku

Or restate the question with the places filled in:

do catra mi

=== Selbri Questions ===

Selbri specific questions can be asked by using the <code>mo</code> cmavo in place of the selbri in question.

mo fa mi do ti
──
"What are we doing with this?"

do mo
──
"You are/doing what?"

do mo fengu mi
──
"What kind of angry are you at me?"

=== Attitude Questions ===

A special kind of question using the cmavo <code>pei</code> asks the listener to share
their feelings or disposition about some topic:

i pei mi cliva
───
"How do you feel about me leaving?"

"pei" is another word which can direct its emphasis by way of right-attachment:

i mi jukpa lo jipci ku pei
───
"How do you feel that its chicken that I cook.

=== Attitude Cmavo ===

In addition to making an explicit statement about one's self, an answer to
<code>pei</code> can be given with cmavo from the UI Family of "attitudinals".

ui - "I'm happy"

a'o - "I hope"

i'e - "I approve"

There are many attitudinals and they all express, in one way or another some aspect of
the speaker's disposition about the speech the attitudinal is appears in.

i ui do prami mi
──
"You love me, and I'm happy about it."

i a'o do snada
───
"I'm hopeful you succeed."

Like many other cmavo, UI attitudinals give emphasis to the part of speech they attach
to:

do pinxe lo birje ku e'u
───
"I suggest beer to be what you drink."

=== Attitude Ranges ===

Attitudinals have an inherent "range" or "intensity spectrum" which can be altered from
the default.

Without any modifier you get the default attitude. However, <code>nai</code> and other
cmavo can affect the sense of the UI cmavo:

ui cai - "I'm happy as possible"
ui sai - "I'm very happy"
ui - "I'm happy"
ui ru'e - "I'm kinda/sorta happy"
ui cu'i - "I'm neutral in my happiness"
ui nai - "I'm unhappy"
ui nai sai - "I'm very unhappy"

and so on...

=== Evidential Cmavo ===

A sub-family of the attitudinals, the UI2 Evidentials, express an epistemological
claim. In other words, how the speaker came to know or state whatever it is they are
saying:

i ti'e do nelci mi
────
"I hear rumored that you like me."

i pe'i lo plise ku xamgu
────
"It is my opinion that apples are beneficial."

i za'a do mutce xagji
────
"I observe that you are very hungry."

i ba'a la rozgu ku zvati lo zdani ku
────
"I expect Rose is at the house."

=== Discursive Cmavo ===

Another sub-family of the attitudinals, the UI3 "discursives" express the point or
purpose of a part of or a whole statement.

i do citka lo titla ku po'o
────
"You only eat sweets."

i ji'a mi nitcu lo jdini ku
────
"Also, I need money."

i si'a mi terpa lo jukni ku
────
"Similarly, I'm afraid of spiders."

i ku'i lo jenmi ku daspo
────
"However, armys are destructive."

=== Humor ===

Having a sense of humor is key to any conversation:

Sarcasm:
i xo'o lo se platu ku banli
────
"Oh jeeze, great plan."

i xo'o nai lo skaci ku melbi
────────
"Seriously, that skirt is beautiful."

Levity:
i zo'o se ckaji do
────
"Ho! Typical you."

i zo'o nai mi nelci lo cutci
────
"I do like these shoes..."

Amusement:
i u'i xu do mulno
───
"Haha, are you done yet?"

i u'i nai xu do mulno
───────
"Yea.. are you done yet?"

=== Changing the Subject ===

If things get tense you can always change the subject with <code>ta'o</code>:

i ta'o do klama ma
────
"By the way, where are you going?"

You can also return to a previous topic by adding <code>nai</code>:

i ta'o nai mi'o casnu ma
────────
"Returning, what were we discussing?"

=== Requests and Commands ===

Ultimately if things go completely sour you may have to request your interlocutor to
leave:

i e'o do cliva
───
"Please, you leave."

Or if they have been particularly offensive you might demand it!

i ko cliva
──
"I implore you to leave."

Any command is possible by using "ko" in place of the normal "do".

== Sumti Manipulation ==

=== Saying "and" and "or" ===

To make statements about different sumti at the same time the connective cmavo
<code>je</code> can be used:

Pattern: SUMTI je SUMTI => SUMTI'

i mi nelci [[lo plise ku] je [lo perli ku]]
──
"I like apples and pears."

Similarly, <code>ja</code> can be used for "or":

i ko cuxna [[lo dakfu ku] ja [lo mruli ku]]
──
"Pick the knife or the spear"

=== Grouping ===

To group multiple sumti together to say that they do something together,
<code>jo'u</code> can be used:

Pattern: SUMTI jo'u SUMTI => SUMTI'

i [[mi] jo'u [do]] bevri lo pipno
────
"You and I carry the piano"

i mi se catra [[lo fagri ku] jo'u [lo bisli ku]]
────
"I was killed by fire and ice."

=== Ownership ===

To associate one sumti with another by way of ownership the cmavo <code>po</code> is
used:

Pattern: SUMTI po SUMTI => SUMTI'

i [[lo karce ku] po [mi]] spofu
──
"My car is broken."

i ko cpacu [[lo ckiku ku] po [do]]
──
"Go get your keys."

=== Association ===

For a weaker association than ownership you can use <code>pe</code>:

Pattern: SUMTI pe SUMTI => SUMTI'

i mi vasxu [[lo vacri ku] pe [do]]
──
"I'm breathing your air."

i ko zutse [[lo stizu ku] pe [mi]]
──
"Sit in my chair."

=== Pluralities ===

To specify how many of a sumti there are, a number can be placed before the sumti:

Pattern: PA SUMTI => SUMTI'

Numbers:
no pa re ci vo mu xa ze bi so
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

i mi viska [mu [lo bakni ku]]
──
"I see 5 cows."

i mi se raktu [so so [lo nabmi ku]]
─────
"I am troubled by 99 problems."

=== Subjective Numbers ===

Other kinds of "subjective numbers" exist too which are pretty handy:

i xu do citka [du'e [lo plise ku]]
────
"Did you eat too many apples?"

so'u lo plise ku - "a few apples"
so'o lo plise ku - "several apples"
so'i lo plise ku - "many apples"
so'e lo plise ku - "most of the apples"
ro lo plise ku - "all the apples"
rau lo plise ku - "enough apples"
mo'a lo plise ku - "not enough apples"
da'a ci lo plise ku - "all but three apples"

== Selbri Manipulation ==

=== Negation and Affirmation ===

Most selbri manipulation is performed via prefix cmavo. For example negation is done
with <code>na</code>:

Pattern: NA SELBRI => SELBRI'

i mi <na <xagji>>
──
"I'm not hungry"

On the flip-side you can say something is certain:

i mi <ja'a <xagji>>
────
"I am definitely hungry"

=== Scaling Relevance ===

Other cmavo have related effects which specify how strongly the selbri is applied:

i mi <no'e <xagji>>
────
"I'm not really that hungry."

i mi <to'e <xagji>>
────
"I'm full!"

=== Saying "and" and "or" ===

Similarly to sumti, selbri can be joined with the very same connective words:

i mi <<tatpi> je <xagji>>
──
"I'm tired and hungry"

i mi'o e'u <<citka> ja <cliva>>.
──
"We should eat or leave."

=== Tense ===

While Lojban bridi don't have any implicit tense, selbri can be modified to have such
tense:

mi <pu <viska>> do
──
"I saw you."

mi <ca <viska>> do
──
"I see you."

mi <ba <viska>> do
──
"I will see you."

=== Temporal Distance ===

In addition to direction, temporal distance can also be provided:

mi <pu zi <viska>> do
──
"I just saw you!"

mi <pu za <viska>> do
──
"I saw you a while ago."

mi <pu zu <viska>> do
──
"It has been a long while since I've seen you."

=== Proximity ===

Selbri can also be modified in terms of spatial proximity:

mi <vi <viska>> do
──
"I saw you right here!"

mi <va <viska>> do
──
"I saw you nearby."

mi <vu <viska>> do
──
"I saw you elsewhere."

=== Preloading ===

Selbri can be "pre-injected" with a sumti, removing a sumti place from the definition,
with the <code>be</code> cmavo:

Pattern: SELBRI be SUMTI => SELBRI'

dunda : x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3
dunda be lo plise ku : x1 donates apples to beneficiary x2

By default <code>be</code> injects a sumti into the x2 place, but the FA family can be
used to specify which place should be filled:

vecnu be fi lo jecta ku : x1 sells x2 to the state

Multiple sumti places may be filled, separated by <code>bei</code>:

vecnu be lo xarci ku bei lo jecta ku : x1 sells weapons to the state

=== Preloaded Sumti ===

Note that <code>be</code> forms a new selbri even though it incorporates a sumti:

┌──────new selbri──────────┐
<<vecnu> be [lo xarci ku]> = x1 sells weapons to x2
│ │
base selbri injected sumti

This is a little strange when used as the main verb of a sentence:

(who) (sells guns) (the state)
ma <vecnu be lo xarci ku> lo jecta ku
[seller] │ [buyer]
└─────────────────┴─────────────────┘

<code>lo xarci ku</code> could just have been provided as x2 to a normal
<code>vecnu</code>. The <code>be</code> appears unnessecary. However, this is very
useful for creating interesting sumti!

┌───preloaded selbri─────┐
mi tavla [lo <<vecnu> be [lo xarci ku]> ku]
"I talk to the seller of weapons.

ko na lebna [lo <<sidbo> be fi [mi]> ku]
"Don't you take ideas of mine."

This is far more explicit than using <code>pe</code> or <code>po</code>.

== Subordination ==

=== Facts ===

Similar to the transformation of selbri into sumti the same can be done for whole bridi
into selbri with the help of <code>du'u</code> and <code>kei</code>:

Pattern: du'u BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The definition of such a selbri is something like:

x1 is the fact represented by the inner bridi

┌───fact selbri────┐
du'u do prami mi kei = x1 is the fact that: you love me
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

Adding <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code>, the selbri is transformed into a sumti
allowing one to talk about the fact inside:

[lo <du'u {do prami mi} kei> ku] = "the fact that you love me"

These nested fact sumti can be used as any other:

┌───fact selbri────┐
mi djuno [lo du'u do prami mi kei ku]
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

"I know that you love me."

=== Events ===

Where <code>du'u</code> gets at the truth of a matter, <code>nu</code> can emphasize
the time and location in which a bridi takes place:

Pattern: nu BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The definition of such a selbri is something like:

x1 is the event described by the inner Bridi

┌──fact selbri───┐
nu do speni mi kei = x1 is the event of: you are married to me
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

Just like with <code>du'u</code> these <code>nu</code> selbri can be turned into sumti
with <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code>:

[lo <nu {do speni mi} kei> ku] = "the event of our marriage"

And can be incorporated into larger sentences:

┌──fact selbri───┐
mi djica [lo nu do speni mi kei ku]
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

"I desire our marriage."

=== Properties ===

A third word, <code>ka</code> can also create a selbri from a bridi much like
<code>du'u</code> and <code>nu</code>:

Pattern: ka BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The bridi must contain at least one <code>ce'u</code> sumti:

┌───────property selbri────────┐
mi cnici [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└────────────┬────────────┘
inner bridi

The <code>ce'u</code> has no meaning of its own. The selbri that receives the property
specifies what it refers to. In this case, it is <code>cnici</code> taking the property
as its x2.

The definition of <code>cnici</code> is:

x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property x2

And so it is the x1, or <code>mi</code>, who is orderly in the eating of cookies.

mi cnici [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└───────┬────────┘
bound sumti

"I am orderly in the eating of cookies."

The <code>ce'u</code> can appear anywhere in the inner bridi:

do cinmo [lo ka la mam ku vajni ce'u kei ku]
└──────────────┬─────────────────┘
bound sumti

"You feel the emotion of Mother being important to you."

Some selbri words make comparative statements:

zmadu: x1 is more than x2 in property x3

do zmadu mi [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└────────────┬────────────┘
inner bridi

do citka lo titnanba ku "is more than" mi citka lo titnanba ku

"You are more than me in the eating of cookies."
"You eat more cookies than me."

Numerous property relations exist within the Lojban lexicon.

=== Relative Phrases ===

Additional information about a sumti can be provided by attaching a bridi to it with
<code>noi</code>:

Pattern: SUMTI noi BRIDI ku'o => SUMTI'

Similarly to the properties created with <code>ka</code>, <code>noi</code> bridi have a
stand-in word <code>ke'a</code>:

ko penmi la rozgu ku noi mi prami ke'a ku'o
└──────┬──────┘
inner bridi

Meet Rose, who I love.

The <code>noi</code> bridi is attached to <code>la rozgu ku</code> and so it is her to
whom <code>ke'a</code> refers to.

If the information is not merely incidental but nessecary to discern which thing is
being talking about <code>poi</code> can be used instead:

ko penmi lo bruna ku poi mi prami ke'a ku'o
└──────┬──────┘
inner bridi

Meet the brother I love (compared to whichever I don't.)

== Understanding Time ==

The basic tenses <code>pu</code>, <code>ca</code> and <code>ba</code> were covered
previously but there is a bit more to say about time.

=== Basic Tenses ===

The tense for stating something is currently happening is <code>ca</code>:

mi ca citka
──
"I am currently eating."

Another way of stating this (which will be helpful later) is:

"The present coincides with my eating."

citka
⇜┬──────────┼──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

How about the other tenses?

mi pu pensi
──
"I was thinking."

"The past coincides with my thinking."

pensi
⇜├──────────┬──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

do ba jimpe
──
"You will understand."

"The future coincides with your understanding."

jimpe
⇜┬──────────┬──────────┤⇝
Past Now Future

=== Event Contours ===

All events have a "temporal extent" or lifetime. It is often useful to describe the
various events "within" an event. The ZAhO family of tenses can be used for accessing
them:

╎ pu'o: before
pu'o ═══════════╣ ╠════════════ ba'o ╎ co'a: the outset
co'a de'a di'a co'u ╎ de'a: break
╎ di'a: resumption
└───────────┬─────────────┘ ╎ co'u: finish
co'i ╎ ba'o: after
╎ co'i: for the duration

Like basic tenses, they modify a selbri to create a new one:

Pattern: ZAhO SELBRI => SELBRI

mi <co'a <citka>> lo plise ku
────
"I'm starting to eat an apple."

mi pacna lo nu <co'u <carvi>> kei ku
────
"I wish for it to finish raining."

ko <de'a <tadni>>
────
"Take a break from studying."

mi <pu'o <sipna>>
────
"Its before my bedtime."

mi <ba'o <prami>> do
────
"My loving you has passed.""

=== Tensed Contours ===

If no basic tense is provided, <code>ca</code> or present-tense is assumed:

mi <ca <co'a <citka>> lo plise ku
── ────
"I'm starting to eat an apple"
"The present coincides with the start of my apple eating."

citka
╠═══╣
┊
⇜┬──────────┼──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

But how do the ZAhO contours interact with different CA tenses?

mi <pu <pu'o <sipna>>>
── ────
"It was before my bedtime."
"The past coincides with the runup to my bedtime."

sipna
┊ ╠═══╣
┊
⇜┼──────────┬──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

mi <ba <ba'o <prami>>> do
── ────
"My loving you will have passed."
"The future coincides with the aftermath of our love."

sipna
╠═══╣ ┊
┊
⇜┬──────────┬──────────┼⇝
Past Now Future

== Prepositions ==

Additional sumti places can be added to a bridi by importing them with
<code>fi'o</code>:

Pattern: fi'o SELBRI SUMTI => SUMTI

The x1 place of the specified selbri is added to the bridi and filled with the
specified sumti:

┌────────fi'o clause───────┐
mi citka lo titnanba ku fi'o <jukpa> [la rozgu ku]
"I'm eating the cookies baked by Rose"

=== Stage Additions ===

This can be understood in terms of the stage-play metaphor used
before. <code>fi'o</code> terms act as assistant directors adding additional roles:

STAGE:
mi citka lo titnanba ku fi'o jukpa la rozgu ku <= actors in the play
[eater] │ [meal] │ [cook] <= roles in the play
├───────┼──────────┤ ├─────────────┤
role1 director role2 asst. director jukpa-role

=== SE Prepositions ===

Any selbri is compatible and that includes ones modified by SE:

lo cinfo ku kalte fi'o se pilno lo kanla ku
"The lion hunts with its eyes."

lo kalte ku cizda'u fi'o te jvinu lo se citka ku
"The hunter is a monster from the perspective of the meal."

=== Spatial Prepositions ===

Some useful selbri for prepositions stating where the bridi takes place:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
se zvati │ located at
se jibni │ located near
se nenri │ located in
te ragve │ across from
se gapru │ above
se cpana │ ontop of
se cnita │ underneath
se sruri │ surrounding

=== Temporal Prepositions ===

A few selbri useful for prepositions denoting when a bridi takes place:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
tcika │ at time
detri │ on date
balvi │ before
cabna │ during
purci │ after

=== Causal Prepositions ===

Some selbri useful for propositions explaining how a bridi came about:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
mukti │ motivated by
rinka │ caused by
krinu │ justified by
jalge │ with result

=== BAI Prepositions ===

A small number of cmavo in the BAI family can be used for specifying useful
prepositions as a shortcut:

Pattern: BAI SUMTI => SUMTI

Just like <code>fi'o</code> prepositions each cmavo from the BAI family encodes a
particular sumti place:

selbri │ BAI │ gloss
───────────┼────────┼──────────────────
mukti │ mu'i │ motivated by
rinka │ ri'a │ caused by
krinu │ ki'u │ justified by
jalge │ ja'e │ with result
vanbi │ va'o │ under conditions
gasnu │ gau │ performed by
tadji │ ta'i │ with approach
catni │ ca'i │ by authority
cusku │ cu'u │ said by
se pilno │ sepi'o │ using tool

These can result in slightly more terse prepositional clauses:

┌─────BAI clause─────┐
lo cinfo ku kalte sepi'o [lo kanla ku]
"The lion hunts with its eyes."

The Complete Lojban Language

2017-06-11T14:15:26Z

Cirko: bastygau lo cnino stakestceinje templeite (to .a'o na vamtu ri'a tu'a lo valsi toi)

{{Lojban StackExchange}}

{{se inspekte/en}}[[File:xuncku.png|thumb|la xunre cukta|link=]]
''The Complete Lojban Language'' (also referred to as ''The CLL'', ''The Red Book'', and ''The Refgram''), originally published in 1997, is a complete description of the artificial language Lojban. It serves as a reference grammar for the language, offering an overview of the language, as well as linguistic details on every aspect of the language. This book serves as the standard defining the language design.

Though this description may sound imposing, technical and formal, the book is written in a light, often humorous style that teaches the reader about the Lojban language, about logic, and about linguistics in general.

=Obtaining=
''The Logical Language Group, Inc.'' takes great pride in publishing '''The Complete Lojban Language''', by ''[[User:John Cowan|John Woldemar Cowan]]''.

This book has two editions. The latest edition is CLL v1.1, generated 2016-08-26; its ISBN-13 is <code>978-0966028324</code>. Revisions of this version are tracked by date of production; you can see details of each revision in [http://lojban.org/publications/cll/CHANGELOG the changelog]. It is available, in its entirety as published, in the following formats:

* [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0966028325/ As A Hardcover Book]; the default edition sold directly by Amazon is the one provided by the LLG. The book is in hard cover and includes a thorough index and glossary. We do not ship the book ourselves except in special cases; send email to [mailto:lojban@lojban.org lojban@lojban.org] if you have such a special case. PLEASE NOTE that we currently (Jun 2016) are selling it for $50 USD. If it's much more than that, that's not us.
* [http://lojban.org/publications/cll/cll_v1.1.epub CLL v1.1 EPUB] (the ebook format) and [http://lojban.org/publications/cll/cll_v1.1.mobi CLL v1.1 MOBI] (another ebook format, generated from the EPUB using Kindle's tools, so it should work on all Kindle devices)
* [http://lojban.org/publications/cll/cll_v1.1_book.pdf CLL v1.1 PDF] and [http://lojban.org/publications/cll/cll_v1.1_cover.pdf CLL v1.1 PDF Cover] ; these are the actual files we sent to the printer, so it's exactly what you get if you buy a copy
* In HTML in various chunks: [http://lojban.org/publications/cll/cll_v1.1_xhtml-no-chunks/ CLL v1.1 HTML One Big File], [http://lojban.org/publications/cll/cll_v1.1_xhtml-chapter-chunks/ CLL v1.1 HTML One File Per Chapter], [http://lojban.org/publications/cll/cll_v1.1_xhtml-section-chunks/ CLL v1.1 HTML One File Per Section]

The older edition, the original Red Book, has ISBN <code>0-9660283-0-9</code> and can be distinguished by the cover lettering being gold rather than white. It is available in the following formats:
*[[The Lojban Reference Grammar|An online draft version]]
*It used to be available for purchase on Amazon and from the LLG, but all copies have been sold. Send email to [mailto:lojban@lojban.org lojban@lojban.org] if you'd like to try to get a copy anyway.
*PLEASE NOTE that the most the LLG has *ever* sold *any* version of this book for is about $50 USD. If you see it offered for much more than that, it is *not* us, and we won't be getting any of that extra money (we've seen copies on sale on Amazon for up to $1,000 USD!).

=Ongoing Work=

The language design described by the first edition was declared frozen for a minimum 5 year period so that anyone who learned the language from this book could be assured that it wouldn't change unexpectedly. This period ended in 2002.

*A list of [[CLL, aka Reference Grammar, Errata]] is also available, most of which have been approved by the book's author.
*[[Suggestions for CLL, second edition]] (uncategorized suggestions for improvements or changes in the CLL)
*CLL dot side Errata, arising from [[The Case Against LA|The Case Against LA]].
*[[CLL PEG Errata]], for work pertaining to [[PEG|PEG]] requiring changes to the CLL.

=Further Description=

Lojban is a current version of ''Loglan'', the artificial language project described in the June 1960 [[Scientific American article]] of that name. "Loglan" was also referred to by name in Robert Heinlein's classic novel '''The Moon is a Harsh Mistress''', as well as in other novels.

Loglan/Lojban is a language designed for several purposes, including linguistics research (especially involving a proposed test of the Sapir/Whorf hypothesis), foreign language instruction, artificial intelligence research, machine translation and related human/computer interaction applications, and as a stimulating educational and entertaining mental exercise. A few people are interested in Lojban as a prospective international auxiliary language. An international community of aficionados has appeared, writing in and about the language, primarily on the Internet.

==Other names==
CLL is known jocularly as the [[Codex Woldemar|Codex Woldemar]], ''The Red Book'', ''Woldy Codex'', ''The Woldy'' and Lojbanically as '''la braxu'e''' (''Big Red Thing''), or '''le gencukta'''.

=General Information About The LLG=
The Logical Language Group, Inc. is a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) scientific- educational organization, and donations may be tax deductible within the U.S. We acknowledge all donations over $250 in accordance with IRS regulations, and other donations by request.

Please make your donations by sending a cheque to the address above, or by donating through PayPal to the LLG.

We can accept Internet advance orders via e-mail, but you must followup with verification via postal mail or telephone within 2 weeks. No C.O.D. orders. We require prepayment on purchase orders.

Queries should be addressed to the LLG Secretary at the above address or via email to [mailto:lojban@lojban.org lojban@lojban.org]

[[Category:tadni]]

The Complete Lojban Language

2017-06-11T14:14:05Z

Cirko: vimcu lo me la stakestceinje moi ku noi lo se sinxa be ke'a ba'o kibzva

la karda

2017-06-11T14:12:50Z

Cirko: vimcu lo me la stakestceinje moi ku noi lo se sinxa be ke'a ba'o kibzva

== Preface ==

This is a distilled overview of the Lojban language.

Major concepts of the language are introduced by saying as much with as little as
possible.

That is to say:

* For each concept the most crucial aspects are presented
* However, some details may be glossed over or simplified
* Some details are only mentioned or explained by their mere appearance in example sentences. Look carefully!

''Finally, some aspects of Lojban are omitted entirely!''

However incomplete - the goal of the following is to present, in the most immediate and
expedient manner possible, a '''conceptualization''' of the language. Lojban is
characterized in many ways from being "logical" and "unambiguous" to "culturally
neutral". The characterization that this text aims to reveal is that Lojban is both
rational (it makes sense) and regular (it always works the same).

From this rationality and regularity comes a simplicity that makes Lojban easier to
learn than anyone really ever expects it to be at first.

'''Tip:'''

If you take the following passages at reading speed you will likely find
yourself lost in the forest very quickly. The slower you go, the better luck
you'll have at absorbing what it is trying to tell you.

In the end, if you're confused, use that as inspiration to dig deeper and you'll
be fine!

=== Special Thanks ===

A number of people have contributed to the creation of this document in various ways:

A general thanks goes to the entire IRC community, since it is the largest driver of
Lojban's on-going promotion and evolution.

Thanks goes to <code>la selpa'i ku</code> who's article on ZAhO was the inspiration for the section
on "Understanding Time" and has made a number of corrections to errors in this document
as well as helping along my own study of Lojban. And of course their many contributions
to the language itself.

Additional thanks to those who have contributed minor corrections:

la ilmen, la cirko, la kalmari, la gleki, la tsani, la lalxu

== Core Grammar ==

=== Parts of Language ===

In Language there are three major parts:

nouns: the things we talk about

verbs: tell us what the nouns do

sentences: says something using nouns and verbs

=== Types of Words ===

Lojban only has two kinds of words:

particles: short words that perform grammar functions

verbs: tell us what nouns do

=== What about Nouns? ===

What about nouns?!

Hold that thought.

=== Standard Form ===

Every sentence follows the form:

i x1 VERB x2 x3 xN

<code>i</code> separates multiple sentences. The first noun appears before the verb, additional nouns follow the verb.

=== Verbs Say What Nouns Do ===

Verbs tell us what the nouns do:

dunda: x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3

[donor] dunda [gift] [benefactor]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

=== Simple Pro-nouns ===

Some particles act like pro-nouns:

mi - me, the speaker

do - you, the listener

ti - this, something nearby

=== Verbs and Nouns ===

Nouns can be put in the places and the verb says what they do:

mi dunda ti do
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"I give this to you."

=== Rearranging Nouns ===

Putting the nouns into different places changes what they do:

do* dunda ti mi*
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"You give this to me."

=== Converting Verbs to Nouns ===

The particles <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code> convert verbs to nouns from the x1
role:

Pattern: lo VERB ku => NOUN from x1

dunda: x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3
▼
verb
┌─┴─┐
lo dunda ku <== [donor] dunda [gift] [benefactor]
─────┬───── ├──────┼──────┼────────┤
noun x1 verb x2 x3

<code>lo dunda ku</code> creates a noun-description which refers to "a donor"

mi dunda ti lo dunda ku
[donor] │ [gift] [beneficiary]
├──────┼──────┼────────┤
x1 verb x2 x3

"I gave this to a donor."

=== Complex Sentences ===

Using multiple verbs, complex sentences can be formed:

mlatu: x1 is a cat

pinxe: x1 drinks beverage x2

ladru: x1 is milk

lo mlatu ku pinxe lo ladru ku
[drinker] │ [beverage]
├──────────┼─────────┤
x1 verb x2

"A cat drinks some milk."

=== The Drama of Language ===

The previous example can be thought of as a kind of stage-play, directed by the Verb
and starring the Nouns.

Breakfast Time, a play by Pinxe!

The Verb Director tells us what Roles are available and What Happens:

Pinxe says, "x1 drinks beverage x2"

Story Outline: [drinker] pinxe [beverage]

SCRIPT:
1. A Drinker drinks!
2. A Beverage is imbibed!

CAST:
The lead Drinker : lo mlatu ku (mlatu's x1 - "a cat")
The supporting Beverage: lo ladru ku (ladru's x1 - "some milk")

STAGE:
lo mlatu ku pinxe lo ladru ku <= actors in the play
[drinker] │ [beverage] <= roles in the play
├──────────┼─────────┤
role1 director role2

"A cat drinks some milk."

=== Rearranging Verbs ===

The particles of the SE family rearrange verbs:

Pattern: SE VERB => VERB'

The roles of the x1 and xN nouns, what they do, is swapped in the new modified verb:

klama: x1 travels to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 in vehicle x5

| X1 | VERB | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 |
| traveler | klama | destination | origin | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x2 | destination | se klama | traveler | origin | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x3 | origin | te klama | destination | traveler | route | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x4 | route | ve klama | destination | origin | traveler | vehicle |
x1◄ ►x5 | vehicle | xe klama | destination | origin | route | traveler |

se klama: to destination x1, traveler x2 goes from origin x3 via route x4 in vehicle x5
and so on..

=== SE In Action ===

These SE modified verbs are useful both in making nouns and as the main verb of
sentences:

fraxu: x1 forgives x2 for x3

vecnu: x1 sells x2 to buyer x3 for price x4

dakfu: x1 is a knife

lo se fraxu ku te vecnu lo dakfu ku
[buyer] | [goods]
└────────────┴───────────┘
"The forgiven buys a knife."

friti: x1 offers x2 to x3

xamgu: x1 is beneficial to x2

ginka: x1 is an encampment of x2

lo se friti ku xamgu lo se ginka ku
[benefit] | [beneficiary]
└───────────┴───────────┘
"The offering is good for the campers."

=== FA Labels ===

The FA family of particles allows for breaking the default noun ordering of sentences
without modifying the verb:

Pattern: FA NOUN => NOUN'

fa : x1 Each particle from the FA family
fe : x2 simply specifies what the following
fi : x3 noun is doing in the sentence. In
fo : x4 other words which role from the verb
fu : x5 it fills.

This allows putting all of the nouns after the verb:

dunda fa mi ti do - "I donate this to you"

Or skip some places entirely:

mi dunda fi do - "I donate to you"

Counting resumes from any FA particle:

fe ti dunda fa mi do - "I donate this to you"
──┬── ──┬── ─┐
x2 x1 x3

=== Cmavo and Brivla ===

Lojban has names for the two kinds of words that make up its dictionary:

"cmavo" - mi, ti, do, lo, ku
- small word that performs a grammatical function
- categorized into families

"brivla" : dunda, klama, mlatu, ladru
- a word that produces a grammatical verb
- has a definition with 1 or more noun roles

=== Selbri Sumti and Bridi ===

It also has names for the different parts of speech that come to life in lojban sentences:

"selbri" - the verb phrases central to sentences and nouns

"sumti" - the noun phrases that take on semantic roles

"bridi" - the combination of a selbri and its sumti

LEGEND:
<> - selbri verb
[] - sumti noun
{} - bridi statement

Notice how selbri verb phrases appear throughout:

lo <se <jdice>> ku <nandu> lo <sonci> ku

Sumti nouns are placed around the root selbri:

[lo se jdice ku] nandu [lo sonci ku]

And the whole structure, a selbri with its sumti, is a bridi:

{lo se jdice ku nandu lo sonci ku}

=== Tanru ===

By combining multiple consecutive independent selbri, a <code>tanru</code> or
compound-selbri verb can be created:

mi <<djica> <citka>> lo <plise> ku
"I want-eat an apple."

Two brivla <code>cidja</code> and <code>dunda</code> come together below to create a
compound-selbri inside a sumti:

Simple Selbri
┌───┴───┐
lo <<cidja> <dunda>> ku <prami> lo <prenu> ku
└───────┬───────┘
Selbri Tanru

"The food-donor loves people."

But what is the definition of a composite-selbri or tanru?

Tanru are metaphorical, so their full meaning is ambiguous. However, basic structure of
the definition is that of the '''right most''' selbri component:

gleki : x1 is happy about x2

cadzu : x1 walks on surface x2

gleki cadzu : x1 happy-walks on surface x2

What does "happy-walk" really mean? Only the speaker knows for sure!

== Conversation ==

=== Proper Nouns ===

Proper nouns are created by using <code>la</code> instead of <code>lo</code>:

mi prami lo rozgu ku
── ──
"I love roses."

mi prami la rozgu ku
── ──
"I love Rose."

Names are sumti just like any other.

=== Introductions ===

Introducing one's own self is done with the cmavo <code>mi'e</code>:

Pattern: mi'e NAME

mi'e la rozgu ku
────
"I'm Rose."

=== Greetings ===

Greeting another person is done with the cmavo <code>coi</code>:

Pattern: coi SUMTI

coi la rozgu ku
───
"Hello, Rose."

coi lo tadni ku
───
"Hello, student"

coi do
───
"Hello, you."

Or just, "coi"

=== Farewells ===

Farewells are offered with the cmavo <code>co'o</code>:

Pattern: co'o SUMTI

co'o la rozgu ku
────
"Goodbye, Rose."

=== Requesting Attention ===

Requests for attention are made with the cmavo <code>ju'i</code>:

Pattern: ju'i SUMTI

ju'i la rozgu ku
───
"Hey, Rose."

If multiple listeners paying attention you can address them individually with
<code>doi</code>:

Pattern: doi SUMTI
doi la mirli ku ko mipri
───
"Keep it secret, Moose"

=== Yes No Questions ===

"Yes or No" questions can be asked by using the <code>xu</code> cmavo:

i xu do citka lo plise ku
──
"Did you eat an apple?"

Notice that even though the sentence is now a question rather than a statement the
overall structure hasn't changed.

The <code>xu</code> is placed after the sentence separator <code>i</code> so as to apply to the whole
sentence equally. By placing <code>xu</code> after a specific word emphasis can be placed on it:

i do citka lo xu plise ku
──
"Was it an apple you ate?""

=== Yes No Answers ===

"Yes" and "No" answers can be supplied with the following replies:

In the affirmative, "go'i" is used:
Q: xu do citka lo plise ku
A: go'i
───
The denial is supplied by: na go'i

=== Sumti Questions ===

Sumti specific questions can be asked by using the <code>ma</code> cmavo in place of the sumti in question.

do citka ma
──
"What did you eat?"

ma catra ma
── ──
"Who killed who?"

To answer sumti questions simply state what fills the missing place:

lo plise ku

Or restate the question with the places filled in:

do catra mi

=== Selbri Questions ===

Selbri specific questions can be asked by using the <code>mo</code> cmavo in place of the selbri in question.

mo fa mi do ti
──
"What are we doing with this?"

do mo
──
"You are/doing what?"

do mo fengu mi
──
"What kind of angry are you at me?"

=== Attitude Questions ===

A special kind of question using the cmavo <code>pei</code> asks the listener to share
their feelings or disposition about some topic:

i pei mi cliva
───
"How do you feel about me leaving?"

"pei" is another word which can direct its emphasis by way of right-attachment:

i mi jukpa lo jipci ku pei
───
"How do you feel that its chicken that I cook.

=== Attitude Cmavo ===

In addition to making an explicit statement about one's self, an answer to
<code>pei</code> can be given with cmavo from the UI Family of "attitudinals".

ui - "I'm happy"

a'o - "I hope"

i'e - "I approve"

There are many attitudinals and they all express, in one way or another some aspect of
the speaker's disposition about the speech the attitudinal is appears in.

i ui do prami mi
──
"You love me, and I'm happy about it."

i a'o do snada
───
"I'm hopeful you succeed."

Like many other cmavo, UI attitudinals give emphasis to the part of speech they attach
to:

do pinxe lo birje ku e'u
───
"I suggest beer to be what you drink."

=== Attitude Ranges ===

Attitudinals have an inherent "range" or "intensity spectrum" which can be altered from
the default.

Without any modifier you get the default attitude. However, <code>nai</code> and other
cmavo can affect the sense of the UI cmavo:

ui cai - "I'm happy as possible"
ui sai - "I'm very happy"
ui - "I'm happy"
ui ru'e - "I'm kinda/sorta happy"
ui cu'i - "I'm neutral in my happiness"
ui nai - "I'm unhappy"
ui nai sai - "I'm very unhappy"

and so on...

=== Evidential Cmavo ===

A sub-family of the attitudinals, the UI2 Evidentials, express an epistemological
claim. In other words, how the speaker came to know or state whatever it is they are
saying:

i ti'e do nelci mi
────
"I hear rumored that you like me."

i pe'i lo plise ku xamgu
────
"It is my opinion that apples are beneficial."

i za'a do mutce xagji
────
"I observe that you are very hungry."

i ba'a la rozgu ku zvati lo zdani ku
────
"I expect Rose is at the house."

=== Discursive Cmavo ===

Another sub-family of the attitudinals, the UI3 "discursives" express the point or
purpose of a part of or a whole statement.

i do citka lo titla ku po'o
────
"You only eat sweets."

i ji'a mi nitcu lo jdini ku
────
"Also, I need money."

i si'a mi terpa lo jukni ku
────
"Similarly, I'm afraid of spiders."

i ku'i lo jenmi ku daspo
────
"However, armys are destructive."

=== Humor ===

Having a sense of humor is key to any conversation:

Sarcasm:
i xo'o lo se platu ku banli
────
"Oh jeeze, great plan."

i xo'o nai lo skaci ku melbi
────────
"Seriously, that skirt is beautiful."

Levity:
i zo'o se ckaji do
────
"Ho! Typical you."

i zo'o nai mi nelci lo cutci
────
"I do like these shoes..."

Amusement:
i u'i xu do mulno
───
"Haha, are you done yet?"

i u'i nai xu do mulno
───────
"Yea.. are you done yet?"

=== Changing the Subject ===

If things get tense you can always change the subject with <code>ta'o</code>:

i ta'o do klama ma
────
"By the way, where are you going?"

You can also return to a previous topic by adding <code>nai</code>:

i ta'o nai mi'o casnu ma
────────
"Returning, what were we discussing?"

=== Requests and Commands ===

Ultimately if things go completely sour you may have to request your interlocutor to
leave:

i e'o do cliva
───
"Please, you leave."

Or if they have been particularly offensive you might demand it!

i ko cliva
──
"I implore you to leave."

Any command is possible by using "ko" in place of the normal "do".

== Sumti Manipulation ==

=== Saying "and" and "or" ===

To make statements about different sumti at the same time the connective cmavo
<code>je</code> can be used:

Pattern: SUMTI je SUMTI => SUMTI'

i mi nelci [[lo plise ku] je [lo perli ku]]
──
"I like apples and pears."

Similarly, <code>ja</code> can be used for "or":

i ko cuxna [[lo dakfu ku] ja [lo mruli ku]]
──
"Pick the knife or the spear"

=== Grouping ===

To group multiple sumti together to say that they do something together,
<code>jo'u</code> can be used:

Pattern: SUMTI jo'u SUMTI => SUMTI'

i [[mi] jo'u [do]] bevri lo pipno
────
"You and I carry the piano"

i mi se catra [[lo fagri ku] jo'u [lo bisli ku]]
────
"I was killed by fire and ice."

=== Ownership ===

To associate one sumti with another by way of ownership the cmavo <code>po</code> is
used:

Pattern: SUMTI po SUMTI => SUMTI'

i [[lo karce ku] po [mi]] spofu
──
"My car is broken."

i ko cpacu [[lo ckiku ku] po [do]]
──
"Go get your keys."

=== Association ===

For a weaker association than ownership you can use <code>pe</code>:

Pattern: SUMTI pe SUMTI => SUMTI'

i mi vasxu [[lo vacri ku] pe [do]]
──
"I'm breathing your air."

i ko zutse [[lo stizu ku] pe [mi]]
──
"Sit in my chair."

=== Pluralities ===

To specify how many of a sumti there are, a number can be placed before the sumti:

Pattern: PA SUMTI => SUMTI'

Numbers:
no pa re ci vo mu xa ze bi so
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

i mi viska [mu [lo bakni ku]]
──
"I see 5 cows."

i mi se raktu [so so [lo nabmi ku]]
─────
"I am troubled by 99 problems."

=== Subjective Numbers ===

Other kinds of "subjective numbers" exist too which are pretty handy:

i xu do citka [du'e [lo plise ku]]
────
"Did you eat too many apples?"

so'u lo plise ku - "a few apples"
so'o lo plise ku - "several apples"
so'i lo plise ku - "many apples"
so'e lo plise ku - "most of the apples"
ro lo plise ku - "all the apples"
rau lo plise ku - "enough apples"
mo'a lo plise ku - "not enough apples"
da'a ci lo plise ku - "all but three apples"

== Selbri Manipulation ==

=== Negation and Affirmation ===

Most selbri manipulation is performed via prefix cmavo. For example negation is done
with <code>na</code>:

Pattern: NA SELBRI => SELBRI'

i mi <na <xagji>>
──
"I'm not hungry"

On the flip-side you can say something is certain:

i mi <ja'a <xagji>>
────
"I am definitely hungry"

=== Scaling Relevance ===

Other cmavo have related effects which specify how strongly the selbri is applied:

i mi <no'e <xagji>>
────
"I'm not really that hungry."

i mi <to'e <xagji>>
────
"I'm full!"

=== Saying "and" and "or" ===

Similarly to sumti, selbri can be joined with the very same connective words:

i mi <<tatpi> je <xagji>>
──
"I'm tired and hungry"

i mi'o e'u <<citka> ja <cliva>>.
──
"We should eat or leave."

=== Tense ===

While Lojban bridi don't have any implicit tense, selbri can be modified to have such
tense:

mi <pu <viska>> do
──
"I saw you."

mi <ca <viska>> do
──
"I see you."

mi <ba <viska>> do
──
"I will see you."

=== Temporal Distance ===

In addition to direction, temporal distance can also be provided:

mi <pu zi <viska>> do
──
"I just saw you!"

mi <pu za <viska>> do
──
"I saw you a while ago."

mi <pu zu <viska>> do
──
"It has been a long while since I've seen you."

=== Proximity ===

Selbri can also be modified in terms of spatial proximity:

mi <vi <viska>> do
──
"I saw you right here!"

mi <va <viska>> do
──
"I saw you nearby."

mi <vu <viska>> do
──
"I saw you elsewhere."

=== Preloading ===

Selbri can be "pre-injected" with a sumti, removing a sumti place from the definition,
with the <code>be</code> cmavo:

Pattern: SELBRI be SUMTI => SELBRI'

dunda : x1 donates gift x2 to beneficiary x3
dunda be lo plise ku : x1 donates apples to beneficiary x2

By default <code>be</code> injects a sumti into the x2 place, but the FA family can be
used to specify which place should be filled:

vecnu be fi lo jecta ku : x1 sells x2 to the state

Multiple sumti places may be filled, separated by <code>bei</code>:

vecnu be lo xarci ku bei lo jecta ku : x1 sells weapons to the state

=== Preloaded Sumti ===

Note that <code>be</code> forms a new selbri even though it incorporates a sumti:

┌──────new selbri──────────┐
<<vecnu> be [lo xarci ku]> = x1 sells weapons to x2
│ │
base selbri injected sumti

This is a little strange when used as the main verb of a sentence:

(who) (sells guns) (the state)
ma <vecnu be lo xarci ku> lo jecta ku
[seller] │ [buyer]
└─────────────────┴─────────────────┘

<code>lo xarci ku</code> could just have been provided as x2 to a normal
<code>vecnu</code>. The <code>be</code> appears unnessecary. However, this is very
useful for creating interesting sumti!

┌───preloaded selbri─────┐
mi tavla [lo <<vecnu> be [lo xarci ku]> ku]
"I talk to the seller of weapons.

ko na lebna [lo <<sidbo> be fi [mi]> ku]
"Don't you take ideas of mine."

This is far more explicit than using <code>pe</code> or <code>po</code>.

== Subordination ==

=== Facts ===

Similar to the transformation of selbri into sumti the same can be done for whole bridi
into selbri with the help of <code>du'u</code> and <code>kei</code>:

Pattern: du'u BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The definition of such a selbri is something like:

x1 is the fact represented by the inner bridi

┌───fact selbri────┐
du'u do prami mi kei = x1 is the fact that: you love me
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

Adding <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code>, the selbri is transformed into a sumti
allowing one to talk about the fact inside:

[lo <du'u {do prami mi} kei> ku] = "the fact that you love me"

These nested fact sumti can be used as any other:

┌───fact selbri────┐
mi djuno [lo du'u do prami mi kei ku]
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

"I know that you love me."

=== Events ===

Where <code>du'u</code> gets at the truth of a matter, <code>nu</code> can emphasize
the time and location in which a bridi takes place:

Pattern: nu BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The definition of such a selbri is something like:

x1 is the event described by the inner Bridi

┌──fact selbri───┐
nu do speni mi kei = x1 is the event of: you are married to me
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

Just like with <code>du'u</code> these <code>nu</code> selbri can be turned into sumti
with <code>lo</code> and <code>ku</code>:

[lo <nu {do speni mi} kei> ku] = "the event of our marriage"

And can be incorporated into larger sentences:

┌──fact selbri───┐
mi djica [lo nu do speni mi kei ku]
└─────┬─────┘
inner bridi

"I desire our marriage."

=== Properties ===

A third word, <code>ka</code> can also create a selbri from a bridi much like
<code>du'u</code> and <code>nu</code>:

Pattern: ka BRIDI kei => SELBRI

The bridi must contain at least one <code>ce'u</code> sumti:

┌───────property selbri────────┐
mi cnici [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└────────────┬────────────┘
inner bridi

The <code>ce'u</code> has no meaning of its own. The selbri that receives the property
specifies what it refers to. In this case, it is <code>cnici</code> taking the property
as its x2.

The definition of <code>cnici</code> is:

x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property x2

And so it is the x1, or <code>mi</code>, who is orderly in the eating of cookies.

mi cnici [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└───────┬────────┘
bound sumti

"I am orderly in the eating of cookies."

The <code>ce'u</code> can appear anywhere in the inner bridi:

do cinmo [lo ka la mam ku vajni ce'u kei ku]
└──────────────┬─────────────────┘
bound sumti

"You feel the emotion of Mother being important to you."

Some selbri words make comparative statements:

zmadu: x1 is more than x2 in property x3

do zmadu mi [lo ka ce'u citka lo titnanba ku kei ku]
└────────────┬────────────┘
inner bridi

do citka lo titnanba ku "is more than" mi citka lo titnanba ku

"You are more than me in the eating of cookies."
"You eat more cookies than me."

Numerous property relations exist within the Lojban lexicon.

=== Relative Phrases ===

Additional information about a sumti can be provided by attaching a bridi to it with
<code>noi</code>:

Pattern: SUMTI noi BRIDI ku'o => SUMTI'

Similarly to the properties created with <code>ka</code>, <code>noi</code> bridi have a
stand-in word <code>ke'a</code>:

ko penmi la rozgu ku noi mi prami ke'a ku'o
└──────┬──────┘
inner bridi

Meet Rose, who I love.

The <code>noi</code> bridi is attached to <code>la rozgu ku</code> and so it is her to
whom <code>ke'a</code> refers to.

If the information is not merely incidental but nessecary to discern which thing is
being talking about <code>poi</code> can be used instead:

ko penmi lo bruna ku poi mi prami ke'a ku'o
└──────┬──────┘
inner bridi

Meet the brother I love (compared to whichever I don't.)

== Understanding Time ==

The basic tenses <code>pu</code>, <code>ca</code> and <code>ba</code> were covered
previously but there is a bit more to say about time.

=== Basic Tenses ===

The tense for stating something is currently happening is <code>ca</code>:

mi ca citka
──
"I am currently eating."

Another way of stating this (which will be helpful later) is:

"The present coincides with my eating."

citka
⇜┬──────────┼──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

How about the other tenses?

mi pu pensi
──
"I was thinking."

"The past coincides with my thinking."

pensi
⇜├──────────┬──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

do ba jimpe
──
"You will understand."

"The future coincides with your understanding."

jimpe
⇜┬──────────┬──────────┤⇝
Past Now Future

=== Event Contours ===

All events have a "temporal extent" or lifetime. It is often useful to describe the
various events "within" an event. The ZAhO family of tenses can be used for accessing
them:

╎ pu'o: before
pu'o ═══════════╣ ╠════════════ ba'o ╎ co'a: the outset
co'a de'a di'a co'u ╎ de'a: break
╎ di'a: resumption
└───────────┬─────────────┘ ╎ co'u: finish
co'i ╎ ba'o: after
╎ co'i: for the duration

Like basic tenses, they modify a selbri to create a new one:

Pattern: ZAhO SELBRI => SELBRI

mi <co'a <citka>> lo plise ku
────
"I'm starting to eat an apple."

mi pacna lo nu <co'u <carvi>> kei ku
────
"I wish for it to finish raining."

ko <de'a <tadni>>
────
"Take a break from studying."

mi <pu'o <sipna>>
────
"Its before my bedtime."

mi <ba'o <prami>> do
────
"My loving you has passed.""

=== Tensed Contours ===

If no basic tense is provided, <code>ca</code> or present-tense is assumed:

mi <ca <co'a <citka>> lo plise ku
── ────
"I'm starting to eat an apple"
"The present coincides with the start of my apple eating."

citka
╠═══╣
┊
⇜┬──────────┼──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

But how do the ZAhO contours interact with different CA tenses?

mi <pu <pu'o <sipna>>>
── ────
"It was before my bedtime."
"The past coincides with the runup to my bedtime."

sipna
┊ ╠═══╣
┊
⇜┼──────────┬──────────┬⇝
Past Now Future

mi <ba <ba'o <prami>>> do
── ────
"My loving you will have passed."
"The future coincides with the aftermath of our love."

sipna
╠═══╣ ┊
┊
⇜┬──────────┬──────────┼⇝
Past Now Future

== Prepositions ==

Additional sumti places can be added to a bridi by importing them with
<code>fi'o</code>:

Pattern: fi'o SELBRI SUMTI => SUMTI

The x1 place of the specified selbri is added to the bridi and filled with the
specified sumti:

┌────────fi'o clause───────┐
mi citka lo titnanba ku fi'o <jukpa> [la rozgu ku]
"I'm eating the cookies baked by Rose"

=== Stage Additions ===

This can be understood in terms of the stage-play metaphor used
before. <code>fi'o</code> terms act as assistant directors adding additional roles:

STAGE:
mi citka lo titnanba ku fi'o jukpa la rozgu ku <= actors in the play
[eater] │ [meal] │ [cook] <= roles in the play
├───────┼──────────┤ ├─────────────┤
role1 director role2 asst. director jukpa-role

=== SE Prepositions ===

Any selbri is compatible and that includes ones modified by SE:

lo cinfo ku kalte fi'o se pilno lo kanla ku
"The lion hunts with its eyes."

lo kalte ku cizda'u fi'o te jvinu lo se citka ku
"The hunter is a monster from the perspective of the meal."

=== Spatial Prepositions ===

Some useful selbri for prepositions stating where the bridi takes place:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
se zvati │ located at
se jibni │ located near
se nenri │ located in
te ragve │ across from
se gapru │ above
se cpana │ ontop of
se cnita │ underneath
se sruri │ surrounding

=== Temporal Prepositions ===

A few selbri useful for prepositions denoting when a bridi takes place:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
tcika │ at time
detri │ on date
balvi │ before
cabna │ during
purci │ after

=== Causal Prepositions ===

Some selbri useful for propositions explaining how a bridi came about:

selbri │ gloss
───────────┼──────────────
mukti │ motivated by
rinka │ caused by
krinu │ justified by
jalge │ with result

=== BAI Prepositions ===

A small number of cmavo in the BAI family can be used for specifying useful
prepositions as a shortcut:

Pattern: BAI SUMTI => SUMTI

Just like <code>fi'o</code> prepositions each cmavo from the BAI family encodes a
particular sumti place:

selbri │ BAI │ gloss
───────────┼────────┼──────────────────
mukti │ mu'i │ motivated by
rinka │ ri'a │ caused by
krinu │ ki'u │ justified by
jalge │ ja'e │ with result
vanbi │ va'o │ under conditions
gasnu │ gau │ performed by
tadji │ ta'i │ with approach
catni │ ca'i │ by authority
cusku │ cu'u │ said by
se pilno │ sepi'o │ using tool

These can result in slightly more terse prepositional clauses:

┌─────BAI clause─────┐
lo cinfo ku kalte sepi'o [lo kanla ku]
"The lion hunts with its eyes."

Lojban Wave Lessons/8

2017-03-12T06:02:03Z

Cirko: format

<noinclude>{{Wave}}

</noinclude>==Lesson 8: Terminator elision==

{{mu|je'u mi djica lo nu le merko poi tunba mi vau ku'o ku jimpe lo du'u mi na nelci lo nu ri darxi mi vau kei ku vau kei ku vau kei ku vau|I do wish the American, who is my sibling, would understand that I don't like that he hits me.}}

Regardless of whether the above sentence is being understood, (it shouldn't, as it contains words we have not covered in these lessons yet) one thing stands out: As more complex Lojban structures are learned, more and more of the sentences get filled with '''ku''', '''kei''', '''ku'o''' and other of those words which by themselves carry no meaning.

The function of all these words is to signal the end of a certain grammatical construct, like for instance ''convert selbri to sumti'' in the case of '''ku'''. The English word for this kind of word is ''terminator'', the Lojban word is '''famyma'o'''. They are underlined in the example above.

Note: The '''vau''' in the above example are the famyma'o for ''end bridi''. There is a good reason you have not yet seen it, stay tuned.

{{gl|vau|famyma'o: terminates bridi.}}

In most spoken and written Lojban, most famyma'o are skipped (elided). This greatly saves syllables in speech and space in writing, however, one must always be careful when eliding famyma'o. In the simple example '''lo merko ku klama''', removing the famyma'o '''ku''' would yield '''lo merko klama''', which is a single sumti made from the tanru '''merko klama'''. Thus, it means ''an American traveler'' instead of ''an American travels''. famyma'o elision can lead to very wrong results if done incorrectly, which is why you haven't learned about it until now.

The rule for when famyma'o can be elided is very simple, at least in theory: ''You can elide a famyma'o, if and only if doing so does not change the grammatical constructs in the sentence.'' In other words, a construct extends as far right as possible, until either its famyma'o or another word not allowed in the construct appears.

Most famyma'o can be safely elided at the end of the bridi. Exceptions are the obvious ones like ''end quote''-famyma'o and ''end bridi grouping''-famyma'o. This is why '''vau''' is almost never used – simply beginning a new bridi with '''.i''' will almost always terminate the preceding bridi anyway. It has one frequent use, however. Since attitudinals always apply to the preceding word, applying it to a famyma'o applies it to the entire construct which is terminated. Using '''vau''', one can then use attitudinals afterthought and apply them to the entire bridi:
{{mu|za'a do dunda lo zdani {ku} lo prenu {ku}... vau .i'e|I see that you give a home to a person... I approve!}}
{{gl|prenu|x1 is a person; x1 has a personality.}}

Knowing the basic rules for famyma'o elision, we can thus return to the original sentence and begin removing famyma'o:
{{mu|je'u mi djica lo nu le merko poi tunba mi vau ku'o ku jimpe lo du'u mi na nelci lo nu ri darxi mi vau kei ku vau kei ku vau kei ku vau}}
We can see that the first '''vau''' is grammatically unnecessary, because the next non-famyma'o-word is '''jimpe''', which is a selbri. Since there can only be one selbri per bridi, '''vau''' is not needed. Since '''jimpe''' as a selbri cannot be in the relative clause either (only one bridi in a clause, only one selbri in each bridi), we can elide '''ku'o'''. Likewise, '''jimpe''' cannot be a second selbri inside the construct '''le merko poi{...}''', so the '''ku''' is not needed either. Furthermore, all the famyma'o at the very end of the sentence can be elided too, since beginning a new bridi will terminate all of these constructs anyway.

We then end up with:
{{mu|je'u mi djica lo nu le merko poi tunba mi jimpe lo du'u mi na nelci lo nu ri darxi mi}}
with no famyma'o at all!

When eliding famyma'o, it is a good idea to be acquainted with '''cu'''. '''cu''' is one of those words which can make your (Lojbanic) life a lot easier. What it does is to separate any previous sumti from the selbri. One could say that it defines the next word to be a selbri, and terminates exactly as much as it needs to in order to do that.

{{gl|cu|elidable marker: separates selbri from preceding sumti, allows preceding famyma'o elision.}}
{{gl|prami|x1 loves x2}}

{{mu|lo su'u do cusku lo se du'u do prami mi vau kei ku vau kei ku se djica mi {{=}} lo su'u do cusku lo se du'u do prami mi cu se djica mi|That you say that you love me is desired by be {{=}} I wish you said you loved me.}}
Note: '''cu''' is not a famyma'o, because it is not tied to one specific construct. But it can be used to elide other famyma'o.

One of the greatest strengths of '''cu''' is that it quickly becomes easy to intuitively understand. By itself it means nothing, but it reveals the structure of Lojban expressions by identifying the core selbri. In the original example with the violent American brother, using '''cu''' before '''jimpe''' does not change the meaning of the sentence in any way, but might make it easier to read.

In the following couple of lessons, '''cu''' will be used when necessary, and all famyma'o elided if possible. The elided famyma'o will be encased in curly brackets, as shown below. Try to translate it!

'''.a'o do noi ke'a lojbo .o'a dai {ku'o} cu jimpe lo du'u lo famyma'o {ku} cu vajni {vau} {kei} {ku} {vau}'''

{{gl|vajni|x1 is important to x2 for reason x3}}
{{gl|jimpe|x1 understands that x2 (du'u-abstraction) is true about x3}}
{{gl|a'o|attitudinal: simple propositional emotion: Hope - despair}}
{{gl|o'a|attitudinal: simple propositional emotion: pride - modesty/humility - shame}}
{{gl|dai|attitudinal modifier: Empathy (subscribes attitudinal to someone else, unspecified)}}
What do I state?

Answer: ''I hope that you, a proud Lojbanist, understands that famyma'o are important''

Fun side note: Most people well-versed in famyma'o-elision do it so instinctively that they often must be reminded how important understanding famyma'o are to the understanding of Lojban. Therefore, each Tuesday have been designated ''Terminator Day'' or '''famyma'o djedi''' on the Lojban IRC chatroom. During Terminator Day, many people try (and often fail) to remember writing out all famyma'o with some very verbose conversations as a result.<noinclude>

{{Wave}}[[Category:Lojban Wave Lessons]]</noinclude>

BPFK Section: Nonce Connectives

2017-03-01T13:29:33Z

Cirko: /* cmavo: za'e (BAhE) */ formata cikre

{{BPFK Section from tiki|BPFK Section: Nonce Connectives|24}}
* Outstanding issues (to be fix in the mega-vote, if not sooner).
** The grizis example should be s/za'e la/la za'e/

== Proposed Definitions And Examples ==

{{BPFK Section box open}}
=== cmavo: ba'e (BAhE) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Emphasize next word. Forethought emphasis indicator. Indicates that next word is especially emphasized or emphatic. For grammatical purposes, "ba'e" marks the following word but does not change its nature. (The construct behaves just as the marked word by itself.) Multiple BAhE cmavo may be used in succession, and they combine to mark the next non-BAhE word.
See also za'e, .ui, [[Magic Words]].

==== See Also ====

==== Proposed Keywords ====
* emphasize next word
* emphasize next

==== Usage Examples ====
;le lisri cu ba'e pu zdile:The story WAS amusing.

;.oisai mi bilga le nu ba'e ca cliva:Dammit, I need to leave NOW.

The following examples are intended to illustrate interactions of ba'e with other words of special grammatical effect, and hence may be pathological.

;mi cusku ba'e si la'e di'u:I said emphasis, no, the referent of the previous thing I said.

;ko pensi me'o depsna bu .e me'o ba'e bu:Think about "hesitation sound", and the emphasis letter.

;lo nu ciksi lo ba'e zei se zei cinmo cu nandu:Explaning the emphasis-emotion is difficult.
{{BPFK Section box close}}

{{BPFK Section box open}}
=== cmavo: za'e (BAhE) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Nonce word follows. Forethought nonce-word indicator. Indicates that the next word is a nonce creation or is nonstandard in some way. For grammatical purposes, "za'e" marks the following word but does not change its nature. (The construct behaves just as the marked word by itself, though a marked brivla may have an unpredictable place structure.) Multiple BAhE cmavo may be used in succession, and they combine to mark the next non-BAhE word.
See also ba'e, .ui, [[Magic Words]].

==== See Also ====

==== Proposed Keywords ====
* nonce-word next
* nonce word follows

==== Usage Examples ====
;doi grizis mi tcidu za'e la ralcku:Grizis, I read what I'll call "The Book".

See also the examples for ba'e, which is grammatically identical to za'e.
{{BPFK Section box close}}

{{BPFK Section box open}}

=== cmavo: zei (ZEI) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Lujvo glue. Connects words into a lujvo. Joins preceding and following words into a lujvo. For grammatical purposes, "zei" binds with the preceding word and the following word. The combination is considered a single brivla (i.e. it is treated as just one word). In the case of an apparent conflict, the effects of this word (and all other words that change the grammatical effects of nearby words) should be read left to right. See also lujvo.

==== See Also ====

==== Proposed Keywords ====
* lujvo glue

==== Usage Examples ====
;pe'u ro do ko friti le se .uu zei cinmo:Please, all of you offer your sympathies. ''(Literally, "pity type of feeling".)''

;mi lojban zei ciska:I'm Lojbanically writing. ''(Literally, "Lojban type of writer".)''

The following examples are intended to illustrate interactions of zei with other words of special grammatical effect, and hence may be pathological.

;lu da zei fa'o li'u cu mutce cizra lujvo:"da type-of fa'o" is a very strange lujvo.

;mi ciska me'o .ui zei nai bu:I wrote a frowny face. ''(Literally "happy type-of not letter".)''

;lu zo bu zei sa si zo bu zei su li'u cu mupli:"bu type-of sa", I mean, "bu type-of su" is an example.

==== Issues ====
[http://groups.google.com/group/lojban/browse_thread/thread/d0c4703e985c8874 What does zei grab?]
{{BPFK Section box close}}

{{BPFK Section box open}}
=== cmavo: xi (XI) ===
==== Proposed Definition ====
Subscript. Subscript indicator. Attaches the following number or letteral string as a subscript. Can be used almost anywhere, but is mostly used on sumti and in mathematical expressions.

==== See Also ====

==== Proposed Keywords ====
* subscript
* subscript indicator

==== Usage Examples ====
;li xy. xi ci du li xy. xi pa su'i xy. xi re:x sub three = x sub one plus x sub two

;la'e di'u xi re cu xamgu se morji mi:The thing you mentioned two utterances ago is well remembered by me.
{{BPFK Section box close}}

== Notes ==

* A usage convention for superscript would be *lovely*, but no ideas are coming to mind.

* Despite xi causing bizarre interactions in mekso, I honestly can't think of anything interesting to say about it.

== Impact ==

* ba'e should be basically unchanged, except for clarification.

* zei structures are now a single word for purposes of following magic words.

* IMO, this is well worth having a defined precedence in all cases.

== Proposed New cmavo ==

* Another member of ZEI with reverse-order modified-modifier semantics.
** The shepherd doesn't consider this terribly important, but it certainly would help match the rest of the language, which is very configurable.
** "broda zei co zei brode" has been suggested for this usage. Should I write that up as a usage convention?

{{BPFK Section poll| {POLL(pollId=>15)}Nonce Connectives Poll{POLL} }}

Lojban Wave Lessons/14

2017-02-02T16:58:33Z

Cirko: agreement

<noinclude>{{Wave}}

</noinclude>==Lesson 14: Lojban sumti 1ː LE and LA==

If you have read and understood the content of all the lessons until now, you have amassed a large enough knowledge of Lojban so that it doesn't matter in which order you learn the rest. As a result, the order of the next lessons will be a mixture of sorted by increasing difficulty and sorted by importance in ordinary Lojban conversation.

One of the biggest constrains on your speak now is your limited knowledge on how to make sumti. So far, you only know '''ti''' and '''lo SELBRI''', which doesn't take you far considering how important sumti are in Lojban. This lesson as well as the following two will be about the Lojban sumti. For now, we focus on the descriptive-like sumti, the ones made with articles like '''lo'''

Articles are in lojban called '''gadri''', and all the ones discussed in this lesson are terminated by '''ku''', except the combination '''LA CMEVLA'''. We will begin by describing three simple kinds of descriptive sumti, and then immediately find that they are not so simple after all:

{{gl|lo|gadri: generic, converts selbri to sumti.}}
{{gl|le|gadri: specific and descriptive, converts selbri to sumti.}}
{{gl|la|gadri: naming article, convert selbri or cmevla to sumti.}}

You are already familiar with '''lo''' and what it does. '''lo''' creates a sumti referring to what fits in the first place of the following selbri.

This may be contrasted with '''le''', which is specific and descriptive. Saying '''le gerku''' says that you have one or more specific objects in mind, and you use the selbri '''gerku''' to describe it, so that the listener may identify those specific objects. This means that '''le''' has two important differences from '''lo''': Firstly, it cannot refer to objects in general, but always refers to specific objects. Secondly, '''le gerku''' explicitly hints that the selbri is only meant to help the speaker identify what the description refers to, whether or not it actually satisfies the selbri. Perhaps the speaker is referring to a hyena, but is not familiar with them and thinks ''dog'' is a good enough approximation to be understood; however, this non-veridicality is perhaps over-emphasized in many texts. The best way to describe a dog is usually to describe it as being a dog, and unless there is a good reason not to, '''le gerku''' is usually presumed to refer to something which is also '''lo gerku'''.

In translation, '''lo gerku''' can be any of ''the dog'', ''the dogs'', ''a dog'', ''some dogs'', or ''dogs in general'', while '''le gerku''' is ''the dog'' or ''the dogs''. Even better for '''le gerku''' would be ''the ''dog(s)'' ''

Last of the three basic '''gadri''', there is '''la''', the naming '''gadri''', which strips the following selbri of its usual meaning and refers to someone or something whose name is that selbri. If I in English refer to a person called Innocent by her name, I neither describe her as being innocent, nor do I state that she is. I only state that by convention, that object is referred to by that selbri or cmevla. Note that '''la''' and the gadri derived from it can convert cmevla to sumti unlike any other '''gadri'''. Also: Be cautious: Other texts do not mention that names can be formed from ordinary selbri using the gadri '''la'''. But those heretics must burn; selbri names are as good as they get, and many a proud Lojbanist have them.

'''la''' is a bit eccentric, since it always marks the beginning of a name. Unlike the other gadri, anything that can be grammatically placed after '''la''' and its sisters are considered part of the name. For example, '''le mi gerku''' is "my dog", but '''la mi gerku''' is someone or something called "My Dog".

These three basic '''gadri''' can be expanded with three more, which correspond to the previous:

{{gl|loi|gadri: generic, mass of individuals}}
{{gl|lei|gadri: specific and descriptive, mass of individuals}}
{{gl|lai|gadri: mass of named individuals}}

These are the same as the first three articles in all aspects except for one: they wrap the sumti into masses. Masses are used to abstract multiple individuals into single entities for ease of expression. For example, a football team can be described as a mass of its members, or an animal as a mass of cells.

{{gl|mivysle|x1 is a biological cell of organism x2}}
{{gl|remna|x1 is a human}}

'''loi mivysle cu remna''' - "Masses of cells are humans". Again, none of the cells are humans. Indeed, the cells have very few human traits, but the cells considered as a whole makes up a human. This example also shows that the selbri following '''loi''' must be satisfied by the members of the mass, but not by the mass itself: a human isn't a cell either.

A mass made with '''lei''', such as '''lei gerku''', refers to a mass formed by a group of specific individuals, which the speaker refers to as '''le gerku'''.



It needs to be noted that regular sumti built using '''lo''' are usually sufficient even when a selbri is meant to apply collectively. Constructing masses is mainly necessary when talking about multiple groups of individuals.

{{gl|sruri|x1 flanks/encircles/encloses x2 in line/plane/directions x3}}

'''lo prenu cu sruri lo zdani''' – '''People surround the house.''' The Lojban sentence shares the obvious meaning of the English one, namely that people are arranged around the house, not necessarily that individual people are stretched around it.

But what if we want to explicitly say that people surround the house from head to toe? In order to be explicit about a selbri distributing across individuals, one needs '''lo''', '''le''' or '''la''' with an outer quantifier. The subject of quantifiers will be considered later, in lesson twenty-two.



Lastly, there are the (only two) generalizing gadri:

{{gl|lo'e|gadri: veridical ''convert selbri to sumti''. Sumti refers to the archetype of '''lo {selbri}'''.}}
{{gl|le'e|gadri: Descriptive ''convert selbri to sumti''. Sumti refers to the described/perceived archetype of '''le {selbri}'''.}}

Of which there is no '''la'''-equivalent.

So, what is actually meant by the archetype? For '''lo'e tirxu''', it is an ideal, imagined big cat, which has all the properties which best exemplifies big cats. It would be wrong to say that this includes having a striped fur, since a big systematic subgroup of the members of the set of big cats do not have striped fur, such as the leopards and the jaguars. Likewise, the typical human does not live in Asia even though a lot of humans do. However, if sufficiently many humans have a trait, for instance being able to speak, we can say:

{{gl|kakne|x1 is capable of doing/being x2 under circumstance x3}}

'''lo'e remna cu kakne lo nu tavla''' - ''The typical human being can speak''.

'''le'e''' then, is the ideal object as perceived or described by the speaker. This need not be factually correct, and is often translated as the ''stereotype'', even though the English phrase have some unpleasant negative connotations, which the Lojban does not. In fact, everyone has a stereotypical archetypichal image of any category. In other words, '''lo'e remna''' is the archetype which best exemplifies all '''lo remna''', while the archetype '''le'e remna''' best exemplifies all '''le remna'''.

The eleven gadri can be seen in the diagram below.

<tab class=wikitable>
  Generic Masses Generalizing
veridical lo loi lo'e
Descriptive le lei le'e
Name la lai does not exist
</tab>

Note: Earlier, there was a word '''xo'e''' for the generic gadri. However, the rules and definitions for gadri were changed in late 2004, and the current set of rules on this topic, nicked ''xorlo'' has replaced the old way. Now, '''lo''' is generic, and '''xo'e''' is used as an elliptical digit (lesson nineteen). There are also gadri for building sets ('''lo'i''', '''le'i''', '''la'i'''), but they are exceedingly rare in post-xorlo usage.<noinclude>

{{Wave}}[[Category:Lojban Wave Lessons]]</noinclude>

Leçons d'onde/13

2017-01-29T20:05:41Z

Cirko: Created page with "<noinclude>{{Onde}} </noinclude>==Leçon 13 : morphologie et classes de mots== Retour à une matière plus consistante (et intéressante) Si vous ne l'avez pas déjà fait,..."

<noinclude>{{Onde}}

</noinclude>==Leçon 13 : morphologie et classes de mots==

Retour à une matière plus consistante (et intéressante)

Si vous ne l'avez pas déjà fait, je vous suggère fortement de trouver l'enregistrement en lojban intitulé « [[Story Time with Uncle Robin]] », ou d'écouter quelqu'un parler lojban avec [[Mumble]], et d'exercer votre prononciation. Avoir une conversation en lojban dans votre tête n'est bon que si elle ne se fait pas avec de mauvais sons, et apprendre la prononciation depuis l'écrit est difficile. Par conséquent, cette leçon ne portera pas sur les sons du lojban, aussi importants soient ils, mais sur une courte introduction à la morphologie du lobjan.

Qu'est ce que la morphologie ? Le mot est issu de la signification grecque "l'étude des formes", et dans ce contexte, nous parlons de comment nous formons des mots à partir de lettres et de sons, au contraire de la syntaxe - comment nous formons des phrases avec des mots. Le lojban utilise différentes classes morphologiques de mots, qui sont toutes définies par leur morphologie. Pour que tout soit simple et systématique quand même, les mots ayant certaines fonctions ont tendance à être groupés par classes morphologiques, mais il peut y avoir des exceptions.

<tab class=wikitable>
Classe Signification Défini par Fonction typique
Mots :
brivla mot bridi Il y a un groupement de consonnes parmi les 5 premières lettres (sans compter les « ' ». Termine par une voyelle. Par défaut, agit comme un selbri. A toujours une structure de position.
gismu Mot racine 5 lettres avec la forme CVCCV ou CCVCV Une à cinq position pour des sumti. Couvre les concepts de base.
lujvo Mot composé. Dérivé de « lujvla » signifiant « mot complexe ». Au moins 6 lettres. Créé par l'enchainement de rafsi, avec des lettres de liaison si besoin. Couvre des concepts plus complexes que les gismu.
zi'evla Mot libre Comme brivla, mais sans respecter les critères définis pour les gismu ou les lujvo, ex : '''.angeli''' Couvre des concepts uniques comme des noms de lieus ou d'organismes.
cmevla Nom propre Commence et finit par une pause (point). Le dernier son/lettre est une consonne. Agit toujours comme un nom ou comme le contenu d'une citation.
cmavo Mot de grammaire. De « cmavla » signifiant « petit mot » Zéro ou une consonne, toujours au début. Termine par une voyelle. Fonctions grammaticales. Variées.
Morceaux de mots :
Rafsi Affixe CCV, CVC, CV'V, -CVCCV, CVCCy- ou CCVCy- Pas de vrai mots, mais ils peuvent être combinés pour former des lujvo.
</tab>

Les '''cmevla''' sont très facile à identifier, car ils commencent et finissent par une pause, signalée à l'écrit par un point, et la dernière lettre est une consonne. Les cmevla ont deux fonctions : ils peuvent agir comme nom propre, s'ils sont préfixés par l'article la (expliqué dans la prochaine leçon), ou ils peuvent agir comme contenu d'une citation. Comme déjà vu, on peut marquer l'accentuation dans un nom en écrivant en capitale les lettres qui sont accentuées. Des exemples de cmevla : '''.io'AN.''' (Johan), .mat. (Matt) et '''.cumindzyn.''' (Xuming Zeng). Les noms qui ne finissent pas par une consonne doivent en ajouter une : '''.maris.''' (Marie), ou en retirer une voyelle : '''.mar.'''

Les '''brivla''' sont appelés " mots bridi " parce qu'ils sont par défaut des selbri, en conséquence presque tous les mots lojban avec une structure de position sont des brivla. Ça leur a aussi valu le surnom français de « mots de contenu ». C'est à peu près impossible de dire quoi que ce soit d'utile sans brivla, et presque tous les mots pour des concepts hors de la grammaire lojban (et même la plupart des mots pour des choses dans le langage) sont des brivla. Comme la table le montre, il y a trois catégories de brivla :

Les '''gismu''' sont les mots-racines du langage. Il n'en existe qu'environ 1450, et très peu de nouveaux sont ajoutés. Ils couvrent les concepts les plus basiques tels que « cercle », « ami », « arbre » et « rêve ». '''zdani''', '''pelxu''' et '''dunda''' en sont quelques exemples.

Les '''lujvo''' se construisent en combinant des rafsi (voir plus bas rafsi), qui représentent des gismu. En combinant des rafsi, on restreint la signification du mot. Les lujvo sont produits par un algorithme sophistiqué, faire des lujvo valides à la volée est donc preque impossible, à quelques exceptions près comme '''selpa'i''', de '''se prami''', qui ne peut avoir qu'une définition. Au lieu de ça les lujvo sont fait une fois pour toutes, leurs structures de position définie, et ensuite cette définition est officialisée par le dictionnaire. Parmi les lujvo il y a des brivla (mots-bridi) comme '''cinjikca''' (sexuel-socialisation = flirt) ou '''cakcinki''' (coquille-insect = scarabée).

Les '''zi'evla''' sont faits en fabriquant des mots qui correspondent à la définition des brivla, mais pas à celles des lujvo ou des gismu. Ils ont tendance à couvrir des concepts difficiles à transcrire par des lujvo, comme les noms d'espèces, les nations ou des concepts très spécifiques à une culture. On trouve, par exemple, '''xanguke''' (la Corée du Sud) , '''cidjrpitsa''' (pizza) ou '''.angeli''' (ange).

Les '''cmavo''' sont de petits mots avec zéro ou une consonne. Ils ont tendance à ne rien représenter dans le monde extérieur, et à n'avoir qu'une fonction grammaticale. Il y a des exceptions, et savoir à quel point les attitudinaux existent pour leur fonction grammaticale est sujet à débats. Les mots de la classe GOhA qui agissent comme des brivla sont un autre exemple bizarre. Il est correct d'enchaîner plusieurs cmavo à la suite pour former un mot, mais nous ne le ferons pas dans ces leçons. Néanmoins, en groupant certains cmavo en unités fonctionelles, c'est parfois plus facile à lire. Ainsi, '''uipuzuvukumi citka''' est correct, et s'analyse et se comprend comme '''ui pu zu vu ku mi citka'''. Comme avec les autres mots lojban, on devrait (mais on a pas toujours besoin) placer un point devant chaque mot commençant par une voyelle.

Les cmavo de la forme xVV, CV'VV et V'VV sont expérimentaux, et sont hors de la grammaire formelle, mais ils ont été ajouté par des lojbanistes pour répondre à un certain usage.

Les '''rafsi''' ne sont pas des mots lojban et ne peuvent jamais apparaître seuls. Néanmoins, on peut combiner plusieurs rafsi (strictement plus d'un) pour former un lujvo. Ceux-là doivent encore obéir à la définition des brivla, par exemple lojban est invalide parce qu'il finit par une consonne (ce qui en fait un cmevla), et '''ci'ekei''' est invalide parce qu'il ne contient pas de groupement de consonne et se lit donc comme deux cmavo écrits comme un seul mot. Souvent, une chaîne de 3-4 lettres est à la fois un cmavo et un rafsi, comme zu'e qui est à la fois le mot de la classe BAI et le rafsi pour zukte. Remarquez qu'il n'y a pas de situation dans laquelle les cmavo et les rafsi sont tous deux grammaticalement corrects, et ils ne sont donc pas considérés comme homophones. Tous les gismu peuvent servir de rafsi s'ils sont préfixés par un autre rafsi. Les quatre premières lettres d'un gismu suffixées avec un " y " peuvent aussi agir comme rafsi, si elles sont suffixées par un autre rafsi. La voyelle " y " ne peut apparaître que dans des lujvo ou des cmevla. Les combinaisons de lettres valides pour un rafsi sont : CVV, CV'V, CCV, CVCCy-, CCVCy-, -CVCCV et -CCVCV.

En utilisant ce que vous savez, vous devriez pouvoir réussir le test que je vous présente :

Classez chacun des mots suivants en tant que cmevla (C), gismu (g), lujvo (l), fu'ivla (f) ou cmavo (c) :

<tab class=wikitable>
A ) jai G ) mumbl
B ) .irci H ) .i'i
C ) bostu I ) cu
D ) xelman J ) plajva
E ) po'e K ) danseke
F ) djisku L ) .ertsa
</tab>

Réponse : a-c, b-f, c-g, d-C, e-c, f-l, g-C, h-c, i-c, j-l, k-f, l-f. J'ai laissé tomber les points avant et après les noms pour que ce ne soit pas trop facile. Remarque : certains de ces mots, comme '''bostu''' n'existe pas dans le dictionnaire, mais ça n'a pas d'importance. La morphologie en fait quand même un gismu, donc c'est juste un gismu sans définition. De même pour '''.ertsa'''.<noinclude>

{{Onde}}[[Category:Leçons d'onde]]</noinclude>

Leçons d'onde/12

2017-01-29T18:57:31Z

Cirko:

<noinclude>{{Onde}}

</noinclude>==Leçon 12 : ordres et questions==

Pfiou, ces deux longues leçons avec du lojban chargé en syntaxe ont donné matière à réfléchir au cerveau. En particulier parce que c'est très différent du français. Tournons-nous donc vers quelque chose d'un peu plus léger : les ordres et les questions.

Qu'est-ce que… assis et concentré !

Puisqu'en français les ordres sont exprimés en laissant le sujet hors de la phrase, pourquoi avez-vous supposez que c'était à vous que je m'adressais, et que je ne me commandais pas moi-même, ni n'exprimais l'obligation de quelqu'un d'autre ? Parce que la langue française comprend que les ordres, de par leur nature-même, sont toujours dirigés vers le récepteur - le « tu », et que le sujet n'est donc pas nécessaire.

En lojban, l'ellipse du sujet équivaut à '''zo'e''', cette possibilité nous est donc malheureusement inaccessible. À la place nous utilisons le mot '''ko''', qui est la forme impérative de '''do'''. Grammaticalement et du point de vue du bridi, c'est équivalent à '''do''', mais ça rajoute une couche de sémantique, puisque ça transforme toute proposition contenant '''ko''' en un ordre. « Fais en sorte que cette phrase soit vraie pour toi='''ko''' ! » Pour la même raison pour laquelle on a pas besoin du sujet dans les phrases anglaises, on a pas besoin de mots de commande dérivé d'un autre sumti que '''do'''.

Comment pouvez-vous ordonner à quelqu'un de partir loin et pour longtemps (en utilisant '''klama''' comme unique selbri ?)

Réponse : ko ve'u ze'u klama

('''.i za'a dai .a'o mi ca co'u ciska lo famyma'o .i ko jimpe vau .ui''') - regardez '''ciska''' et essayez de comprendre.

Les questions en lojban sont très facile à apprendre. Il y en a deux sortes : Remplissez le blanc, et les questions « vrai ou faux ». Commençons avec les questions de type « vrai ou faux » - c'est assez accessible, vu que cela ne fait intervenir qu'un seul mot, '''xu'''.

'''xu''' fonctionne comme un attitudinal en ceci qu'il peut se mettre partout et qu'il s'applique au mot (ou à la construction) précédent. Il transforme alors la phrase en une question, demandant si c'est vrai ou non. Pour répondre par l'affirmative, vous répetez simplement le bridi :

'''xu ze'u zdani do .i ze'u zdani mi''', ou bien vous répetez uniquement le selbri, qui est le bridi privé de tous ses sumti et tous ses temps: '''zdani'''.

Il y a une façon encore plus facile de confirmer en utilisant un brika'i, mais ce sera pour une autre fois. Pour répondre « non » ou « faux », vous répondez simplement avec la négation du bridi. Ceci aussi est laissé pour plus tard, mais nous reviendrons aux façons de répondre aux questions d'ici là.

L'autre genre est « remplir le blanc ». Ici vous demandez que le mot-question soit remplacé par une construction qui rende le bridi correct. Il existe plusieurs de ces mots, selon ce sur quoi vous questionnez :

{{gl|ma|demande le sumti}}
{{gl|mo|demande le selbri}}
{{gl|xo|demande le nombre}}
{{gl|cu'e|demande le temps}}

Et bien d'autres. Pour questionner sur un sumti, vous placez donc simplement votre mot de questionnement là où vous voulez votre réponse : '''do dunda ma mi'''- demande de remplir le x2 avec un sumti correct. « Tu me donnes quoi ? ». La combinaison sumtcita + '''ma''' est en effet très utile :

'''mu'i'''- sumtcita : motivé par l'abstraction de {sumti}

'''.oi do darxi mi mu'i ma'''- « Aïe, pourquoi me frappes-tu ?! »

Essayons-en une autre. Cette fois, vous traduisez :

'''ui dai do ca ze'u pu mo'''

Réponse : « Tu es heureux, qu'as-tu fais tout ce temps jusqu'à maintenant ? ». Techniquement, cela peut aussi vouloir dire « qu'étais-tu ? », mais répondre par '''ua nai li'a remna''' (Ben, humain, évidemment) c'est juste une façon d'être volontairement affreusement pénible.

Comme le ton de la voix et la structure des phrases n'indique pas qu'une phrase est ou n'est pas une question, il vaut mieux ne pas rater le mot de questionnement. C'est pourquoi, puisque les gens ont tendance à se concentrer plutôt sur les mots au début et à la fin des phrases, ça vaut généralement le coût de réordonner la phrase de façon à ce que les mots de questionnement se retrouvent à ces places là. Si ce n'est pas faisable, '''pau''' est un attitudinal indiquant que la phrase est une question. À l'inverse, '''pau nai''' indique explicitement qu'une question est rhétorique.

Tant qu'on est sur le sujet des questions, il est pertinent de mentionner le mot '''kau''', qui est un marqueur signalant « question indirect ». Mais alors, c'est quoi une question indirecte ? Bon, regardez cette phrase : '''mi djuno lo du'u ma kau zdani do''' - « Je sais ce qu'est ta maison ».

{{gl|djuno|x1 sait que les faits x2 sont vrais à propos de x3 selon l'épistémologie x4}}

On peut le voir comme la réponse à la question '''ma zdani do'''. Plus rarement, on peut étiquetter un mot qui n'est pas un mot de questionnement avec '''kau''', auquel cas on peut toujours l'imaginer comme la réponse à une question : '''mi jimpe lo du'u dunda ti kau do''' - « Je sais ce qui t'a été donné, c'est ceci ».<noinclude>

{{Onde}}[[Category:Leçons d'onde]]</noinclude>

pa sepli falnu

2016-10-15T16:01:38Z

Cirko: jmina pa ke toi bu

[[File:Ship_atrium_small_white_sail.JPG|thumb|right|link=|lo nonkansa falnu]]

la'e «lu Ca ca'o blabi fa lo falnu co nonkansa li'u» cu me lo pemci poi finti fa la Mixail Lermontov noi jetnu cmene fa zoi ry.Михаил Лермонтов.ry. je noi rusko ke pemci se cuntu
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:text-top;"

!'''la lojban'''
!'''Русский'''
!'''English'''
!'''Esperanto'''

|-
||Pa sepli falnu ru'i blabi bu'`u lo blanu bumru sai. i fy ma sisku vi lo darno? i cirko ma lo zdani dai?
||Белеет парус одинокой В тумане моря голубом!.. Что ищет он в стране далекой? Что кинул он в краю родном?..
||A far sail shimmers, white and lonely, Through the blue haze above the foam. What does it seek in foreign harbours? What has it left behind at home?
||Blankadas velo unusola En la nebula mara blu'. Ĝi kion lasis, kion volas En fremdaj vastoj serĉi plu?
|-
||i kelci boxna. i lo brife ca torni lo agmasto ii. i uu na troci lo ka gleki. i fy na cliva rivbi ri.
||Играют волны — ветер свищет, И мачта гнется и скрыпит... Увы! он счастия не ищет, И не от счастия бежит!
||The billows romp, and the wind whistles. The rigging swings, and the tall mast creaks. Alas, it is not joy, he flees from, Nor is it happiness he seeks.
||La ondoj ludas, vento spiras, La maston fleksas kun fervor'... Ve, ne feliĉon vel' aspiras, Nek de feliĉo kuras for!
|-
||i ni'a tsani skari flecu i solri linji ga'u fy. i ku'i cpedu fe lo vlile tai lo ka surla ri'a ri.
||Под ним струя светлей лазури, Над ним луч солнца золотой... А он, мятежный, просит бури, Как будто в бурях есть покой!
||Below, the seas like blue light flowing, Above, the sun's gold streams increase, But it is storm the rebel asks for, As though in storms were peace.
||Ĝin kronas ora bril' ĉiela, Sub ĝi lazuras l' onda spac'. Sed ŝtormon serĉas ĝi, ribela, Kvazaŭ en ŝtormoj estas pac'.
|-
||(to lo 1832 moi nanca toi)
||1832
||1832
||1832

|-
||i finti fa la .mixail.lermontov. (to li 1814 bi'o 1987 toi)
||Михаил Лермонтов (1814-1841)
||Mikhail Lermontov (1814-1841)
||Miĥail Lermontov (1814-1841)

|}
[[Category:pemci]]

pa sepli falnu

2016-10-15T16:00:49Z

Cirko: gendrygau

[[File:Ship_atrium_small_white_sail.JPG|thumb|right|link=|lo nonkansa falnu]]

la'e «lu Ca ca'o blabi fa lo falnu co nonkansa li'u» cu me lo pemci poi finti fa la Mixail Lermontov noi jetnu cmene fa zoi ry.Михаил Лермонтов.ry. je noi rusko ke pemci se cuntu
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;vertical-align:text-top;"

!'''la lojban'''
!'''Русский'''
!'''English'''
!'''Esperanto'''

|-
||Pa sepli falnu ru'i blabi bu'`u lo blanu bumru sai. i fy ma sisku vi lo darno? i cirko ma lo zdani dai?
||Белеет парус одинокой В тумане моря голубом!.. Что ищет он в стране далекой? Что кинул он в краю родном?..
||A far sail shimmers, white and lonely, Through the blue haze above the foam. What does it seek in foreign harbours? What has it left behind at home?
||Blankadas velo unusola En la nebula mara blu'. Ĝi kion lasis, kion volas En fremdaj vastoj serĉi plu?
|-
||i kelci boxna. i lo brife ca torni lo agmasto ii. i uu na troci lo ka gleki. i fy na cliva rivbi ri.
||Играют волны — ветер свищет, И мачта гнется и скрыпит... Увы! он счастия не ищет, И не от счастия бежит!
||The billows romp, and the wind whistles. The rigging swings, and the tall mast creaks. Alas, it is not joy, he flees from, Nor is it happiness he seeks.
||La ondoj ludas, vento spiras, La maston fleksas kun fervor'... Ve, ne feliĉon vel' aspiras, Nek de feliĉo kuras for!
|-
||i ni'a tsani skari flecu i solri linji ga'u fy. i ku'i cpedu fe lo vlile tai lo ka surla ri'a ri.
||Под ним струя светлей лазури, Над ним луч солнца золотой... А он, мятежный, просит бури, Как будто в бурях есть покой!
||Below, the seas like blue light flowing, Above, the sun's gold streams increase, But it is storm the rebel asks for, As though in storms were peace.
||Ĝin kronas ora bril' ĉiela, Sub ĝi lazuras l' onda spac'. Sed ŝtormon serĉas ĝi, ribela, Kvazaŭ en ŝtormoj estas pac'.
|-
||(to lo 1832 moi nanca toi
||1832
||1832
||1832

|-
||i finti fa la .mixail.lermontov. (to li 1814 bi'o 1987 toi)
||Михаил Лермонтов (1814-1841)
||Mikhail Lermontov (1814-1841)
||Miĥail Lermontov (1814-1841)

|}
[[Category:pemci]]

Leçons d'onde/11

2016-08-03T21:04:04Z

Cirko: cikre tau lo pixra

<noinclude>{{Onde}}

</noinclude>==Leçon 11 : ZAhO==

Bien que nous n'allons pas traverser tout les temps lojban pour le moment, il y a une autre sorte de temps qui, je pense, devrait être enseignée. Ils sont nommés les « contours d'évènement », et représentent une manière très différente de voir les temps par rapport à ce que l'on a vu jusqu'ici. Allons-y :

En utilisant les temps que l'on a apprit jusqu'ici, on peut imaginer une ligne de temps indéfinie, et placer des évènements sur cette ligne relatifs au « maintenant ». Avec les contours d'évènements, cependant, on voit chaque évènement comme un processus, qui a certaines étapes : un moment avant l'évènement, un moment quand il commence, un moment quand il est en cours, un moment quand il se termine, et un moment après qu'il se soit terminé. Les contours d'évènements nous disent à quel moment dans le processus de l'évènement nous étions pendant le temps spécifié par les autres temps. Nous avons besoin de quelque temps pour commencer :

{{gl|pu'o|– sumtcita: contour d'évènement : le bridi n'est pas encore arrivé pendant {sumti}}}
{{gl|ca'o|– sumtcita: contour d'évènement : le bridi est en cours pendant {sumti}}}
{{gl|ba'o|– sumtcita: contour d'évènement : le bridi s'est terminé pendant {sumti}}}

Ceci demande quelques exemples. Que signifie « '''ui mi pu'o {ku} se zdani {vau}''' » ?

Réponse : « ☺ Je vais commencer à avoir une maison »

Mais, demandez vous, pourquoi ne pas juste dire « '''ui mi ba {ku} se zdani {vau}''' » et s'économiser une syllabe ? Parce que, souvenez-vous, dire que vous allez avoir une maison dans le futur ne dit rien à propos de si vous en possédez déjà une. En utilisant « '''pu'o''' », par contre, vous dîtes que vous êtes maintenant dans le passé du moment où vous avez une maison, ce qui veux dire que vous n'en avez pas encore.

Notez au passage que « '''mi ba {ku} se zdani {vau}''' » est similaire à « '''mi pu'o {ku} se zdani {vau}''' », de même pour « '''ba'o''' » and « '''pu''' ». Pourquoi semble-t'ils à l'envers ? Parce que les contours d'évènements voient le présent du point de vue du processus, alors que les autres temps voient les évènements dans notre présent.

Souvent, les contours d'évènements sont plus précis que les autres types de temps. Encore plus de clareté est obtenue en combinant plusieurs temps : « '''.a'o mi ba {ku} zi {ku} ba'o {ku} gunka {vau}''' » – « J'espère que j'ai bientôt fini de travailler. ».

En lojban, on travaille aussi avec le « début naturel » et la « fin naturelle » d'un évènement. Le terme « naturel » est hautement subjectif ici, et la fin naturelle se réfère au point où processus devrait se terminer. Vous pouvez dire, à propos d'un train en retard, par exemple, que sont processus d'arriver à vous est maintenant en train de s'étendre au delà de sa fin naturelle. Un plat pas assez cuit, mais servi, de même, est mangé avant le début naturel du processus « manger ». Les contours d'évènements utilisés dans ces exemples sont les suivants :

{{gl|za'o|– sumtcita: contour d'évènement : le bridi est en cours au-delà de sa fin naturelle pendant {sumti}}}
{{gl|xa'o|– sumtcita: contour d'évènement : le bridi est en cours, trop tôt, pendant {sumti}}}
{{gl|cidja|x1 est de la nourriture, que x2 peut manger}}

Traduisez : « '''.oi do citka za'o lo nu do ba'o {ku} u'e citka zo'e noi cidja do {vau} {ku'o} {vau} {kei} {ku}''' »

Réponse : « Ouch, tu continues de manger quand tu as finit, incroyablement, de manger quelque chose de comestible ! »

[[Image:display2.png|500px|link=]]

Image ci-dessus : les temps de ZAhO (contours d'événements). Tous les temps au dessus de la ligne de l'événement indiquent des étapes couvrant une certaine durée. Tous les temps en-dessous de la ligne de l'événement indiquent des étapes instantanées.

Tous ces temps décrivaient des étapes d'un processus ayant une certaine durée (comme montré par le graphe ci-dessus; ces temps au-dessus de la ligne de l'événement). Mais beaucoup des contours d'événements décrivent des étapes instantanées dans le processus, comme son commencement. Comme c'est le cas pour '''ca''' et '''bu'u''', ils s'étendent en fait légèrement dans le passé et le futur de cet instant, et n'ont pas besoin d'être précis.

Les deux contours d'événement instantanés les plus importants sont :

{{gl|co'a|sumtcita : contour d'événement : le bridi est à son commencement durant {sumti}}}
{{gl|co'u|sumtcita : contour d'événement : le bridi arrive à sa fin durant {sumti}}}

En outre, à un certain point, l'événement est naturellement complet, mais n'est pas forcément terminé :

{{gl|mo'u|sumtcita : contour d'événement : le bridi arrive à sa fin naturelle durant {sumti}}}

Bien que la plupart du temps, les processus s'arrête effectivement à leur fin naturelle, c'est ce qui la rend naturelle. Habituellement les trains ne sont pas en retard, habituellement les gens se contentent de manger de la nourriture comestible.

Comme un processus peut-être interrompu et relancé, ces points aussi ont mérité leurs propres contours d'événements :

{{gl|de'a|sumtcita : contour d'événement : le bridi est en pause durant {sumti}}}
{{gl|di'a|sumtcita : contour d'événement : le bridi recommence durant {sumti}}}

En fait comme '''jundi''' signifie « x1 est attentif à x2 », '''de'a jundi''' et '''di'a jundi''' sont des façons, communes en lojban, de dire « je reviens » ( « dans le sens je m'en vais et je vais bientôt revenir » ) et « je suis de retour ». Bien sûr on peut se contenter de dire les contours d'événement seuls et espérer être compris.

Finalement, on peut considérer un événement entier, du début à la fin, comme un seul instant en utilisant '''co'i''' :

{{gl|penmi|x1 rencontre x2 à l'endroit x3}}

'''mi pu {ku} zu {ku} co'i {ku} penmi lo dotco prenu {ku} {vau}''' - « Il y a longtemps, j'étais à l'instant où je rencontrais une personne allemande ».<noinclude>

{{Onde}}[[Category:Leçons d'onde]]</noinclude>